591847 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種具多功能模式之再生能源變流裝置 ，尤指-種應用於再生能源（如：太陽能源光電陽能源、 風能、水能等能源）的變流技術。 【先前技術】 太陽能源是-種無污染且取之不盡的能源，除可針對市電 供電不易的偏遠地區是為-種直接享受電力供應的最佳方式外 ，各國政府亦大量鼓勵一般家庭裝設太陽能供電設備，以減少 發電廠供應市電的負擔，同時可解決核能發電的核廢料以及火 力發電的二氧化碳污染環境的環保問題。 I*隹太陽月匕源發電设備的價錢昂貴，且會依照不同連接負 載形式，使設備的轉換效率高低不一致，如第七圖所示，係為 一習用太陽能源變流裝置的方塊圖，其適用於獨立負載，其包 含有= -充電器（70)，係連接至太陽能板（8〇)的直流輸 出端； 一升壓單7L ( 7 1 )，係連接至該充電器（7 〇 )和電池 (7 3 )的輸出端，將其輸出直流電壓轉換為高直流電壓； 一變流器（7 2 )，係連接至該升壓單元（7丄），將高 直流電壓轉換為交流電壓後輸出至獨立負載（81); 一蓄電池（73)，係連接至該充電器（7Q)的輸出端 上述太陽能源變流裴置係先由充電器（7 〇 )將太陽板（ 5 591847 80)輸出的直流電源輪入至蓄電池（73)，以對蓄電池（ 7 3 )進订充電作業’此太陽能變流農置_般使用大約伏特 規格的蓄電池（73)，以供應獨立負載（81)所需之電源 ，此外，由於蓄電池（7 2、叙社巧、+ μ / 、（d )與升壓電路（7 1 )直接連接於 充電器（7 0 )的輸出端，造成電壓轉換比過高，而令整個變 流裝置的轉換效率係約為9〇%。 另，有人將該充電器（7〇)㈣卿T(Maxi_p〇町 P〇i:t Tracking)技術，藉以監控太陽能板輸出的直流電源達 到最大功率，如第六圖所不，避免前端的太陽能（8㈡板輸 出直流電源至充電器（70)間造成功率損失，令變Μ (7 2 )充份利用到太陽能板（8 〇 )輸出的最大電源。然而，加 入ΜΡΡΤ功能仍無法令此—太陽能源變流裝置的整體效率提高。 睛參閱第八圖所示，係為一種應用於高壓電網連結負載（ 8 1 a )的太陽能變流裝置，其基本結構與前揭變流裝置相同 准無蓄電池和充電器（圖中未示）之設備，可完整地將太陽 能板（8 〇 )輸出的直流電源全轉換為交流電源提供予高壓電 網連結負t(81a)，其中該太陽能板（8〇)可使用高慶 的光伏特電池（>300伏特），χ，因轉換電麼比較低，故此變 流装置的轉換效率至少可提高到95%。不加裝蓄電池雖有前揭 之優點，但同時也是缺點，因為在某些應用備用電源仍是必需 ’倘若為具有備用電源而在升壓單元與變流器間外加裝一組蓄 電池，除了蓄電池需使用高壓電容量外，還需加裝充電器，如 疋’則增加整組變流裝置的成本及電路的複雜度，不僅因變流 裔無法控制充電器所造成太陽能輸出的電源達不到最大功率， 591847 而且對使用者來說亦不方便裝設。 由上、述可知，目前針對獨立運作負載與電網連結負載 欲連接使用太陽能電源，而提供不同的變流裝置，然而， 誠如前揭兩種習用變流裝置的介紹可知，確實存在使用上 及適用性不佳等缺點，因此確實有必要進一步改良，以提 供使用者方便裝設的太陽能變流裝置。 【發明内容】 為此，本發明係提供一種應用再生能源的變流器，係提供^ 各種功能模式，以滿足不同負載狀態（如獨立負載系統或電網 連結負載）及應用情況所需之交流電源。 >欲達上述目的所使用之主要技術手段係令該變流裝置包含 有： I控單元，係其包含有監控輸入端、輸出端及控制端， 用以負貝整個系統的功率監視及相關控制，並内建有Μρρτ功能 以々再生能源裝置輸出的直流電源功率達最大狀維； 升壓單元，係設於太陽板的電源輸出端，以將該低壓直 流電源轉換為高壓直流電源，並輸出於高壓匯流排上； 一變流，係連接於高壓匯流排及該監控單元的控制端， 其輸出端係供如獨立負載系統或電網連結負載； 一外加式雙向充電器，係外接於高壓匯流排上，並受該監 控單元控制並與蓄電池連接； 上述太陽能變流裝置係藉由該監控單元對再生能源裝置與 負載間的電源功率供需之要求，$而控制高壓匯流排的高壓電 源分散至雙向充電器及變流器的比例，而該雙向充電器是否致 591847 能動作，端視連接的負載形式以及變流裝置是否需外加蓄電池 9 右加裝有蓄電池，則該監控單元會控制雙向充電器及變流 器取得高堡電源的比例，並且檢測再生能源裝置輸出電源不足 時，控制雙向充電器轉而從蓄電池提供變流器所需之直流高歷 ’再由變流器轉換為交流電源提供予負載； 若無加裝蓄電池，則變流器可全數將高壓匯流排的輸出完 全轉換為交流電源，以提供予負載。 由上述可知，本發明係藉由監控單元對再生能源裝置愈負 載作供需電源功率的檢測’可控制變流器與處於充電模式的雙 向充電器之間取得最佳的高壓電源，以令變流裝置在加農蓄電 ㈣工作模式下，仍可保有高轉換效率，此外，亦可於再生能 源波置輸出電源不足的狀態下，^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 即控制雙向充電器對變流器 々負載持續取得交流電源使用，相當具有實用性。 【實施方式】 本發明係一種本發明係提供一右 Μ ^ ^ Λ. 粳具有多種工作杈式及連接 2 置’可依照負載形式的不同而切換至適 σ 式下:並且具有高轉換效能及操作方便等特點。 有-監押單亓…、 伸為本發明的-方塊圖，係包含 ^ . . 早（2 Q )、變流器（3 0 ) 及一外加式雙向充電器（4〇)，直 (5 〇 )連接，而升m Q X向充電器係、供蓄電池 升土早70 ( 2 〇 )則鱼 的直流電源輸出端連接。 彳…原轉換“60) 上述監控單元（1 Ο)係包含有監控輸入端、輸出端及控 制h ’用以負責整個系、統的功率監視及相關控制，並内建有 ppt功月b，以令再生能源裝置輸出到這個變流裝置 功率達最大狀態（詳如后述）；該臣々單开η η/ 邊皿控早兀（1 ο)可以由微 处理器或硬體線路實現，其中該MPPT功能亦可以由微處理器實 現中，或以硬體電路實現。 、 。上述升料TO ( 2 Q )係設於能源轉換器（6 Q )的直流 電源輸出端’以將該低壓直流電源轉換為高壓直流電源，並將 尚壓直流電源輸出至-高壓匯流排（24)上，再請參閱第二 圖所不口亥升塵單凡（2 〇 )進—步包括有一簡控制器（2 2)、一電子開關（2 3)及—連接至高虔匯流排（以）的 2塵電感（2 1) ’其令該電子開關（23)可為_Μ_τ元 < ’其閘極係受該PWM控制器（22)控制其導通·，以此 ’將升壓電感（2 1 )的高直流電壓輸出至高壓匯流排（2 4 )° 口口 ^述變流器（3 0)係連接於高堡匯流排（24)及監控 早^圖中未示）的輸出端之間，以接受監控翠元的㈣監控 ( 3 0 )具有兩種運作模式’―種為獨立運作模式 ，另一則為電網連結運作模式。請參閱第四圖所示，該變流器 (3 0)係由兩組交替導通的電子開關對⑼、⑻⑽、μ H H ( L e)構成—全橋式的變流單元’並進一步 =有-電#回授控制電路（3 i )及—電流回授控制電路（ 2) ’該㈣、電流回授控制電路（31) (32)的輸入 端係透過輸出電廢、輪出電流檢測器（3 1 3 ) ( 3 2 4 )連 591847 心波一(L C )，而輸出端則透過一個模式切換開關（ 3 3 )迖至j p w Μ控制态（3 4 )控制兩組電子開關對（ 、Q2) (Q3、Q4)，並經由濾波器（L、C)而輸出交變電流 ’，中該電流㈣㈣電路（3 2)的輸人端進—步連接至監 抆單兀MPPT電流輸出端，以控制電流器的輸出電流。 上述電壓回授控制電路（31)，係連接至該遽波器“ 、C)輸出端’係回授輸出電壓給PWM控制器（34)，以控 制又抓器（3 0 )的輸出電壓；其主要由一減法器（3 1 1 ) 及-交流參考信號產㈣（312)組成，減法器（3i i ^連接至該變流器（L、C)的輸出端及交流參考信號產生 為（3 1 2 )的輸出端，並將之相減經過模式切換開關（3 3 )送到P W Μ控制器（3 4 )。 上述電流回授控制電路（3 2 )係用來控制變流單元輸出 的電流’其主要由一乘法器（3 2 1 ) ”咸法器（3 2 2 )及 又級參考h唬產生器（3 2 3 )組成，該乘法器（3 2 1 ) :輸入端連接至該監控單元（丄〇 )的Μρρτ電流控制輸出端及 又机參考仏唬產生器（3 2 3 )的輸出端，而乘法器（3 2 1 )·的輸出端則連接至減法器（3 2 2 )的輸入端，以與變流器 輸出電流信號相減經過模式切換開關（3 3 )送入送到p龍控 制器（3 4); " 上述模式切換開關（3 3 )連接至電壓、電流控制電路（ 3 1) ( 3 2 )的輸出端，其切換動作受監控單元（丄〇 )控 制而"亥P觀控制為（3 4 )的輸入端則透過模式切換開關（ 3 3 )連接至電壓、電流回授控制電路（3丄）（3 2 )，而 10 W1847 四個輸出端則分別連接至電子開關的 3、G4)。 