【發明所屬之技術領域】 591876 本發明係有關一種間接式多功能感應電動機控制系統裝 置，尤指一種具有不斷電能力，並可規劃為個別或同時進行軟 式啟動、速度控制、即時功因補償、即時諧波補償、即時負載’ 電流偵測以調整最佳省能驅動電壓之間接式多功能感應電動 機控制系統裝置。 【先前技術】 目前具備大馬力數的感應馬達已廣泛使用於化工生產、煉 · 鋼、水泥製造、冷陳空調等產業上，用以啟動其中的風扇、幫 浦、輸送器（conveyor)等，可說是工業動力之母。而考量在傳 統能源來源逐漸短缺之下，如何有效率的利用能源，已成為全 球電力界一致急需面對之課題。 目前我國政府已將節約能源列為新世紀能源政策之首要 重點之一，為提高用電量佔65%之工業用電的使用效率，關於 馬達部份，規定自民國九十一年起將馬達效率之新檢驗標準提 高至美加國家標準（高出我國原有標準三至八個百分比）。以臺 · 灣目前之馬達用電量推估，新標準實施後，每年將可節約用電 八億度。 一般而言，提高馬達之效率有兩種方法：一為直接提高馬 達本體之效率（材料與本體結構），另一則為改善其驅動（供電） 方式。對於既有之馬達而言，後者是最有效且唯一之選擇。隨 著半導體技術快速發展，於是得以提供各類高容量、高切換速 度之電力電子元件，廣泛應用於電機、電力相關領域。其中在 電機控制方面亦因此獲得大幅突破，透過這些電力電子元件的 591876 整合應用，並配合高性能#劍 ....y 工帝益及σΚ唬處理技術的不斷提升， 使低彳貝位低維護成木的咸廡祕^ > 隻成本的感應機父流伺服系統成為目前工業應 用的主^，並且逐漸取代直流機的市場地位。[Technical field to which the invention belongs] 591876 The present invention relates to an indirect multifunctional induction motor control system device, especially a device with continuous power capability and can be planned for individual or simultaneous soft start, speed control, and instantaneous power factor compensation , Instant harmonic compensation, instant load 'current detection to adjust the best energy-saving drive voltage indirect multifunctional induction motor control system device. [Previous technology] At present, induction motors with large horsepower have been widely used in industries such as chemical production, steelmaking, cement manufacturing, and cooling and air-conditioning. They are used to start fans, pumps, and conveyors. Can be said to be the mother of industrial power. Considering that with the gradual shortage of traditional energy sources, how to use energy efficiently has become a topic that the global power industry must urgently face. At present, the Chinese government has listed energy conservation as one of the first priorities of the energy policy of the new century. In order to improve the efficiency of industrial electricity consumption, which accounts for 65% of electricity consumption, the motor part has been stipulated to have the motor The new test standard for efficiency has been raised to the US and Canadian national standards (three to eight percentages higher than our original standards). Based on Taiwan's current motor power consumption estimates, the implementation of the new standard will save 800 million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually. Generally speaking, there are two ways to improve the efficiency of the motor: one is to directly improve the efficiency of the motor body (material and body structure), and the other is to improve its driving (power supply) method. For existing motors, the latter is the most effective and only option. With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, it has been able to provide various types of high-capacity, high-speed switching power electronic components, which are widely used in motors and power-related fields. Among them, a significant breakthrough has been achieved in motor control. Through the integration of these power electronic components, 591876, combined with the continuous improvement of high-performance # 剑 .... y Gongdiyi and σΚ 唬 treatment technology, making the low-level shell low Maintaining the secret of the wood ^ > The cost-only induction machine parent flow servo system has become the mainstay of current industrial applications, and it has gradually replaced the market position of DC machines.
