583118 五、發明說明（1) 本發明涉及防震式船用電機，例如，馬達或發電機， 其用於海上（海軍）船舶中且其外殻中具有轉子及靜子， 其中轉子是與傳動軸相連。 震動已衰減之船用電機（例如，馬達）已爲人所知，其 例如已描述在WO 02/3 0742 A1中。爲了使震動衰減， 習知之馬達具有轉子-及靜子支件且靜子經由減震用之 彈簧元件而支撐在馬達外殻上。 習知之構造使外殼及轉子-靜子-單元未互相耦合，但 這在射擊情況時對海軍船舶而言是不夠的。因此，不只 須使振動被吸收且化解，且亦須使高的震動加速度被吸 收且化解，其允許靜子及轉子所形成之單元在較習知之 減震元件所造成者更大之極限中偏移。‘ 此目的以下述方式達成：靜子及轉子互相以旋轉式移 動-且在徑向/軸向中以受限之大間隙而相連接，使靜子 及轉子形成一可對該外殼移動之構造單元，其較一般振 幅所能偏轉者還寬且外殼是與海上（海軍）船舶彈性地相 連接。就本發明中靜子及轉子之間大的間距而言，可達 成一種形式，其對轉子軸之彎曲是不敏感的。藉由所建 議之措施，則外殼或船舶之其它組件之震動加速度大於 1 〇〇g時仍可忍受且在操作時轉子及靜子不會碰裂。此種 碰裂在震動加速度時是一種評價準則；各組件須承受大 於1 0 0 g之加速度。爲了消除各震動加速度，則需數毫 米（極端情況時須數公分）之偏轉路徑。 在形成防震之船用電機時，在對流動有利之狹長形外 583118 五、發明說明（2) 殻中特別是須使馬達配置在船體之下側上，其中至少一 推進器須耦合至-與轉子相連接之傳動軸，靜子經由旋 轉軸承而固定至轉子，由靜子及轉子所形成之構造單元 彈性地支撐在外殼上及傳動軸上且在轉子及靜子之間形 成一種大約50mm之氣隙。 電動式舵推進器中之船用電機承受特別高之震動加速 度，此乃因可能直接在舵推進器下方會有水雷爆炸。此 種情況下該舵推進器外殼之加速度較1 〇〇g大很多，但 防震之船用電動機仍須繼續操作，這是藉由前述之措施 使舵推進器及船尾彈性地相連來達成。 在本發明之其它形式中，外殼在船內部中是配置在彈 性之基架上，其中傳動軸具有一種至推進軸或至水噴射 推進軸之彈性離合器。因此形成一種船用電機，其亦可 位於船之內部中，例如，其可對抗水雷之爆炸或對抗一 種在船中造成強烈震動之飛行體之撞擊。因此，若防震 式船用電機以發電機構成，則發電機不會故障。對形成 於內部中之船用電機或配置在電動式舵推進器中之船用 電機而言，對船體都須形成一種雙重彈性。在電動式舵 推進器中這是以可偏轉之彈性軸來達成且在船舶內部中 所設置之電機中這是以彈性之基架來達成。在全部之情 況中，防震式船用電機須具備一種可輕易地承受大的震 動波或反向彈力所用之構造。 轉子劃分成管形之載體及一設定在載體上之傳動部， 傳動部彈性地支撐在傳動軸上，其中靜子放置在轉子之 583118 五、 發明說明 ( 4： 頭 可 由 冷 卻 空 氣 所 流 m 0 靜 子 之 未 由 冷卻 通道所包含之 域 亦 可 有 利 地 被 冷 卻 0 冷 卻 通 道 亦 可穿 過繞組頭或圍 繞 該 繞 組 頭 但 此 種 構 造 上 之 困 難 性 對減 震性之電機而 言 特 別 大 因 此 與 繞 組 頭 通 常 保持 一 種距 離。繞組頭之 空 氣 流 因 此 提 供 — 種 冷 卻 作 用 ’ 該 空氣 環流是與船舶 中 或 甲 板 上 之 再 冷卻 器 相 接 觸 〇 藉 由 空氣 -繞組頭冷卻 作 用 則 該 電 機 之 構 造 大 小 不 需 改 變 ，可 用之空間存在 於 繞 組 頭 域 中 〇 若 防 震 式 電 機 以 永 久 激 磁 式 電 機 構 成時 ，則特別有利 0 追 樣 可 使 該 電 機 之 構 造 特 別 簡 單 其轉 子不需一種硏 磨 rm m 等 等 0 轉 子 及 靜 子 可 以 較 緊 密 之 各單 元（其間之間 隔 可 較 大 )來形成， 其中靜子可以氣隙繞組來構成。整 體 而 可 使 電 動 推 進 式 馬 達 有 一 特 別 強之 防震構成。 就 上 述 形 式 之 設 在 船 中 之 馬 達 而 言 ，有 利之方式是使 靜 子 可 旋 轉 地 形 成在外 殼 中 之 滑 石 上 ，這 例如可藉由一 種 可 旋 轉 式移 動 之 軛 來 達 成 〇 因 此 ，不 必完全拆解該 機 器 即 可在冷卻 系 統 上 進 行 所 需 之 維 修， 此時不必將該 機 器 兀 全 拆 解 〇 這 時 海 上 (海軍）船舶用之f 〖方震式電機而 言 特 別 有 利 1 此 乃 因 這 樣 在 船 廠 中 即 不需 停泊時間。靜 子 加 工 時 即 不 需 拆 解 此 電 機 〇 本 發 明 以 下 將 依 據 圖 式 來 詳 述 〇 圖 式簡 單說明： 第 1 圖 傳 動 裝 置 之 縱 切面 0 第 2,3 圖 係第- -圖之配置之構造 [0 第 4 圖 本 發 明 之 電 機 其 6- 具 有 軸 向已 貫通之靜子。583118 V. Description of the invention (1) The present invention relates to a shock-proof marine motor, for example, a motor or a generator, which is used in a marine (naval) ship and has a rotor and a stator in its shell, wherein the rotor is connected to a transmission shaft. Marine motors (for example, motors) whose vibration has been attenuated are known and are described, for example, in WO 02/3 0742 A1. In order to attenuate the vibration, the conventional motor has a rotor-and a stator support, and the stator is supported on the motor casing via a spring element for damping. The conventional construction does not allow the housing and rotor-static element-units to be coupled to each other, but this is not sufficient for naval vessels during firing situations. Therefore, it is necessary not only to absorb and resolve vibration, but also to absorb and resolve high vibration acceleration, which allows the unit formed by the stator and the rotor to shift in a larger limit than that caused by the conventional shock-absorbing element. . 