當監控單元（10)判斷目前連接一獨立負載，則 換開關將該PWM控制器與電塵 2 Γ ο n ^ ? 列电格^1)連接，令變流 二 符合獨立負載的交變電源，此為第-種獨立運 作桓式，而該監控單元（1 〇 ) 則㈣槿）右目別連接-電網連負載 貝化制核式切換開關（3 3 )將該酬控制 、 3 2)連接，以進行電網連結模式，因此變流器（ 3 0)輸出電流振幅得以被控制而達到最佳太陽能利用率。 上料向充電器（40)是為一可外加式至變流模組的雙 向充電益（4 0 )，其連接於高塵匯流排（2 4 )和蓄電池（ 5 0)之間’並連接至監控單元（1〇)的Μρρτ電流信號輸出 鈿及控制端’以與變流器（3 〇)共享監控單元（工⑹賭 電流信號輸出端的輸出電流信號，而監控單元（i 〇 ) Μρρτ輸 出端的輸出電流信號會因蓄電池（5〇)的充電狀態而自動分 配予變流器與雙向充電器的電流信號比例。 請參閱第三圖所示，該雙向充電器（4 0 )可以執行充電 和放電的工作，其包含有： 兩電子開關（41) (42)，第-、第二電子開關（4 1) (42)各由一 PWM控制器（pwmi、PWM2)和電晶體（Q5 、Q6 )組成，各電晶體（Q5、q6 )係並聯一寄生二極體，其中 第一電子開關（4 1 )係連接至監控單元（1 〇 )的Μρρτ電流 信號輸出端及控制端； 一升/降壓電感（L1)，係透過第二電子開關（4 2 )連 591847 至高壓匯流排（2 4); 一充電電流控制單元（43)，係包含有比較器（U1)及 壓控電阻器（VCR)，該比較器（U1)輸入端分別連接至監控單 元控制輸出端、參考電壓信號Vref及蓄電池（5 〇 )的輸出端 ，而其電壓輸出端則連接至該壓控電阻器（VCR)，以調整該壓 控電阻器（VCR )的電阻值，由於壓控電阻器（VCR )進一步連 接於監控單元MPPT電流輸出端與第二電子開關（4 2 )之間， 可隨著電阻值的調整輸出不同電壓予第二電子開關（42)， 以控制第二電子開關的導通週期，構成一 pwM升壓電路。 當雙向充電器（4 0)處於充電模式時，係高壓匯流排（ 2 4 )的電壓會轉換對蓄電池（5 〇 )充電，亦即，先將第一 電子開關（4 1 )除能，其電晶體⑽等效—二極體，而雙向充 電器（4 0 )即構成一降壓電路，其中充電電流控制單元（4 3)的比較為ui藉由比較蓄電池（5 〇)的儲存電壓與參考電 壓Vref，調整壓控電阻器（VCR)的電阻值，由於該壓控電阻 器（VCR)的輸入端連接至該監控單元電流輸出端，故將監控單 元輸出的電流I轉為電壓V，以控制該第二電子開關（4 2 ) 的PWM控制器（PWM2)的導通週期，進而控制對蓄電池（5 〇 )的充電量； 而，當雙向充電器（4 0 )處於放電模式時，係將連接蓄 電池（5 0 )的能量轉換到高壓匯流排（2 4 )上，亦即，先 將第一電子開關（4 2 )除能’令第二電子開關（4 2 )的電 晶體Q5等效一二極體，是以，該雙向充電器（4〇)由第一電 子開關（4 1 )、一升/p♦壓電感（⑴及電晶體Q5構成一 12 jyim/ PWM升壓電路，令蓄雪 > / ( 5 0 )的低壓轉換為高後輸出至該 南壓匯流排。 批时：為本么月太陽源鉍流裝置的電路說明，以下則就監 ::1 〇 )核知再生能源裝置、負載控制變流器（3 0 ) 只雙向充電器（40)的監控流程說明，請參閱第五圖所示， Μ控早兀（10)的MPPT機制係用初始的㈣值V。及功率 值t與之後取得再生能源裝置輸出的電愿值及電流值，計算 2前功率值Pn與前-週期計算出的功能L的差值ΔΡ，以及 重差值ΔΥ’㈣斷此功率差值是否大於等於零： (1)若功率差大於等於零： 繼續判斷電壓差是否大於等於零，若是，再判斷電麼差是 否大於〇，若是則減少監控單元ΜΡΡΤ電流輸出端的輸出電流， 若否’則增加輸出電流。 (2 )若功率差小於零： 繼續判斷電壓差是否大於等於零，若是，則增加監控單元 ΜΡΡΤ電流輸出端的輸出電流，若否，則減少輸出電流。 判斷完後將此次功率值及電壓值儲存，再重新計算下一週 期功率值；由前述可知’監控單元讀實可經由贿監控再生能 源襄置的功率值’再有效地控制雙向充電器及變流器總輸出電 流，以達到最佳❹再生能源裝置之效用。 為更清楚說明本發明的多模式運作狀態，以下說明四種操 作模式及應用，其包含有： 、 1·應用於獨立運作負載並裝設有蓄電池： a田太除月匕電源係大於負載所需之額定電源： 13 591847 忒雙向充電裔的充電控制電路被致能，將利用提供予變流 器剩餘的電源當作備用的蓄電池的充電電源，對蓄電池充電。 b ·當太陽能電源係小於負載所需之額定電源·· 該雙向充電器的放電控制電路被致能，令蓄電池的儲存電 源和再生此源裝置輸出的電源一併提供至變流器。 2·應用於獨立運作負載無裝設有蓄電池： 此時再生能源裝置電源直接提供變流器使用，又因無加裝 蓄電池，則雙向充電器可拔除，降低整個系統的成本。 3·應用於電網連結負載並裝設有蓄電池： a •蓄電池呈充滿電壓狀態： 备蓄電池為滿電壓狀態，則將再生能源裝置輸出電源全部 提供予變流器，惟該監控單元只需控制變流器的輸出電流的大 小〇 b•蓄電池非充滿電壓狀態： 優先將再生能源裝置輸出電源提供予蓄電池，對蓄電池進 行充電程序，再將剩餘電能的輸出端輸出至電網連結負載，其 中電源分配比例，則由雙向充電器自動分配。 c·再生能源裝置輸出的電源為零： 監控單元檢知再生能源裝置輸出直流電源為零，則立即控 制變流器輸出端的切換開關切換至斷路狀態，令變流器不作電 網連結運轉’但此時，若要輸出電源予其他負載使用，則變流 裝置可切換至獨立運轉模式。 4 ·應用於電網連結負載無裝設有蓄電池： 此杈式係適用於不具充電模式的應用，而此時變流器的輪 14 591847 出電流同樣受到監控單元的控制 向充電器可拔除。 以輪出穩定的交流電源，雙 由上述可知，本發明主要藉由監控單元、升壓單元、變、、， "及一個外加式雙向充電器的設計’以達到適用不同負栽及其L 應用’並可保持高的轉換效率，由以上的四個工作模式可知。-、因此，本發明之設計確實具有產業上的利用性、新賴性與 進步性’並且符合發明專利之要件，爰依法具文提出申請,、 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖：係本發明的一方塊圖（代表圖）。 第二圖：係本發明料單元之—較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第三圖：係本發明雙向充電器之—較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第四圖：係本發明變流器之—較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第五圖：係本發明監控單元MPPT的流程圖。 第六圖：係再生能源裝置輸出電壓對電流的曲線圖，其揭示最 大功率位置。 第七圖：係習用太陽能源變流裝置之方塊圖’其揭示裳設有蓄 電池及充電器等電源備用裝置，並適用於獨立運作的 負載。 第八圖·係習用太陽能源變流裝置之方塊圖，其揭示—適用於 電網連結負載的高轉換效率變流裝置。 (二）元件代表符號 (10)監控單元 （20)升壓單元 (2 1 )升壓電感 （2 2 ) PWM控制器 15 591847 (2 3 )電子開關 （ (3 0 )變流器 （ (311)加法器 （ (3 2 )電流控制電路 （ (3 2 2)加法器 （ (3 3 )模式切換開關 （ (4 0 )雙向充電器 （ (4 2 )第二電子開關 （ (5 0 )蓄電池 （ (6 1 )負載 (7 0 )充電器 （ (7 2 )變流器 （ (8 0 )再生能源裝置 （ 4)高壓匯流排 1 )電壓控制電路 12)交流參考信號產生器 21)乘法器 2 3 )交流參考信號產生器 4 ) PWM控制器 1 )第一電子開關 3 )充電電流控制單元 0)能源轉換器 1 )升壓單元 3 )蓄電池 1 ) ( 8 1 a )負載591847 发明 Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a renewable energy converter with a multifunctional mode, especially a kind of renewable energy (such as solar energy, photovoltaic energy, wind energy, and water) Technology such as energy). [Previous