交流機伺服系統的研究發展，一路走來已有數十年的歷史 ’大致上可以歸納為純量控制（Scalar c〇nt⑽與向量控制 tor Control)兩種方案。純量控制方案為所謂的電壓頻率 控制法（v/n ;而向量控制方案則有磁場導向控制法（Fieid Onented Control，F〇c)與直接轉矩控制法⑼如丁〇寧 Control，DTC)等。透過向量控制法的運用，可使感應電動機 得到如同直流電動機般快速的響應，目前磁場導向控制法已經 相當成熟，且已有商品化之控制器問世，而直接轉矩控制法實 為較晚出現之改良方法。 然而，不管是純量控制（ScalarC〇ntr〇1)方案或向量控制 (Vector Control)方案，除了各式控制器及感測器單元外，皆 須使用一個容量大於受控電動機容量之變頻器（Inverters Converters)直接與受驅動之電動機串聯。如圖一為目前此類 控制之系統裝置方塊圖，其包括有一三相電源（A )與一三相感 應電動機（D)，並在三相電源與三相感應電動機之間春 串聯AC/DC電力轉換器（b )及切換式dc/ac電力轉換器（換流 器）（C ) ’並藉由各式控制器（e )發出控制信號去控制串聯於 電路中之AC/DC電力轉換器（b)及切換式DC/AC電力轉換器（換 流器）（C)。 然而，此種控制裝置有下列缺點： 一·應用於大容量電機控制場合系統成本及設計難度提高 由於三相電源（A )與三相感應電動機（D)之間須介入（串 聯）AC/DC電力轉換器（B)及切換式DC/AC電力轉換器（換流 6 591876 、· 器）（C)，針對大馬力數感應電動機（D)之應用場合，大容量 切換式DC/AC電力轉換器（換流器）（c)與各式控制器（e)之 設計難度及成本將大幅提高。 二·非正弦波之電動機電壓電流波形 由於二相電源（A)與三相感應電動機（d )之間介入了切 換式DC/AC電力轉換器（換流器）（c),三相感應電動機（D) 之電壓及電流都不再是正弦波。此情形將影響三相感應電動機 (D )之暫態響應，並產生轉矩脈動及噪音等情形。 二·電動機之基波電流受限 二相感應電動機（D)所產生的穩定轉矩最主要決定於三 相感應電動機（D)基波電流的大小。由於三相電源（A)與三相 感應電動機（D)之間介人了謂c電力轉換器（B)及切換式 DC/AC電力轉換器（換流器）（〇,三相感應電動機⑻之基波 電流無可避免的將降低。 四·電動機電流之等效合成均方根值變大 三相感應電動機⑻的銅損與電流均方根值的平方成正 比，銅抽產生熱量造成三相感應電動機⑻的運轉溫升，因為The research and development of the AC servo system has a history of several decades. It can be summarized into two schemes: scalar control and vector control. The scalar control scheme is the so-called voltage-frequency control method (v / n; while the vector control scheme includes the field-oriented control method (Fieid Onented Control, F0c) and the direct torque control method, such as Dingoning Control (DTC)) Wait. By using the vector control method, the induction motor can get a response as fast as a DC motor. At present, the field-oriented control method is quite mature, and a commercial controller has come out. The direct torque control method is relatively late. Improved methods. However, whether it is a scalar control scheme or a vector control scheme, in addition to various controllers and sensor units, an inverter with a capacity greater than the capacity of the controlled motor must be used ( Inverters Converters) are directly connected in series with the driven motors. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a current type of control system device, which includes a three-phase power supply (A) and a three-phase induction motor (D), and a series AC / DC power converter (b) and switching dc / ac power converter (converter) (C) 'and control signals from various controllers (e) to control AC / DC power conversion connected in series Converter (b) and switching DC / AC power converter (converter) (C). However, this kind of control device has the following disadvantages: First, the system cost and design difficulty increase in the application of large-capacity motor control. Because three-phase power (A) and three-phase induction motor (D) must be interposed (series) AC / DC Power converter (B) and switching DC / AC power converter (inverter 6 591876, · device) (C), for the application of high-horsepower induction motor (D), large-capacity switching DC / AC power conversion The design difficulty and cost of the converter (converter) (c) and various controllers (e) will increase significantly. 2. The voltage and current waveforms of non-sinusoidal motors. Because the two-phase power supply (A) and the three-phase induction motor (d) involve a switching DC / AC power converter (converter) (c), the three-phase induction motor (D) The voltage and current are no longer sine waves. This situation will affect the transient response of the three-phase induction motor (D), and produce torque ripple and noise. Second, the fundamental current of the motor is limited. The stable torque generated by the two-phase induction motor (D) is mainly determined by the magnitude of the fundamental current of the three-phase induction motor (D). Because the three-phase power supply (A) and the three-phase induction motor (D) are referred to as c power converter (B) and switching DC / AC power converter (converter) (〇, three-phase induction motor ⑻) The fundamental wave current will inevitably be reduced. Four. The equivalent rms value of the motor current becomes larger. The three-phase induction motor's copper loss is proportional to the square of the rms value of the current. The operating temperature of the phase induction motor 升 rises because