'This objective is achieved in the following way: the stator and the rotor move in rotation with each other-and are connected with a limited large gap in the radial / axial direction, so that the stator and the rotor form a structural unit that can move to the casing, It is wider than those capable of being deflected by ordinary amplitudes and the shell is elastically connected to the maritime (navy) ship. As far as the large distance between the stator and the rotor in the present invention is concerned, it can reach a form which is insensitive to the bending of the rotor shaft. With the proposed measures, the vibration acceleration of the shell or other components of the ship is greater than 1000g, and the rotor and stator will not crack during operation. Such cracking is an evaluation criterion when the vibration is accelerated; each component must withstand an acceleration greater than 100 g. In order to eliminate each vibration acceleration, a deflection path of several millimeters (in the extreme case, several centimeters) is required. When forming an anti-vibration marine motor, the outer shape is good for flow 583118 V. Description of the invention (2) In particular, the motor must be arranged on the underside of the hull, at least one of the thrusters must be coupled to-and The transmission shaft connected to the rotor is fixed to the rotor by a rotating bearing. The structural unit formed by the stator and the rotor is elastically supported on the housing and the transmission shaft and forms an air gap of about 50 mm between the rotor and the stator. The marine motor in the electric rudder thruster withstands extremely high vibration acceleration, because there may be a mine explosion directly under the rudder thruster. In this case, the acceleration of the shell of the rudder thruster is much larger than 100g, but the shock-proof marine motor must still continue to operate, which is achieved by elastically connecting the rudder thruster and the stern by the aforementioned measures. In other forms of the invention, the outer shell is disposed on the elastic base frame in the interior of the ship, wherein the transmission shaft has an elastic clutch to the propulsion shaft or to the water-jet propulsion shaft. Therefore, a marine motor is formed, which can also be located inside the ship, for example, it can resist the explosion of a mine or the impact of a flying body causing strong vibrations in the ship. Therefore, if the vibration-proof marine motor is constituted by a generator, the generator will not malfunction. For a marine motor formed in the interior or a marine motor arranged in an electric rudder thruster, a double elasticity must be formed for the hull. In the electric rudder thruster, this is achieved by a deflectable elastic shaft and in the motor provided in the ship, this is achieved by a flexible base frame. In all cases, the shock-proof marine motor must have a structure that can easily withstand large shock waves or reverse elastic forces. The rotor is divided into a tube-shaped carrier and a transmission part set on the carrier. The transmission part is elastically supported on the transmission shaft. The stator is placed on the rotor 583118. 5. Description of the invention (4: The head can be flowed by cooling air m 0 The area not covered by the cooling channel can also be advantageously cooled. 