593909 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（1 ) 本發明係有關於一種應用於土木結構物之半主動蓄壓 式油壓阻尼消能裝置，尤指一種使用蓄壓器提供液壓油溢 流機制而達到消能效果，並將吸收之能量蓄存起來，且不 需精密的控制即可達到最佳消能減震效果之應用於土木結 構之應用於土木結構物之半主動蓄壓式油壓阻尼消能装置 者。 按，一般爲避免如強風、地震或機械設備本身引起之 晃動及震動等擾動對結構物造成影響或傷害，除使用傳統 之耐震設計外，現今已廣泛採用以人爲方式改變結構物固 有之動力性質，以提高或減少結構物自振頻率及提高結構 消能力而達到減震效果之結構控制方法，來降低震動對結 構物所可能產生之傷害及影響。 而依據減震原理，可以將常見的方法及其特色分述如 下： JL隔震：在結構物與其基礎〔如基樁或基礎結構〕之間装 置一中介層，該中介層通常有勁度小、容許伸縮量大等 特性β因此，此中介層允許結構物與基礎之間發生極大 〔數十公分到數公尺〕的相對位移，藉此將藉地表介質 傳來的地震能量隔絶於中介層之下，而結構物的震動量 極其微小。隔震之作用原理在於改變結構物與基礎之間 的互制效應，降低結構系統的基本自振頻率。如中華民 國專利公告號：364〇32之「避震裝置」，即爲一例，隔震 技術之主要限制爲：若結構物本身爲長週期結構，或者 結構物靠近斷層，則隔震係數顯著受損，結構物之減震 2 本紙張尺度適用> 國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 一 ---------------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593909 A7 ___ B7 五、發明說明（2 ) 成效不彰，甚至對結構物造成不期的傷害。 2·主動控制法：主動控制首先監測結構物即時的振動狀態， 收集結構物的位移、速度或加速度訊號，經過判别程序 後決定控制力的大小，由一容量大且頻率響應快的出力 機構對結構物施加前述控制力。因此主動控制法須要大 量的振動感應器、訊號收集器、線上工作的電腦、伺服 控制器以及精密致動器等，爲有效但昂贵的減震方法。 例如，中華民國專利公告號：27383〇之「建築物震動抑 制機構」，乃在結構物頂樓或其他樓層放置可滑動質量 塊’並使用高效率伺服馬達主動地故變控制力β由於主 動控制法需要不間斷的能量維持系統之正常運作，然而 大地震發生時，經常伴随著電力的中斷，所以主動控制 法有可靠性低的缺點❶此外，控制系統必須有精密的振 動反應量測，以及反應夠快的施力機制，否則可能發生 不穩定現象。因此到目前爲止，主動控制法仍未眞正應 用於地震減震用途。 3·被動控制法：相對於上述主動控制法，被動控制法不須 要控制能量供給，亦不須要監測結構物振動反應，一旦 安装完畢，被動控制機構可以自動發生作用。被動控制 法依其作用原理又可分爲：互制減震與消能減震兩種。 互制減震乃在結構物上安置一相對於結構物而言很輊的 次振動系統，通常該次振動系統具有與結構物相同或接 近的自振頻率，因此能夠對結構物產生制振力量。例如 中華民國專利公告號：341634之「楷調質量減震器」即 3 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --------!#l·------訂---------線 _ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 593909 A7 B7 五、發明說明（3 ) 爲一例，它的質量通常小於結構物本身質量的百分之一， 安裝於高樓建築之頂樓或長跨距橋樑，可以減少細長結 構物在風力作用下的振動反應。其主要缺點爲，事先必 須對控制結構物作精密的識别，以達到諧調的目的，否 則減震效果必然不佳。其次如中華民國專利公告號： 361485「強化式之防震消能装置」爲以消能爲手段達到 減震目的的裝置。它利用鋼板在塑性變形時的遲滞行爲 消散結構物因地震引起的運動能，具有穩定與償廉的優 點。然而鋼板在進行往復式的塑性變形時，極易發生低 循環疲勞破壞，所以必須維護，且通常不能用於風力及 中小地震之減震應用中。又如中華民國專利公告號： 316283之「應用於土木建築結構之封閉式液流阻尼器」， 乃利用於封閉容器内的流體快速流動所引起的黏滯阻力 對結構物施加負功，達到減震的目的。該阻尼器不但能 夠減少位移反應，也能減少加速度的反應，並且不會留 下殘餘變形β其最大的缺點在於，若結構物的自振頻率 過低，則阻力不足以發生明顯的消能效果。 4·半主動控制法：半主動控制法具有主動控制法的可調適 性，並具有被動控制法的可靠性與低耗能性。半主動控 制法通常由被動控制法改良而成，例如中華民國專利公 告號：339396之「具有連續的力控制的半主動阻尼器」 以及346524之「槓桿式摩擦阻力可變装置」等皆屬之。 以339396號之「具有連績的力控制的半主動阻尼器」爲 例，該阻尼器由前述之液流阻尼器改良而來，結構動力 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593909 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 Β7 五、發明說明（4 ) 專家的研究結果顯示，阻尼器的阻尼係數不一定越大越 好，有時較小的阻尼力可以促使於適當時機發生更大的 消能效應，並可用於大中小型地震及風力作用下的結構。 該阻尼器偵測結構反應，並使用兩個猜密控制的比例閥 或流量控制閥調整阻尼器的出力，達到連績的力量控制。 這等機構雖然不須要能量的供應，但是精密閥類及相關 電源控制器的償格昂贵，使其成本具高不下。再者，若 以減少位移反應爲主要目的，實在沒有必要進行連績的 調控。因此本發明及提出同爲液壓式的半主動阻尼器， 它不須要精密的控制，卻可發揮與主動控制法類似的減 震效果。 以上説明可得到如下結論： J·主動控制法爲效果最爲良好的減震方法，但是施作及營 運成本太高及穗定性問題尚待解決，因此其應用實例反 而最少，且尚未眞應用於耐震之領域。 么隔震技術適用於自振週期較短之中、矮結構物以及古蹟 之保護。對於長週期結構或近斷層結構之減震，隔震技 術並不適用。 &被動控制法的主要缺點爲，不能同時滿足強烈及中小型 地震或風力作用下的減震要求，因此有半主動控制的發 展。但是目前習用的半主動控制機構難脱主動控制之思 想模式，仍然強調連續性控制及最佳化控制理論β影響 所及，多需要精密控制的伺服控制器以及精密的振動感 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210x 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)593909 A7 B7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to a semi-active pressure accumulating hydraulic damping energy dissipation device applied to civil structures, especially a pressure accumulating device The device provides the hydraulic oil overflow mechanism to achieve the energy dissipating effect, and stores the absorbed energy, and can achieve the best energy dissipating and damping effect without requiring precise control. Applied to civil structures, applied to civil structures Semi-active accumulator type hydraulic damping energy dissipator. In general, in order to avoid disturbances such as strong winds, earthquakes, or shaking and vibration caused by the mechanical equipment itself, to affect or damage the structure, in addition to using the traditional earthquake-resistant design, human-made changes to the inherent power of the structure have been widely used today. Nature, in order to increase or decrease the natural frequency of the structure and increase the structure's ability to reduce the vibration to achieve the effect of structural control, to reduce the possible damage and impact of vibration on the structure. According to the principle of vibration reduction, the common methods and their characteristics can be described as follows: JL isolation: install an intermediary layer between the structure and