電流不是正弦，所以等效均方根值比基波之均方根值要大，因 此產生額外的系統損失使效率降低。 因此，前述諸多缺點實存於 作進一步改良之必要。 【發明目的】 目刖使用之糸統中，實有將之 機種間接式多功能感應電動 ==係為了解決前述問題而提出-種全新之控制裝置 式’尤心—種以電力轉換器為主要控制元件之新式(間接 7 式）多功能三相感應電動機驅動裝置。 【内容】 本發明係提供-種間接式多功能感應電動機控制裝置 指-種以電力轉換器為主要控制元件之新式(間接式)多功能 二相感應電動機控制裝置，使用此—控制裝置可發展個別或同 時執行多種控制功能之所有感應機（包含感應電動機與發電機） 控制方案。此-控制裝置可以規劃為個別或同時執行下列功 能：軟式啟動控制，速度控制，功因㈣，諧波控制，無載及 幸二載省此控制’不斷電功能，感應發電機功率控制等。 【實施方式】 圖一為本發明所提間接式多功能感應電動機控制裝置 (Indirect Multi-functional Induction Machine Control Device, IMIMCD)之系統裝置方塊圖。IMIMCD之設計除了可以 改善目刖現有控制方式之缺點外，它是一種全新之控制裝置（ 間接式）。該控制裝置包含有一三相電源（1〇，一三相感應電 動機（I)，一並聯耦合變壓器（G)，一並聯AC/DC電力轉換器 模組（J)，一串聯耦合變壓器，一串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模 組（K)，在串並聯兩個電力轉換器模組（J)、（κ)間有一直流儲 能介面’整個裝置則藉由各式控制器（。單元整合完成。 為了進一步說明本發明之内容及其實施方式，圖三為一 較洋細之IMIMCD系統裝置圖，本發明所提控制裝置主要包含 有兩組電力轉換器模組（p〇wer c〇nverter module )(R)、（T) ’其中一組並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組（R)與三相電源（M)並聯 ’另一組串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組（Τ)以串聯耦合變壓器（Ρ) 之二次側耦合至受控三相感應電動機（Q)之供電線路中；一組 共用之直流儲能介面（DC Energy Storage Inter face) (S)整合The current is not sinusoidal, so the equivalent root mean square value is greater than the root mean square value of the fundamental wave. Therefore, additional system losses result in reduced efficiency. Therefore, many of the aforementioned shortcomings are actually necessary for further improvement. [Objective of the Invention] In the system used for this purpose, there are actually indirect multi-function induction motors of the machine type == proposed in order to solve the aforementioned problems-a new type of control device type "Youxin"-a power converter as the main A new type (indirect 7 type) multifunctional three-phase induction motor drive for control elements. [Content] The present invention provides-a type of indirect multifunctional induction motor control device-a new (indirect) multifunctional two-phase induction motor control device with a power converter as the main control element, using this-the control device can be developed All induction machines (including induction motors and generators) control solutions that perform multiple control functions individually or simultaneously. This control device can be planned to perform the following functions individually or simultaneously: soft-start control, speed control, power factor, harmonic control, no-load and fortunately, this control ’continuous power function, induction generator power control, etc. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system device of an Indirect Multi-functional Induction Machine Control Device (IMIMCD) according to the present invention. In addition to improving the shortcomings of the existing control methods, IMIMCD is a brand new control device (indirect). The control device includes a three-phase power supply (10, a three-phase induction motor (I), a parallel coupling transformer (G), a parallel AC / DC power converter module (J), a series coupling transformer, and a A series DC / AC power converter module (K), a DC energy storage interface between the two power converter modules (J), (κ) in series and parallel. 'The entire device is integrated by various controllers (. Unit integration In order to further explain the content of the present invention and its implementation, FIG. 3 is a more detailed IMIMCD system device diagram, and the control device provided by the present invention mainly includes two sets of power converter modules (power cone) module) (R), (T) 'One of a group of parallel AC / DC power converter modules (R) and three-phase power (M) in parallel' another group of series DC / AC power converter modules (T) to The secondary side of the series coupling transformer (P) is coupled to the power supply line of the controlled three-phase induction motor (Q); a set of common DC Energy Storage Interface (S) integration
591876 ' I 器模組⑻、⑴，並造就—個儲能的機制 及k仏實功率雙向流動之路徑。最後，一個可規劃為 各式控器一單元⑻完成整個系統之設計。特別值得一提：： ，由於流入三相感應電動機（Q)之電流並無直接通過串聯DC/= ，力轉，器模組⑴，因此輸入三相感應電動機(Q)之電壓及電 流可以是正弦波，且和相同馬力數之感應電動機驅動系統作比 較IMIMCD之系統容量依控制方式而定可以小上數倍至數十侪 之多’以成本考量此為一大優點。 。591876 'I device modules ⑻, ⑴, and created an energy storage mechanism and k 仏 real power two-way flow path. Finally, one unit can be planned as various controllers to complete the design of the entire system. It is particularly worth mentioning:: Since the current flowing into the three-phase induction motor (Q) does not directly pass through the series DC / =, force transfer, and module, the voltage and current input to the three-phase induction motor (Q) can be Sine wave, and compared with the induction motor drive system of the same horsepower number, the system capacity of IMIMCD can be several times smaller than tens of thousands depending on the control method. This is a great advantage in terms of cost. .
