1224655 玖、發明說明： 1·【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及盲孔螺帽型插入件，該插入件僅由一側進入 薄板而永久地安裝在薄板中。更具體地說，它適用於一種 透過由薄板接納金屬的冷變形而提供齊平的固定式盲螺帽。 2 ·【先前技術】 在插入件製造業中，盲孔螺帽是一種眾所周知的插入件 ’其使螺紋件提供給諸如深度和/或硬度都不足以在板中直 接支承螺紋的金屬板的薄板。這種類型的螺帽被稱爲”肓孔， ’因爲它只能在進入薄板一側的情況下應用。通常，將螺 帽夾緊在凸緣頂部和變形的凸出部分或球狀部分之間的薄 板上，該凸緣頂部靠在薄板一側上，球狀部分與薄板另一 側鄰接。球狀部分透過將一壓縮工具心軸擰入螺帽而使與 內螺紋端部鄰接的直徑減小的螺帽螺身的中間管狀部分變 形而形成的（下文統稱爲’’可變形部分”）。在安裝好螺帽後， 將心軸退出螺帽使之離開準備接納螺釘或螺栓的螺帽/薄 板組件’以使其他部件可固定到薄板上。還有某些外螺紋 盲孔插入件，其中，永久式固定雙頭螺栓取代心軸的功能 作爲把壓縮載荷施加到插入件端部的裝置。 由於要固定一相配的螺紋插入件，盲孔螺帽/薄板組件的 性能可由兩個截然不同的軸向強度考慮。第一個軸向強度 考慮是夾持負載能力，它是當相配的螺紋緊固件固緊後可 施加軸向負載量的測定。夾持負載能力爲一種螺紋拉脫強 度和螺紋區的支承強度的函數（function)。考慮所裝的插入 -6- 1224655 件的截面形狀，該支承強度爲球狀體的切變強度和薄板內 的可變形部分的抗壓強度之組合。而第二個軸向強度考慮 是工作負荷能力，它是使固定的部件從帶有肓孔插入件的 薄板上分開所需的負荷的測定。考慮到所裝的插入件的截 面形狀，球狀體是防止插入件自薄板中拉出的唯一元件， 由此’該工作負荷能力只是球狀體的切變強度。因爲變形 部分的抗壓強度不會對工作負荷呈現累加效應，因此，工 作負荷能力將始終小於夾持負載能力。 另一個考慮的是可使用的安裝工具的類型。安裝盲孔螺帽 的工具有兩個基本類型：自旋-拉拔工具和自旋-自旋工具 。自旋·自旋工具在透過相配的螺紋件的旋轉的插入件的可 折區產生壓縮負載。自旋-自旋工具便宜又輕便，而且易於 裝配和使用，因此通常是優先選用的。由於可得到提高的 縮鍛力是有限的，一般情況下，它們不能用於安裝帶有厚 壁的部件。自旋-拉拔工具使相配的螺紋件自旋到位，然後 ，在自旋之前以反方向施加軸向拉力以從螺帽中除去螺紋 件。自旋-拉拔工具結構是比較複雜的，因而比較貴，而且 重量比自旋-自旋工具要重。它們還比較難裝配且需要更多 的保養（maintenance)。因此，形成薄板夾持球狀體所需要 的縮鍛載荷或力常常決定這兩個通用型號的安裝工具中哪 一個可以採用。因此，最好是提供一種具有最大工作負荷 能力和縮鍛載荷的盲孔螺帽插入件，所述縮鍛載荷可由一 自旋-自旋型安裝工具所限定的縮鍛力來達成。 盲孔螺帽所要求的性能特徵是具有大的夾持範圍。也就 -7- 1224655 是說’同一部件固定到不同厚度的薄板上的能力。在下文 中’術語”夾緊”將用來表示件身的變形部分，所述變形部 分位於第一球狀部和插入件頂部之間的薄板孔內。 在某些應用中，需要使肓孔螺帽安裝後與薄板的入口側 齊平。這可能需要在薄板上打埋頭孔以接納螺帽的頂部， 從而使頂部表面與薄板的前部齊平，然而，這不是所希望 的’因爲在薄板上打埋頭孔需要額外的生產加工。爲克服 這一問題’有人設計了 一種可提供齊平式固定的拉削型肓 孔螺帽’其中，該螺帽以一帶齒的鋸齒狀端部取代頂部， 這使該盲孔螺帽在不需對薄板打埋頭孔的情況下以非旋轉 關係可靠地固定在工件上。這樣一種插入件在諸如McKay 等人提出的美國專利號3，9 3 8，1 4 2中有所披露。爲適應這種 拉削式固定’螺帽內部的孔腔接納進入螺帽體內的向內壓 扁的可變形材料壁。然而，這種固定類型的問題之一是， 插入件上沒有設置剛性連接的結構來防止該插入件自薄板 擠出。若推出載荷和拉削載荷相等，將會導致螺帽或插入 件全部拉引過薄板的鑽孔並被逐出。 眾所周知在現有技術中可採用一種平鑲安裝的盲孔螺帽 的自緊式固定。例如，在Davis發表的美國專利號3,2 15，02 6 中揭示了一種自咬緊式盲孔螺帽。因爲自咬緊式固定取決 於變形金屬薄板的冷變形，它需要比拉削固定更高的安裝 夾緊載荷。因此，在已知的盲孔螺帽材料和構造的切變強 度範圍內，這種插入件受限於相當軟的金屬薄板材料。嘗 試透過增大螺帽材料的強度，來增大螺帽的切變強度克服 -8- 1224655 相對安裝板的後側給予安裝工具有限的作用力適當壓扁螺 帽能力而推進。再有，有人嘗試在不增大材料強度的情況 下增大肓孔螺帽的夾持載荷強度，例如，Eklund發表的美 國專利號2,3 24,1 42 ’其中，肓孔鉚接的可壓折部分設置有 第二加強球狀部分。然而，如所披露的，對於需要更大的 工作負荷進入較硬金屬板的鉚接式固定，這種結構需要把 成對的凹槽應用於螺帽螺身的壓折部分的外表面，此外表 面就不具有必需的球狀部分切變強度。 人們還知道，在盲孔螺帽的可變形部分的區域中，透過 退火形成一弱區以沿可變形部分的長度產生一減小硬度的 區域。當插入件受壓時，在退火的區域形成一球狀部分。 例如，在Kendall發表的美國專利號4,8 26,3 72中揭示了爲 球狀部分的產生而改變製品盲孔螺帽的冶金的方法。 盡管本領域經過努力，但仍未能生產這一種肓孔螺帽， 即它可安裝成與薄板的進入側齊平，而且它可透過一自旋_ 自旋工具進行安裝並提供寬的夾持範圍。對於較硬的金屬 薄板，還需要提供一種可用自旋-自旋工具來安裝並提供寬 的夾持範圍以將它安裝入不同厚度的薄板的固定型肓螺帽。 3 ·【發明內容】 本發明提供了 一種盲孔螺帽，以滿足上述的本領域所需 。本發明的盲孔螺帽具有相當薄的壁以及可形成多個球狀 部分的加大長度的可變形螺身。若干球狀部分可透過在螺 身的可變形部分區域提供具有外部材料的插入件的內表面 或外表面加以形成。另一種方法是，透過諸如選擇性退火 -9· 1224655 的熱處理可以在可變形區域的原材料中選擇性地形成硬化 的凸環。 由於壁的厚度相當薄，故本發明插入件可用自旋-自旋工 具來安裝並提供寬的夾持範圍。當安裝本發明插入件時， 將會形成兩個球狀部分。按此設計，與板接觸的第一球狀 部分和鄰接螺紋端區形成的第二支承球狀部分的直徑比總 是相同或者要大。由於形成了兩個球狀部分，故球狀部分 的切變強度將是壁厚度的四倍，而不是只形成一個球狀部 分時，球狀部分的切變強度是壁厚度的兩倍。 透過控制形成本發明特徵的多個球狀部分的軸向位置， 從而可控制形成多個球狀部分的順序。在很多設計當中， 鄰接薄板的球狀部分會最先形成。在一實施例中，透過增 大外徑和安裝孔之間的間隙來減小薄板安裝孔內的部件的 抗壓強度。當鄰接薄板的球狀部分形成時，該間隔導致該 區的彎曲。最初彎曲的出現促使在頂部嵌入時額外彎曲。 在另一實施例中，可透過局部硬化或局部退火來改變插 入件的局部所選區的金屬性能，從而提供產生插入件性能 的多個球狀部分。另一種情況中，可在部件的外徑上加設 一加強肋以形成一強度增大的局部區域，以使在該凸緣兩 側上形成各球狀部分，這將在本文中作進一步描述。 更具體地說，本發明包括一帶螺紋的盲孔插入件，其具 有一帶輙向通孔的件身，該件身的一端爲頂部，另一端爲 通孔的螺紋區，件身的外表面和通孔之間具有一管壁。件 身的可變形部分是透過軸向地沿件身外表面減小直徑的區 1224655 域來建立的。與件身形成一體的加強凸環大致上位於直徑 減小的區域中間，在此時，該凸環具有較大的壁厚，使得 當插入件被夾在薄板中受壓時，可在該凸環兩側上形成球 狀部分。該插入件還包括一與頂部的底側鄰接的凸緣。該 凸緣的外徑比件身的直徑大，但比頂部的直徑小。頂部包 括滾花或其他非圓形特徵，諸如多邊形。插入件附裝到具 有圓孔的薄板上，所述圓孔的直徑稍微比安裝在該圓孔內 凸緣的直徑小。按照這些尺寸，在件身和圓孔側壁之間留 有大致呈環形的間隙。當插入件受壓時，兩球狀部分在凸 環兩側上形成並對薄板後側產生反作用力，從而將該薄板 夾在插入件的球狀部分和頂部之間。球狀部分的反作用力 足以使頂部和滾花嵌入薄板中，使得最後安裝達到與薄板 的前表面齊平固定。在另一實施例中，可用一可變形壁的 硬度較大的一帶狀部取代加強凸環，該帶狀部是透過使插 入件熱處理來形成的。這可透過使帶狀物兩側上的可變形 部分的退火或者將帶狀部區域處理以建立一硬度較大的區 域或者使帶狀部相對兩側上的材料退火以使這些區域的材 料軟化來達成。 因此，本發明具有以下的優點。第一，它增大了與壁厚 度相對的凸出部分的強度和縮鍛載荷。第二，它可在不需 製備特製孔的情況下，使安裝的插入件與進入側齊平。第 三’它增大了圓形安裝孔內的扭轉保持強度，本文將對此 作進一步解釋。最後，本發明相比使用較大壁厚度的盲孔 插入件增大了夾持範圍而增大球狀體的切變強度。