TW593694B - Method for producing porous metal with fine porous texture - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a porous metal with a fine porous texture comprises: selecting a pure metal or an alloy powder as a base material for sintering or selecting a pure metal or an alloy material as a base material for casting; selecting a water soluble or alkaline solvent-soluble fine powder as a filler; using a sintering polymerization process in combination with a blending or powder metallurgical process, or using a high or low frequency smelting process to perform a smelting polymerization process for uniformly distributing the base material for sintering or casting in the densely stacked filler in order to obtain a prototype metal blank; using a specified solvent to remove the filler in the obtained metal blank for forming a porous metal semi-product with a fine porous texture formed of the base material for sintering or casting; and subjecting the semi-product to cleaning, drying and reducing treatments to produce a porous metal product with a fine porous texture.

Description

593694 V. Description of the invention (1) [Application of the invention] The porous through-hole microstructure of the present invention can be made into a micron-sized (approximately 2 50 ~ 0 distribution of porous metal technology, which is effective and can be produced. Simple and low cost, can be used as a cell electrode, heat dissipation, anti-magnetic wave, anti-vibration and background description] The so-called porous metal (P 〇r 〇us M eta 1) or foamed metal (F 〇 generally refers to the internal structure residue The distribution ratio of the voids is greater than that of interconnected vias and without effective control of the distribution rate of the vias or independent holes. The distribution methods that cannot be uniformed are: Powder applied metal powder continuously -am Metal) 10% of sintered metal , And the pores are connected by independent holes. The shape, pore size, and the shape of the porous metal alone or between the square are made of various metals or alloys. 2. Use metal fibers to replace the above. 3. Use metals at abnormal points Porous cast iron method based on expansion and contraction. 4. Method for foaming (sponge or porous) aluminum. 5. Method for making metal such as sponge iron or sponge titanium, especially to provide Ⅰβ) through-hole tissues tightly connected. micro- Distribution of fine through holes Used as materials for catalytic converters, filters, and electric sound absorption. Pre-sintered powder metallurgy. Fiber sintering method. Repeated heating and cooling, such as adding a foaming agent to the dazzling molten metal, is a method of reducing metal compounds. However, most of the current porous metal materials are mainly sintered by powder metallurgy. It is also known that the powder metallurgy method is to add metal powder to a binder, stir it and fill it into a mold, and then extrude (punch) and press to make the embryo.

593694 V. Description of the invention (2), and it is made by heating and sintering. During the sintering process, the metal powder 9 polymerized by bonding M 2 2 in the hair embryo will be in the original loose state (as shown in Fig. 1 (a)), and some metal powder 9 will begin to aggregate with the heating effect. (As shown in Fig. 1 (b)), and then the amount of the agglomerated metal powder 9 is gradually increased [as shown in Fig. 1 (c)], so that when the sintering is completed, the The metal powder 9 is agglomerated into a dense shape (as shown in Figure d). When the above powder forms a point contact shape, as shown in (a) of each contact point 9 1 and (b). Therefore, the distribution of pores in the products produced by the mutual firing and condensing of the south metal powder is also caused by the susceptibility to the metal powder, the shape of the powder, and the poor molding process.) It shows that the metal powder is in the process of shrinking iron powder metallurgy. 9 a is the antecedent, so that the contact points 9 1 a are formed as voids 9 2 £], and follow the increase in sintering temperature, so that a gradually extends to the neck of the contact surface 9 1 b Morphology [as shown. And when the area of the neck 9 1 b, 9 1 c, 9 1 d is gradually powder compaction), the hollow holes 9 2 b, 9 2 c, will gradually shrink (as shown in Figures 2 (b) to (d) ], Which makes the distribution of pores more scarce. Although the powder metallurgy method is used, it can increase the interphase of the metal powder and increase the adhesion, but it is not conducive to improving the yield of the porous metal. It is the fluidity (molding ), Particle size, friction between the forming shape and the forming mold, etc. factors such as stress, uneven strain distribution and density of finished product quality I a) — (d _ For example, the use of metal iron powder as an example , As shown in the density distribution of a cylindrical body under different pressures

Page 6 593694 V. Description of the invention (3) The t-state (experimental determination, g / c m3) is extremely uneven. The other figure 4 shows the uneven density distribution of iron powder in the embryo. As shown in Fig. 5 (a)-(c), the pressure distribution state of iron powder in the pressed embryo under the pressing pressure of 7 t / cm 2 is shown. The ratio of the distance D is H / D = 0.42, Fig. 5 (b) H / D of the pressed embryo = 0.79, Fig. 5 (c of the pressed embryo / D = 1.66, so from Fig. 5 (a) — (c) It can be seen that the pressure distribution of iron powder in the pressed embryo is extremely uneven. In addition, the particle shape of the metal powder varies according to the manufacturing method, such as spherical, polygonal, plate-shaped, water-drop-shaped, etc. Generally, the metal powder requires Obtaining better formability, air permeability and porosity distribution on porous metal are spherical particles made by air-cooled spraying method. It is known that the filling method of spherical particles is cubic, oblique in geometry. Square, body-centered, square, fine hexagon, etc. According to experiments, it is known that the empty pore size (or pore size) formed when the metal powder is filled by cubic accumulation is 4 1.4% of the particle size of the metal powder, and the formation and size of the empty pore size As shown in Figure 6 (a) and (b), there are two representative forms, of which: _ Figure 6 (a) reveals Di = D〇 (2 // 3 -1) = 0.156D〇 Figure 6 (b) reveals D2 = DQ (, 2 -1) = 0.414D0 D 1 and D 2: indicates the pore diameter between metal powder particles D .: indicates the particle diameter of the metal powder particles. It can be seen that theoretically, the pore diameter D or D2 between the metal powder particles is 15.6% to 41.4% of the particle diameter D0 of the metal powder. Actually, 16 ~ 20%. Because of the size of the metal powder particles, not a single particle size composition, and when the metal powder is subjected to oxidative and hygroscopic effects, it will be produced during the extrusion process.

Page 7 593694 V. Description of the invention (4) The uneven distribution of stress and strain is the cause of deformation and cracking. Therefore, the pore diameter obtained by the probability estimation based on the maximum particle diameter is 18% of the particle diameter of the spherical metal powder. It can be known from the above that the powder metallurgy method is used to sinter metal powders into porous metals with a porosity distribution rate of less than 50%, but it may reach more than 90% when the metal fibers are sintered. Generally, if you want to increase the pore distribution, you can add metal fiber, bridging medium or foaming agent as a filler, and then burn it with heat. However, the pore size and pore distribution rate are still extremely difficult to control. At the same time, when the bridging (branching) medium is used as the filling material, toxic gases and oxidation phenomena will be generated, and then black smoke (carbide) will be deposited in the pores, which is not easy to remove, so the finished porous metal material is used in the application If it is used as a catalyst, filter or battery electrode, etc., it will seriously affect the functional quality. Therefore, porous metals are pores formed between powder particles, fibers, and / or other basic structures. Most of them have irregular pore shapes and distribution, and there are independent pores (blind pores) that are not connected. ) Are distributed between connected vias, so the distribution of voids is extremely uneven and poor. In addition, a sponge metal (S ρ ο ngy M eta 1) manufacturing technology that can effectively obtain the density of the hole shape, pore size, and its structure is disclosed. This technology includes the technology disclosed in the National Patent Bulletin No. 4 3 No. 4 3 2 No. 3 sponge-like metal manufacturing technology capable of obtaining independent hole structure, and National Patent Bulletin No. 4 9 1 9 0 3 capable of manufacturing sponge-like metal manufacturing technology without hole structure. It is also known that the two previous technologies use organic blanks of the required size, shape and particle size as the filling material, and carry out the molding operations of dipping (refractory mud) and stacking (stacking) to obtain independent holes or holes Pore shape and pore tissue density. Only elected

