578352 A7 B7___ 五、發明說明（1) 【技術領域】 本發明係關於使用於交聯聚乙烯絕緣電纜等電纜連接 部之絕緣等之常溫收縮型橡膠單元。 在高壓CV纜線用中間連接部，適用有押出模型，預 鑄型，捲帶塑模型，捲帶型各種種類之構造。除此之外， 近年，由於橡膠塑模技術之顯著進步，開發出優於施工性 之單件橡膠塊型接頭（r B J )，此適用情形逐漸快速地 擴大。現在之橡膠塊型接頭之主流，係乙烯-丙烯橡膠（ E P R )製。 使用上述橡膠塊型接頭，例如欲連接6 6 k V以上高 壓電纜（以下，視其需要略記爲纜線）時，使用在現場對 於連接部分裝設橡膠單元以形成連接部之現場施工方式。 然而，上述以往方式，係由於在現場進行施工，施工 需花費長時間，又需要確保施工所需之工作空間。 又，欲在現場進行施工時，不能充分管理進入於橡膠 單元內之異物等，所以有仍捲入異物之狀態下進行連接作 業之危險性。 再者，爲了使在現場之施工容易，預先在工廠將橡膠 單元由擴徑固持構件加以擴徑，從在現場所擴徑之橡膠單 元去除擴徑固持構件而將橡膠單元裝設於纜線連接部之方 法爲人所知曉。 但是，從以往所使用之此種橡膠單元，係適用於電壓 層次低之纜線者，可使用於6 6 k V以上之高壓電纜未被 實用化。 -4 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 _—_ _ B7_______ 五、發明說明（2 ) 本發明係鑑於上述問題所開發者，其目的係提供一種 ，在現場之施工容易，可適用於6 6 k V以上之高壓電纜 之連接部之常溫收縮型橡膠單元。 【發明之揭示】 近年，高耐熱，低應力緩和（永久伸長爲小），低硬 度等，諸多之點較乙-丙烯橡膠（E P R)更優之矽橡膠 (S i R )之機械性特性有顯著地提升。 矽橡膠係長時間具有撕裂力低之問題，隨著近年之技 術性進步，終於開發出具有高撕裂力之矽橡膠。因而，本 發明人等，係注目於此矽橡膠之可能性，就高壓電纜用工 廠擴徑方式之常溫收縮型橡膠單元之適用進行了檢討。 其結果，矽橡膠係於其溫度特性，彈性率，永久伸長 特性之物性面上，與上述乙-丙烯橡膠（E P R )比較具 有優異之特性，尤其於永久伸長特性，適用於工廠擴徑方 式之常溫收縮型橡膠單元時曉得了具有優異特性。又，矽 橡膠，在加硫前爲液狀，關於成形性與上述E P R比較也 & 極爲優異。 狀 Γρ 再者，依據實驗等，作爲橡膠單元之絕緣部分之嵌合 f I 面壓若可確保0 · 4 k g f / C m 2以上時，確認了可確保 h 高壓電纜所需之絕緣性能。又’作爲嵌合面壓若具有 j 〇 · 4 k g f / c m 2 .時，就可確保防水性能。 > 一般，將橡膠單元裝設於電纜之後，橡膠單元與電纜578352 A7 B7___ 5. Description of the Invention (1) [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a normal temperature shrinkable rubber unit used for insulation of cable connection parts such as cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables. At the intermediate connection for high-voltage CV cables, various types of structures such as extruded models, pre-molded models, tape-and-reel models, and tape-and-reel types are applicable. In addition, in recent years, due to the remarkable progress of rubber molding technology, a one-piece rubber block joint (r B J) has been developed that is superior to workability, and this application situation is gradually expanding. The current mainstream of rubber block type joints is made of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR). When using the rubber block type connector, for example, to connect high-voltage cables above 66 kV (hereinafter, it will be referred to as a cable if necessary), use the on-site construction method in which rubber units are installed on the connection part to form the connection part. However, the above-mentioned conventional method is because the construction takes place on the site, which takes a long time for construction, and it is necessary to ensure a working space required for construction. In addition, when attempting to carry out construction on site, foreign objects entering the rubber unit cannot be fully managed, so there is a danger that connection operations may be performed while the foreign objects are still involved. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the construction on site, the rubber unit is enlarged in diameter at the factory by an enlarged diameter retaining member, the enlarged diameter retaining member is removed from the rubber unit enlarged at the site, and the rubber unit is installed in the cable connection. The method of ministry is known. However, since such rubber units used in the past are suitable for cables with low voltage levels, high-voltage cables of 66 kV or higher can not be put into practical use. -4-(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 _—_ _ B7_______ V. Description of the invention (2) The invention was developed in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a room temperature shrinkable rubber unit that can be easily applied on site and can be applied to the connection portion of a high-voltage cable of 66 kV or higher. [Disclosure of the invention] In recent years, high heat resistance, low stress relaxation (permanent elongation is small), low hardness, etc. Many points have better mechanical properties of silicon rubber (S i R) than ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR). Significantly improved. Silicone rubber has a problem of low tearing power for a long time. With the technological progress in recent years, silicone rubber with high tearing power has finally been developed. Therefore, the present inventors paid attention to the possibility of this silicone rubber, and reviewed the application of the normal-temperature shrinkable rubber unit of the diameter expansion method in the factory for high-voltage cables. As a