對於本 -11- 1224655 領域的技術人員來說，本發明的其他目的和優點將從下面 的附圖以及對較佳實施例的描述中得到淸楚的瞭解。 4 ·【實施方式】 請參見第1圖和第2圖，本發明第一實施例的插入件i 〇 包括一軸向通孔9。與插入件形成一體的徑向凸環n沿插 入件的件身位於接近可變形區1 2的中心，可變形區的外徑 比凸緣1 7的外徑小。凸環n所在的位置比頂部1 5要稍微 罪近插入件的螺紋部分1 3。頂部1 5包括一通常用在某些 公知型號的自咬緊式插入件上的滾花1 6，以便在壓入工件 時’該滾花可提供有效的抗扭強度。該滾花被硬化，以使 它的硬度比工件的硬度大。位於頂部1 5底側的凸緣1 7使 插入件置於工件的安裝孔的中心並在件身和孔側壁之間留 有環形間隙。凸緣的軸向長度必須稍微小於薄板的最小厚 度，以使插入件可裝在該薄板中。 ' 第3圖至第6圖所示爲在變形區內插入件的壁的壓彎或 壓曲以及頂部的滾花部分嵌入的安裝順序。首先請參見第 3圖’圖中示出了第1圖的插入件裝配到一以虛線表示的 安裝工具2 1上。該工具包括一延伸到插入件中的螺紋心軸 23。該工具還包括一帶有端面的端部（n〇sepiece)2i，該端 部在安裝過程中總是鄰接插入件的頂部。如該圖所示，鄰 接插入件頂部的凸緣17被插入工件或薄板20的安裝孔內 ’以使插入件正確地置於孔中心。加強凸環1 1大致位於件 身變形部分1 2的中心。安裝過程開始時，安裝工具對與插 入件的螺紋1 8嚙合的心軸施加一拉力。 1224655 現在，請參見第4圖’工具的拉力給插入件的變形部分 以受壓的方式加載。在此圖中，直接鄰接薄板後側的第一 球狀部分25已完全形成以及第二球狀部分26正開始形成 。由於厚度均勻的壁的可變形部分藉由外部材料製成的凸 環1 1沿其外徑分爲兩段，較長段的抗壓強度較低，它將成 爲首先壓曲或皺縮的區域。用這種方法，球狀部分的形成 順序可由外部材料的凸環的軸向位置來控制。此時，第一 球狀部分2 5尙未相對於徑軸線對稱。 現在，請參見第5圖，安裝工具繼續施加拉力，第二球 狀部分2 6幾乎已完全形成。現在，凸緣和薄板後側之間的 變形部分呈通常的輻射（radial)形狀。此時，滾花頂部16 尙未嵌入薄板20中。 現在，請參見第6圖，眉中示出該實施例的最後安裝階 段。工具2 1所施加的不斷增加之力使得兩球狀部分25和 26完全靠在一起，即，之前位於變形部分內徑上的兩表面 已軸向移動到彼此緊密接觸點。當每一球狀部分本身靠攏 以及兩球狀部分彼此相靠緊後，兩球狀部分驟然對進一步 變形產生很大的阻力。當工具施加的力增大時，工具端部 對緊固件頂部的反作用力超過把滾花頂部嵌入工件所需的 力，加上使按總和等於頂部厚度的夾緊部分內的件身變形 所需的力。因此，頂部完全嵌入以及夾緊部分內件身的可 變形部分變形使得件身靠在薄板後側的曲率半徑比第5圖 所示的靠在薄板後側更緊密。對此，件身外徑和薄板安裝 之間有足夠間隙是必需的。該間隙是由件身和凸緣之間的 -13- 1224655 直徑差所提供的，所述直徑差使安裝孔的側壁和件身之間 形成環形間隙。比滾花頂部1 5的直徑大的工具端部可作爲 一剛性擋塊，以防止驅動嵌入太深而不能與薄板的前表面 齊平 〇 現在，兩球狀部分基本上相對於一徑向平面對稱並完全 形成。滾花1 6已全部嵌入薄板20中，安裝過程就此完成 。作爲本發明的上述關鍵特徵兩球狀部分的形成，可使插 入件軟到足以變形，而又爲將滾花完全嵌入薄板中提供足 夠阻力。雖然該較佳實施例利用滾花來提供一扭轉固定裝 置，但也可以採用其他的方法諸如非圓形頂部形狀或徑向 凸出。 第7圖至第1 0圖所示了本發明的另一實施例。在此實施 例中，不像前實施例由沿著件身外徑的外部材料的凸環形來 形成多個球狀部分，而可由一比件身材料硬度大的帶狀部取 代之。該較大硬度的帶狀部3 1是可選擇性地使帶區硬化或 是先使整個插入件硬化，然後，選擇性地使件身的帶狀部 區周圍其餘部分退火以減小其硬度來建立的。另外，除了 與凸緣相比外徑小的區域延伸整個件身的長度之外，該實 施例在其他結構方面類似於第1圖至第6圖所示的前實施 例。具有可變形部分的件身的較薄壁區位於凸緣和螺紋區 之間，它是由可變形區和螺紋區的內徑差達成的。變形的 順序類似於第1圖至第6圖所示的實施例。如第7圖所示 ，安裝過程的第一個步驟是把插入件擰到工具的心軸2 3上 ’直到該插入件的頂部鄰接工具端部2 1，然後，將插入件 -14- 1224655 的凸緣插入薄板20的孔中。 現在，請參見第8圖，安裝工具對插入件施加漸增的拉 力，因此，給予直徑減小區域中的壁壓縮負荷。在此實施 例中，如同前述的實施例，較靠近薄板2 0的第一球狀部分 3 5首先形成，而此時，第二球狀部分3 6正開始形成。同 樣，沿變形部分的長度放置的相對較硬的材料帶狀部3 1決 定了在該帶狀部3 1哪側上的球狀部分最先形成。 現在，請參見第9圖，在該第二實施例的形成過程中所 製作的第二球狀部分3 6現在已基本上完全形成。位於中心 的凸緣和薄板20後側之間的直徑減小的區域中的件身壁 的構形呈現通常的輻射形狀。此時，應該注意，滾花頂部 1 6尙未開始嵌入薄板2 0中。 第1 0圖所示爲安裝過程的最後步驟。當增加安裝工具的 拉力使兩球狀部分完全形成以及滾花頂部1 6完全嵌入薄 板2 0中時，由工具所施加的力不斷地增大導致兩變形部分 完全靠在一起並變成爲相對於一徑向平面大致對稱。如同 上述實施例，在薄板安裝孔中的插入件的壁變形導致對薄 板2 0後側的半徑或作用距離比如第9圖所示的距離更緊密 。這部分可藉由薄板安裝孔的直徑和由凸緣提供的件身外 徑之間的間隔來達成的。如同前述實施例，工具的端部2 1 提供了滾花頂部16齊平地固定入薄板20的前側。 從前述對較佳實施例的描述，應該瞭解到，本發明的目 的已經達成。本發明的帶螺紋的肓孔插入件提供了 一可控 的緊固件的連續變形，這種連續變形可使滾花頂部齊平地 -15- 1224655 固定入相當硬的工件或薄板中。應該理解，對本發明可以 作出其他各種變化或者改型，基於上面的敘述，這些修飾 或 改型 對 於 本 領 域 技術 人 員 來 發 明僅 由 以 下 的 串 請專 利 範 圍 5 . 【圖 式 簡 單 說 明 ] 第1 圖 係 底 部 立 體前 視 圖 0 第2 圖 係 頂 部 —Γ··· 1L 體前 視 圖 〇 第3 圖 至 第 6 圖 係本 發 明 一 剖 視側 視 圖 〇 第7 圖 至 第 1 0 圖 係本 發 明 另 裝 順序 的 局 部 剖 視 側視 圖 〇 [ 主要 部 分 之 代 表 付號 說 明 ] 9 軸 向 通 孔 10 插 入 件 11 凸 m 12 可 變 形 區/變 丨形 〉部 »分 13 螺 紋 部 分 15 頂 部 16 滾 花 17 凸 緣 18 螺 紋 說明顯而易見的，然而，本 及其等同物所限制。1224655 发明 Description of the invention: 1. [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a blind-hole nut-type insert which enters the sheet from only one side and is permanently installed in the sheet. More specifically, it is suitable for a fixed blind nut provided flush with cold deformation of metal received by a thin plate. 2 [Prior art] In the insert manufacturing industry, blind-hole nuts are a well-known insert that allows the thread to be provided to a thin plate such as a metal plate that is not deep and / or rigid enough to directly support the thread in the plate . This type of nut is referred to as a “piercing hole,” because it can only be applied when it enters one side of the sheet. Usually, the nut is clamped on the top of the flange and between the deformed convex or spherical part Between the thin plates, the flange top rests on one side of the thin plate, and the spherical