593694 V. Description of the invention (5) The particle size of the organic blank used is too small (such as micron level). When it is used in the molding and laminating molding operations, the organic blank with a too small particle size will be adhered to the slurry. It is difficult to control the tissue density of the laminated mold, so it is not suitable for the application of mass production of fine through-hole or independent hole organization. Therefore, if the pore diameter and distribution rate characteristics of micro through holes or independent holes can be grasped robustly and effectively, it can be skillfully applied to some applications such as catalysts, filters, battery electrodes, heat dissipation, anti-magnetic waves, anti-vibration or The materials used for sound absorption will greatly improve its use efficiency, but so far, there is still a lack of porous metal technology for manufacturing fine through holes or independent pore structures. This dilemma is exactly the motivation of the invention. [Brief Description of the Invention] The present invention mainly provides a technique for manufacturing a porous metal having a fine through-hole structure, including a technique for improving a porous metal by a conventional powder metallurgy method. The present invention also includes providing another smelting method which can also produce porous metals having a fine through-hole structure. Before implementing the above two methods, the present invention must first perform batching operations, including selecting a pure metal or alloy powder as the base material for sintering required for performing powder metallurgy. The present invention can also use another pure metal or alloy material as the base material. In addition to the base material for flash casting required to perform the smelting method, the present invention must simultaneously select a fine powder soluble in water or an alkaline solvent as a filler required for performing the powder metallurgy method or smelting method. When selecting the above ingredients, the shape and particle size of the powder should be selected as the smaller the repose angle, the smaller the repose angle is, the better the fluidity of the powder is, and the smaller the friction between the powder and the powder is; The melting point must be higher than the sintering base and melting point

Page 9 593694 V. Description of the invention (6) The base material for casting must be made according to the required aperture and the most appropriate filler. In order to effectively implement powder metallurgy technology, the present invention must be subjected to a sintering polymerization process with the filler, including the need to mix the plasticizer uniformly, so that the sintering base is uniformly packed in the densely polymerized space between the stacked stacks of the moving filler, and Cold Isostatic Pressure) or sintering powder-ostatic pressure) method. And the temperature during sintering is within the range of 1/2 of the melting point of the main component of pure metal or alloy powder, but if the base material for sintering is selected, the sintering temperature will be lower than that of pure pure metal or alloy powder. In the appropriate metallurgical system, it is suitable for making embryos of complex high-melting metals or alloys of less than 500 g (grams). In the above-mentioned sintering by powder metallurgy, the metal or alloy preform is affected by oxidation. Generally, the reducing gas can be used to maintain the quality of the fired preform according to the activation performance of the pure metal or alloy. In addition, in order to effectively execute the melting technology, the present invention and the filler must be subjected to a melting polymerization process, and this process is different from a southern frequency furnace or another low frequency furnace. This smelting furnace for melting metals or alloys at the south frequency. This low frequency furnace is suitable for metal or alloy melting furnaces. The melting point of the filler is the melting point r of the base material for casting. With the help of the high- or low-frequency furnace average range efficiency, the sintering is added. The viscosity and the melting point are colder and equalized (HIP). The field is lighter, and it is better to prevent the use of binders and sintered bodies (CIP, Hot Is) in the sintered body. When the base filler is melted, the powder is small and the base material is made. The sintering base material for melting and casting is used in a day furnace. It is suitable for use as a low melting point gold. It must be higher than the melting energy to generate magnetic force. _

Page 10 593694 V. Description of the invention Stirring of the ring The molten material to be refined can be washed and cast into molds or alloy embryos and used in geometrical parts. This article includes a method of removing or verifying the dissolution of the base material or the use of the above-mentioned metal to make the above-mentioned washing, and the completion of the residues. The above-mentioned must be cleaned and used between the pore structure. Medium and cold parts. The type is simple and clear. In addition to the oxidization of the micro-filler, which is made of porous materials, it is made of porous materials in the wave-producing embryos for chemical refining and casting. Base material (pure filler and frontal furnace are smelted but shaped, the applicable fields of the board or sheet apply the technical properties of the above operations, the base material melts the vortex concave effect of the filler metal semi-porous metal agent or dirt If the fine through hole group is oxidized, the layer (film) technology must be used. The filling material in the base material is evenly and densely distributed in the metal or alloy). The specific gravity between the base materials is used for melting. When the disparity is large, a heat-retaining furnace is set, and at the same time, the ultrasonic wave is irradiated to make it denser and more uniform. Subsequent vacuum is used to make prototype high or low melting point metals. The smelting method is suitable for making larger high or low melting point metals or their alloy embryos. Process technology is used to obtain metal embryos. According to the filling material is soluble in water, it can be selected to be compatible but does not hurt the sintering agent, and it should be dissolved in water or alkaline solvents to remove the product in a cleaning tank with ultrasonic waves (Cavitation effect). The semi-finished product 'must be thoroughly cleaned by ultrasonic waves, and then dried, and then the porous metal product is woven. In addition, the semi-finished product of porous metal must undergo a reduction treatment in order to facilitate the removal. It will have the following advantages: Pure metal or alloy powder or used for melting and casting

593694 V. Description of the invention (8) The pure metal or alloy material of the base material and the soluble fine powder as the filling material are easily available in the workshop, the price is reasonable, and there are many types. According to the economic and convenience considerations of the manufacturing process, The material of the porous metal product is selective, and the distribution rate of the fine through holes is easy to be effectively controlled from the selection of the batching operation. -2. In the powder metallurgy method, cold equalizing or hot equalizing is used for sintering, which can achieve excellent and dense mixing between the sintering base and the filling, or the high or low frequency is used in the smelting method. The application of smelting technology can also make the filler uniformly mixed in a predetermined proportion of the base material for melting and casting. Therefore, it is beneficial to effectively grasp the micro-g fine hole distribution on the porous metal product during mass production and improve The dense through-hole structure of the porous metal product has high density and stability. 3. When removing the densely packed fillings on the metal blank, the solvent is used in ultrasonic irradiation cleaning to dissolve the fillings, which has high technical stability, and can reduce production costs and defective rates. 4. The reducing gas can be injected into the vacuum furnace or the solvent dissolution method can be used to remove the oxide layer (film) on the porous metal, so the finished product is beautiful and good for use as a catalyst, filter, battery electrode, heat dissipation, anti-magnetic wave, anti-shock and Use of special materials for sound absorption and other purposes. [Detailed description of the invention] The technology of producing porous metal with fine through-hole structure of the present invention can be divided into two embodiments, one powder metallurgy method and another melting method. The powder metallurgy method must perform operations including batching 1, sintering polymerization process 2 ', removing filling 3, cleaning 4, drying 5, and reduction 6. Where ~

Page 12 593694 V. Description of the invention The sintering heat collection 2 6 and the melting removal and filling, in which the furnace 7 (as shown in Figure 8 implementation materials 1 and 1 sintered at the melting point of metal or hydration or alkaline 2) 2 It will not be burned at the melting point of alloys or alloys or alkaline solvents with high or low melting point, that is, the above-mentioned Zn-based alloy (9) for fusion casting. Sintering process 2 Refining process 3 0 Melting polymerization 2 (Shown) The temperature of the powder gold powder solvent in the 0 operation line of the present invention must be 7 and the degree of smelting of the base line smelting material must be used in the furnace. The powder will not be powdered. 7 and other procedures (as shown in Figure 7 must be implemented including ingredients 1, cleaning 40, drying and combining process 7 is divided into routes, and then 1, drying and setting 2 5, as shown). 〇, the smelting polymerization process 7, 50 and reduction 60 and other operations using high-frequency furnace 7 1 or low casting 7 4 procedures. The first procedure required for the above two methods is to use metallurgical method as the fine powder for firing. When the method is used, it is better to melt the fine powder than the melting method. In the gold method, optional ingredients 1 can be used as the binding base material 1 and finally used as the filling and sintering base material. The filling sintering temperature material 1 0 is used as the working material 1 3 as the filling material and is used as the casting base material. The sintering base for local temperature selection is A1 metal Cu metal (or in the industry, one pure 1 and another soluble 1 2 must be selected, and the melting point of the filler 1 1 1 is in favor of feeding 12 2 It is necessary to use one kind of pure gold and another kind which is soluble in water 1 2 and the melting point of the filling material 1 2 3. The filling material 1 2 which is convenient for insertion is not as expected 1 1 or Is in the smelting method (or A 1 and S i, Mg, Cu or Cu and Z η, S η, A 1 or P _

Page 13 593694 V. Description of the Invention (（ο) alloy, or Fe metal, or Pb metal (or Pb and Sn or Zn alloy), or Mg metal (or Mg and Li, A1 or Cu) Alloy), or Mn metal (or an alloy of Mn with Fe or Ni), or Mn metal (or an alloy of Mo with Fe, Ni, Co, or Cr), or Ni metal (or an alloy of Ni and Fe, Cr, M 0 or C 0) can be selected, or A g metal (or an alloy of Ag and Cu) can be selected, or S η metal (or Sn and Pb, Cu or Bi alloy), or W metal (or W and Ni, Cu or Ag alloy), or V metal (or V and Mo, Ni, Co or Ti alloy), or Ti Fine powders of metals or alloys such as metals (or alloys of Ti and Al or Ni or Co) (as shown in Table 1).