result, silicone rubber has excellent characteristics compared with the above-mentioned ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) on the physical properties of its temperature characteristics, elastic modulus, and permanent elongation characteristics, especially for permanent elongation characteristics, and is suitable for factory diameter expansion methods. It is known that the normal temperature shrinkable rubber unit has excellent characteristics. In addition, the silicone rubber is liquid before being vulcanized, and it is & extremely excellent in terms of moldability as compared with the above-mentioned EPR. State Γρ In addition, according to experiments and the like, if the mating f I surface pressure of the insulating part of the rubber unit can ensure 0.4 kg f / C m 2 or more, it is confirmed that the insulation performance required for h high-voltage cables can be ensured. In addition, if j 面 4 k g f / c m 2. Is used as the fitting surface pressure, waterproof performance can be ensured. > Generally, after installing the rubber unit to the cable, the rubber unit and the cable
F η 間之嵌合面壓將隨著時間而降低。使用矽橡膠時，若依據 ί 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公f) ~ · 一 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)The fitting surface pressure between F η will decrease with time. When using silicone rubber, if the paper size is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 male f) according to the paper size ~ ~ 1 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
578352 Α7 _____Β7___ 五、發明說明（3 ) 實驗結果之試算時，曉得了在最嚴苛使用條件下（所假想 之導體溫度爲9 0°C連續）時，經過3 0年後，嵌合面壓 就降低4 0 %，降低到初期嵌合面壓之6 0 %。因此，欲 使30年後之面壓爲0·4kgf/cm2以上時，作爲初 期嵌合面壓只要確保0·67kgf/cm2以上即可。 若使用上述矽橡膠時，就可確保上述初期嵌合面壓 〇· 67kgf/cm2，並且，即使經過30年也可確保 上述0 · 4kg f/cm2左右之嵌合面壓。 根據以上，於本發明係如下地解決上述問題。 (1 )安裝於纜線連接部時，將與纜線絕緣體之接觸 面之面壓形成爲可變成Ό · 6 7kg f/cm2以上之橡膠 單元預先在工廠擴徑支持於擴徑固持構件上，在現場取除 擴徑固持構件，將橡膠單元裝設於高壓電纜。 (2 )將上述橡膠單元，由與電纜絕緣體之接觸面之 面壓之降低率，在使用3 0年間成爲4 0%以下之矽橡膠 來形成。 聲 ;·ρ 於本發明，因在高壓電纜之連接作業預先在工廠將橡 膠單元擴徑支持於擴徑固持構件上，在現場取除擴徑固持 構件，裝設於高壓電纜之連接部，所以在現場之施工就變 成容易，而可避免仍捲入異物之狀態下進行連接作業之危 險性。尤其，因將橡膠單元之初期嵌合面壓變成 〇·67kgf/cm2以上，所以即使使用30年也可確 保大約0 · 4kg f/cm2左右之嵌合面壓，可確保所需 之絕緣性能及防水性能。 -6 - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 ΚΙ ---一 Β7 五、發明說明（4 ) 【實施發明之最佳形態】 第1圖係表示本發明實施例之高壓電纜用常溫收縮型 橡膠單元1 (材料管）構成之圖。橡膠單元1係略呈圓筒 形狀’而由內部半導電層1 a ，與絕緣層1 b，與外部半 導電層1 c所構成。橡膠單元1係由以矽橡膠爲主體之彈 性構件所形成，半導電層1 a , 1 c混入有碳等，賦與半 導電性。 橡膠單元1之內徑，係形成爲較所裝設之電纜外形更 小’將橡膠單元裝設於電纜時之嵌合面壓，係由擴徑橡膠 單元1所產生之彈性來確保。 第2圖係表示由擴徑固持構件擴徑固持橡膠單元1狀 態之圖。於該圖，2係擴徑固持構件2，橡膠單元1係預 先於工廠’如該圖所示擴徑固持於擴徑固持構件2上，以 第2圖所示狀態搬運到施工現場。 擴徑固持構件2之內徑，係形成爲較欲裝設之電纜外 徑爲大，在擴徑固持構件2內插入電纜時，擴徑固持構件 2係可在電纜上移動。 又，將插入於擴徑固持構件2內之電纜把橡膠單元i 位於電纜連接部上時，爲了使擴徑固持構件2容易從橡膠 單元1拔出，將擴徑固持構件2例如由摩擦係數小的材_ 構成，或在擴徑固持構件2表面塗佈潤滑材等，又，@ _ 徑固持構件2與橡膠單元1間使其具有低摩擦係數材# , 或，也可以解體擴徑固持構件2加以去除。 ----------裝·------- 訂---------a^wi (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 7 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（5 ) 第3圖係表示將橡膠單元1裝設於電纜連接部狀態之 圖。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 於該圖，參照數字分別表示3係電纜，3 a係電纜絕 緣體，3b係電纜導體’ 4係導體連接管。 若將橡膠單元1如第3圖所示欲裝設於電纜連接部時 ，如第2圖所示，在支持於擴徑固持構件2上之橡膠單元 1內插入電纜之後，將欲連接之2條電纜之電纜導體3 b 以導體連接管4連接來形成連接部。其次，將在擴徑固持 構件2上所支持之橡膠單元1使其位於電纜連接部上，拔 取擴徑固持構件2。藉此橡膠單元1就縮徑，橡膠單元1 將裝設於電纜連接部上。 適用於本實施例之高下電纜用常溫收縮型橡膠單元之 矽橡膠之物性値，與以往之乙-丙烯橡膠（E P R )比較 一起表示於下表。 絕緣性政橡 膠之物性値 項目 矽橡膠 EP橡膠 拉力伸長率 790% 750% 破壞強度 lOMPa 9.3MPa 硬度（JIS-A) 34 60 撕裂強度（JIS-A) 2 1.5N/mm 11.8N/mm 永久伸長100%伸長 2.6% 3 2.4 %578352 Α7 _____ Β7 ___ 5. Description of the invention (3) During the trial calculation of the experimental results, I knew that under the most severe conditions of use (the assumed conductor temperature is 90 ° C continuous), after 30 years, the mating surface pressure It is reduced by 40% to 60% of the initial mating surface pressure. Therefore, if the surface pressure after 30 years is to be 0.4 kgf / cm2 or more, the initial fitting surface pressure may be as large as 0.67 kgf / cm2 or more. When the above-mentioned silicone rubber is used, the initial mating surface pressure of 0.67 kgf / cm2 can be secured, and the mating surface pressure of about 0.4 kg f / cm2 can be secured even after 30 years. Based on the above, the present invention solves the above problems as follows. (1) When installing on a cable connection part, press the surface of the contact surface with the cable insulator to make it Ό · 67 kg f / cm2 or more. The rubber unit is expanded