0 The cooling channel can also pass through or around the winding head, but this structural difficulty is particularly large for shock-absorbing motors and is therefore related to The head usually maintains a distance. The air flow of the winding head thus provides a cooling effect. The air circulation is in contact with the recooler in the ship or on the deck. By the air-winding head cooling effect, the structure of the motor is not the same. Need to change, the available space exists in the winding head area. If the shock-proof motor is composed of a permanent-excitation motor, it is particularly advantageous. Need a kind of honing rm m, etc. 0 The rotor and stator can be formed with tighter units (the interval between them can be larger), and the stator can be composed of air-gap windings. The whole makes the electric propulsion motor have a particularly strong Anti-vibration structure. As for the above-mentioned motor provided in the ship, it is advantageous to make the stator rotatably formed on the talc in the shell. It is not necessary to completely disassemble the machine to perform the required maintenance on the cooling system. At this time, it is not necessary to disassemble the machine completely. At this time, f for marine (Navy) ships is particularly advantageous. 1 This is Because of this, there is no need for berthing time in the shipyard. There is no need to disassemble the motor during static processing. The present invention will be described in detail based on the drawing. The drawing is briefly explained: Fig. 1 The longitudinal section of the transmission device. 3 Department of - - the configuration of FIG configuration [0 in FIG. 4 of the present invention the motor has a stator which has axial through-6- it.
583118 五、發明說明（5) 第5圖 本發明之電機，其靜子可由周圍來冷卻。 第6圖 係第5圖中周圍冷卻用之氧流形式。 第7,8圖具有可旋轉之立軛之電機，其可被冷卻。 第1圖是海上（海軍）船用電機之馬達或管形發電機之 傳動軸1，其中該傳動軸1在每一末端上都承載一推進 器2或3。在驅動該傳動軸1所用之馬達中只以切面圖 顯示上半部。馬達由轉子4及靜子5所構成，轉子具有 一種永久磁鐵形式之電磁活性層6且配置在管狀之載體 7上。靜子5具有一種由多部份構成之承載外殼8，其 經由旋轉軸承9而固定在轉子之載體7上。 由轉子4及靜子5所構成之構造單元藉由彈性之衰減 元件10,11而一方面支撐在傳動軸1上且另一方面支撐 在外殼12(其容納該馬達及該傳動軸）上。傳動軸1經由 旋轉軸承1 3而定位在外殻1 2中。 外殼1 2配置有一承載軸1 4以使傳動裝置固定至船體 。承載軸1 4可以雙壁方式構成或設有垂直延伸之冷卻 通道1 6以便引導該冷卻空氣。該承載軸1 4通常以可旋 轉之軸構成，藉此可控制船體。 爲了冷卻該靜子5(特別是繞組頭1 5)，則在馬達之一 個末端上須使冷卻空氣由承載軸1 4饋入該承載外殼8 及載體7之間之內部空間中且在馬達之另一末端上排出 。冷卻空氣在馬達內部中可在軸向中流經載體7及轉子 之電磁活性層6之間。爲了使靜子或靜子繞組冷卻，則 靜子外殼8可具有各導流通道，其使承載軸1 4所提供 583118 五、發明說明（6) 之冷卻水流過。 依據第2，3圖，由轉子2 4及靜子2 5所構成之馬達配 置在對流動有利之外殼32中，外殼32藉由承載軸39 以狹長方式定位在船體下方。靜子之承載外殼28經由 旋轉軸承2 9 (其以傾斜式滾動軸承構成）而固定在轉子2 4 之載體2 7上。此載體經由衰減元件3 〇而彈性地支撐在 傳動軸2 1上。各衰減元件以軸向方式固定在環形凸緣 18，19 上。 靜子之承載外殻28經由衰減元件31而支撐在外殼32 上。各衰減元件分別由橡膠體〗7所構成，橡膠體1 7藉 由螺栓35,36而在機械上與載體28及外殼32相耦合。 承載該轉子所用之傳動軸21藉由滑動軸承33，34而定 位在外殻32中。各滑動軸承藉由密封元件3 7,3 8而對 周圍之水形成密封作用。 第4圖中40是軸向冷卻通道，其中可流過已再冷卻 之冷卻水，其可排除馬達中或發電機（相對應之方式對 發電機亦是可能的）中所散發之熱，使馬達或發電機不 會有高的表面溫度。 同樣功能之冷卻通道在第5圖中以45表示。繞組頭 44如上所述是由空氣來冷卻。各電機包含彈簧式衰減元 件42使所引入之移動受到彈簧作用且同時被衰減，各彈 簧式衰減元件42特別是由彈性材料或橡膠所構成。可使 用高彈性之離合器（例如，Rexroth公司之SPIROFLEX KS) 作爲適當之元件。這些元件在機械上可具有高負載或具 583118 五、發明說明（7) 有所期望之衰減性及彈性。 特別是配置在外側上配置在靜子上之冷卻通道之流通 情況顯示在第6圖中。經由轉向通道件47使冷卻水成 爲反向流動48，49。因此可在靜子表面上作均勻之冷卻 ，這與已被空氣冷卻之繞組頭相結合時可使馬達中或發 電機中不會形成熱乙酯。 冷卻器與一可旋轉之立軛相結合之構成（其可使維護 大大地簡化）顯示在第7,8圖中。此處50表示靜子冷卻 通道末端上之水室，5 1是通至繞組之水所用之導管，其 亦可爲不同之形式。55是繞組頭57用之通風機，繞組 頭57通常只由通風機55而來之冷卻空氣所冷卻。所上 所述，亦可使繞組中通過已去（de-)離子之水。然後亦可 形成一種立架式繞組冷卻器，其例如可由第6圖中所示 之形式來構成。 5 3，54表示不同形式之導引冷卻水所用之通道。靜子 (其定位在立軛中且可藉由螺旋軸元件52而旋轉）之去熱 須特別注意，此乃因經由馬達外殼之去熱只佔小部份。 滑石56對去熱幾乎無貢獻。