portion abuts the other side of the thin plate. The diameter of the spherical portion abuts the end of the internal thread by screwing a compression tool spindle into the nut The reduced tubular nut is formed by deforming the middle tubular portion (hereinafter collectively referred to as a "deformable portion"). After the nut is installed, the mandrel is withdrawn from the nut to leave the nut / sheet assembly 'which is ready to receive a screw or bolt so that other parts can be fixed to the sheet. There are also some externally threaded blind hole inserts in which a permanent fixed stud replaces the mandrel as a means to apply a compressive load to the end of the insert. Due to the need to secure a mating threaded insert, the performance of a blind hole nut / thin plate assembly can be considered with two distinct axial strengths. The first consideration of axial strength is the clamping load capacity, which is a measure of the amount of axial load that can be applied when the mating threaded fastener is tightened. The clamping load capacity is a function of the thread pull-out strength and the support strength of the thread area. Considering the cross-sectional shape of the inserted -6- 1224655 pieces, the support strength is a combination of the shear strength of the sphere and the compressive strength of the deformable part in the sheet. The second axial strength consideration is the working load capacity, which is a measure of the load required to separate a fixed component from a thin plate with a countersink insert. Considering the cross-sectional shape of the inserted insert, the spheroid is the only element that prevents the insert from being pulled out of the sheet, and thus the workload capacity is simply the shear strength of the spheroid. Because the compressive strength of the deformed part does not have an additive effect on the working load, the working load capacity will always be less than the clamping load capacity. Another consideration is the type of installation tool that can be used. There are two basic types of tools for installing blind hole nuts: spin-draw tools and spin-spin tools. The spin / spin tool generates a compressive load in a foldable area of a rotating insert through a mating screw. Spin-spin tools are cheap, lightweight, and easy to assemble and use, so they are often preferred. Due to the limited upset forces that can be obtained, they cannot normally be used for mounting parts with thick walls. The spin-draw tool spins the mating thread into place and then applies an axial pull in the opposite direction before the spin to remove the thread from the nut. Spin-draw tools are more complex and therefore more expensive, and weigh more than spin-spin tools. They are also more difficult to assemble and require more maintenance. Therefore, the upset load or force required to form a thin plate to hold the spheroid often determines which of these two general-purpose installation tools can be used. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a blind-hole nut insert having a maximum working load capacity and an upset load that can be achieved by an upset force defined by a spin-spin type installation tool. The performance characteristics required for blind hole nuts are a large clamping range. That is, -7- 1224655 means ‘the ability of the same component to be fixed to thin plates of different thicknesses. In the following 'the term "clamping" will be used to denote the deformed part of the body, which is located in a thin plate hole between the first spherical part and the top of the insert. In some applications, it is necessary to align the countersunk nut flush with the entrance side of the sheet. This may require countersinking in the sheet to receive the top of the