Page 14 593694 V. Description of the invention (π) Name of base material for sintering or melting. Specific gravity of base material for sintering or melting. Melting point ° C Boiling point V Soluble part solvent Insoluble solvent Cold water and hot water Other solvents Solvents Aluminium and aluminum alloys ΙΙ , AI-Si, Mg, Cu, Zn 2.7 ^ 2.7 660 (low) < 660 (働 2056 < 2056 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in HCI, H2S〇4 NaOH, KOH CH3CH2OH (ethanol, alcohol), copper glycerol and copper alloy Cu, Cu-Zn, Sn, AI, P 8.92 2.8.92 1083 (high) < 1083 (high) 2300 < 2300 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in HN〇3, hot h2s〇4 NH4CI, NaOH, KOH, NH40H iron and iron alloy Fe 7.86 7.6-7.8 1535 (high) 1575 (high) 3000 < 3000 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in h2s〇4, _3, HCI NH4CI, NaOH, KOH, NH40H Lead and alloy Pb Pb-Sn, Zn 11.34 < 11.34 327.5 (Low) < 327 (Low) 1620 < 1620 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in hno3 ch3ch20h (ethanol, alcohol), magnesium glycerol and magnesium alloy Mg Mg-Li.Al.Cu 1.74 two 174 651 (low) < 651 (Low) 1110 < 1110 Insoluble slightly decomposed and soluble in h2s〇4, _3, dilute HCI CH3CH2OH (ethanol, alcohol), NH4CI, glycerol, NaOH, KOH manganese and ί Alloy Mn Mn-Fe, Ni 7.2 ^ 7.2 1260 (high) < 1260 (high) 1900 < 1900 Dissociated insoluble in dilute h2s〇4, dilute HN03 ^ HCI NH4CI, NaOH, KOH, NH40H Molybdenum and molybdenum alloy Mo Mo -Fe, Ni, Co, Cr 10.2 > 10.2 2620 (®) < 2620 (high) 3700 < 3700 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in hot concentrated h2s〇4 nh4oh, nh4ci Nickel and nickel alloy Ni Ni-Fe.Cr.Mo .Co 8.90 > 8.90 1452 (high) < 1452 (high) 2900 < 2900 Insoluble and insoluble in dilute hno3 NH4CI, NaOH, KOH, NH4OH silver and silver alloy Ag Ag-Cu 10.5 > 10.5 960.5 (low) = 960.5 (low 1950 < 1950 insoluble and insoluble in hno3, hot h2s〇4 NaOH, KOH, NH40H, NH4CI tin and tin alloy Sn Sn-Pb, Cu, Bi 7.31 two 7.31 232 (low) ^ 232 (low) 2260 < 2260 insoluble and insoluble mn hci, H2S〇4 dilute — ch3ch20h (ethanol, alcohol), tin glycerin and tungsten alloy W W-Ni, Cu, Ag 19.3 < 19.3 3370 (high) < 3370 (high) 5900 < 5900 Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble in hot concentrated KOH NH4CI, NaOH, KOH, nh4oh, nh4oh Note: Make fillings of W and Ro solvents. ί When alloy c is filled with Ni powder, the melting point of 7 should be higher than 160 (Tao sintering temperature) ° c, if ι \ drops below 1500 ° C / InO, Ti02l V203l, you can Choose basic ZnO, Mg〇, ZrO2 and so on. Vanadium and vanadium alloy V V-Mo, Ni, Co, Ti 5.96 > 5.96 1710 (high) 21710 (high) 3000 < 3000 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in _3, h2so4 NaOH, KOH, NH40H, NH4CI and titanium alloy Ti Ti-AI, Ni, Co 4.5 > 4.5 1800 (H) to 1800 (H) > 3000 > 3000 Insoluble and soluble in HCI, _3 h2so4 NaOH, KOH, nh4oh, nh4ci Base material for sintering or smelting of forged armor] 593694 V. Description of the invention (12) The filler 12 can be selected from CaCl2, MnO, NaCM, Ti02, W0, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO, etc. Fine powder in water or alkaline solvent (as shown in Table 2). Filler name Chemical formula Specific gravity Melting point ° C Boiling point ° C Soluble solvent Suitable for sintering base or melting base Cold and hot water Other solvents Calcium chloride CaCI2 2.15 772 > 1600 Partially soluble in ch3ch2oh (ethanol, Alcohol) Applicable to Al, Pb, Mg, Sn and its alloys Mn Mn 〇5.18 1650 > 1600 Insoluble and insoluble soluble in nh4ci Applicable to Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and their alloys Sodium chloride (table salt) NaCI 2.163 801 1413 Soluble soluble soluble glycerin suitable for Al, Pb, Mg, Sn and its titanium dioxide Ti02 4.26 1640 < 3000 Insoluble insoluble soluble in NaOH, KOH suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Mg and its alloys Tungsten oxide W03 7.16 2130 < 3000 Insoluble and insoluble in NaOH, KOH is suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V, Ti and its alloys vanadium trioxide V203 3.87 1970 < 3000 slightly soluble soluble NaOH, KOH is suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V, Ti and its alloy zinc oxide ZnO 5.61 1800 < 3000 Very slightly soluble insoluble in NaOH, KOH is suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V , Ti and its alloy MgO 3.65 28 00 3600 Very slightly soluble Insoluble Soluble in nh4oh, NH4CI Suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V, Ti, Mo and their alloys [Table 2: Properties of the filler used in the present invention]

P.16 5933694 5. Description of the invention (13) The present invention will quote the above-mentioned sintering base 11 and filler 12, and implement the powder metallurgy process (as shown in Figure 7) as follows: ^ In In batch 1 (as shown in Figure 7), when the sintering base 11 is i ^ A1 metal (or an alloy of A1 and Si, Mg, Cu or Zn) powder, its melting point is $ 6 6 (TC 'So you should choose soluble fine powders with a melting point higher than 6 6oc as the filler 12. The fillers that can be selected in Table 2 include: CaCl2, MnO' NaCl, Ti〇2, w〇3 , V2〇3, ZnO or MgO and other fine powders. In other words, when the sintering base material 11 is a powder of Cu metal (or an alloy of rhenium and ZS η, A 1 or P), its melting point is $ J 〇8 Therefore, in Table 1, a better filling material can be selected. 丄 2 is .0, T 丨 〇2, WO3, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO, and other fine powders. Analogize according to the above ingredients principle, Table 1 The remaining base material 1 for sintering can also be combined with the fillings in Table 1 as follows: Use Fe metal powder as the base material for sintering | Umbrella soil, Buma & In this case, MnO, T1 〇2, w0, v η 7 η bucket, ι, > 3 ν2〇3 'ZnO or MgO, which are melting points, can be used as the filler 12. v A rD and Sn The choice of Zn or 卩 1) Gold > When using the base material η, you can choose ^ 二 =