整體而言藉由第7,8圖中 之形式可使此電機達成一種對維修特別有利之形式，這 與彈性地設置在基架上有關且藉由與機械軸彈性地相連 以及在使用本發明之基本槪念下同樣可達成一種防震效 用很好之船用電機。 符號說明 1，21 傳動軸 2,3 推進器583118 V. Description of the invention (5) Figure 5 The motor of the present invention can be cooled by surroundings. Fig. 6 is the form of oxygen flow for surrounding cooling in Fig. 5. Figures 7 and 8 show a motor with a rotatable yoke that can be cooled. Figure 1 shows a drive shaft 1 of a motor for a marine (naval) marine motor or a tubular generator, where the drive shaft 1 carries a thruster 2 or 3 at each end. Only the upper half of the motor used to drive the transmission shaft 1 is shown in a cutaway view. The motor is composed of a rotor 4 and a stator 5. The rotor has an electromagnetic active layer 6 in the form of a permanent magnet and is arranged on a tubular carrier 7. The stator 5 has a multi-part bearing housing 8 which is fixed to a rotor carrier 7 via a rotary bearing 9. The structural unit composed of the rotor 4 and the stator 5 is supported on the transmission shaft 1 on the one hand by the elastic damping elements 10, 11 and on the housing 12 (which houses the motor and the transmission shaft) on the other hand. The drive shaft 1 is positioned in the housing 12 via a rotary bearing 13. The housing 12 is provided with a bearing shaft 14 to fix the transmission to the hull. The load-bearing shaft 14 can be constructed in a double-walled manner or provided with cooling channels 16 extending vertically to guide the cooling air. The load bearing shaft 14 is usually constituted by a rotatable shaft, whereby the hull can be controlled. In order to cool the stator 5 (especially the winding head 15), cooling air must be fed from the bearing shaft 14 to the internal space between the bearing housing 8 and the carrier 7 at one end of the motor and at the other end of the motor. Discharge on one end. The cooling air can flow in the axial direction between the carrier 7 and the electromagnetically active layer 6 of the rotor in the axial direction. In order to cool the stator or stator windings, the stator housing 8 may have various guide channels, which pass the cooling water provided by the bearing shaft 14 583118 V. Description of the invention (6). According to Figs. 2 and 3, the motor composed of the rotor 24 and the stator 25 is arranged in a housing 32 which is favorable to the flow. The housing 32 is positioned under the hull in a long and narrow manner by a bearing shaft 39. The bearing housing 28 of the stator is fixed to the carrier 2 7 of the rotor 2 4 via a rotary bearing 29, which is constituted by an inclined rolling bearing. This carrier is elastically supported on the transmission shaft 21 via the damping element 30. The attenuation elements are fixed axially on the annular flanges 18,19. The bearing case 28 of the stator is supported on the case 32 via the attenuation element 31. Each attenuation element is composed of a rubber body 7, and the rubber body 17 is mechanically coupled to the carrier 28 and the housing 32 by bolts 35 and 36. The drive shaft 21 used to carry the rotor is positioned in the housing 32 by sliding bearings 33,34. Each sliding bearing has a sealing effect on surrounding water by a sealing element 3 7, 3 8. 