its foundation (such as a foundation pile or foundation structure), which usually has a small stiffness, Characteristics such as large allowable expansion and contraction β Therefore, this interlayer allows a relatively large [tens of centimeters to several meters] relative displacement between the structure and the foundation, thereby isolating seismic energy transmitted through the surface medium from the interlayer. Down, and the amount of vibration of the structure is extremely small. The principle of isolation is to change the interaction between the structure and the foundation and reduce the basic natural frequency of the structural system. For example, the "Suspension Device" of the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No. 36403 is an example. The main limitation of the isolation technology is: if the structure itself is a long-period structure, or the structure is close to a fault, the isolation coefficient is significantly affected. Damage, structural shock absorption 2 This paper is applicable to the size of the paper> National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) I -------------------- -Order --------- line (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 593909 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of Invention (2) The results are not good, It can even cause unexpected damage to structures. 2. Active control method: Active control first monitors the real-time vibration state of the structure, collects the displacement, velocity, or acceleration signals of the structure, determines the size of the control force after the discrimination procedure, and a large-capacity and fast-frequency output mechanism The structure exerts the aforementioned control force. Therefore, the active control method requires a large number of vibration sensors, signal collectors, computers working online, servo controllers, and precision actuators. It is an effective but expensive method of damping. For example, the "Building Vibration Suppression Mechanism" of the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No. 27383〇 places a slidable mass on the top or other floors of a structure and uses a high-efficiency servo motor to actively change the control force β due to the active control method Uninterrupted energy is required to maintain the normal operation of the system. However, when a large earthquake occurs, power is often interrupted. Therefore, the active control method has the disadvantage of low reliability. In addition, the control system must have precise vibration response measurement and response. Fast enough force application mechanism, otherwise instability may occur. So far, the active control method has not yet been applied to earthquake damping applications. 3. Passive control method: Compared with the above-mentioned active control method, the passive control method does not need to control the energy supply, nor does it need to monitor the structural vibration response. Once installed, the passive control mechanism can automatically function. The passive control method can be further divided into two types: mutual damping and energy dissipation. Inter-vibration damping is to place a secondary vibration system on the structure that is very stingy relative to the structure. Usually the secondary vibration system has the same or close to the natural frequency of the structure, so it can generate vibration damping force on the structure. . For example, the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No .: 341634, "Kidson Quality Shock Absorber", which is 3 paper sizes applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) --------! # L · ------ Order --------- Line_ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 593909 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) is an example, its quality is usually less than the structure One percent of the mass of the object itself, installed on the top floor of a high-rise building or a long-span bridge, can reduce the vibration response of slender structures under the action of wind. The main disadvantage is that the control structure must be accurately identified in advance to achieve the purpose of harmony, otherwise the shock absorption effect will be