in advance at the factory and supported on the expansion holding member. Remove the enlarged diameter retaining member on site and install the rubber unit on the high-voltage cable. (2) The above-mentioned rubber unit is formed from a reduction rate of the surface pressure of the contact surface with the cable insulator, and it is formed by using silicon rubber that becomes 40% or less in 30 years. Acoustic sound; · ρ In the present invention, because the rubber unit is expanded and supported on the expanded holding member in the factory in connection with the high voltage cable, the expanded holding member is removed on the site and installed at the connection portion of the high voltage cable, so The construction on site becomes easy, and the danger of connection operations while still being involved in foreign objects can be avoided. In particular, since the initial mating surface pressure of the rubber unit is 0.667 kgf / cm2 or more, the mating surface pressure of about 0.4 kg f / cm2 can be ensured even after 30 years of use, which can ensure the required insulation performance and Waterproof performance. -6-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 ΚΙ --- 一 Β7 V. Description of the invention (4) [ Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a normal temperature shrinkable rubber unit 1 (material tube) for a high-voltage cable according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rubber unit 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape 'and is composed of an inner semiconductive layer 1a, an insulating layer 1b, and an outer semiconductive layer 1c. The rubber unit 1 is formed of an elastic member mainly composed of silicone rubber, and the semiconductive layers 1 a and 1 c are mixed with carbon or the like to impart semiconductivity. The inner diameter of the rubber unit 1 is formed to be smaller than the outer shape of the installed cable. The fitting surface pressure when the rubber unit is installed on the cable is ensured by the elasticity generated by the expanded rubber unit 1. Fig. 2 is a view showing a state where the rubber unit 1 is enlarged and held by the enlarged holding member. In this figure, 2 is a diameter-expanding holding member 2 and rubber unit 1 is previously held at the diameter-expanding holding member 2 as shown in the figure before the factory ', and is carried to the construction site in the state shown in FIG. 2. The inner diameter of the enlarged-diameter holding member 2 is formed to be larger than the outer diameter of the cable to be installed. When the cable is inserted into the enlarged-diameter holding member 2, the enlarged-diameter holding member 2 is movable on the cable. When the rubber unit i is placed on the cable connection portion of the cable inserted into the enlarged-diameter holding member 2, in order to make the enlarged-diameter holding member 2 easy to pull out from the rubber unit 1, the enlarged-diameter holding member 2 has a small coefficient of friction, for example. _ Material, or coating the surface of the enlarged diameter retaining member 2 with a lubricating material, etc., and the @ _ diameter retaining member 2 and the rubber unit 1 have a low coefficient of friction material #, or the expanded retaining member can be disassembled 2 to remove. ---------- Packing ----------- Order --------- a ^ wi (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 7 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) The third diagram is a diagram showing the state in which the rubber unit 1 is installed at the cable connection portion. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) In this figure, the reference numbers indicate 3 series cables, 3 a series cable insulators, 3 b series cable conductors, and 4 series conductor connection pipes. If the rubber unit 1 is to be installed on the cable connection portion as shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 2, after the cable is inserted into the rubber unit 1 supported on the enlarged-diameter holding member 2, the 2 to be connected The cable conductors 3 b of the cables are connected by a conductor connecting pipe 4 to form a connection portion. Next, the rubber unit 1 supported on the enlarged-diameter holding member 2 is positioned on the cable connection portion, and the enlarged-diameter holding member 2 is pulled out. As a result, the rubber unit 1 is reduced in diameter, and the rubber unit 1 will be installed on the cable connection portion. The physical properties of the silicone rubber suitable for the normal temperature shrinkable rubber unit for the cable in this example are shown in the following table together with the conventional ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR). Physical properties of insulating political rubber 値 Item Silicon rubber EP rubber tensile elongation 790% 750% breaking strength 10MPa 9.3MPa hardness (JIS-A) 34 60 tear strength (JIS-A) 2 1.5N / mm 11.8N / mm permanent 100% elongation 2.6% 3 2.4%