Ti〇2, w〇3, ν2ο3 'Znη0 or Mg〇 and other fine selection of Mg metal (or _Ll, mcu mixture filled with gold): powder sintering base 11, can choose the higher melting point of CaCi2, Mn〇,, Ti〇2 'wo3, v2o3' Zn0 or Mg0 and other fine powders are used for filling. The powder of Mn metal (or _F ^ Nl alloy) is used as the firing.矣 593694 V. Description of the invention (14) wo3, ν, ο When using the base material 11, you can choose dumplings _ 7 k with 4 points compared to 鬲 MnO, Tio, ^ 〇 or Mg0, and other fine powders as filling 丄 2. The powder of Mo metal (or Mo and Fe, Ni, r—, r, or as the binding base material 1 i can be made into ° or s gold) is used as the filler i 2. k Use powders with higher melting points such as MgO and Ni metal (or Ni, Fe, rr, and Mr as the sintering A oblique 1 1 A main / Mo or Co alloy) powder, W3, v For Q 7 ', fine powders such as MnO, Ti02 2203 Zn〇 or Mg〇 with high melting point can be used as the filler 丄 2. 1 (Using _CU alloy) powder as the sintering base material, etc., as the Λ higher Mn0, Tl02, w〇3, V2〇3'zn〇 / 彳 成 ,,, Tian Yangmo For filling; [2. Use: m (or s-pb, yttrium or ... alloy) powder for firing Ti〇2, when w0, you can choose the higher melting point of CaCl2, Mno, NaCl choose 2 W gold 3 '/ 2〇3 ', Using 0 or Mg0 fine powder as a filler 12. The powder of the binder /] (or alloy of Ni, rhenium or Ag) is used as the baking ingredient for 1 hour, because its melting temperature is as high as 3 37 Ot, so it must be up to 15 00. (: The following N 丨 powders 'can reduce the sintering temperature of W metals or their alloys by more than 160 ° C.' This way 'will allow the melting point to be higher than that of fine powders when sintered ☆ from 110' T i 0 2 , 3 'V 2 0 3, ZnO or MgO soluble, & brother filler 1 2. V metal 丄 z is used as the binder for binding (or V and Mo, Ni, Co or T i alloy) When powder is used or MgO 箄 can be ^ 1 1, W03, v203, which has a higher grafting point can be selected, and Zn〇 is used as the filling material 12 for imitation of fine powder.

Powder of genus 4 (or an alloy of Ti and Al, Ni, or Co) as page 18 593694 V. Description of the invention (15) Sintering base material 11 When using a soluble fine powder with a high melting point or MgO as a filler 1 2 c When the above ingredients are selected, the powder for sintering base 1 and the fine powder of filler 12 are all in the micron level powder material of 250 ~ 0. 1 //, and the final particle size reaches micron ( //) level, in fact, has been stacked (layered) pellets. In addition, when selecting the above ingredients, in addition to the above, in the shape of the powder particles, the powder with a smaller rest angle should be selected. The powder with better fluidity during mixing and the smaller the frictional force are. What's more, when selecting the above ingredients, the filling ratio should be higher than 50%, that is, the filling / sintering base > 1, and then the mixing 21 operation is performed to facilitate the subsequent% porous metal product. When mixing 2 1 (as shown in Figure 7), mix the sintering base material 1 1 with the predetermined proportion and the filler, and add the binder 2 2 and the plasticized base material 1 1 and the filling material 1 2 After full mixing, achieve the effect of stack mixing (as shown in Figure 9). The bonding agent 2 2 enables the powder 1 for the sintering base 1 and the filler 12 to pass through the drying setting 25 and be malleable, and is used in the subsequent sintering 2 7 process to be discharged with the combustion of the flue gas. Optional adhesive W〇 v2o

Pure metal or alloy of Zn〇 1 can be purchased in the workshop with reasonable particle size. When these powders approach to facilitate the compactness of the powder, it is better to consider the smaller particle size, because it is safe, and the volume ratio of the volume occupied by the powder and the powder intermediate 12 must be continued to obtain the porosity> 5 0, based on the above-mentioned selected composition 12 placed in the mixing container 2 3, so that evenly distributed and dense pure metal or alloy used in sintering has the adhesion ability, can be oxidized at high temperature to make 2 2 types. : Poly _

Page 195993 V. Description of the invention (16) Vinyl alcohol, wax, cellulose, dextrin, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, chlorinated hydrocarbons, algae gum, lignin, rubber, gum, starch, flour , Dry complex, animal glue, protein, proteoglycan, green, acrylic, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, paraffin and beeswax. For example, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) is used as the binding agent 2 2. Its molecular formula is [-CH 2_ C Η-] η and η is its polymerization degree. It is used at η = 1 5 0 0 ~ 1 7 0 0 Better. However, polyvinyl alcohol is not suitable for basic oxides (such as MgO, CaO, BaO, Zη 0, and borate, stone salt, etc.), because polyvinyl alcohol will combine with test oxides to become insoluble or nearly brittle or elastic. The stern block is particularly difficult to shape. In other words, if Polyvinyl Acetate is used as the bonding agent 2 2, its molecular formula is:

? Wuhe degree η is usually between 4 0 0 ~ 6 0 0, suitable for alkaline oxides, it can make up for the deficiency of polyvinyl alcohol. But polyvinyl acetate is only soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, benzene, toluene, etc., please pay attention when using. The above-mentioned bonding agent 2 2 can also use paraffin or beeswax, which has good fluidity under heating, and also has good wetting power on the pure metal or alloy powder of the sintering base 1 1, but it is heated It should not exceed 130 ° C, otherwise it will oxidize quickly and reduce the viscosity, forcing the performance to deteriorate, and attention should be paid.

Page 205993694 V. Description of the invention (17) The plasticizer 2 3 can increase the flow, lubrication and plasticity between the pure metal or alloy powder of the sintering base 11 and the filler 12. Solving the problem of excessive viscosity of the adhesive is extremely helpful to promote the uniformity of the mixing operation. Available plasticizers include 3 types: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol (glycerol), sulfuric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, tung oil, and other vegetable oils. Glycerol (glycerin) is used as plasticizer 2 3 as an example, except

In addition to its lubricating effect, it also has strong hygroscopicity; if oleic acid is used, it also has the function of lubricating and activating the surface of powder particles; if tung oil and other vegetable oils are used, it has both lubricating, emulsifying, and adhering powder particles. effect. After the above-mentioned mixing operation 21, the drying and setting operation 25 (shown in Figure 7) must be continued, which is mainly applied to a drying temperature below 250 ° C, so that the sintering base 1 1 and the filling material 1 2 The mesenchyme is dry, and is fixed by the adhesive 22, maintaining the original uniformly distributed and densely stacked powder structure. The filler 12 is used as a bridging medium between the sintering base materials 11. After the above ingredients are dried and shaped 25, the shaped filling 12 must be pre-heated 2 5 at a temperature of 5000 ~ 700 ° C, so as to remove and remove the moisture of the filling 12 Conducive to the subsequent sintering 2 7 operations (as shown in Figure 7).

When sintering 27, the powder is sintered by cold equal pressure (CIP, C ο 1 d I s static P-essure) molding or hot equal pressure (HIP, Hot Isostatic Pressure). Already have a prototype metal embryo 2 8. The temperature at the time of sintering is within the range of the melting point of the main pure metal used for the sintering base 11 or more to the melting point of the filler 12 or less. but

Page 21 593694 V. Description of the invention (18) If the base material 11 for sintering is selected from alloy powder, the sintering temperature will be lower than that of pure metal or alloy powder. During sintering, in order to prevent the produced metal or alloy blank from being affected by oxidation or nitridation, sintering in a reducing gas is usually performed according to the activation performance of the metal or alloy of the selected sintering base material to maintain the sintering. Into metal embryos, pieces 2 to 8 quality. _ Under the above-mentioned sintering conditions, the filler 12 and the sintering base 1 1 (as shown in Figure 9), which originally uniformly stacked in the point contact form, are sintered into the sintering base 1 1 a and filled. Full and densely polymerized morphology covering the surrounding fillings 1 2 a (as shown in Figure 10). Among them, the relatively high-temperature filling φ filler 1 2 a and filler 1 2 a, and the filler 12 a and sintering base 1 1 a are also burned to form a neck with a surface contact shape. 1 2 0 generated. After cooling, it is formed into a metal embryo 2 8 (shown in Fig. 11) with a sintered polymerized microstructure prototype, and completes the powder metallurgy sintered polymerization process 2 (shown in Fig. 7) of the present invention. In the applicable field, the powder metallurgy method is suitable for making lighter, smaller and more complex high-melting metal or alloy preforms below 500 g (grams). The formation of the neck 1 2 0 described above can be used as a channel between the through holes after the filling 12 1 a is removed in detail (described later). The through-hole distribution rate can be obtained through X / D (as shown in Figure 12); D is the powder particle size of the filler 12 w, which can be obtained when selecting the ingredients; X is the neck formed after the filler is sintered The diameter can be obtained by controlling conditions such as sintering temperature, time, and combination of ingredients; therefore, during sintering, you can control the through-hole distribution rate of subsequent porous metal products. „

Page 22 593694 V. Description of the invention (19) In addition, the present invention will quote the base material for melting 1 3 in Table 1 and the filler 12 in Table 2 and implement the process of explaining the melting method (see Figure 8). (Shown) is as follows: In the batch 10 operation of the melting process, the melting point temperature of the melting base 13 (pure metal or alloy material) must be distinguished before the subsequent melting polymerization process 7 can be performed.