technology] Solar energy is a non-polluting and inexhaustible source of energy. In addition to being the best way to directly enjoy the power supply for remote areas where it is not easy to supply electricity from the city, governments in various countries also encourage ordinary households to install Set up solar power supply equipment to reduce the burden of power plants to supply mains power, and at the same time can solve the environmental protection problem of nuclear power generation nuclear waste and thermal power generation carbon dioxide pollution environment. I * 隹 sunyue dagger source power generation equipment is expensive, and it will make the conversion efficiency of the equipment inconsistent according to different connected load forms. As shown in the seventh figure, it is a block diagram of a conventional solar power converter. It is suitable for an independent load, which includes a-charger (70), which is connected to the DC output terminal of the solar panel (80); a step-up single 7L (71), which is connected to the charger (70). ) And the output terminal of the battery (7 3), convert its output DC voltage to high DC voltage; a converter (7 2) is connected to the booster unit (7 丄) to convert the high DC voltage to AC After the voltage is output to an independent load (81); a storage battery (73) is connected to the output terminal of the charger (7Q). The above-mentioned solar energy source converter is installed by the charger (70) and the solar panel (5 591847) 80) The output DC power is fed into the battery (73) to charge the battery (73). The solar inverter farm is generally used with a battery (73) of about volt specifications to supply an independent load (81 ) Required power, in addition, due to the battery (7 2, Syria She Qiao, + μ /, (d) and the boost circuit (7 1) are directly connected to the output terminal of the charger (7 0), causing the voltage conversion ratio to be too high, and the conversion efficiency of the entire converter is approximately 90%. In addition, some people use the charger (70) ㈣T (Maxi_p〇 町 Poi: t Tracking) technology to monitor the DC power output of the solar panel to reach the maximum power, as shown in the sixth figure, Avoiding the front-end solar power (8㈡ board output DC power to the charger (70) causes power loss, so that the variable M (7 2) makes full use of the maximum power output of the solar panel (80). However, adding MPTP function is still not available Decree this—The overall efficiency of the solar source converter is improved. See Figure 8 for details. It is a solar converter that is applied to a high-voltage grid connection load (81a). The equipment with the same quasi-battery and charger (not shown) can completely convert the DC power output from the solar panel (80) into AC power and provide it to the high-voltage grid connection negative t (81a), where the solar panel (80) Gao Qing can be used Photovoltaic special battery (> 300 volts), χ, because the conversion power is relatively low, so the conversion efficiency of the converter can be improved to at least 95%. Although not adding a battery has the advantages of the previous disclosure, but also a disadvantage, Because in some applications, a backup power supply is still necessary. If a battery is added between the booster unit and the converter to have a backup power supply, in addition to the high-voltage capacity of the battery, a charger must be installed. Such as 疋 'will increase the cost of the entire set of converter devices and the complexity of the circuit, not only because the power source of the solar output cannot be reached due to the inability of the converter to control the charger, 591847, and it is not convenient