40 in FIG. 4 is an axial cooling channel, in which re-cooled cooling water can flow, which can remove the heat emitted from the motor or the generator (the corresponding way is also possible for the generator), so that Motors or generators do not have high surface temperatures. The cooling channel with the same function is indicated by 45 in FIG. 5. The winding head 44 is cooled by air as described above. Each of the motors includes a spring-type damping element 42 so that the introduced movement is attenuated by the spring and attenuated at the same time. Each spring-type damping element 42 is particularly composed of an elastic material or rubber. As a suitable component, a highly elastic clutch (for example, SPIROFLEX KS from Rexroth) can be used. These components can be mechanically loaded or have 583118 V. Description of the invention (7) Expected attenuation and elasticity. In particular, the flow of the cooling channel arranged on the outside on the stator is shown in FIG. 6. The cooling water is caused to flow in the reverse direction 48, 49 via the diverting channel member 47. Therefore, uniform cooling can be performed on the surface of the stator. When combined with the air-cooled winding head, hot ethyl esters will not be formed in the motor or generator. The combination of a cooler and a rotatable yoke (which greatly simplifies maintenance) is shown in Figures 7 and 8. Here 50 indicates the water chamber at the end of the cooling channel of the stator, 51 is a conduit for water to the winding, and it can also be in different forms. 55 is a fan for the winding head 57. The winding head 57 is usually cooled only by the cooling air from the fan 55. As mentioned above, it is also possible to pass de-ionized water through the windings. Then, a stand-type winding cooler can also be formed, which can be constructed, for example, in the form shown in FIG. 5 3,54 indicate the channels used to guide the cooling water in different forms. The heat removal of the stator (which is located in the yoke and can be rotated by the screw shaft element 52) requires special attention, because the heat removal through the motor housing only takes up a small part. Talc 56 hardly contributes to heat removal. On the whole, the form shown in Figures 7 and 8 enables the motor to achieve a form particularly advantageous for maintenance, which is related to being elastically arranged on the base frame and being elastically connected to the mechanical shaft and using the present invention. The basic idea is to achieve a marine motor with good shock resistance. Explanation of symbols 1, 21 Drive shaft 2, 3 Thruster
583118 五、發明說明（8) 4,24 轉子 5?25 靜子 6 活性層 7,27,28 載體 8 承載外殻 9,13,29 旋轉軸承 10，1 1，30 彈性之衰減元件 12,32 外殻 14,39 承載軸 16 冷卻通道 17 橡膠體 1 8?19 環形凸緣 33?34 滑動軸承 35,36 螺栓 37,38 密封元件 40 軸向冷卻通道 42 彈簧式衰減元件 44,57 繞組頭 45 冷卻通道 47 轉向通道件 48,49 反向流動 50 水室 5 1 導管 53,54 通風機 55 通道 -10-583118 V. Description of the invention (8) 4,24 Rotor 5? 25 Stator 6 Active layer 7,27,28 Carrier 8 Carrying case 9,13,29 Rotary bearing 10,1 1,30 Elastic attenuation element 12,32 outside Housing 14, 39 Bearing shaft 16 Cooling channel 17 Rubber body 1 8? 19 Ring flange 33? 34 Plain bearing 35,36 Bolt 37,38 Sealing element 40 Axial cooling channel 42 Spring-loaded damping element 44, 57 Winding head 45 Cooling Channel 47 Steering channel pieces 48, 49 Reverse flow 50 Water chamber 5 1 Duct 53, 54 Fan 55 Channel -10-