特別值得一提的是本發明所提IMIMCD可以較小容量之轉 換器設計達到控制數倍大容量之感應電機（包含感應電動機與 發電機），並可規劃具有不斷電能力及可個別或同時執行下列 控制功能··軟式啟動控制；速度控制；功因控制；諧波補償； 無載及輕載省能控制等。這些特性在考量提昇電力品質與省能 控制等設計及許多實際應用場合，例如電梯、緊急逃生傳動機 構、重要生產線等極具實用價值。 詳細說明系統裝置及設計原理如後： 一 ·三相電源（Μ) 為未經特別控制之一般配電電源，三相三線式或三相四線 · 式之各級交流電壓。 二·三相感應電動機（Q) 為未經特別設計之一般三相感應電動機（發電機）（Q)，鼠 籠式或繞線式。 並聯 AC/DC 電力轉換器模組（parai iei power Converters or Inverters)(R) 此組並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組（R)並聯於供電三相電源 9 591876 1' ⑻可即時進行譜波電流補償及無效功率補償（功因補償），它 和傳統型的無效功率補償器有相同的控制目的但在原理及結 構上卻大大不同。傳統型的功因補償器必須使用大量的電感及 電容器組’而本系統則以採用三相同步電力轉換器配合一組直 流儲能介面（S)產生一個即時可控之三相同步電壓源。從圖三 可以清楚的看出此組並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組⑻系統包含 有直流儲能介面（S) ’因此他與被補償電源系統之間可進行有 效及無效功率的轉換。工作時注入系統的無效功率的大小，可 以藉由控制並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組（R)輸出電壓的大小來 調整。假如並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組（R)的輸出電壓大於系 _ 統的電壓，那麼此組並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組（1?)將供應無 效功率給系統，反之如果系統的電壓較大則此組並聯A c / D c電 力轉換器模組（R)處於吸收無效功率的狀況。特別值得一提的 是’在補償動作進行的同時，此組並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組 (R)系統可以向直流儲能介面（S)充電並自我維持直流（dc)能 量儲存元件上電壓的大小為一預設值。這個任務是由内部控制 系統設法調整轉換器輸出電壓的相位滯後系統電壓一個很小 的角度。如此一來，少量的有效功率可以由系統流入直流儲能 · 介面（S)中以補償系統中所有電力轉換器模組（R)、之内部 損失所造成的電壓降落，並隨時儲存備用能量。由於並聯AC/DC 電力轉換器模組（R )反應時間極短’它極適合進行系統電壓快 速穩定控制及即時電流補償（諧波補償）。 四·並聯耦合變壓器（0) 係耦合供電三相電源（M)與並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組（R) 輸出端之電壓等級並達成低通濾波功能。 五·串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組（Series Power Converters or ίοIt is particularly worth mentioning that the IMIMCD of the present invention can be designed with a small-capacity converter to control multiple times of large-capacity induction motors (including induction motors and generators), and can be planned to have continuous power capacity and can be individually or simultaneously Perform the following control functions: Soft start control; speed control; power factor control; harmonic compensation; no-load and light-load energy-saving control. These characteristics are of great practical value when considering the design of improving power quality and energy-saving control and many practical applications, such as elevators, emergency escape transmissions, and important production lines. The detailed description of the system device and design principle is as follows: 1. Three-phase power (M) is a general distribution power source without special control, three-phase three-wire type or three-phase four-wire type AC voltage at all levels. 2. Three-phase induction motor (Q) is a general three-phase induction motor (generator) (Q) without special design, squirrel-cage or winding type. Parallel AC / DC power converters (Inverters) (R) This parallel AC / DC power converters (R) are connected in parallel to a three-phase power supply 9 591876 1 ' Current compensation and reactive power compensation (power factor compensation), it has the same control purpose as the traditional reactive power compensator, but it is greatly different in principle and structure. The traditional power factor compensator must use a large number of inductors and capacitor banks ’, and this system uses a three-phase synchronous power converter with a set of DC energy storage interface (S) to generate a real-time controllable three-phase synchronous voltage source. From Figure 3, it can be clearly seen that this group of parallel AC / DC power converter modules. The system includes a DC energy storage interface (S) ′. Therefore, it can perform effective and invalid power conversion between it and the compensated power system. The amount of reactive power injected into the system during operation can be adjusted by controlling the output voltage of the parallel AC / DC power converter module (R). If the output voltage of the parallel AC / DC power converter module (R) is greater than the voltage of the system, then this parallel AC / DC power converter module (1?) Will supply invalid power to the system, otherwise if the system ’s If the voltage is large, this group of parallel A c / D c power converter modules (R) is in a state of absorbing reactive power. It is particularly worth mentioning that 'while the compensation action is being performed, this parallel AC / DC power converter module (R) system can charge the DC energy storage interface (S) and self-sustain on the DC (dc) energy