for the user to install Assume. From the above, it can be known that currently, different power converters are provided for the independent operation of loads and grid-connected loads to use solar power. However, as described in the introduction of the two conventional power converters, it can be seen that there are indeed Disadvantages such as poor applicability, so it is indeed necessary to further improve it to provide a solar inverter device that is convenient for users to install. [Summary] To this end, the present invention provides a converter using renewable energy, which provides various functional modes to meet different load states (such as independent load systems or grid-connected loads) and the AC power required by the application. . > The main technical means used to achieve the above purpose is to make the converter include: I control unit, which contains the monitoring input terminal, output terminal and control terminal, for the power monitoring of the entire system and related Control and built-in Μρρτ function to maximize the DC power output from the renewable energy device; the booster unit is located at the power output of the solar panel to convert the low-voltage DC power to high-voltage DC power, and Output on the high-voltage bus; a converter connected to the high-voltage bus and the control terminal of the monitoring unit, the output of which is for independent load system or grid-connected load; an external two-way charger, external to the high voltage It is controlled by the monitoring unit and connected to the storage battery. The above-mentioned solar power converter device uses the monitoring unit to supply and demand power supply between the renewable energy device and the load. The high-voltage power supply that controls the high-voltage busbar is dispersed. To the ratio of the two-way charger and converter, and whether the two-way charger causes 591847 to operate, depending on the form of the connected load. Does the converter require additional batteries? If a battery is added to the right, the monitoring unit will control the proportion of the two-way charger and converter to obtain Gaobao power, and control the two-way charger to switch when the output power of the renewable energy device is insufficient. The DC calendar required to provide the converter from the battery is then converted by the converter to AC power for the load; if no battery is installed, the converter can fully convert the output of the high-voltage bus to AC power. To provide to the load. It can be known from the above that the present invention uses a monitoring unit to detect the supply and demand power of the regenerative energy device when it is under load. It can control the converter to obtain the best high-voltage power source between the two-way charger in charging mode to make the variable current The device can still maintain high conversion efficiency under the working mode of storage power storage in Cannon. In addition, it can also control the two-way charger to continuously obtain the load of the inverter when the output power of the renewable energy wave is insufficient. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ The use of AC power is quite practical. [Embodiment] The present invention is a kind of present invention. The present invention provides a right M ^ ^ Λ. Japonica has a variety of working branches and connections 2 can be switched to the appropriate σ mode according to different load forms: and has high conversion efficiency and Easy to operate and so on. Yes-imprisonment slip 亓 ..., extended to the block diagram of the present invention, including ^.. Early (2 Q), converter (30), and an external two-way charger (40), straight (50) ) Connection, while the liter m QX is connected to the charger system, and the battery is lifted up to 70 (200), the DC power output terminal of the fish is connected.