經濟部智慧財查局員工消費合作fi印S 如上述表1表示，於本實施例所使用之矽橡膠係與 E P橡膠比較雖然硬度小，但是優於撕裂強度及永久伸長 -8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6) 特性，尤其永久伸長特性，係伸長1 0 0 %時於E p R胃 只能回到3 2 . 4 %，與此相對，於本實施例所使用& $ 橡膠回到2 . 6 %，於永久伸長特性呈現極優特性。 於本實施例所使用之矽橡膠，因具有上述之永久伸Λ 特性，所以，將由上述矽橡膠所形成之橡膠單元，即使胃 先在工廠擴徑加以保管，在現場裝設於電纜時將橡膠單元； 之徑，大約可返回到擴徑前之狀態。因此，即使適用於工 廠擴徑方式之橡膠單元，也可確保所需之初期嵌合面壓。 於本實施例所使用之矽橡膠，是否具有適用於高壓電 纜之橡膠單元所需之耐電壓特性進行調查。 爲了調查矽橡膠之耐電壓特性，使用了第4 Α圖所示 構造之防水薄膜（recess sheet )。第4B圖係第4A圖之 4B之放大圖。於第4A圖及4B圖，參照數字11係高 壓側電極，1 2係環氧樹脂，1 3係於本實施例所使用之 矽橡膠，於矽橡膠13，係如第4B圖所示，半導面 13a ， 13b爲於上面與下面被黏著，絕緣體部分厚度 係 1 50//m 〜200//m。 聲 ί ，才 將上述砂橡膠1 3如第4 A圖及第4 B圖所示，設置 於油中，在矽橡膠1 3下面接觸接地電極1 4，在高壓電 極1 1 ’接地電極1 4間S也加AC電壓，脈衝（I mp ) 電壓調查了矽橡膠之電特性。測試條件係如下。 1 ) A C破壞試驗 開始電壓：6kV/l〇分 -9- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（As shown in Table 1 above, the consumption cooperation of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Smart Financial Investigation Bureau is as follows. Although the silicone rubber used in this example is less rigid than EP rubber, it has better tear strength and permanent elongation. 8-This paper The scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) Characteristics, especially permanent elongation characteristics, when the elongation is 100%, the stomach can only return to E p R 32.4%. In contrast, the & $ rubber used in this embodiment returns to 2.6%, showing excellent characteristics in permanent elongation. Since the silicone rubber used in this embodiment has the above-mentioned permanent stretching characteristics, the rubber unit formed from the above-mentioned silicone rubber is stored in the factory even if the stomach is expanded in diameter at the factory. Unit; the diameter can return to the state before the diameter expansion. Therefore, even if it is suitable for a rubber unit with a factory diameter expansion method, the required initial mating surface pressure can be ensured. It is investigated whether the silicone rubber used in this embodiment has the withstand voltage characteristics required for a rubber unit suitable for a high-voltage cable. In order to investigate the withstand voltage characteristics of silicone rubber, a waterproof sheet (recess sheet) having a structure shown in Fig. 4A was used. FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of FIG. 4B of FIG. 4A. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, reference numerals 11 are high-voltage side electrodes, 12 are epoxy resins, 13 are silicone rubbers used in this embodiment, and silicone rubber 13 is shown in FIG. 4B. The guide surfaces 13a and 13b are adhered to the upper and lower surfaces, and the thickness of the insulator portion is 150 // m to 200 // m. As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the sand rubber 1 3 is placed in oil, and the ground electrode 1 4 is contacted under the silicone rubber 1 3, and the ground electrode 1 4 is connected to the high voltage electrode 1 1 AC voltage was also applied between S and pulse (I mp) voltage to investigate the electrical characteristics of silicone rubber. The test conditions are as follows. 1) Starting voltage of AC destruction test: 6kV / l0min-9- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (
1 0 5 °C (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 步進電壓·· lkV/10 分測定溫度：室溫，9 0 °C 測定試料數：在各溫度η = 亦即，於上述各測定溫度，將開始電壓定爲6 k V施 加AC電壓，每隔1 〇分鐘將各1 kV電壓成步進狀態上 升，調查了矽橡膠會絕緣破壞之A C破壞應力（k V / m m )與溫度依存性。 (2 )脈衝（I m p )破壞試驗 開始電壓：+或一14kV/3次 步進電壓：+或—1 4kV/3次 測定溫度：室溫，9 0 °C 測定試料數：在各溫度η = 5 亦即，於上述各測定溫度，將開始電壓定爲+或 一 1 4 k V，各+或一 1 kV上升/下降電壓.，將脈衝電 壓就各電壓施加3次，調查了矽橡膠會絕緣破壞之I m p 破壞應力（k V /m m )。 L Ί 茲於第5圖，第6圖表示上述測試結果。第5圖係表 示上述（1 )之破壞試驗之結果，第6圖係表示上述（2 )之破壞試驗之結果，橫軸係溫度（°C )，縱軸係分別 AC破壞應力（kV/mm) ，Imp破壞應力（kV/ mm)。按，於第5圖，第6圖，於該圖中以縱棒表示之 等範圍內描繪所破壞之試料之A C破壞應力。又，於第6 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8 圖，圓記號係表示對於上述高壓側電極1 1施加正電壓時 之破壞應力，三角記號係表示對於上述高壓側電極1 1施 加負電壓時之破壞應力。 如第5圖所示，於A C破壞試驗於到1 〇 5 °C之範圍 ，對於矽橡膠之A C破壞應力幾乎看不到溫度依存性。 又，如第6圖所示，於I m p破壞試驗，幾乎看不到 I m p破壞試驗由於極性引起之差異。然而，在A C破壞 試驗所看不到溫度依存性無論正負任何極性都被確認。但 是，溫度係數（將於第6圖在室溫之破壞應力之平均値視 爲A，於9 0 t：之破壞應力之平均値視爲B時，A / B ) 都小至1 · 1。 其次，進行上述矽橡膠之壽命檢證試驗。1 0 5 ° C (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Step voltage · lkV / 10 min. Measurement temperature: room temperature, 90 ° C Number of test samples: at each temperature η = ie, in For each of the above measurement temperatures, the starting voltage was set to 6 kV and an AC voltage was applied. Each 1 kV voltage was increased in steps every 10 minutes. The AC breakdown stress (k V / mm) that silicon rubber would cause insulation damage was investigated. Dependence on temperature. (2) Pulse (I mp) destruction test start voltage: + or a 14kV / 3 step voltage: + or -1 4kV / 3 times Measurement temperature: room temperature, 90 ° C Number of test samples: at each temperature η = 5 That is, at each of the above measurement temperatures, the starting voltage was set to + or-1 4 kV, each + or-1 kV rise / fall voltage. The pulse voltage was applied three times to each voltage, and silicone rubber was investigated. I mp failure stress (k V / mm) which will cause insulation damage. L Ί is shown in Figure 5, and Figure 6 shows the results of the above test. Fig. 5 shows the results of the above-mentioned (1) damage test, and Fig. 6 shows the results of the above-mentioned (2) damage test. The temperature of the horizontal axis (° C) and the AC stress of the vertical axis (kV / mm) ), Imp failure stress (kV / mm). According to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the A C failure stress of the sample to be broken is plotted in the range indicated by vertical bars in the figure. In addition, from the 6th to the 10th, this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8 Figures, circle marks indicate the application of the high-voltage side electrode 1 1 The damage stress at a positive voltage, the triangle mark indicates the damage stress when a negative voltage is applied to the above-mentioned high-voltage side electrode 11. As shown in Fig. 5, the AC failure test is in a range of 105 ° C, and for silicone rubber Temperature dependence of the AC failure stress is almost non-existent. As shown in Fig. 6, in the I mp failure test, the difference due to polarity in the I mp failure test is hardly seen. However, it is not visible in the AC failure test. The temperature dependence is confirmed regardless of whether it is positive or negative. However, the temperature coefficient (when the average of the breaking stress at room temperature in Figure 6 is regarded as A, and the average of the breaking stress at 9 0 t: is regarded as B. , A / B) are as small as 1.1. Second, the life verification test of the above-mentioned silicone rubber is performed.
i 聲 ;P 壽命檢證試驗（V _ t試驗），係使用上述第4 A圖 及第4 B圖所示構造之試驗裝置，改變課電時間（分鐘） ，求取矽橡膠破壞時之課電應力（kV/mm)，該圖之 黑圓係破壞試料時之時間（分鐘），描繪課電應力者，又 ，白圓係表示未破壞之試料。又，該圖之實線表示壽命指 數η = 1 7之直線。 於此，有關一般電纜將材料之壽命，曉得可由以下（ 1 )式整理。按，V係課電電壓，t係課電時間，η係被 稱爲上述壽命指數，而是表示試料之長期課電特性之壽命 指數之參數，通常，若η爲1 5以上時，據說可耐長期使 用0 -11 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（9 )i sound; P life verification test (V_t test), using the test device of the structure shown in Figure 4 A and Figure 4 B above, changing the electricity time (minutes), to find the time when silicone rubber failure Electrical stress (kV / mm). The black circle in the figure is the time (minutes) when the sample is broken. The person who describes the electrical stress is depicted. The white circle is the sample that is not damaged. The solid line in the figure indicates a straight line with a life index η = 1 7. Here, we know that the life of materials for general cables can be sorted by the following formula (1). Press, V is the class voltage, t is the class time, and η is called the above-mentioned life index. It is a parameter that indicates the long-term power characteristics of the sample. Generally, if η is 15 or more, it is said that Resistant to long-term use 0 -11-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9)