The base material 13 for melting and casting must be distinguished into high-melting and low-melting pure metals or alloy materials thereof. As shown in Table 1, in the base material 13 for casting, if the temperature of the flash point is higher than 1000 ° C, it is a high melting point metal or its alloy material, including: Cu metal (or Cu and Z η , S η, A 1 or P alloy); Fe metal; Mn metal (or alloy of Mn and Fe or Ni); Μ metal (or alloy of Μ0 and F e, Ni, C 0 or C r );

Ni metal (or an alloy of Ni and Fe, Cr, Mo or Co);

Ag metal (or an alloy of Ag and Cu); W metal (or an alloy of W and Ni, Cu, or Ag); V metal (or an alloy of V and Mo, Ni, Co, or Ti);

Ti metal (or an alloy of Ti and Al or Ni or Co). Those with a melting point below 100 ° C in Table 1 are low melting metals or their alloy materials, including: A1 metal (or an alloy of A1 and Si, Mg, Cu or Zn);

Pb metal (or alloy of Pb with Sn or Zn);

Page 23 593694 V. Description of the invention (20) M g metal (or M g and L i, A 1 or Cu alloy);

Sn metal (or an alloy of Sn and Pb, Cu or Bi). When a high or low melting pure metal or its alloy is used as the base material 13 for melting and casting, the selection of the filler 12 in the operation of batching 10 is still the same as that of the above powder metallurgy method (as previously described, here (No description), that is, the melting point of the filler 12 must be higher than that of the melting base 13, which is beneficial to the melting polymerization process 7, and the higher temperature filler 12 is not melted by the melting base 13 At the same time, in order to effectively execute the smelting technology, the present invention divides the smelting polymerization process 7 into two operation paths using a high frequency furnace 71 or another low frequency furnace 7 2 (as shown in FIG. 8). The above-mentioned base material 13 for melting casting is a pure metal or alloy with a high melting point, and a high frequency furnace 71 must be selected for the operation. The above-mentioned base material 13 for melting casting is a pure metal or alloy with a low melting point, and a low-frequency furnace 72 must be used for the operation.

When using high frequency furnace 7 1 or low frequency furnace 7 2 for smelting, both types of frequency furnaces have the frequency induction ability, so they can generate the stirring effect of magnetic circulation. They can be used for high melting point or low melting point base materials for melting. 1 and its fillings 1 and 2 produce a uniform stirring effect. However, in order to obtain a better stirring effect, heat-retaining furnaces 7 1 0 and 7 2 0 can be set in front of the high-frequency furnace 7 1 and the low-frequency furnace 7 2 respectively, and the ultrasonic waves can be irradiated to promote the passage of the high- or low-frequency waves. The filler 1 2 after induction melting can be more evenly and densely distributed in the molten casting

Page 24 593694 V. Description of the invention (21) Base material 1 3 (refers to high-speed vacuum materials 12 can be densely stacked in the melt, waiting to cool the metal blanks 7 8. The above smelting method has the effect of smelting temperature. After the embryos are solidified The morphology and phase of 1 2 0 for melting casting can also be controlled. And the geometric modeling is simple to use. The above includes the lead 2 8 or 7 8. The removal of the filler should be based on the metal germ solvent 1 3 solvent 3 1 The vortex-concave embryos that can be produced can be removed by removing 8 or 7 to spread the structure to form a fine paste (filler 1 (ethanol, alcohol) or low-melting pure metal or alloy), and then cast 7 4 The operation can quickly and uniformly dispose 1 to 3 solid particulate filling base materials for melting and casting, and then form high or low melting metal blanks 7 8 made of high or low melting points that have already had a microstructure. The filler and the filler, and the filler and the base material in the molten part will be the same as the neck formed after the above sintering process (see Figure 10 and Figure 11), and the through-hole ratio is in the applicable field. In addition, the smelting method is suitable for making larger plates or High- or low-melting metal or alloy blanks made by powder metallurgy or smelting must be subjected to the following common processes: 3 or 30 operations (as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8) 2 8 or 7 8 The filling material 12 is soluble, and it can be selected to be compatible but does not hurt the melt, and in a cleaning tank with an ultrasonic wave, the Cavitation effect, the filling material 12 a in 8 (as shown in Figure 11) Base material 1 1 a for sintering or porous semi-finished product 3 2 for pore structure for melting casting. When 2 is CaCl 2, a compatible solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2) is selected. In the water or the base material for the casting, the ultrasonic is shown in the above gold) dissolve the base material 1 3 CH 3C Η 20 Η and this solvent _

Page 25593694 V. Description of the invention (22) 31 is suitable for use when pure metals such as Al, Pb, Mg, or S η or their alloys are used as the base material for ballasting 13. The ethanol solvent 3 1 will not Injury to the above-mentioned base material for melting 13 (as shown in Table 1). When the filling material 12 is MηO, miscible NH4C1 is used as the solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 31 are suitable for pure metals such as Cu, Fe, Mg, Mη or Ni or the like. When the alloy is used as the base material for melting 1 3, these solvents 31 will not cause damage to the base material 1 for melting (as shown in Table 1). When the filling material 12 is NaC 1, compatible cold or hot water is used as the solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 3 1 are suitable for pure solvents such as Pb, Mg, and Sη. When the metal or its alloy is used as the base material 1 3 for melting and casting, these solvents 31 will not cause damage to the base material 1 for melting (as shown in Table 1). When the filler 12 is Ti02, miscible NaOH or K0Η is selected as the solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 31 are suitable for pure metals such as Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn or Ni. When the alloy or its alloy is used as the base material for melting 1 3, these solvents 31 will not cause damage to the base material 1 for melting (as shown in Table 1). When the filler 12 is W03, miscible NaOH or K0Η is selected as the solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 31 are suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V When pure metals such as Ti or their alloys are used as the base material for melting 1 3, these solvents 31 will not cause damage to the base material 1 for melting (as shown in Table 1).

When the filling material 12 is V 20 3, it is compatible with NaOH or K0H.

593694 V. Description of the invention (23) As solvents 31 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 31 are suitable for pure metals such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V or T i or their alloys as the capacitor These solvents 31 will not cause any damage to the casting base 1 3 (as shown in Table 1). When the filler 12 is ZnO, miscible NaOH or KOH is selected as the solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 31 are suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V or When pure metals such as Ti or their alloys are used as the base material 1 for refining and casting, these solvents 31 will not cause damage to the base material 13 for melt casting (as shown in Table 1).