storage element. The magnitude of the voltage is a preset value. This task is managed by the internal control system to adjust the phase lag of the converter output voltage to a small angle of the system voltage. In this way, a small amount of effective power can flow from the system into the DC energy storage interface (S) to compensate for the voltage drop caused by the internal losses of all the power converter modules (R) in the system and store the backup energy at any time. Due to the extremely short response time of the parallel AC / DC power converter module (R), it is very suitable for fast and stable control of system voltage and instantaneous current compensation (harmonic compensation). Four. Parallel coupling transformer (0) is a coupling power supply three-phase power supply (M) and parallel AC / DC power converter module (R) output terminal voltage level and achieve low-pass filtering. V. Series DC / AC Power Converter Module (Series Power Converters or ίο
Inverters)(T) 此組争聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組（T)之輸出電壓經由串聯 耦合變壓器（Ρ)串聯於供電三相電源（Μ)與受控三相感應電動 機（Q)之間，經由即時控制三相串聯控制電壓之大小及相位進 而快速影響三相感應電動機（Q)實際三相電流，設計之各式控 制器單7G (U)將使流入三相感應電動機（Q)之電流儘可能追隨 三相命令電流變化，至於追隨的程度如何則依控制器單元 之實際性能而定。由圖三可知此組串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組 (τ)之基本架構和並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組完全一樣但 疋其與受控系統之連接方式以及控制三相感應電動機（q)之有 效及無效功率的方式卻完全不同。基本上，此組串聯沉/从電 力轉換器模組（T)的控制觀念是本發明的主要重點所在，其等 效於在供電線路中串聯一個即時且大小值可控之電感器、電容 器、電阻器、同步同向電壓、同步反向電壓，或是任何以上各 種之任意組合的等效元件。試想吾人若在供電線路上串聯某一 電谷器，則等效於產生一個線路基頻的容抗電壓。而這個電壓 的相位將和線路電感及感應機定部電感成份所產生的電壓相 差180度。簡單的講，若供電線路串了一個適當大小之電 容器則此日夺電機之電氣特性將等效於運轉於某一個較大功率 操作點。換言之，合成後的等效總體電抗壓降變小了，三相感 應電動機（Q)之輸入電流將增加，轉矩與轉子速度也將增加’， 同理，其他可能的等效情況則可依此推論進行分析。 基於這個想法，假如此組串聯DC/訧電力轉換器模组（τ) 可以產生-個任意可控的電屡大小及相位，並能有效地控制其 電壓相位與線路電流相位之差值，而其電壓大小值則可被控制 和線路電流維持某一比例或無一定關係，如此一來，一個^控 制的電壓串聯在電機供電的 個可任意微調的參數，而針、、2效於在線路中串聯一 響效果當然也可完全掌握。特;3機：統之輸出物理量的影 认-知““必 特別值得一提的S，此控制方式由 器=(Tf: 並無直接通過串聯DC/AC電力轉換 器模組⑺’因此輸入三相感應電動機(Q)之電壓及電流可以是 正弦波，且和相同馬力數 > 二& 一相感應電動機（Q)驅動系統作比 較此組串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組⑺之系統容量依控制方式 而定可以小上數倍至數十倍之多。 六·串聯耦合變壓器（P) _ 此串聯耗合變壓器（P)係麵合三相感應電動機⑻供電線 路與串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組⑺輸出端之電壓進行主要控 制功能並達成低通濾波效果。 七·直流儲能介面（DC Energy Storage Interface)(S) 此直流儲能介面可整合系統中兩組電力轉換器模組、 (Ό，提供實功率雙向流動之路徑並造就一個儲能的機制。 八·各式控制器單元（Control Units)〇J) 本發明之控制裝置可規劃之控制功能包括同時或個別執摩 行：軟式啟動控制；速度控制；功因控制；諧波補償；不斷電 操作，無載及輕載省能控制等。 九·不斷電操作開關（Uninterruptible Power Supply，UPS Switch)(N) ups-swa，ups-swb，ups-swc分別為不斷電操作時安置於 電源線路a相、b相及c相三個同步操作之高速開關，在配電 系統斷電時迅速隔離供電三相電源（M)改由串聯DC/AC電力轉 12 591876 換器模組（τ)及直流儲能介面（s)結合並聯Ac/Dc電力轉換器 模組（R)經由串聯及並聯耦合變壓器（p)、（〇)繼續供電給受控 三相感應電動機，此時供電之容量將不超過串並聯電力轉換器 模組（R)、（T)之容篁總和，而供電之時間長短則視直流儲能介 面（S)設計之實際容量而定。 請配合參閱圖三及圖四，圖四中所示者為本發明所選用之 實施例，此速度控制方案僅供說明之用，在專利申請上並不受 此例之限制。 由於本發明所提之控制裝置可規劃之控制功能很多，以下 僅就速度控制的部分提出說明，圖四為IMIMCD速度控制方案 之系統方塊圖。其中各方塊之進一步說明如下： 一·串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組（w) 由於系統中此電力轉換器模組之容量不會太高，因此， 脈波寬度調變（PWM)型電力轉換器為較佳選擇。設計時為了降 低電路實作之失敗率，系統中電力轉換器組内之電力開關元件 可使用智慧型電力模組（Intel 1 igent Power Module，IPM )， 此種IPM内含有若干組隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體（InsulatedInverters) (T) The output voltage of this group of DC / AC power converter modules (T) is connected in series to the three-phase power supply (M) and the controlled three-phase induction motor (Q) through a series coupling transformer (P). By controlling the magnitude and phase of the three-phase series control voltage in real time and then quickly affecting the actual three-phase current of the three-phase induction motor (Q), various controllers designed for single 7G (U) will flow into the three-phase induction motor (Q) The current follows the change of the three-phase command current as much as possible. The degree of following depends on the actual performance of the controller unit. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the basic architecture of this series DC / AC power converter module (τ) is exactly the same as the parallel AC / DC power converter module, but it is connected to the controlled system and controls the three-phase induction motor ( q) The methods of effective and reactive power are completely different. Basically, the control concept of this series of sink / slave power converter modules (T) is the main focus of the present invention, which is equivalent to connecting an instantaneous and controllable inductor, capacitor, Resistors, synchronous forward voltages, synchronous reverse voltages, or equivalent components of any combination of any of the above. Imagine that if we connect a certain valley device in series on the power supply line, it is equivalent to generating a capacitive reactance voltage of the line fundamental frequency. The phase of this voltage will be 180 degrees different from the voltage generated by the line inductance and the inductance component of the fixed part of the induction machine. To put it simply, if a suitable size capacitor is connected to the power supply line, the electrical characteristics of the motor will be equivalent to operating at a higher power operating point. In other words, the equivalent overall reactance voltage drop becomes smaller after synthesis, the input current of the three-phase induction motor (Q) will increase, and the torque and rotor speed will also increase. 'Similarly, for other possible equivalent situations, Analyze based on this inference. Based on this idea, if such a series DC / 訧 power converter module (τ) can generate an arbitrarily controllable power repeat size and phase, and can effectively control the difference between its voltage phase and line current phase, and The voltage value can be controlled and maintain a certain proportion or no relationship with the line current. In this way, a ^ controlled voltage is connected in series to the motor's power supply, which can be arbitrarily adjusted. Of course, the effect of a series of sounds can also be fully grasped. Special; 3 machine: the output of the physical quantity of the system-know "" must be particularly worth mentioning S, this control method by the device = (Tf: does not directly pass the series DC / AC power converter module ⑺ 'therefore input The voltage and current of the three-phase induction motor (Q) can be sine waves, and compared with the same horsepower > two & one-phase induction motor (Q) drive system. This series of DC / AC power converter modules The system capacity can be several times to dozens of times smaller depending on the control method. 6. Series coupling transformer (P) _ This series loss transformer (P) is a combination of a three-phase induction motor, a power supply line and a series DC / AC power converter module⑺ The voltage at the output terminal performs the main control function and achieves a low-pass filtering effect. DC Energy Storage Interface (S) This DC energy storage interface can integrate two sets of power conversion in the system Controller module, (Ό) provides a path for real power bidirectional flow and creates an energy storage mechanism. 8. Various Controller Units (Control Units) 0J) The control functions that can be planned by the control device of the present invention include simultaneous or individual Execution: Soft start control; speed control; power factor control; harmonic compensation; continuous power operation, no-load and light-load energy-saving control, etc. IX. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS Switch) (N) ups- swa, ups-swb, and ups-swc are high-speed switches that are placed on the power line a, b, and c synchronously during uninterrupted operation, and quickly isolate the three-phase power supply (M ) Change from series DC / AC power to 12 591876 converter module (τ) and DC energy storage interface (s) combined with parallel Ac / Dc power converter module (R) via series and parallel coupling transformers (p), ( 〇) Continue to supply power to the controlled three-phase induction motor. At this time, the capacity of the power supply will not exceed the total capacity of the series and parallel power converter modules (R) and (T). The duration of power supply depends on the DC energy storage interface. (S) It depends on the actual capacity of the design. Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4. The one shown in Figure 4 is the selected embodiment of the present invention. This speed control scheme is for illustration only and is not for patent application. Limited by this example. Because the control device of the present invention There are many planned control functions. The following only describes the speed control part. Figure 4 is a system block diagram of the IMIMCD speed control scheme. The further description of each block is as follows: 1. Series DC / AC power converter module (w) Since the capacity of the power converter module in the system will not be too high, a pulse width modulation (PWM) type power converter is a better choice. In order to reduce the failure rate of circuit implementation, the power conversion in the system is designed. The intelligent switching module (Intel 1 igent Power Module, IPM) can be used as the power switching element in the power bank. This IPM contains several sets of isolated gate bipolar transistors (Insulated
Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)，及飛輪二極體，IGBT閘極 驅動電路及故障檢知保護電路，功能相當強大。此外，目前一 般IPM内已具有4種故障檢知及保護電路： 1 ·過電流保護電路（0C):當隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體之集射極 電流超過電流上限時，隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體之閘極自動 遮斷。 2·短路電流保護電路（SC):當隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體之短路 13 591876 電流超過電流上限時’隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體之閘極自動 遮斷。 3·過熱保護電路（0T):當智慧型電力模組基層操作溫度超過 118°C時，隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體之閘極自動遮斷。 4·控制電源電壓過低保護電路（UV):當控制電源電壓低於某一 設定值時，隔離式閘極雙極性電晶體之閘極自動遮斷。 其中過電流保護電路與短路電流保護電路保護遮斷時間 為1〜2ms，一般智慧型電力模組内部並無保護鎖住功能，一旦 有故障發生，雖然智慧型電力模組已自動遮斷，但仍會再重置 啟動。為安全考慮，一發生故障時應該將外部之脈波寬度調變 切換信號予以遮斷，以免智慧型電力模組因重複性之遮斷_重 置-啟動過程產生熱破壞而燒燬。 二·感應機電流控制器（V) 基本上’本發明所提控制裝置可適用於任何一般速度控制 器之控制律，較高階之電流控制方式可採用三相電流控制脈波 寬度5周變型，其動作原理為母一相各有一組遲滞比較器，主要 功能為使三相串聯控制電壓快速影響電動機實際三相電流，使 儘可能追隨三相命令電流變化，至於追隨的程度如何，可規劃 由一響應變數（Response Index，RI)的大小來決定。 三·正弦/餘弦（SIN/C0S)產生電路（z) 正弦/餘弦之產生電路可由任何一種微處理機或數位信號 處理器（Digital Signal Processor, DSP)計算出弋後，經數 比/類位（D/A)卡送出至由電壓/頻率（V/F)及計數器（c〇unter) 所構成的電壓控制震盪器（VC0)電路，再接至一正弦/餘弦表 (SIN/COS TABLE)燒錄完成的可清除重規劃唯讀記憶體 14 591876 (EPROM)，其中四象限乘法器功能則可利用數位/類比轉換器 (D/A CONVERTER)及運算放大器（0P)來完成，其它轉換合成電 路亦可經由運算放大器電路完成。為提高精密度，燒錄在可清 除重規劃唯讀記憶體内的正弦/餘弦表及數位/類比轉換器一 般必須採用12位元（BIT)以上來設計。 四·座標轴轉換電路方塊（Y) 由於本控制例擬採用的感應馬達數學模式是以靜止參考 座標來進行設計，所以同步旋轉參考座標軸至靜止參考座標軸 的轉換及靜止參考座標軸二相至三相的轉換，必須由_個座標 軸轉換電路來完成。需執行之轉換公式如下： 下 (2) ^ = ~^qe sin ω€ί + ieds cos ωβί l=v (3) (4) 丨(5) 4=士，> (6)Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and flywheel diode, IGBT gate drive circuit and fault detection and protection circuit, which are quite powerful. In addition, there are currently 4 types of fault detection and protection circuits in general IPMs: 1 Overcurrent protection circuit (0C): When the collector-emitter current of an isolated gate bipolar transistor exceeds the upper current limit, the isolated gate The gate of the bipolar transistor is automatically cut off. 2 · Short-circuit current protection circuit (SC): When the short circuit of the isolated gate bipolar transistor is shorted 13 591876 When the current exceeds the upper limit of the current, the gate of the isolated gate bipolar transistor is automatically shut off. 3. Overheating protection circuit (0T): When the operating temperature of the base layer of the intelligent power module exceeds 118 ° C, the gate of the isolated gate bipolar transistor is automatically cut off. 4 · Control power supply voltage is too low protection circuit (UV): When the control power supply voltage is lower than a certain set value, the gate of the isolated gate bipolar transistor is automatically cut off. Among them, the over-current protection circuit and short-circuit current protection circuit have a protection interruption time of 1 ~ 2ms. Generally, there is no protection lock function in smart power modules. Once a fault occurs, although the smart power module has automatically shut down, but It will still reset and start again. For safety reasons, the external pulse width modulation switching signal should be interrupted when a fault occurs, so as to prevent the intelligent power module from being burnt due to thermal damage caused by repeated interruption_reset-startup process. 