nut so that the top surface is flush with the front of the sheet. However, this is not desirable because drilling the countersink in the sheet requires additional processing. To overcome this problem, 'a person has designed a broached countersunk head nut that can provide flush fixation', where the nut head is replaced by a toothed serrated end, which makes the blind hole nut When a thin plate is required to be countersunk, it should be fixed to the workpiece in a non-rotating relationship. Such an insert is disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3,9 38,142, filed by McKay et al. To accommodate this type of broached nut, the cavity inside the nut receives an inwardly flattened deformable wall of material into the nut body. However, one of the problems with this type of fixing is that there is no rigid connection structure provided on the insert to prevent the insert from extruding from the sheet. If the ejection load and the broaching load are equal, it will cause the nut or insert to be pulled all the way through the hole of the thin plate and driven out. It is well known in the prior art that a self-tightening of a flush-mounted blind-hole nut can be used. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,2 15,02 6 issued by Davis discloses a self-clamping blind hole nut. Since the self-clamping type depends on the cold deformation of the deformed sheet metal, it requires a higher installation clamping load than the broaching type. As a result, this type of insert is limited to a relatively soft sheet metal material within the shear strength range of known blind hole nut materials and constructions. Try to increase the shear strength of the nut by increasing the strength of the nut material. -8- 1224655 Gives the installation tool a limited force against the rear side of the mounting plate to properly flatten the nut and advance. Furthermore, some people have tried to increase the clamping load strength of countersunk nuts without increasing the material strength. For example, U.S. Patent No. 2,3 24,1 42 issued by Eklund. The folded portion is provided with a second reinforced spherical portion. However, as disclosed, for rivet-type fixing that requires a larger workload to enter a harder metal plate, this structure requires the paired grooves to be applied to the outer surface of the crimped part of the nut body, and the surface It does not have the necessary shear strength of the spherical portion. It is also known that, in the area of the deformable portion of the blind hole nut, a weak area is formed by annealing to produce a reduced hardness area along the length of the deformable portion. When the insert is pressed, a spherical portion is formed in the annealed area. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,8,26,3,72 issued by Kendall discloses a method for changing the metallurgy of a blind hole nut of a product for the production of a spherical portion. Despite efforts in the field, this type of countersunk nut has not been produced, that is, it can be mounted flush with the entry side of the thin plate, and it can be mounted through a spin_spin tool and provides a wide grip range. For harder metal sheets, there is also a need to provide a fixed type nut with a spin-spin tool for mounting and a wide clamping range to fit it into sheets of different thicknesses. 