poor. Secondly, the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No .: 361485 "Enhanced Anti-vibration and Energy Dissipation Device" is a device that achieves the purpose of reducing vibration by dissipating energy. It uses the hysteresis behavior of the steel plate during plastic deformation to dissipate the kinetic energy of the structure due to the earthquake, and has the advantages of stability and compensation. However, steel plates are prone to low-cycle fatigue damage during reciprocating plastic deformation, so they must be maintained and usually cannot be used for wind and medium and small earthquakes. Another example is the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No .: 316283 "closed liquid flow damper applied to civil construction structures", which uses the viscous resistance caused by the rapid flow of fluid in a closed container to apply negative work to the structure to reduce the The purpose of the earthquake. The damper can not only reduce the displacement response, but also reduce the acceleration response, and does not leave residual deformation β. Its biggest disadvantage is that if the natural frequency of the structure is too low, the resistance is not sufficient to produce a significant energy dissipation effect. . 4. Semi-active control method: The semi-active control method has the adaptability of the active control method, and has the reliability and low energy consumption of the passive control method. The semi-active control method is usually improved from the passive control method, such as the "Semi-active damper with continuous force control" of the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No. 339396 and the "lever-type frictional resistance variable device" of 346524. . Take 339396 "Semi-active damper with continuous force control" as an example. This damper is improved from the aforementioned liquid flow damper. Structural dynamics 4 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order --------- Printed by the Consumers 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 593909 Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy System A7 B7 5. Invention description (4) The research results of the experts show that the damping coefficient of the damper is not necessarily as large as possible, and sometimes a smaller damping force can promote a larger energy dissipation effect at an appropriate time and can be used for Structures affected by large, medium and small earthquakes and wind. The damper detects the structural response and uses two guess-controlled proportional valves or flow control valves to adjust the output of the damper to achieve continuous power control. Although these institutions do not require energy supply, the compensation of precision valves and related power controllers is expensive, making them costly. Furthermore, if the main purpose is to reduce displacement response, it is really unnecessary to adjust the continuous performance. Therefore, the present invention and the proposed semi-active damper, which are also hydraulic, do not require precise control, but can exert a shock-absorbing effect similar to the active control method. The above explanations can be concluded as follows: J. Active control method is the most effective method of shock absorption, but the application and operating costs are too high and the problem of qualitative spikes has yet to be resolved. Therefore, its application examples are the fewest and have not yet been applied. Earthquake-resistant fields. Modular isolation technology is suitable for the protection of short, medium and short structures and monuments. For long-period structures or near-fault structures, seismic isolation technology is not applicable. The main disadvantage of the & passive control method is that it cannot meet the requirements for vibration reduction under strong and small and medium earthquakes or wind, so there is a development of semi-active control. However, the currently used semi-active control mechanism is difficult to get rid of the active control thinking mode, and it still emphasizes the continuous control and the optimization control theory β impact. Most of the servo controllers that require precise control and precise vibration are required. China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x 297 public love) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