V 一定 1 由第7圖就可淸楚，於本實施例所使用之矽橡膠之壽 命指數η係1 5以上，確認了具有長期特性。 由以上之試驗確認了於本實施例所使用之矽橡膠係作 爲高壓用C V電纜之附件材料具有充分之耐電壓特性，長 期特性。 其次，就使用上述矽橡膠之高壓電纜用常溫收縮型橡 膠單元與電纜之接觸面之面壓與破壞應力之關係進行檢討 作爲上述構成之橡膠單元之各部位之應力 第3圖所示之下列各部位。 (1) 內導電極平坦部應力：rl (2) 內導電極先端部應力：r2 (3 )界面沿層應力：τ 3 (4)界面豎起應力：r4 係於上述 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) m齊 i £ «7 乍 考慮這些部位之應力·均衡，決定了由電場解析之橡 膠單元之最佳形狀，但是，這些部位之中，最極限部分， 係如上述（2)之τ2， （4)之τ4。 於是，於上述r2，r4，使用界面模型試料調查了 對於嵌合面壓之破壞應力。其結果，於使用矽橡膨之橡膠 單元，若將嵌合面壓視爲0 · 4kg f/ cm2以上時，曉 得了可得到所需充分之耐壓特性。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -12- 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（1〇) 接著，就於本實施例所使用之矽橡膠所形成之橡膠單 元，調查了電纜裝設時之嵌合面壓之降低率。其結果’嵌 合面壓之降低，係即使經過6個月也沒有發現。並且’在 所假想之最嚴苛使用條件下（導體溫度9 0 °C連續3 0年 )，試算經過30年時之面壓時，曉得了面壓降低率爲對 於初期面壓爲4 0%以下，嵌合面壓係初期面壓爲變成 6 0 %以上。 第8圖係電纜絕緣體表面與橡膠單元內面界面之面壓 設計之槪念圖。如該圖所示，將橡膠單元使用擴徑搆件所 擴徑之擴徑狀態保管2年時間時，面壓係約略降低4 0 % 。又，將於上述擴徑狀態所保管之橡膠單元裝設於電纜時 ，隨著時間之經過電纜絕緣體表面與橡膠單元內面之界面 面壓就降低，若假想約使用3 0年時，面壓就如上述再降 低約4 0 %，將變成對於裝設電纜時之初期嵌合面壓之約 6 0%。 於本實施例，考慮上述面壓之變化，適當選擇橡膠單 元1之栓緊率『（電纜裝設時之橡膠單元之內徑-材料管 狀態之橡膠單元1內徑/(電纜裝設時之橡膠單元內徑） 』，與橡膠單元1之材質等，使電纜絕緣體3 a與橡膠單 元1之絕緣層1 b間之初期嵌合面壓（裝設電纜時）變成 0 · 67kg f/cm2以上。藉此，如上述即使經過30 年也可確保0 . 4kg f/cm2以上之面壓，不僅可確保 絕緣性能，並且，可確保防水性能。 茲就將本發明適用於1 1 0 kV之高壓電纜之連接部 -13- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 _______ B7 五、發明說明（11) 之絕緣時之具體例說明如下。 適用本發明之電纜絕緣體外徑爲5 9 m m，與此相對 ，將材料管狀態之橡膠單元內徑定爲4 1 · 3 m m，將外 徑定爲154 · Omm。栓緊直徑差爲17 · 7mm (= 59—41.3)，栓緊率爲30%。橡膠單元之材質係 上述砂橡膠，其蒲松氏比（Poisson’s atio )爲〇 . 4 8， 縱彈性係數爲6 · 5。又，將上述橡膠單元裝設於電纜連 接部後之橡膠單元外徑爲1 5 9 . 7mm。 將上述橡膠單元裝設於電纜之後，由埋入於橡膠單元 內部之面壓感測器測定了初期嵌合面壓。其結果，電纜絕 緣體質樸彫單元之絕緣層間之嵌合面壓爲1 · 7 0 k g f / c m 2 〇 接著，調查了以擴徑狀態下保管2年間時之面壓變化 〇 其結果，將橡膠單元保持於擴徑固持構件上之狀態下 保管2年之後，裝設於電纜上時之上述A部分之嵌合面壓 爲· 93kgf/cm2。 m齊筇宫鋈讨菱易幾£.肖聲>乍土 ------------裝----- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 再者，如上述，經過3 0年後之嵌合面壓降低率爲約 略4 0%以下，變成初期嵌合面壓之6 〇%以上。因此， 初期嵌合面壓爲0 · 9 3kgf/cm2時’ 30年後之面 壓爲變成0 · 56kg f/cm2以上，確認了可充分確保 上述0 · 4kgf/cm2以上。 由以上，若將橡膠單元成爲上述構成時’即使在擴徑 狀態下保管2年之後裝設於電纜’確認了也可確保所需之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） .14- 578352 A7 _B7 ______ 五、發明說明（12) 嵌合面壓。 再者，調查了將嵌合面壓定爲0 · 4kg f /cm2時 之電氣性能。 於實驗，將內徑爲^>28 · 1mm橡膠單元裝設於下 列3種類之電纜，進行A C破壞試驗，脈衝電壓破壞試驗 〇 (1) 電纜絕緣外徑：办31mm(22kV電纜200sq) 嵌合面壓：0.4kgf/cm2 (2) 電纜絕緣外徑：0 33mm(22kV電纜250sq) 嵌合面壓：0.69kgf/cm2 (3) 電纜絕緣外徑p 40mm(66kV電纜400sq) 嵌合面壓：1.7kgf/cm2 f 其結果，從各個破壞値所得到之電氣應力，確認了可 滿足確保所需電·氣性能之設計應力，若是嵌合面壓爲 0 · 4kg f/cm2時，曉得了可充分確保電氣絕緣性。 按，爲了保持電纜與橡膠單元間之氣密也需要 0 · 4kg f/cm2左右之嵌合面壓，藉此若嵌合面壓變 小時在防水性能上也有出現問題之可能性。 如以上所說明，於本發明，將初期嵌合面壓爲能夠變 成0.67kgf/cm2以上所形成之橡膠單元，預先在 工廠擴徑支持於擴徑固持構件上，在現場取除擴徑固持構 件，裝設於高壓電纜之連接部，所以，即使使用近3 0年 也可確保0 . 4kg f/cm2左右之嵌合面壓，而可確保 -15- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（13) 於高壓電纜之所需電氣性能及防水性能。又，在現場之施 工就變成容易，而可避免仍捲入異物之狀態下進行連接作 業之危險性〇 圖式之簡單說明 第1圖係表示本發明之實施例之橡膠單元（材料管） 構成之圖。 第2圖係表示將第1圖之橡膠單元擴徑支持於擴徑支 持構件上狀態之圖。 第3圖係表示將第1圖之橡膠單元裝設於電纜連接部 狀態之圖。 第4 A圖及第4 B圖係爲了調查矽橡膠之耐電壓特性 所使用之防水薄膜之圖。 第5圖係表示本發明之實施例之矽橡膠之A C破壞試 驗結果之’圖。 第6圖係表示本發明之實施例之矽橡膠之.1 m p破壞 試驗結果之圖。 £ 聲 i :才 i 第7圖係表示本發明之實施例之矽橡膠之壽命檢證試 驗（V - t試驗）之圖。 第8圖係電纜絕緣體表面與於橡膠單元內面之界面之 面壓設計之槪念圖。 符號說明 1 橡膠單元 -16- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 578352 A7 B7 五、發明說明（Μ) 2 擴徑固體構件 3 電纜 3 a 電纜絕緣體 3 b 電纜導體 4 導體連接管 11 高壓側電極 1 2 環氧樹脂 13 矽橡膠 1 3 a，1 3 b 半導電橡膠 14 接地電極 -17- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）It can be seen from FIG. 7 that V is constant 1. The life index η of the silicone rubber used in this embodiment is 15 or more, and it is confirmed that it has long-term characteristics. From the above tests, it was confirmed that the silicone rubber used in this embodiment as an accessory material of the CV cable for high voltage has sufficient withstand voltage characteristics and long-term characteristics. Next, the relationship between the surface pressure of the normal temperature shrinkable rubber unit for high-voltage cables using silicone rubber and the contact surface of the cable and the breaking stress will be reviewed. The stress of each part of the rubber unit configured as described above is shown in Figure 3 below. Parts. (1) Stress at the flat portion of the inner conductive electrode: rl (2) Stress at the tip of the inner conductive electrode: r2 (3) Stress along the interface layer: τ 3 (4) Rising stress at the interface: r4 is above (please read the back Please fill in this page again.) Qi Qi «7 Considering the stress and balance of these parts at first, the best shape of the rubber unit analyzed by the electric field is determined. However, the most extreme part of these parts is as above ( 2) of τ2, (4) of τ4. Then, the above-mentioned r2 and r4 were used to investigate the breaking stress with respect to the mating surface pressure using the interface model sample. As a result, when using a silicone rubber-expanded rubber unit, when the mating surface pressure is regarded as 0.4 kg f / cm2 or more, it is understood that the required sufficient pressure resistance characteristics can be obtained. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard < CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -12- 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) Next, the rubber formed by the silicone rubber used in this example This unit investigates the reduction rate of mating surface pressure during cable installation. As a result, the decrease in the embedding surface pressure was not observed even after 6 months. And 'Under the most severe use conditions assumed (conductor temperature 90 ° C for 30 consecutive years), when the surface pressure after 30 years of trial calculation, I know that the surface pressure reduction rate is 40% for the initial surface pressure Hereinafter, the initial surface pressure of the fitting surface pressure is 60% or more. Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram of the surface pressure design of the interface between the cable insulator surface and the inner surface of the rubber unit. As shown in the figure, when the expanded state of the rubber unit using the expanded member is stored for 2 years, the surface pressure is reduced by about 40%. In addition, when the rubber unit stored in the above-mentioned enlarged diameter state is installed on the cable, the interface surface pressure of the cable insulator surface and the inner surface of the rubber unit decreases with the passage of time. If it is assumed to be used for about 30 years, the surface pressure As mentioned above, if it is reduced by about 40%, it will become about 60% of the initial mating surface pressure when the cable is installed. In this embodiment, considering the above-mentioned changes in surface pressure, the tightening rate of the rubber unit 1 is appropriately selected "(inner diameter of the rubber unit when the cable is installed-the inner diameter of the rubber unit 1 in the state of the material tube // Inner diameter of the rubber unit) and the material of the rubber unit 1, etc., the initial mating surface pressure between the cable insulator 3 a and the insulation layer 1 b of the rubber unit 1 (when the cable is installed) becomes 0 · 67kg f / cm2 or more .In this way, even after 30 years, the surface pressure of 0.4 kg f / cm2 or more can be ensured, not only the insulation performance, but also the waterproof performance. The invention is applied to a high voltage of 110 kV. Cable connection part-13- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 _______ B7 V. Description of the invention (11) Specific examples of insulation are described below. In contrast, the outer diameter of the cable insulator to which the present invention is applied is 5 9 mm, while the inner diameter of the rubber unit in the material tube state is set to 4 1 · 3 mm, and the outer diameter is set to 154 · Omm. The difference in bolt diameter is 17 · 7mm (= 59—41.3 ), The bolt tightening rate is 30%. The material of the rubber unit is the above-mentioned sand rubber, whose Poisson's ratio is 0.48, and the longitudinal elastic coefficient is 6 · 5. Furthermore, the rubber unit is installed on the cable The outer diameter of the rubber unit behind the connection portion was 159.7 mm. After the rubber unit was mounted on the cable, the initial mating surface pressure was measured by a surface pressure sensor embedded inside the rubber unit. As a result, the cable The mating surface pressure between the insulating layers of the rustic carved unit is 1. 