3. [Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides a blind hole nut to meet the aforementioned needs in the art. The blind hole nut of the present invention has a relatively thin wall and an enlarged deformable screw body which can form a plurality of spherical portions. Several spherical portions can be formed by providing the inner or outer surface of the insert with external material in the deformable portion area of the screw body. Alternatively, a hardened convex ring can be selectively formed in the raw material of the deformable region through a heat treatment such as selective annealing-9 · 1224655. Due to the relatively thin wall thickness, the insert of the present invention can be mounted using a spin-spin tool and provides a wide clamping range. When the insert of the invention is installed, two spherical parts will be formed. According to this design, the diameter ratio of the first spherical portion in contact with the plate and the second supporting spherical portion formed adjacent to the thread end area is always the same or larger. Since two spherical portions are formed, the shear strength of the spherical portion will be four times the wall thickness, instead of only one spherical portion, the shear strength of the spherical portion will be twice the wall thickness. By controlling the axial positions of the plurality of spherical portions forming the feature of the present invention, the order of forming the plurality of spherical portions can be controlled. In many designs, the spherical portion of the adjoining sheet is formed first. In one embodiment, the compressive strength of the components in the thin plate mounting hole is reduced by increasing the gap between the outer diameter and the mounting hole. When a spherical portion adjoining the thin plate is formed, this interval causes the area to bend. The appearance of the initial bends encourages additional bends when the top is embedded. In another embodiment, the metal properties of a locally selected area of the insert can be changed by local hardening or local annealing, thereby providing a plurality of spherical portions that produce the properties of the insert. In another case, a reinforcing rib may be provided on the outer diameter of the component to form a local area of increased strength, so that spherical portions are formed on both sides of the flange, which will be further described herein. . More specifically, the present invention includes a threaded blind hole insert having a body with a through hole, one end of the body is a top, the other end is a threaded area of the through hole, an outer surface of the body and There is a tube wall between the through holes. The deformable part of the body is established by a region 1224655 which reduces the diameter axially along the outer surface of the body. The reinforced convex ring integrated with the body is located approximately in the middle of the area of reduced diameter. At this time, the convex ring has a large wall thickness, so that when the insert is clamped in the thin plate and pressed, the convex Spherical portions are formed on both sides of the ring. The insert also includes a flange abutting the bottom side of the top. The outer diameter of the flange is larger than the diameter of the body but smaller than the diameter of the top. The top includes knurled or other non-circular features, such as polygons. The insert is attached to a thin plate having a circular hole whose diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of a flange mounted in the circular hole. According to these dimensions, a substantially annular gap is left between the body and the side wall of the round hole. When the insert is pressed, two spherical portions are formed on both sides of the ring and a reaction force is generated on the rear side of the thin plate, thereby sandwiching the thin plate between the spherical portion and the top of the insert. The reaction force of the spherical part is sufficient to embed the top and knurl into the sheet, so that the final installation is flush with the front surface of the sheet. In another embodiment, the reinforcing convex ring may be replaced with a strip-shaped portion having a relatively large hardness, which is formed by heat-treating the insert. This can be achieved by annealing the deformable portions on both sides of the ribbon or by treating the ribbon region to create a harder region or by annealing the material on the opposite sides of the ribbon to soften the material in these regions. To reach. Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages. First, it increases the strength and upset load of the bulges against the wall thickness. Second, it allows the installed insert to be flush with the access side without the need for special holes. Third, it increases the torsional retention strength in the circular mounting hole, which will be explained further in this article. Finally, compared with blind hole inserts with larger wall thickness, the present invention increases the clamping range and increases the shear strength of the spheroid. For those skilled in the art of -11-1224655, other objects and advantages of the present invention will be well understood from the following drawings and description of the preferred embodiments. 4 [Embodiment] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the insert i 0 of the first embodiment of the present invention includes an axial through hole 9. The radial convex ring n integrated with the insert is located near the center of the deformable region 12 along the insert body, and the outer diameter of the deformable region is smaller than the outer diameter of the flange 17. The position of the convex ring n is slightly higher than that of the top portion 15 and close to the threaded portion 1 3 of the insert. The top 15 includes a knurling 16 commonly used on some well-known self-clamping inserts so that the knurling provides effective torsional strength when pressed into a workpiece. The knurling is hardened so that its hardness is greater than that of the workpiece. The flange 17 on the bottom side of the top 15 places the insert in the center of the mounting hole of the workpiece and leaves an annular gap between the body and the side wall of the hole. The axial length of the flange must be slightly less than the minimum thickness of the sheet so that the insert can fit in the sheet. '' Figures 3 to 6 show the installation sequence of buckling or buckling of the wall of the insert in the deformation zone and insertion of the knurled part at the top. First, referring to Fig. 3 ', the insert of Fig. 1 is shown assembled on a mounting tool 21 indicated by a broken line. The tool includes a threaded mandrel 23 extending into the insert. The tool also includes a nosepiece 2i with an end face which always abuts the top of the insert during installation. As shown in the figure, the flange 17 adjacent to the top of the insert is inserted into the mounting hole of the workpiece or sheet 20 'so that the insert is properly positioned in the center of the hole. The reinforcing convex ring 11 is located approximately at the center of the deformed portion 12 of the body. At the beginning of the installation process, the installation tool applies a tensile force to the mandrel that engages the threads 18 of the insert. 1224655 Now, see Figure 4 ’The tensile force of the tool loads the deformed part of the insert under pressure. In this figure, the first spherical portion 25 directly adjacent to the rear side of the sheet has been completely formed and the second spherical portion 26 is starting to form. Since the deformable part of the wall of uniform thickness is divided into two sections along its outer diameter by the convex ring 11 made of external material, the longer section has lower compressive strength, and it will become the first buckling or shrinking area . In this