When the filler 12 is MgO, miscible NH4OH or NH 4C1 is selected as the solvent 3 1 (as shown in Table 2), and these solvents 31 are suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Ag. Pure metals such as, V, Ti, or Mo or their alloys are used as the base material for melting 1 3, these solvents 31 will not cause damage to the base material 1 for melting (as shown in Table 1). The porous semi-finished product 3 2 made by the above-mentioned method for removing the filling 3 or 30 must be washed with water 4 or 40, and because many alkalis are used when removing the filling 3 or 30 Solvent 3 1

When cleaning 4 or 40, it is best to perform it in a cleaning tank with an ultrasonic wave, so that the residual solvent 3 1 attached to the walls of the through holes of the porous semi-finished product 32 can be washed with water to be clean. After cleaning, the porous semi-finished product 3 2 must be dried 5 or 50. When drying, you can use the infrared oven or microwave oven for drying. When microwave drying is used, the microwave frequency is 100 to 140 GHz and the wavelength is 1 mm to 1 m to obtain a better drying effect. Allows attachment during the above cleaning process

Page 27 593694 V. Description of the invention For porous and semi-removable, so porous metal is also described in the drying operation. The reduction product 8 is placed in the original oxide (film), and the reduction film is dissolved and injected into the layer (film). In summary, the cocoa masters the phase raw materials to obtain heat dissipation, and it should be equipped with the best feeling (24) The finished product 3 2 Through the through-hole, you can obtain the finished product 8 (as shown in the tenth process, after the oxide industry, the above system uses the affiliate or 50 for the treatment 6 or a vacuum furnace reaction, and takes out the treatment 6 or agent, the solvent The sonic wave dissolves and removes the above. This stable preparation is easy to pass through, and it is easy to pass. Therefore, anti-magnetic wave, quasi-invention special prayer within 0 60, and the perfect 60 agent can be used to wash the bath. Residual moisture between the walls of the pores, which can be used for earthquake resistance and benefit, can be quickly dried. The third aspect of the invention has a fine through-hole 80 structure). If it is the filling material 12 made in the previous ingredients 1 or 10, it must be interspersed with a reduction treatment 6 or 60. The method is to inject the dried porous metal into a reducing gas (such as H 2 ), A porous metal product 8 that also removes the interlayer microstructure oxidation layer 8. As a method, a porous metal material made of a porous metal through-hole structure, which can dissolve the oxidation layer (NaOH, KOH, NH4C1 or NH40H), and provide the fine through-hole structure with the oxidation between the fine through-hole 80 structures, can be used. The production rate is not difficult, and the materials used for the sound absorption of the electrodes of catalysts, filters, and batteries are applied in accordance with the law.

Page 28 593694 Schematic description [Schematic illustration] Figure 1 (a): It is a schematic diagram showing the loose distribution state of the metal powder in the hair embryo polymerized by the binder before the conventional powder metallurgy. Figure 1 (b): It is a schematic diagram showing the state of the metal powder in the hair embryo that has started to agglomerate at the beginning of the conventional powder metallurgy. Figure 1 (c): It is a schematic diagram showing the state of gradually increasing the amount of agglomerated metal powders in the conventional powder metallurgy. Figure " ^ (d) • It is a schematic diagram showing that the metal powder is shrunk into a dense shape when the powder metallurgy is completed.

Figure 2 (a): It is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of contacts and voids between metal powders in the early stage of conventional sintering. Figure 2 (b): The schematic diagram of the neck shape of the contact surface in Figure 2 (a) is gradually revealed. Figure 2 (c): It is a schematic diagram showing that in Figure 2 (b), the neck area gradually increases and the void volume gradually decreases. Figure 2 (d): In Figure 2 (c), the neck area has been increased to a maximum and the void volume has been reduced to a minimum. Figure 3 (a): It shows the state of uneven density distribution of cylindrical shaped bodies with iron powder under a pressure of 1 01 (tons). Figure 3 (b): It is revealed that the density distribution of cylindrical shaped bodies in iron powder at a pressure of 1 51 (tons) is uneven. Figure 3 (c) reveals the state of uneven density distribution of cylindrical shaped bodies with iron powder at a pressure of 2 01 (tons). Figure 3 (d): It is revealed that the iron powder in the workshop is presented under the pressure of 2 51 (ton).

P.29 593694 The figure is a brief illustration of the density distribution of the cylindrical shaped body. Figure 4: It is a diagram showing the state of uneven density distribution obtained by measuring iron powder in the embryo. Figure 5 (a): It is a diagram showing the pressure distribution unevenness measured when iron powder is placed in a compact with H / D = 0 · 4 2 and pressure is applied at 7 t / cm 2. Figure 5 (b): It is a diagram showing the state of uneven pressure distribution measured when iron powder is placed in a compact with H / D = 0.79 and pressure is applied at 7 t / cm 2. Figure 5 (c): It is a diagram showing the pressure distribution unevenness measured when iron powder is placed in a compact with H / D = 1 · 6 6 and pressure is applied at 7 t / cm 2. Figure 6 (a): A schematic diagram showing spherical particles in which metal powders and fillers are conventionally stacked in an oblique manner. Figure 6 (b): It is a schematic diagram showing the spherical particles of metal powders and fillers that are conventionally stacked in cubic. FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the powder metallurgy method disclosed in the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the smelting method disclosed in the present invention. Fig. 9: The present invention reveals an enlarged schematic view of the local structure of the sintering base material evenly packed between the filling materials. Fig. 10: An enlarged schematic diagram of the partial tissue of the metal embryo according to the present invention. Fig. 11: An enlarged schematic diagram of the partial tissue of the metal embryo according to the present invention. Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the filler particle diameter D and the neck diameter X disclosed in the present invention. Figure 13: The three-dimensional perspective of the local structure of the finished porous metal product disclosed by the present invention

593694 Brief description of the drawing Enlarge the schematic. [Nomenclature] ingredients 1, 1 〇 filling 1 2, 1 2 a void 1 4 mixing 2 1 plasticizer 2 3 preheating 2 6 sintering 2 7 removing filling 3, 3 0 cleaning 4, 4 0 reduction 6, 6 0 High frequency furnace 7 1 Low frequency furnace 7 2 Finished product 8 Metal powder 9, 9a, 9b Contact point 9 1 a Neck 9 lb, 9 lc, 9 Hole 92a, 92b, 9 1-- 00 IX IX Process material system 2 base-based combination 2 using agglomerate casting and sintering sintering agglutination a 8 7 Λ 5 8 2 2 type parts ^ ~ _ fixed embryo 3 drying agent dry gold solution ο 2 7 7 、 程ο 4 5 making τ—- T, He 7 type 5 polymer furnace into dry smelting temperature injection baking cleaning and washing through hole 8 〇, 9 c, 9 ddc 2

ο d 2 2 τ—I

Page 31

Claims (1)