彳 ... the original conversion "60) The above monitoring unit (10) contains the monitoring input, output and control h ', which is responsible for the entire system and system's power monitoring and related control, and has a built-in ppt work month b, In order to make the power output from the renewable energy device to this converter reach the maximum state (details will be described later); the single opening η η / side dish control early (1 ο) can be realized by a microprocessor or a hardware circuit, The MPPT function can also be implemented by a microprocessor or by a hardware circuit... The above-mentioned rising material TO (2 Q) is provided at the DC power output terminal of the energy converter (6 Q) to reduce the low voltage. The DC power is converted into a high-voltage DC power, and the high-voltage DC power is output to the high-voltage bus (24), and then refer to the second picture. Device (2 2), an electronic switch (2 3), and 2 dust inductors (2 1) connected to the high voltage bus (to), which makes the electronic switch (23) can be _Μ_τ 元 < 'its brake The pole is controlled by the PWM controller (22) to be turned on, so as to 'change the high direct current of the boost inductor (2 1). The voltage is output to the high-voltage bus (2 4) ° port converter (30) is connected between the output terminal of the Gaobao bus (24) and the monitoring terminal (not shown in the figure) to receive monitoring. Cuiyuan's ㈣ monitoring (30) has two operation modes-one is an independent operation mode, and the other is a grid-connected operation mode. Please refer to the fourth figure, the converter (30) consists of two groups The alternately conducting electronic switch pairs ⑼, ⑻⑽, μ HH (L e) constitute a full-bridge converter unit and further = 有-电 # feedback control circuit (3 i) and-current feedback control circuit (2 ) 'The input terminal of the current feedback control circuit (31) (32) is connected to the 591847 heart wave (LC) through the output electrical waste, wheel current detector (3 1 3) (3 2 4), and The output end controls a set of two electronic switch pairs (, Q2) (Q3, Q4) through a mode switch (3 3) 迖 to jpw Μ control state (3 4), and outputs an AC signal through filters (L, C). Variable current ', the input terminal of the current circuit (3 2) is further connected to the MPPT current output terminal of the monitoring unit to control the output current of the current generator The above-mentioned voltage feedback control circuit (31) is connected to the output terminal ", C" of the oscillator, and feedbacks the output voltage to the PWM controller (34) to control the output voltage of the controller (30). ; It is mainly composed of a subtractor (3 1 1) and-AC reference signal generator (312), the subtractor (3i i ^ is connected to the output of the converter (L, C) and the AC reference signal is generated as (3 1 2), and subtract it from the mode switch (3 3) and send it to the PWM controller (3 4). The current feedback control circuit (3 2) is used to control the current output by the converter unit. It is mainly composed of a multiplier (3 2 1), a salt generator (3 2 2), and a secondary reference hbl generator ( 3 2 3), the multiplier (3 2 1): the input terminal is connected to the Mρρτ current control output terminal of the monitoring unit (丄 〇) and the output terminal of the reference reference generator (3 2 3), and The output of the multiplier (3 2 1) · is connected to the input of the subtractor (3 2 2), and is subtracted from the current output signal of the