70 kgf / cm 2 〇 Next, the surface pressure change during storage for 2 years in the expanded diameter state was investigated. As a result, the rubber unit was maintained at the expanded diameter. After 2 years of storage in the state of the holding member, the fitting surface pressure of the above-mentioned part A when installed on the cable is 93 kgf / cm2. ----------- Install ----- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Furthermore, as mentioned above, the reduction rate of the fitting surface pressure after 30 years is approximately Below 40%, it becomes more than 60% of the initial mating surface pressure. Therefore, when the initial mating surface pressure is 0 · 9 3kgf / cm2, '30 years The surface pressure is 0 · 56kg f / cm2 or more, and it is confirmed that the above 0 · 4kgf / cm2 or more can be sufficiently ensured. From the above, if the rubber unit has the above structure, even if it is stored in the expanded state after 2 years of installation It was confirmed in the cable that the required paper size can also ensure that the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) is applicable. 14- 578352 A7 _B7 ______ 5. Description of the invention (12) Fitting surface pressure. Furthermore, the electrical performance when the fitting surface pressure was set to 0.4 kg f / cm2 was investigated. In the experiment, a rubber unit with an inner diameter of ^ > 28 · 1mm was installed on the following three types of cables, and the AC destruction test and pulse voltage destruction test were performed. (1) Cable outer diameter: 31mm (22kV cable 200sq) Surface pressure: 0.4kgf / cm2 (2) Cable insulation outer diameter: 0 33mm (22kV cable 250sq) Mating surface pressure: 0.69kgf / cm2 (3) Cable insulation outer diameter p 40mm (66kV cable 400sq) Mating surface pressure : 1.7 kgf / cm2 f As a result, it was confirmed that the design stress that can satisfy the required electrical and gas performance was obtained from the electrical stress obtained from each failure. If the mating surface pressure is 0 · 4kg f / cm2, we know. Can fully ensure electrical insulation. In order to maintain the airtightness between the cable and the rubber unit, a mating surface pressure of about 0 · 4kg f / cm2 is required, so that if the mating surface pressure becomes small, there may be problems in waterproof performance. As described above, in the present invention, the initial mating surface is pressed to a rubber unit formed to be 0.67 kgf / cm2 or more, and the diameter is expanded and supported on the diameter expansion holding member in the factory in advance, and the diameter expansion holding member is removed on site It is installed in the connection part of the high-voltage cable, so even if it has been used for nearly 30 years, it can ensure a fitting surface pressure of about 0.4kg f / cm2, and can ensure -15- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page) This paper size is in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (13) The electrical and water resistance required for high voltage cables. In addition, the construction at the site becomes easy, and the danger of connection operation while still being involved in foreign objects can be avoided. Brief description of the drawings. Figure 1 shows the structure of a rubber unit (material tube) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure. Fig. 2 is a view showing a state in which the rubber unit of Fig. 1 is expanded and supported on the expanded supporting member. Fig. 3 is a view showing a state in which the rubber unit of Fig. 1 is mounted on a cable connection portion. Figures 4A and 4B are diagrams of the waterproof film used to investigate the withstand voltage characteristics of silicone rubber. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the A C failure test of the silicone rubber according to the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a graph showing a .1 m p failure test result of the silicone rubber according to the embodiment of the present invention. £ Sound i: Talent i Figure 7 is a diagram showing the life verification test (V-t test) of the silicone rubber according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram of the surface pressure design of the interface between the cable insulator surface and the inner surface of the rubber unit. Explanation of Symbols 1 Rubber Unit-16- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 578352 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (M) 2 Expanded solid member 3 Cable 3 a Cable insulator 3 b Cable conductor 4 Conductor connection tube 11 High-voltage side electrode 1 2 Epoxy resin 13 Silicone rubber 1 3 a, 1 3 b Semi-conductive rubber 14 Ground electrode -17- (please first Read the notes on the reverse side and fill out this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)