經濟部智慧財在局員工消費合作社印製 593909 A7Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs' Smart Money at the Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives 593909 A7
五、發明說明（5 ) 測儀器，所以造償與主動控制機構相當。 緣是，發明人有鑑於此，秉持多年之學術研究及實務 經驗，而提供一種應用於土木結構物之半主動蓄壓式油壓 阻尼消能裝置，以在不需精密控制下發揮與主動控制法類 似之減震效果，而能解決上述消能減震之裝置及方法的缺 點者。 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種應用於土木結構物之 半主動蓄壓式油壓阻尼消能装置，係由阻尼器配合油壓迴 珞、蓄愿器及油箱所構成，該阻尼器之缸體内組設有活塞 及含有液壓油，且活塞上固接活塞桿，而缸體之底端組接 在結構物之下支點，並令活塞桿之另端組接在結構物之上 支點，而油壓迴路可令阻尼器分别藉由第一與第二油路透 過方向控制閥與蓄壓器及油箱連結，且方向控制閥可由震 動感應器偵測震動大小及震動方向控制其切換；藉此，可 依照結構物受震力之運動狀態，而計算阻尼器應提供之最 佳阻尼力後發出控制訊號，由方向控制閥調節蓄壓器内液 壓油之流向，即可藉由方向控制閥之閥位切換，而隨時調 適用最佳阻尼力，以得到最佳之減震效果，並獲得設置成 本低但可靠性高之油壓阻尼消能装置者。 爲使本發明使用之技術手段、發明特徵、達成目的與 功效易於明白了解，茲配合圖式及圖號詳細説明如下： 【參照圖式】 第一圖·•本發明之系統迴路示意圖 第二圖：本發明之設置狀態示意圖 6 張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)Ai^ (210 X 297公爱)-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)5. Description of the invention (5) The measuring instrument is equivalent to the active control mechanism. The reason is that the inventor has taken this into account and, based on years of academic research and practical experience, provides a semi-active pressure-storage type hydraulic damping energy dissipation device for civil structures, in order to exert and actively control without precise control. The method has similar shock absorbing effects, but can solve the disadvantages of the above-mentioned energy absorbing and damping device and method. The main object of the present invention is to provide a semi-active pressure-storage type hydraulic damping energy dissipation device applied to civil structures, which is composed of a damper combined with a hydraulic pressure loop, a reservoir and a fuel tank. The cylinder body of the damper The inner group is provided with a piston and contains hydraulic oil, and the piston rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and the bottom end of the cylinder is connected to the fulcrum below the structure, and the other end of the piston rod is connected to the fulcrum above the structure, and The hydraulic circuit enables the damper to be connected to the pressure accumulator and the fuel tank through the first and second oil passages through the directional control valve, and the directional control valve can detect the magnitude of the vibration and the direction of the vibration to control its switching; According to the movement state of the structure subjected to the shock force, the control signal is issued after calculating the optimal damping force that the damper should provide, and the direction of the hydraulic oil in the accumulator is adjusted by the directional control valve. The valve position is switched, and the optimal damping force is adjusted at any time to obtain the best shock absorption effect, and to obtain a hydraulic damping energy dissipation device with low installation cost but high reliability. In order to make the technical means, the features, the purpose and the effect of the present invention easy to understand, the detailed description with the drawings and numbers is as follows: [Refer to the drawings] First diagram · • System circuit diagram of the present invention Second diagram : Schematic diagram of the setting state of the present invention 6 scales are applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Ai ^ (210 X 297 public love)-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
593909 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7_— _ 五、發明說明（6 ) 第三圖：本發明之設置狀態實施例示意圖 第四圖：本發明之阻尼器實施例示意圖(一） 第五圖：本發明之阻尼器實施例示意圖㈡ 第六圖：本發明之方向控制閥實施例示意圖 第七圖：本發明之作動狀態示意圖㈠ 第八圖·•本發明之作動狀態示意圖㈡ 第九圖：本發明之另一實施例系統迴路示意圖㈠ 第十圖：本發明之另一實施例系統迴路示意圖㈡ 第十一圖：本發明之另一實施例系统迴路示意圖㈢ 第十二圖·•本發明之另一實施例系統迴路示意圖㈣ 第十三圖：本發明之另一實施例系統迴路示意圖㈤ 第十四圖：本發明之另一實施例系统迴路示意圖㈥ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)593909 Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 __ _ V. Description of the invention (6) The third picture: a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, the fourth diagram: the embodiment of the damper of the present invention (a) Fig. 5: Schematic diagram of the embodiment of the damper of the present invention ㈡ Fig. 6: Schematic diagram of the directional control valve of the present invention. Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of the operating state of the present invention ㈠ Fig. 8 · • Schematic diagram of the operating state of the present invention ㈡ Ninth Figure: Schematic diagram of a system circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention ㈠ Tenth diagram: Schematic diagram of a system circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention ㈡ Figure 11: Schematic diagram of a system circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention ㈢ Twelfth Figure · •• Schematic diagram of the system circuit of another embodiment of the present invention ㈣ Figure 13: Schematic diagram of the system circuit of another embodiment of the present invention ㈤ 14th diagram: Schematic diagram of the system circuit of another embodiment of the present invention ㈥ (Please read the note on the back first (Fill in this page again)
【參照圖號】 (10) 結構物 (101) 上支點 (102) 下支點 (1) 阻尼器 (11) 缸體 (111) 接頭 (12) 活塞 (13) 活塞桿 (131) 接頭 (2) 油壓迴路 (21) 第一主油路 (211) 副油路 (22) 第二主油路 (221) 副油路 (23) 迺油油路 (231) 文油路 (232) 支油路 (233) 逆止閥 (234) 逆止閥 (241) 左閥位 (242) 右閥位 (243) 中間閥位 7 ¥紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21G X 297公髮) 593909 A7 五、發明說明（7 ) (24) 方向控制閥 （244) 逆止閥 (25) 並聯油路 （26) 溢流閥 (3) 蓄壓器 （4) 油箱 首先，請參閲第一圖所示，本發明係由阻尼器（D配合 油壓迴路（2)、蓄壓器（3)及油箱U)所構成，且阻尼器（1) 係設置組接在結構物（10)上受外力擾動時會發生相對運動 之上、下支點（101)、（1〇2)間〔如第二、三圖所示〕，該結 構物（10)可爲建築結構物及其他具有揪動問題之重型結構 與設備；其中： 該阻尼器（1)，可爲雙向作用或如第四圖所示之油壓缸 型式，而由缸體（11)、活塞（I2)及活塞桿（13)所組成；該 缸體（11)之底端具設接頭（111)供組接在結構物（1{))之下支 點（1〇2)上，而缸體（1)内含有液壓油並供活塞（1Ζ)組設其 内，且活塞（I2)上固接活塞桿（I3)，而活塞桿（13)一端仲 出缸體（π)外，並以接頭（m)供組接在結構物（10)之上支 點（101)上； 該油壓迴路（2)，係包含第一、第二主油路（21)、（22) 及迴油油路（23)，而第一、第二主油路（δ1)、（a)之一端 連結在阻尼器（1)之缸體（11)兩端，而第一與第二油路 (21)、（22)另端係連結在一方向控制閥（Μ)上，以令第一 與第二主油路(21)、（22)需透過方向控制閥（24)與蓄壓器（3) 與油箱U)連結；該方向控制閥（Μ)可爲四〇三位置之電磁 閥，而分爲左、右閥位（241)、（Mg)及中間閥位（243),且 方向控制閥（24)可由震動感應器〔圖中未示〕偵測震動大 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)· 訂. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 8 593909 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8 ) 小及方向後控制各閥位之切換，以改變蓄壓器（3)與阻尼器 (1)壓力室之通路方向’而改變阻尼器之出力方向及大小； 而迴油油路（23)—端係連結至油箱U〉，而另端則分支成兩 支油路（231)、（232)後連結至阻尼器（1)之缸體（11)兩端， 並在兩支油路（231)、（232)上具設逆止閥（233)、（234)， 而限制液壓油僅能由油箱U)流入缸體（11)内，卻無法經由 支油路（231)、（232)回流至油箱（4);另，該方向控制閥（24) 亦可如第六圖所示之中立止型式； 該蓄壓器（3)，其内供儲存液壓油並維持一初始壓力； 該油箱U)，提供常壓，亦可爲密封加壓油箱或低壓蓄 壓器，以提昇油壓系統之基準壓，而提高油壓系統内液壓 油之飽和度，增加系統效能。 本發明在實施而設置結構物（10)中時，可藉由震動感 應器偵測阻尼器（1)兩端接頭（111)、（m)所接結構物支點 (1〇2)與（101)之相對運動速度。若速度爲正，代表文點（102) 與（101)間之距離在增加中，反之在縮短中。如果結構文點 (101)、（1〇2)間距在增加中，則儘量使阻尼器之力量最大 〔拉力最大〕；反之若結構支點（101)、（1〇2)間距在縮短中， 則儘量使阻尼器之力量最小〔壓力最大〕。而當結構物（1〇) 受力外擾動而在兩結構支點（101)、（1〇2)間發生變形時， 可使用電腦偵測結構物（10)之運動狀態，依照特定之控制 律计算阻尼器（1)應提供的最佳阻尼力，並由電腦發出控制 訊號，以藉由切換方向控制閥（24)調節蓄壓器（3)内液壓油 之流向；當結構文點(101)、（1〇2)間之間距在增加中，即 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2Ϊ0 X 297公£ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)[Refer to the drawing number] (10) Structure (101) Upper fulcrum (102) Lower fulcrum (1) Damper (11) Cylinder (111) Joint (12) Piston (13) Piston rod (131) Joint (2) Hydraulic circuit (21) First main oil circuit (211) Sub oil circuit (22) Second main oil circuit (221) Sub oil circuit (23) Emu oil circuit (231) Wen oil circuit (232) Branch oil circuit (233) Check valve (234) Check valve (241) Left valve position (242) Right valve position (243) Middle valve position 7 ¥ Paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21G X 297) 593909 A7 V. Description of the invention (7) (24) Direction control valve (244) Check valve (25) Parallel oil circuit (26) Relief valve (3) Pressure accumulator (4) Fuel tank First, please refer to the first As shown in the figure, the present invention is composed of a damper (D combined with a hydraulic circuit (2), an accumulator (3), and a fuel tank U), and the damper (1) is arranged and connected to a structure (10). When it is disturbed by external force, relative movement will occur between the upper and lower fulcrum points (101) and (102) (as shown in the second and third figures). The structure (10) may be a building structure and other structures Problematic heavy structure and equipment; of which: the resistance The nipple (1) can be a double-acting or hydraulic cylinder type as shown in the fourth