converter through the mode switch (3 3). (3 4); " The mode switch (3 3) is connected to the output terminal of the voltage and current control circuit (3 1) (3 2), and its switching action is controlled by the monitoring unit (丄 〇). The input terminals controlled by Pguan (3 4) are connected to the voltage and current feedback control circuit (3 丄) (3 2) through the mode switch (3 3), and the four output terminals of 10 W1847 are respectively connected to the electronics 3, G4) of the switch. When the monitoring unit (10) judges that an independent load is currently connected, change the switch to connect the PWM controller to the power supply. 2 Γ ο n ^? Column grid ^ 1) connection, so that the current transformer II meets the independent load of the alternating power, this is the first type of independent operation mode, and the monitoring unit (1 〇) is the right eye type Connection-Grid-connected load-type nuclear-type transfer switch (3 3) connects this compensation control, 3 2) to perform grid connection mode, so the output current amplitude of the converter (30) can be controlled to achieve the best The utilization rate of solar energy. The feeding charger (40) is a two-way charging benefit (40) that can be externally added to the converter module and is connected to the high-dust bus (2 4) and the battery (50). And 'is connected to the Mρρτ current signal output and control terminal of the monitoring unit (10) to share the monitoring unit (the output current signal of the current signal output terminal with the converter (30)), and the monitoring unit (i 〇) The output current signal at the output of Μρρτ will be automatically allocated to the ratio of the current signal to the converter and the two-way charger due to the state of charge of the battery (50). Please refer to the third figure, the two-way charger (40) Can perform charging and discharging tasks, including : Two electronic switches (41) (42), the first and second electronic switches (4 1) (42) are each composed of a PWM controller (pwmi, PWM2) and transistors (Q5, Q6), and each transistor ( Q5, q6) are connected in parallel with a parasitic diode, wherein the first electronic switch (4 1) is connected to the Mρρτ current signal output terminal and the control terminal of the monitoring unit (10); a step-up / step-down inductor (L1), It connects the 591847 to the high-voltage bus (2 4) through the second electronic switch (4 2); a charging current control unit (43), which includes a comparator (U1) and a voltage-controlled resistor (VCR). The comparator The (U1) input is connected to the control unit's control output, the reference voltage signal Vref, and the output of the battery (50), and its voltage output is connected to the voltage-controlled resistor (VCR) to adjust the voltage-control As the resistance value of the resistor (VCR) is further connected between the MPPT current output terminal of the monitoring unit and the second electronic switch (4 2), a different voltage can be output to the first resistor as the resistance value is adjusted. Two electronic switches (42) to control the conducting period of the second electronic switch to form a pw M boost circuit. When the two-way charger (40) is in the charging mode, the voltage of the high-voltage bus (24) will be converted to charge the battery (50), that is, the first electronic switch (41) will be disabled first. The transistor is equivalent to a diode, and the two-way charger (40) constitutes a step-down circuit. The comparison of the charging current control unit (43) is ui by comparing the storage voltage of the battery (50) with the The reference voltage Vref adjusts the resistance value of the voltage controlled resistor (VCR). Since the input terminal of the voltage controlled resistor (VCR) is connected to the current output terminal of the monitoring unit, the current I output from the monitoring unit is converted to a voltage V. In order to control the on-period of the PWM controller (PWM2) of the second electronic switch (4 2), and then control the charge amount of the battery (50); when the two-way charger (40) is in the discharge mode, the system The energy connected to the storage battery (50) is converted to the high-voltage busbar (24), that is, the first electronic switch (42) is disabled first, so that the transistor Q5 of the second electronic switch (42), etc. The effect is a diode, so the two-way charger (40) is opened by the first electronic (4 1), one liter / p ♦ voltage inductor (⑴ and transistor Q5 constitute a 12 jyim / PWM boost circuit, so that the low voltage of the snow storage> / (50 0) is converted to high and output to the south voltage Bus time: Approved: The circuit description of the solar source bismuth flow device for this month, the following will be monitored: 1 〇) Recognize the renewable energy device, load control converter (30) Only two-way charger (40) For the description of the monitoring process, please refer to the fifth figure. The MPPT mechanism of M control early (10) uses the initial threshold V. And the power value t and the electric willingness value and current value obtained from the renewable energy device, and then calculate the difference ΔP between the previous power value Pn and the function L calculated in the previous period, and the weight difference ΔΥ ' Whether the value is greater than or equal to zero: (1) If the power difference is greater than or equal to zero: continue to determine whether the voltage difference is greater than or equal to zero, and if so, determine whether the electrical difference is greater than 0; if so, reduce the output current of the MPTP current output terminal of the monitoring unit; if not, increase Output current. (2) If the power difference is less than zero: continue to determine whether the voltage difference is greater than or equal to zero; if so, increase the output current of the MPTP current output terminal of the monitoring unit; if not, decrease the output current. After the judgment is completed, the current power value and voltage value are stored, and then the next cycle power value is recalculated; from the foregoing, it can be known that the 'monitoring unit can read the power value of the renewable energy through bribery monitoring' to effectively control the two-way charger and The total output current of the converter to achieve the best utility of renewable energy devices. In order to more clearly illustrate the multi-mode operating state of the present invention, the following four operating modes and applications are described below, including: 1. Applied to an independent operating load and equipped with a storage battery: Required rated power: 13 591847 忒 The charging control circuit of the bi-directional charging source is enabled, and the remaining power provided to the converter will be used as a backup battery charging power to charge the battery. b. When the solar power is less than the rated power required by the load. The discharge control circuit of the two-way charger is enabled, so that the storage power of the battery and the power that regenerates the output of this source device are provided to the converter together. 2 · Applicable to independent operating loads without batteries: At this time, the power of the renewable energy device is directly provided by the converter, and because no batteries are installed, the two-way charger can be removed, reducing the cost of the entire system. 