way, the order in which the spherical portions are formed can be controlled by the axial position of the convex ring of the external material. At this time, the first spherical portion 25 is not symmetrical with respect to the radial axis. Now, referring to Fig. 5, the installation tool continues to apply tension, and the second spherical portion 26 is almost completely formed. The deformed portion between the flange and the rear side of the sheet now has a normal radial shape. At this time, the knurled top 16 尙 is not embedded in the thin plate 20. Now referring to Fig. 6, the final installation stage of the embodiment is shown in the eyebrows. The increasing force exerted by the tool 21 makes the two spherical portions 25 and 26 completely close to each other, that is, the two surfaces previously located on the inner diameter of the deformed portion have moved axially to the point of close contact with each other. When each spherical part closes itself and the two spherical parts are close to each other, the two spherical parts suddenly have a great resistance to further deformation. When the force applied by the tool increases, the reaction force of the tool end against the top of the fastener exceeds the force required to insert the top of the knurl into the workpiece, plus the deformation of the body in the clamping portion equal to the total thickness Of force. Therefore, the top is fully embedded and the deformable part of the inner part of the clamping part is deformed, so that the curvature radius of the part against the back of the sheet is closer than that shown in Fig. 5. For this, a sufficient clearance between the outer diameter of the body and the installation of the sheet is necessary. This gap is provided by a -13- 1224655 diameter difference between the body and the flange which creates an annular gap between the side wall of the mounting hole and the body. The end of the tool, which is larger than the diameter of the knurled top 15 can be used as a rigid stop to prevent the drive from being embedded too deep to be flush with the front surface of the sheet. Now, the two spherical parts are substantially relative to a radial plane Symmetric and fully formed. The knurling 16 has been fully embedded in the sheet 20, and the installation process is completed. The formation of the two spherical portions as the above-mentioned key feature of the present invention can make the insert soft enough to deform, while providing sufficient resistance for the knurling to be fully embedded in the sheet. Although the preferred embodiment uses knurling to provide a torsional fixture, other methods such as non-circular top shapes or radial protrusions may be used. 7 to 10 show another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, unlike the previous embodiment, a plurality of spherical portions are formed by a convex ring of an outer material along the outer diameter of the body, but a belt portion having a hardness greater than that of the body material may be used instead. The larger hardness band 31 can selectively harden the band or first harden the entire insert, and then selectively anneal the rest of the band around the band to reduce its hardness. To build. In addition, this embodiment is similar to the previous embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 6 except that the area having a smaller outer diameter than the flange extends the entire length of the body. The thinner wall area of the body with the deformable portion is located between the flange and the threaded area, which is achieved by the difference in the inner diameter between the deformable area and the threaded area. The order of deformation is similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. As shown in