figure, and consists of a cylinder block (11), a piston (I2) and a piston rod (13); the cylinder block (11) The bottom end is provided with a joint (111) for assembly to the fulcrum (102) below the structure (1 {), and the cylinder (1) contains hydraulic oil and is provided for the piston (1Z) to be assembled therein. The piston rod (I2) is fixedly connected to the piston rod (I3), and one end of the piston rod (13) goes out of the cylinder (π), and is connected to the fulcrum above the structure (10) with a joint (m) ( 101) above; the hydraulic circuit (2) includes the first and second main oil circuits (21), (22) and the return oil circuit (23), and the first and second main oil circuits (δ1) One end of (a) is connected to both ends of the cylinder (11) of the damper (1), and the other ends of the first and second oil paths (21) and (22) are connected to a directional control valve (M). So that the first and second main oil circuits (21) and (22) need to be connected to the accumulator (3) and the fuel tank U) through a directional control valve (24); the directional control valve (M) may be 40%. Three-position solenoid valve, divided into left and right valve positions (241), (Mg) and middle valve position (243), and direction control The valve (24) can be detected by a vibration sensor [not shown] (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). Order. Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives 8 593909 Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Bureau A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Control the switching of each valve position after small and direction to change the direction of the pressure chamber (3) and damper (1) pressure chamber's to change the damper The direction and magnitude of the output force; and the return oil circuit (23)-the end is connected to the fuel tank U>, and the other end is branched into two oil circuits (231), (232) and connected to the cylinder of the damper (1) The two ends of the body (11) are provided with check valves (233) and (234) on the two oil passages (231) and (232), and the hydraulic oil is restricted to flow from the fuel tank U) into the cylinder body (11) Inside, but can not return to the fuel tank (4) through the branch oil lines (231), (232); In addition, the directional control valve (24) can also be in the neutral type as shown in the sixth figure; the pressure accumulator (3 ), Which is used to store hydraulic oil and maintain an initial pressure; the oil tank U) provides normal pressure, and can also be a sealed pressurized oil tank or a low-pressure storage tank. In order to increase the reference pressure of the hydraulic system, the pressure increase the saturation of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system and increase the system efficiency. When the present invention is implemented in the structure (10), the vibration sensor can be used to detect the fulcrum (101) and (101) of the structure connected to the damper (1) at both ends of the joint (111) and (m). ) Relative speed of movement. If the speed is positive, it means that the distance between the points (102) and (101) is increasing, otherwise it is shortening. If the distance between the structural text points (101) and (102) is increasing, try to maximize the strength of the damper (the pulling force is the largest); otherwise, if the structural fulcrum (101) and (102) distance is shortening, then Minimize the force of the damper [maximum pressure]. When the structure (10) is deformed between the two structural fulcrum points (101) and (102) by external force, a computer can be used to detect the movement state of the structure (10) and follow a specific control law. Calculate the optimal damping force that the damper (1) should provide, and send a control signal from the computer to adjust the direction of the hydraulic oil in the accumulator (3) by switching the direction control valve (24); ), (102) The distance between them is increasing, that is, 9 paper sizes are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2Ϊ0 X 297 Kg (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