3 · Applicable to the load connected to the power grid and equipped with a battery: a • The battery is in a full voltage state: The backup battery is in a full voltage state, and all the output power of the renewable energy device is provided to the converter, but the monitoring unit only needs to control the power supply. The output current of the current generator 0b • The battery is not fully charged: The output power of the renewable energy device is preferentially provided to the battery, the battery is charged, and the output of the remaining power is output to the grid-connected load, of which the power distribution ratio , It is automatically distributed by the two-way charger. c. The power output of the renewable energy device is zero: The monitoring unit detects that the DC power output of the renewable energy device is zero, then immediately controls the switch at the output end of the converter to switch to the open state, so that the converter does not operate as a grid connection. At this time, if you want to output power to other loads, the converter can be switched to independent operation mode. 4 · Applicable to grid-connected loads without batteries: This fork is suitable for applications without charging mode, and the current of the wheel 14 591847 of the converter is also controlled by the monitoring unit and can be removed from the charger. It can be known from the above that a stable AC power supply is turned on and off. The present invention mainly uses a monitoring unit, a boosting unit, a transformer, " and an external two-way charger design to achieve the application of different loads and its L Application 'and can maintain high conversion efficiency, which can be seen from the above four working modes. -. Therefore, the design of the present invention does have industrial applicability, novelty and progress, and conforms to the requirements of the invention patent. The application is submitted in accordance with the law, [Simplified description of the drawings] (I) Schematic part The first picture is a block diagram (representative picture) of the present invention. The second figure is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the material unit of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the two-way charger of the present invention—a preferred embodiment. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the converter of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the monitoring unit MPPT of the present invention. Figure 6: A graph of output voltage versus current for a renewable energy device that reveals the maximum power position. The seventh figure: a block diagram of a conventional solar power converter device, which reveals that the battery is equipped with power backup devices such as batteries and chargers, and is suitable for independently operating loads. Figure 8 is a block diagram of a conventional solar energy converter, which reveals a high conversion efficiency converter suitable for grid-connected loads. (2) Symbols of components (10) Monitoring unit (20) Boost unit (2 1) Boost inductor (2 2) PWM controller 15 591847 (2 3) Electronic switch ((3 0) converter ((311 ) Adder ((3 2) Current control circuit ((3 2 2) Adder ((3 3) Mode switch ((4 0) Bidirectional charger ((4 2) Second electronic switch ((5 0) Battery ((6 1) load (7 0) charger ((7 2) converter ((8 0) renewable energy device (4) high voltage busbar 1) voltage control circuit 12) AC reference signal generator 21) multiplier 2 3) AC reference signal generator 4) PWM controller 1) First electronic switch 3) Charging current control unit 0) Energy converter 1) Booster unit 3) Battery 1) (8 1 a) Load