593694 f Report ___ 六 · Ί patent l & S 1 * A method of making porous metal with a fine through-hole structure, which is a powder metallurgy method, which includes the following procedures: a batching operation; the use of pure metals or their alloys The powder is used as a sintering base material, and a fine powder soluble in water or an alkaline solvent is selected as a filler. The melting point of the filling material must be higher than the melting point of the sintering base material; a sintering polymerization process; the sintering base material is used Mix with the filler, and add binders and plasticizers during the mixing, so that the sintering base and the filler are evenly distributed and densely stacked, then dried and shaped and preheated to remove the moisture of the filler, and then Sintering at the sintering temperature to make metal embryos with good density and micro-structures; one to remove the filler; the filler in the metal embryo can be dissolved in water or a test solvent. Properties, optional miscible solvents, and in the ultrasonic cleaning tank, using the ultrasonic vortex effect, the filler in the metal blank is dissolved and removed to obtain the sintering base material structure The porous semi-finished product forming a fine through-hole structure is a cleaning operation; the residual solvent between the walls of the through-holes of the porous semi-finished product is rinsed with water; and another drying operation is performed when the porous semi-finished product remaining during the cleaning operation is dried. Water content between the walls of the through-holes; through the above-mentioned operation procedure, a porous metal finished product with a fine through-hole structure is produced. 2 · The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the powder for the sintering base is A1 metal or A1 and Si, Mg, Cu or Z η alloy powder, the filler is selected CaCl2, MnO, NaCl, Page 32 593694 VI Scope of Patent Application ^ ~~ ^-Fine powder of Ti02, W03, V 20 3, ZnO or Mg0. Gold V 3 · The fine through-hole assembly method as described in item 范围 of the scope of the patent application, in which when Cu metal or Cu and z A1 or P alloy powder is selected as the base material for sintering, the filler is selected from Mn0 and Ti. , 20 3, Fine powder of ZnO or MgO. 2 3, 4 · The method for making a fine through-hole metal as described in item χ of the scope of the patent application, where Fe metal is selected as the sintering base material: = T1G2, WG3, Cong, Ping, or Plein Production method, 0; the fine through-hole structure of the porous gold described in the item of Dongdong 4, right # A π Pb metal or? 1} combined with Sl ^ 211, vQ knife 7, ^ M The real thing is a fine powder selected from CaCl2, MnO, NaCb Ti02, W03, V203, ZnO, or Mg〇. 6 · If you apply for a special metal production method, where j = powder of a porous Cu alloy with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1: ::: Use a base material to select 料 metal or 仏 with Li, A1, or W (V The ν〇 charge is a fine powder selected from CaCl2, MnO, NaCb Ti02 V · 1, or Mg〇. (For example, the method of making metal for the Qing Dynasty special brake τ ττ, where the fine through-hole structure described in item 1 above is omitted. The powder of porous alloys is made of ^ 111 metal or ^ 111 and? 6 or 1 ^ _ WO, ν20, ZnΠ 8. For example, if the patent application method of r η Μ is used, remove = w The porous, Co or Cr alloy base material of the fine through-hole structure described in item 1 is selected from Mo metal or Mo and Fe, Ni 9 · Rushen &: Ricci 'filling is a fine powder of MgO. Porosity of the fine through-hole structure described in the first item of the monthly patent scope Page 33, 593694 VI. Patent application metal production method, in which when the base material for sintering is selected from Ni metal or powder of Ni and Fe, Cr, Mo or Co alloy, the filling material is MnO, Ti02, W. 3. Fine powder of V203, ZnO or MgO. 10 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when Ag metal or Ag and Cu alloy powder is selected as the sintering base material, the filling material is MnO, Ti〇2, W 〇3, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO fine powder. 1 1 · The method for making porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the sintering base is selected from Sn metal or powders of Sn and Pb, Cu, or Bi alloy, the filler is selected from CaCl2, MnO & gt NaCl > Fine powder of T i 0 2, W0 3, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO. 1 2 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the sintering base is selected from the powder of W metal or W and Ni, Cu or Ag alloy, it must be added during the batching The powder of Ni is a fine powder with MnO, Ti 0, W0 3, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO as the filler. 1 3 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when V metal or a powder of V and Mo, Ni, Co, or Ti alloy is selected as the sintering base material, the filling material is selected W03, V 20 3, fine powder of ZnO or MgO. 1 4 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the base material for sintering is selected from Ti metal or Ti and Ab Ni or Co alloy powder, the filler is selected W0 3, V 20 3, fine powder of ZnO or MgO. 1 5 * As described in item 1 of the patent application, Page 34 593694 VI. Patented porous metal production method, in which the volume ratio of the filler / sintering base is > 1 〇 1 6 · Porous metal production method as described in item 1 of the patented application Among them, when the filling material is CaC 1 2, compatible CH3CH2OH (ethanol, alcohol) is used as the solvent. 17 · The porous metal production method according to item 16 of the scope of patent application, wherein the solvent is suitable for use when pure metals such as A 1, Pb, Mg, or Sη or their alloys are used as the base material for sintering. 1 8 · The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filling material is Mn0, compatible NH4C1 is used as the solvent. 19 · A method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is suitable for sintering pure metals such as Cu, Fe, Mg, Mη, or Ni, or alloys thereof Use when using binder. 2 0. The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the filling material is NaC 1, compatible cold or hot water is used as the solvent. 2 1 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 20 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is suitable for use as a base material for sintering when a pure metal such as Alb, Pb, Mg, or Sη is used. 2 2 · The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the filling material is Ti 02, compatible NaOH or KOH is used as the solvent. 2 3 · The fine through-hole structure as described in item 22 of the scope of patent application Page 35 593694 VI. Scope of patent application Porous metal production method, in which the solvent is suitable for the use of pure metals such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, or Mg or their alloys as the base material for sintering. 2 4 · The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filling material is W0 3, compatible NaOH or KOH is used as the solvent. 2 5 * A method for preparing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 24 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is a pure metal suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, 乂, or Ti It is used when it is used as a sintering base. 2 6 · The method of making porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filler is V 20 3, compatible NaOH or K0H is used as the solvent. 2 7 · A method for preparing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 26 of the scope of patent application, wherein the solvent is a pure metal suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, or Ti It is used when it is used as a sintering base. 2 8 · The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filler is ZnO, compatible NaOH or KOH is used as the solvent. 2 9 · The method for preparing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 28 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is a pure metal suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn'Ni, Ag, or Ti It is used when it is used as a sintering base. 30. The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the filling material is MgO, NH4OH or NH4C1, which are miscible, are used as the solvent. 3 1 · The fine through-hole structure as described in item 30 of the scope of patent application Page 36 6. Scope of patent application Xikong metal production method, where the solvent is suitable Or pure metals such as Mo or alloys thereof as rhenium, Fe, ..., Ag 3 2 · Used as the base material for ^% of the scope of the patent application. Porous metal method, in which the moisture content of the filler is removed ~ 700 ° C more than the fine through-hole structure. The preheating temperature is 500 3 3 · As in the patent application for item 丄 of the porous metal production method, the sintering temperature is in the range of ^ (the number of fine through-hole structures is up to the melting point of the filler. Σ is the melting point of the base material 1/2 to 34. For example, the method of making hole metal in item 制 of the patent application scope, in which the cleaning operation is performed by the ancient L ^ fine through-hole organization. 〃 ° Ultrasonic cleaning tank 3 5 · If applying for a patent The scope of the 丄 hole metal production method 'where the Honggan operation is based on the porous structure of the organization] 2 ::::; The multi-rate weaving around the 1st item is 100 ~ 140 GHz, the wavelength is. Wave frequency 3 7 · If the filling material in the patented metal method of the scope of patent application "^ through the multi-hole structure of the through-hole operation, a reduction treatment is performed to remove the day ^, and drying must be completed. 38 = Chemical layer (film). The method of making porous metal, in which the microstructure of the obtained through-hole structure is placed in a vacuum furnace, and the reason is: after co-drying, more: L metal reacts to remove Fine through-holes% 2 2 1 ：: 39 as a reduced emulsified substance. For example, the patent application ㈡ = oxygen Layer yoke. The fine through-hole structure described in item 7 on page 37 of 5973694. The material is planted uniformly after low-frequency refining, so that the metal of the solid base is removed from the cleaning tank filled with the solvent. Porous semi-washing operation retains the solvent. 6. The patent application scope of the porous metal production method, the solvent) will be micro 40. Rushen porous metal production method, ΝΗ40Η. This method includes performing the next batching operation to show the basic filling material. Melting into high or low temperature, melting, melting irradiation, taking out operations, melting smelting casts, prototypes, unloading water or alkaline ultrasonic fillings, more than one residue between the clear walls, and a fine through hole at the reduction point For the organization, please refer to the scope of the patent, where the solvent is a fine-grained operation; choose the process that can be filled; use the furnace, enter the south or mix the particulates between the embryos; the material operation is in the chemical genus, borrow, remove Mouth · Mouth mouth: Department of: and, Pore organization program: High or low solubility in water Melting point will effect the above-mentioned cycle with low frequency. After cooling and filling: Dependency, choose ultrasonic The porous pores of the porous semi-finished product can be washed with boiling water by dissolving and dissolving the soluble oxide layer (film oxide layer (film)). 