----I--訂·----111 ^^ I Φ, 593909 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明說明（9 ) 可如第七圖所示將方向控制閥（24)往左推，而使右閥位（243) 作動，使油缸（11)側之第二主油路（22)與蓄壓器（3)連通， 以令右側之液壓油瞬間增壓，立刻發生可觀的運動阻力， 並在結構物支點（101)、（1〇2)間之間距在增加的過程中蓄 油於蓄壓器（3)内，再次增加；反之，如結構支點（101)、（102) 間之間距在縮短中，則如第八圖所示方向控制閥（24)向右 椎，而使左閥位（242)作動，使油缸（11)左側之第一主油路 U1)與蓄壓器（3)連通，以令左側之液壓油瞬間增壓，立刻 發生可觀的運動阻力，並在結構物支點（1〇1)、（102)間之 間距在縮短的過程中蓄油於蓄壓器（3)内，再次增加；如此， 即可藉由方向控制閥（24)之閥位變換，而令阻尼器（1)在遇 震動時對結構物（10)隨時調適出最佳之阻尼力，以得到最 佳之減震效果6 而在結構物（10)靜止不動時，蓄壓器（3)之壓力可以保 持而不必對結構物（10)施力〔如第一圖所示之狀態〕，可以 在外力來臨時’瞬間產生大量的控制力6 又，本發明之油壓迴路（2)可如第九圖所示，令第一與 第一主油路（21)、（22)分别透過兩組内含逆止閥（244)之方 向控制閥（24)與蓄壓器（3)或油箱（4)適時切換連結，而方 向控制閥（244)均分别連通至油箱u)與缸體（11)兩端。 而本發明之油壓迴路（2)更可如第十圖所示，令第一與 第一主油路（21)、（22)分别透過兩組内含逆止閥（Μ4)之方 向控制閥（24)與蓄壓器（3)或油箱（4)連結後，再於第一與 第一主油路（21)、（22)旁設一副油路（211)、（221)連通 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 0 訂---------線」 10 593909 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（10 ) 油箱U)及蓄壓器（3)，並在副油路（211)、（221)上設置溢 流閥（26)，而在半主動訊號因故無法運作時，藉由溢流閥（26) 所預設之崩潰壓力，而使阻尼器（1)具有被動消能之功能與 效果，而確保結構物安全。 再者，本發明之油壓迴路（2)上亦可如第十一圖所示， 將溢流閥（26)設置在阻尼器（D兩端與油箱（4)連通之油路 上，或如第十二圖所示，將溢流閥（26)單獨設置在蓄壓器（3) 與油箱U)間之連結油路上，而維持阻尼器（D使用之安全 性。 另，本發明之阻尼器亦可如第五圖所示，將缸體（11) 設計爲三個容室，以分别作爲油箱、蓄壓器及供活塞容置 組設之壓力室，以節省設置空間者。 再者，本發明亦可實施於第十三、十四圖所示之兩種 不同型式之雙向作用油壓缸者。 本發明之蓄壓器亦可使用可提供固定壓力之定壓式蓄 壓器〔如重力式蓄壓器〕以提高系統之穩定度。 藉由以上實施説明可知，本發明提出的阻尼器之活塞 爲完全活塞，當活塞受迫移動時，趨使受壓迫侧之液壓油 壓力升高，並流向蓄壓器，因此蓄壓器内的壓力與阻尼器 受壓迫側之壓力相等，蓄壓器的壓力可以輕易地導向阻尼 器活塞任一側，主動造成活塞兩側之壓力差，充分地應用 以被動方式生產的能量，發揮更佳的阻尼效果；此外，本 發明更具有如下特點； L本發明使用簡單的開關式控制律及控制器，故硬體需求 11 本紙張尺度適用+國國家標準（chs)A4規格⑽X 297 ~ --- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)---- I--Order · ---- 111 ^^ I Φ, 593909 A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 V. Description of the invention (9) The direction control valve can be shown in the seventh figure (24) Push to the left, and actuate the right valve position (243), so that the second main oil circuit (22) on the side of the oil cylinder (11) communicates with the accumulator (3), so that the hydraulic oil on the right is instantaneously pressurized Considerable movement resistance occurs immediately, and the distance between the structural fulcrum points (101) and (102) increases in the accumulator (3) during the increase and increases again; otherwise, such as the structural fulcrum ( The distance between 101) and (102) is shortening. As shown in the eighth figure, the directional control valve (24) is directed to the right vertebra, and the left valve position (242) is actuated, so that the first master on the left side of the cylinder (11) The oil path U1) communicates with the pressure accumulator (3), so that the hydraulic oil on the left side is instantaneously pressurized, a considerable movement resistance occurs immediately, and the distance between the structural fulcrum (101) and (102) is shortened. In the process, the oil is stored in the pressure accumulator (3) and increased again; in this way, the valve position of the directional control valve (24) can be changed, so that the damper (1) can damage the structure in the event of vibration. 10) Adjust the best damping force at any time to obtain the best shock absorption effect. 6 When the structure (10) is stationary, the pressure of the pressure accumulator (3) can be maintained without applying pressure to the structure (10). Force [state as shown in the first figure], a large amount of control force can be generated instantaneously when an external force comes 6 and the hydraulic circuit (2) of the present invention can be shown in the ninth figure to make the first and the first The main oil circuits (21) and (22) are switched and connected with the accumulator (3) or the fuel tank (4) in a timely manner through two sets of directional control valves (24) containing check valves (244), and the directional control valves ( 244) are respectively connected to the fuel tank u) and the cylinder block (11) at both ends. The hydraulic circuit (2) of the present invention can further control the directions of the first and first main oil circuits (21), (22) through two groups of check valves (M4), as shown in the tenth figure. After the valve (24) is connected to the accumulator (3) or the fuel tank (4), a pair of auxiliary oil passages (211) and (221) are provided beside the first and first main oil passages (21) and (22). (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 0 Order --------- line "10 593909 