Figure 7, the first step in the installation process is to screw the insert onto the mandrel 23 of the tool 'until the top of the insert abuts the tool end 2 1 and then insert the insert -14-1224655 The flange is inserted into the hole of the thin plate 20. Now referring to Figure 8, the installation tool applies increasing tension to the insert, and therefore, compresses the wall in the reduced diameter area. In this embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, the first spherical portion 35, which is closer to the thin plate 20, is formed first, and at this time, the second spherical portion 36 is starting to be formed. Also, the relatively stiff material strip 31 placed along the length of the deformed portion determines on which side of the strip 31 the spherical portion is formed first. Now referring to Fig. 9, the second spherical portion 36 produced in the formation of the second embodiment is now substantially completely formed. The configuration of the body wall in the area of reduced diameter between the central flange and the rear side of the sheet 20 assumes a generally radial shape. At this time, it should be noted that the knurled top 16 尙 does not start to be embedded in the thin plate 20. Figure 10 shows the final steps of the installation process. When the pulling force of the installation tool is increased so that the two spherical parts are completely formed and the knurled top 16 is completely embedded in the thin plate 20, the force exerted by the tool continuously increases, causing the two deformed parts to fully come together and become relative A radial plane is roughly symmetrical. As in the above embodiment, the wall deformation of the insert in the mounting hole of the thin plate results in a closer radius or action distance to the rear side of the thin plate 20, such as the distance shown in FIG. This can be achieved by the distance between the diameter of the mounting hole of the sheet and the outer diameter of the body provided by the flange. As in the previous embodiment, the end 2 1 of the tool provides a knurled top 16 that is fixed flush to the front side of the sheet 20. From the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the objects of the present invention have been achieved. The threaded countersunk hole insert of the present invention provides a controlled continuous deformation of the fastener which allows the knurled top to be flushed into place, -15-1224655, into a relatively hard workpiece or sheet. It should be understood that various other changes or modifications can be made to the present invention. Based on the above description, these modifications or modifications are invented by those skilled in the art only by the following patent scope. [Schematic description of the drawings] FIG. 1 The bottom three-dimensional front view 0 The second figure The top—Γ ... 1L body front view. The third figure to the sixth figure are cross-sectional side views of the present invention. The seventh figure to the tenth figure are separately installed in the present invention. Sequential partial cross-section side view 〇 [Description of representative numbers of main parts] 9 Axial through-hole 10 Insert 11 Convex m 12 Deformable area / deformation> part »Sub 13 Threaded part 15 Top 16 Knurled 17 Convex The edge 18 thread description is obvious, however, this and its equivalents are limited.
系列插入件安裝順序的局部 貫施例的一系列插入件安Part of the installation sequence of a series of inserts
20 工件/薄板 21 安裝工具/工具端部 螺紋心軸 23 1224655 25 第一球狀部分 26 第二球狀部分 3 1 帶狀部 3 5 第一球狀部分 3 6 第二球狀部分20 Workpiece / sheet 21 Mounting tool / tool end Threaded mandrel 23 1224655 25 First spherical part 26 Second spherical part 3 1 Banded part 3 5 First spherical part 3 6 Second spherical part
-17--17-