2. Induction machine current controller (V) Basically, the control device provided by the present invention can be applied to any general speed controller control law, and the higher-order current control method can adopt a three-phase current control pulse width 5 cycle variant. Its operating principle is a set of hysteresis comparators for each phase of the mother and the main phase. The main function is to make the three-phase series control voltage quickly affect the actual three-phase current of the motor, so as to follow the change of the three-phase command current as much as possible. As for the degree of follow-up, you can plan Determined by the size of a Response Index (RI). Three. Sine / cosine (SIN / C0S) generation circuit (z) The sine / cosine generation circuit can be calculated by any kind of microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) (D / A) card is sent to the voltage-controlled oscillator (VC0) circuit composed of voltage / frequency (V / F) and counter (cunter), and then connected to a sine / cosine table (SIN / COS TABLE) The reprogrammable read-only read-only memory 14 591876 (EPROM) is completed. The four-quadrant multiplier function can be completed by a digital / analog converter (D / A CONVERTER) and an operational amplifier (0P). The circuit can also be completed by an operational amplifier circuit. In order to improve the precision, the sine / cosine tables and digital / analog converters burned into the reprogrammable read-only memory must generally be designed with more than 12 bits (BIT). Four. Coordinate axis conversion circuit block (Y) Since the mathematical model of the induction motor to be used in this control example is designed with stationary reference coordinates, the conversion of the synchronous reference axis to the stationary reference coordinate axis and the stationary reference axis two-phase to three-phase The conversion must be completed by the coordinate axis conversion circuit. The conversion formula to be performed is as follows: (2) ^ = ~ ^ qe sin ω € ί + ieds cos ωβί l = v (3) (4) 丨 (5) 4 = 4, > (6)
(7)(7)
圖四中之感應機速度控制器（x)則可採用任何目前已成 種設計方法進行規劃，由於此部份内容與本發明所提控 制裝置無直接關係，故簡略之。 【圖式簡單說明】 請參閱以下有關本發明及一典型實施例之附圖及 明，將可進一步瞭解本發明之技術内 容及其目的功效； 其說 有關 15 本發明及一典型實施例之附圖為： 圖一為習知感應電動機控制之系統裝置方塊圖； 圖一為本發明所提間接式多功能感應機控制裝置（IMIMCD) 之系統方塊圖； 圖三為本發明所提間接式多功能感應機控制裝置（imimcd) 之系統架構圖；以及 圖四為本發明所選用之實施例（以IMIMCD為基礎之感應機 速度控制）之系統方塊圖。 【圖中元件代表符號簡單說明】 (A) 三相電源 (B) AC/DC電力轉換器 (C) DC/AC電力轉換器 (D) 三相感應電動機 (E) 各式控制器 (F) 三相電源 (G) 並聯耦合變壓器 (H) 串聯耦合變壓器 (I) 三相感應電動機 (J) 並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組 (K) 串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組 (L) 各式控制器 (M) 三相電源 (N) 不斷電操作開關 (〇) 並聯耦合變壓器 591876 (P) 串聯耦合變壓器 (Q) 三相感應電動機 (R) 並聯AC/DC電力轉換器模組 (S ) 直流儲能介面 (T) 串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組 (U) 各式控制器單元 (V) 感應機電流控制器 (W) 串聯DC/AC電力轉換器模組 (X) 感應機速度控制器 _ (Y) 座標軸轉換電路 (Z) SIN/COS產生電路The speed controller (x) of the induction machine in Fig. 4 can be planned by any design method that has already been developed. Since this part has no direct relationship with the control device proposed by the present invention, it is abbreviated. [Brief description of the drawings] Please refer to the following drawings and descriptions of the present invention and a typical embodiment to further understand the technical content of the present invention and its purpose and effect; The diagram is: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional induction motor control system; FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an indirect multifunctional induction machine control device (IMIMCD) according to the present invention; FIG. A system architecture diagram of a function induction machine control device (imimcd); and FIG. 4 is a system block diagram of the selected embodiment of the present invention (IMIMCD-based induction machine speed control). [A brief description of the symbols in the figure] (A) Three-phase power supply (B) AC / DC power converter (C) DC / AC power converter (D) Three-phase induction motor (E) Various controllers (F) Three-phase power supply (G) Parallel coupling transformer (H) Series coupling transformer (I) Three-phase induction motor (J) Parallel AC / DC power converter module (K) Series DC / AC power converter module (L) Each Controller (M) Three-phase power (N) Uninterrupted operation switch (〇) Parallel coupling transformer 591876 (P) Series coupling transformer (Q) Three-phase induction motor (R) Parallel AC / DC power converter module ( S) DC energy storage interface (T) Series DC / AC power converter module (U) Various controller units (V) Induction machine current controller (W) Series DC / AC power converter module (X) Induction Speed controller_ (Y) Coordinate axis conversion circuit (Z) SIN / COS generation circuit
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