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 V. Invention Description (10) Fuel Tank U) and Pressure accumulator (3), and an overflow valve (26) is set on the auxiliary oil circuit (211), (221), and when the semi-active signal cannot be operated for some reason, it is preset by the overflow valve (26) The collapse pressure makes the damper (1) have the function and effect of passive energy dissipation, and ensures the safety of the structure. Furthermore, the oil pressure circuit (2) of the present invention may also be provided with an overflow valve (26) on the oil circuit of the damper (D ends communicating with the oil tank (4), as shown in Fig. 11), or as As shown in the twelfth figure, the relief valve (26) is separately installed on the connecting oil path between the pressure accumulator (3) and the fuel tank U) to maintain the safety of the damper (D. In addition, the damping of the present invention As shown in the fifth figure, the cylinder body (11) can be designed into three storage chambers, which are used as the fuel tank, the accumulator, and the pressure chamber for the piston accommodation group to save installation space. The present invention can also be implemented in two different types of two-acting hydraulic cylinders shown in Figures 13 and 14. The pressure accumulator of the present invention can also use a constant pressure accumulator that can provide a fixed pressure [ Such as a gravity-type accumulator] to improve the stability of the system. According to the above description, the piston of the damper proposed by the present invention is a complete piston. When the piston is forced to move, the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the pressure side tends to rise. High and flows to the accumulator, so the pressure in the accumulator is equal to the pressure on the pressure side of the damper The pressure of the accumulator can be easily directed to either side of the piston of the damper, actively causing the pressure difference between the two sides of the piston, and fully utilizing the energy produced in a passive way to exert a better damping effect. In addition, the invention has the following features: Features; L The present invention uses a simple switch-type control law and controller, so the hardware requirements 11 This paper size applies + national national standard (chs) A4 specifications ⑽ X 297 ~ --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page)
訂---------線U 593909 A7 B7 五、發明說明（11 ) 簡單且爲常見之機械零組件，此可降低其製造成本。 2. 本發明之控制系統沒有疲勞與損耗現象、維護需求低。 3. 本發明在半主動控制訊號無法運作時，仍具有被動消能 之功用，因此可靠度高。 4·本發明僅用極小之能量制震，在極端的環境中仍可正常 運作，且不可能對結構物造成反效果，因此設置條件少。 综上所述，本發明實施例確能達到所預期之使用功效， 又其所揭露之具體構造，不僅未曾見諸於同類產品中，亦 未曾公開於申請前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求， 爰依法提出發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜准專利， 則實感德便。 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 訂： -線丨 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 X 297公釐）Order --------- line U 593909 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11) Simple and common mechanical parts, which can reduce its manufacturing cost. 2. The control system of the present invention is free of fatigue and wear and low maintenance requirements. 3. When the semi-active control signal cannot work, the present invention still has the function of passive energy dissipation, so the reliability is high. 4. The present invention uses only a very small amount of energy to damp vibrations, and can still operate normally in extreme environments, and it is impossible to cause adverse effects on structures, so there are few installation conditions. In summary, the embodiments of the present invention can indeed achieve the expected use effect, and the specific structure disclosed is not only not seen in similar products, nor disclosed before the application, and has fully complied with the provisions of the Patent Law In accordance with the law, the application for an invention patent was submitted in accordance with the law, and it is imperative to examine it and grant the patent. (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page) Order: -Online 丨 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 2 11 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇X 297 mm) )