3 The fine through-hole structure described in item 9 is a porous metal such as NaOH, KOH, NH4C1 or porous metal. The manufacturing method is to smelt the fine powder of pure metal or alloy material as melting point or alkaline solvent as the melting point of the base material for melting and casting. Equipped with ultrasonic waves and then quickly vacuum cast the uniformly distributed products and densely stack them in the metal blanks that are melted to form particles that have been melted and polymerized. The fillers are soluble in miscible solvents, and Concavity effect, forming fine through-holes by structuring the base material of the metal blank P.38 593694 VI. Another drying operation in the scope of patent application; drying the water remaining between the walls of the through holes of the porous semi-finished product during the above cleaning operation; through the above operating procedures, micro-holes with fine through holes are produced. Finished porous metal or alloy structure. 4 2 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when a high-melting pure metal or alloy material is used as the base material for melting and casting, a high frequency furnace must be used for melting. _ 4 3 · The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein the base material for high-melting melting casting is a material using Cu metal or Cu and Zn, Sn, A1, or P alloy, The filler is a fine powder selected from MnO, Ti02, W03, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO. 4 4 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the base material for high melting point melting is a material using Fe metal, the filling material is selected from Mn0, Ti02, W03, V 20 3. Fine powder of ZnO or MgO i 〇_〜 一 _ '4 5 · The porous metal manufacturing method of the fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the patent application scope, wherein the base material for the high melting point casting uses Μη For metal or Mη and Fe or Ni alloy materials, the filler is fine powder selected from MnO, Ti02, W03, V 20 3, Z η 0 or M g 0. 4 6 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein the base material for the high-melting melting casting is a material using Mo metal or M◦ and Fe, Ni, C◦, or Cr alloy The filling is a fine powder of MgO. 4 7 · The fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application Page 39593694 6. Patent application scope Porous metal production method, in which the base material for high-melting melting casting is made of Ni metal or Ni and Fe, Cr, M0 or C0 alloy, and the filler is optional Fine powder of M η 0, T i 0 2, WO 3, V 20 3, Zη0 or Mg0. 4 8 · The porous metal manufacturing method according to item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the base material for high-melting melting casting is made of Ag metal or Ag and Cu alloy, the filling material is MnO, Ti02 , W03, V203, Zη0 or Mg0. _ 4 9. The method for making a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the base material for high melting point melting is a material using W metal or W and Ni, Cu or Ag alloy, it must be added during the batching Ni powder, and fine powder with fillers of MnO, Ti 0, W0 3, V203, ZnO or MgO is selected. 50. The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the base material for the high-melting melting casting is a material using V metal or V and Mo, Ni, Co, or Ti alloy, and filling The material is a fine powder selected from W03, V203, ZnO or MgO. 5 1 · The method for making m porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein the base material for high-melting melting casting is made of Ti metal or Ti and Al or Ni alloy or Co alloy The material is a fine powder selected from W03, V 20 3, ZnO or MgO. 5 2 · The method for making porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filling is CaC 1 2, compatible CH3CH20H (ethanol, alcohol) is used as the solvent. 5 3 · The fine through-hole structure as described in Item 52 of the scope of patent application Page 40 593694 VI. Application scope of patent The method of making porous metal, in which the metal or its alloy is used for sintering. 5 4. For example, the method of making porous metal, in which NH4C1 is used as the solvent. 5 5 · Patented porous metal production method, where these pure metals or their alloys are used as 5 6 · Patented porous metal production method, where cold or hot water is used as the solvent. 5 7 · As a patented porous metal manufacturing method, wherein the pure metal or its alloy is used as a fire 5 8 · As a patented porous metal manufacturing method, where the current NaOH or KOH is used as a solvent < 5 9 · As a patented porous metal manufacturing method, where These pure metals or their alloys are used as 60. For example, the patented porous metal manufacturing method uses NaOH or KOH as a solvent. 6 1 · If applying for a patent, the solvent is suitable for pure base materials such as Ab, Pb, Mg or Sn. When the filling material of the fine through-hole structure described in item 41 of the range is MnO, a solvent compatible with the fine through-hole structure described in item 54 of the range is suitable. Cu, Fe, Mg, M η or Ni is used for sintering. When the filling material of the fine through-hole structure described in the item 41 of the range is NaCl, a solvent compatible with the fine through-hole structure described in the item 56 of the range is suitable as A 1, P b, M g, or S. η, etc. are used when forming binders. When the filling material of the fine through-hole structure described in the item 41 of the range is T i 02, the solvent for the fine through-hole structure described in the compatible item of the item 58 is suitable to be Cu, F e, M η , Ni or M g are used for sintering. When the filling material of the fine through-hole structure described in item 41 of the range is W 0 3, it is compatible with the fine through-hole structure described in the item 60 of range. Page 41 593694 VI. Patent application method for porous metal production, in which the solvent is suitable to use pure metals such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, or Ti as the base material for sintering use. 6 2 * The porous metal production method according to item 41 of the scope of the patent application, wherein when the filling material is V 20 3, compatible N a Η Κ or Κ Ο 选用 is used as the solvent. 6 3 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 62 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is a pure metal suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, 乂, or Ti It is used when it is used as a sintering base. 6 4 * The porous metal production method according to item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filling material is ZnO, compatible NaOH or KOH is used as the solvent. 6 5 · The method for preparing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 64 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is a pure metal suitable for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, 乂, or Ti It is used when it is used as a sintering base. 6 6 · The porous metal production method according to item 41 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the filling material is MgO, compatible NHΗ40Η or NH4C1 is used as the solvent. 6 7 · The method for preparing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 6 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the solvent is a pure metal such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, V, Ti, or Mo, or the like The alloy is used as a base material for sintering. 6 8 · The method for producing a porous metal with a fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the volume ratio of the filler / base material for high or low melting point casting is > 1. 6 9 · As for the fine through-hole structure as described in item 41 of the patent application 593694 6. Method of patent application for porous metal production, where the melting point of the base material is less than 70%. · For application of special porous metal production method, which is carried out within . 7 1 · If applying for the special porous metal method, of which 7 2 · If applying for the special porous metal method, where the frequency is 100 ~ 140GHz, 7 3 · If applying for the special porous metal method, where a reduction is performed after the dry operation 7 4 · If applying Special porous metal production method, where the product is placed in a vacuum furnace, should be hunted to remove the fine pass 7 5 · If applying for the special porous metal production method, where) the solvent, the fine pass 7 6 · If applying for the special porous metal production method, where NH4OH. 7 7 · If applying for This smelting temperature is higher than the melting point of the filler for high or low melting point casting. The cleaning operation of the fine through-hole structure according to item 41 of the scope of interest is performed in a washing tank provided with an ultrasonic wave. The drying operation of the fine through-hole structure according to the scope of item 41 of this scope is performed in an infrared oven. The drying operation of the fine through-hole structure described in item 41 of the scope of interest is performed in a microwave oven with a microwave wavelength of 1 m to 1 m. When the filling material of the fine through-hole structure described in item 41 of the scope of interest is an oxide, it is necessary to complete the baking treatment to remove the oxide layer (film). The reduction process of the fine through-hole structure described in Item 73 of this invention is to form an oxide layer (film) between the anti-porous structures of the porous metal after drying and injecting a tritium reducing gas as a reducing oxide. The reduction treatment of the fine through-hole tissues described in Item 73 is performed by dissolving and dissolving the soluble oxide layer (the oxide layer (film) between the membrane pore tissues.) The solvent is NaOH, KOH, NH4C1 or the fine through-hole structure described in item 41 of the range. Page 43 593694, the scope of patent application is many =: ^ method ′ Where the pure metal with low melting point or the base material for the compound must be smelted using a low frequency furnace. For example, if the melting point is 7 8. For example, the method for making porous metal according to item 4 i of the patent application scope, wherein the low-melting point material is A1 and Si, Mg, Cu or Zn alloy material, the filler is two or, MnO, NaCl, Ti02, W03, ν? 〇, 7η (Η Μ η CaC1 2 7 9. As in the patent application No. 4 丄, the end of μ. Porous metal production method 'wherein the low melting point casting base is: 2 : For woven Pb and Sn or Zη alloy materials, the filling material is selected from the group consisting of Pb metal or MaC1, T102, W03, V203, Zn (^ Mg⑽fine powder Mn〇, 8 0 · For example, the method for making a porous metal according to item 4i of the patent application, wherein in the low melting point smelting, the material of the M-, A-domain Cu alloy with a two-two-pore structure is made of a core metal or NaH, T102, W03. , V2〇3, finely used CaCl2, MnO 3 V 2u3 Zn〇 or Mg〇 8 1 · As in the porous metal production method of the patent application No. 4 i, wherein the low melting point casting base = f ,,, When the material of the Ag and Cu alloy of the through-hole structure is used, the filling material is a fine powder selected from the group consisting of Mn0 = or V 20 3, ZnO, or MgO. 如 ιϋ2, W03, 8 2 · such as Patent scope No. 4 1 Method for making porous metal 'where Sn and Pb, Cii, or Bi alloy materials of the c-hole structure of the low-melting-point melting are used. Struggle = Second is the use of Sn metal or NaCl, TiO, WO, V0 It is a fine powder of CaCl2, MnO NaCl, T02, W03, V203, Zn or Mg.