576024 Λ7 B7 五、發明說明（i) 發明背景 1. 發明領域 本發明大體有關傳輸及接收數位信號之系統，而尤其 有關廣播及接收數位信號內層化調變之系統〇 2. 相關技藝 數位信號通信系統已被使用於各種領域中，包括地球 或衛星數位電視信號傳輸〇 當各種數位信號通信系統及服務逐漸演進，對增加資 料輸貫量及增加服務之需要增長。然而，當需要更換現存 之舊有硬體如傳輸機及接收機時，在舊系統及新服務中施 行任何一種改良均較爲困難〇新系統及服務在其等能利用 現存之舊有硬體時爲屬有利〇在無線電通信領域內，該原 則因電磁頻譜之有限可用度而更顯重要〇因此，在一新頻 率僅傳輸增進或額外之資料爲不可能（或至少不實際）〇 增加頻譜能力之習用方法爲移至一較高次調變，如從 正交相移鍵控（QPSK)至八相移鍵控（8PSK)或十六正交調幅 (16QAM) 〇不幸，QPSK接收機不能解調習用之8PSK或者16 QAM信號〇結果，舊有物產客戶必須提升其接收機，以繼 續接收任何以8PSK或16QAM調變而傳輸之信號。 提供增進或增加之資料輸貫量而不需額外之頻率，對 傳輸信號之系統或方法而言乃屬有利。此外，新接收機之 增進或增加之輸貫量信號能與舊有接收機相合亦屬有利。 若系統或方法允許傳輸信號從一與舊有傳輸機分開之來源 提升則更加有利〇 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.丨规恪（210 x 297么|」 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · 11 n 1 eat mmame n 一 0, β ·1 a^i ϋ n I I * 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印絜 576024 Λ7 _____________ B7 五、發明說明（2) 本發明獲有此等優點〇 本發明綜述 所提出者爲數位信號用之用於傳輸及接收非同調層化 調變之信號、系統及方法。舉例言之，一傳輸資料之層化 信'號包含一用於第一數位信號傳輸之第一載波及第一信號 符號之第一信號層，以及一包括用於一第二信號傳輸之一 第二載波及第二信號符號之置於第一信號層上之第二信號 層，其中層化信號之第一第一載波被解調而第一層被解碼 ，以產生第一信號符號用於第一層傳送，此第一信號符號 經再調變並從層化信號中減除以產生第二信號層，第二信 號層之第二載波被解調及解碼以產生第二信號符號用於第 二層傳送0 本發明之一接收機接收結合之層化信號，並將其解調 以產生第一載波及一穩定之結合信號〇穩定之結合信號經 解碼而產生第一信號符號，後者被提供至第一層傳送〇第 一層符號亦用以建構一理想化之第一層信號〇理想化之第 一層信號從穩定之結合層化信號中減除而產生第二層信號 。第二層信號經解調、解碼，而輸出之第二層符號被提供 至第二層傳送〇 在本發明中，一第二（下）調變層被加至一第一（上 )調變層〇此種方法允許後向相容之實行，亦即舊有設備 可保持不變並繼續傳輸及接收信號，而新設備可同時傳輸 及接收增進之信號〇第二層之加入提供增加之容量及服務 給能從兩層處理資訊之接收機〇上及下層信號可爲非同調 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNSM4规恪（210 X 297么弩」 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I裝--------訂---------. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 576024 Λ7 B7 五、發明說明（3) ;在兩信號層間無必要之載波相位關係〇 替代之具體形式可放棄與特定舊有設備之後向相容性 〇然而，層化調變仍然可以未來之系統用來提供擴充之服 務0此外，如對技術熟練人士爲屬明顯，本發明之原則可 延伸至額外調變層，具有獨立調變、前向改誤（FEC)編碼 及系統在未來可能支援之碼率，而仍然保持後向相容性〇 本發明提供多種優點。 舉例言之，頻譜效率可顯著增加而保持與先存在之接 收機之後向相容性；若兩層皆以同樣之碼率使用同樣之調 變，則頻譜效率可加倍。本發明較其他使用經改適之8PSK 及16QAM之後向相容技術更具能量效率及更具頻寬效率。 本發明之新式調變雖然能達成至少如16QAM調變之頻 譜效率，但其無需如16Q AM時之線性行波管放大器（TWT A) 〇所有各層均可使用QPSK或8PSK，其等對TWTA之非線性較 不敏感。另外，藉由使用QPSK調變於本.發明之所有各層， 在8PSK或16QAM上則不附加因載波相回復錯誤所致之額外 性能減低〇 又，使用本發明時，因不同層之信號爲不同調，故在 傳輸各別層時無需協調〇因此，一新層之信號可從一不同 之TWT A甚或一不同之衛星傳輸出去。如此允許在稍後之時 曰施行後向相容計畫，譬如當一 TWT A可輸出足夠之功率以 支援多層化調變之時〇 此外，在典型具體形式中，本發明之上層對電子流衰 落遠較耐固〇僅只下層與目前之信號波形同樣受到電子流 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNSM4梘格（210 X 297空|_) (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) _裝--------訂---------^^1. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 07 _ 07 _ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 576024 五、發明說明（4) 衰落之影響〇當舊有信號位準在功率上加增時，現有訂戶 將因電子流衰落而經歷遠較爲少之服務中斷。 簡要圖說 茲參考各圖式，其中相同之參考數字在全圖中代表相 應之部件： 圖1A-1C說明在一層化調變傳輸中各信號層之關係； 圖2A-2C說明一第二傳輸層在第一傳輸層上之非同調 信號群集； 圖3爲本發明典型系統之方塊圖； 圖4A-4B爲以本發明之一典型接收機接收第一及第二 層化調變之方塊圖；而 圖5A-5B繪出本發明各實例具體形式之功率位準〇 較佳具體形式詳述 在以下說明中參考各附圖，此等附圖構成其一部份且 以例示方式顯示本發明之若干具體形式〇 —般均了解，其 他具體形式亦可加以利用，且可作成各種結構改變而不背 離本發明之範疇〇 總論576024 Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (i) Background of the invention 1. Field of the invention The present invention relates generally to a system for transmitting and receiving digital signals, and in particular, to a system for broadcasting and receiving digital signals for internal layer modulation. 02. Related art digital signals Communication systems have been used in various fields, including earth or satellite digital television signal transmission. As various digital signal communication systems and services have gradually evolved, the need to increase data throughput and services has grown. However, when it is necessary to replace existing old hardware such as transmitters and receivers, it is more difficult to implement any kind of improvement in the old system and new services. New systems and services can utilize existing old hardware. It is advantageous at times. In the field of radio communications, this principle is even more important due to the limited availability of electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, it is impossible (or at least impractical) to transmit only enhanced or additional information at a new frequency. The customary method of capability is to move to a higher order modulation, such as from quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to eight phase shift keying (8PSK) or sixteen quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). Unfortunately, QPSK receivers cannot Demodulating the conventional 8PSK or 16 QAM signal. As a result, legacy product customers must upgrade their receivers to continue receiving any signals transmitted with 8PSK or 16QAM modulation. Providing increased or increased data throughput without the need for additional frequencies is advantageous for systems or methods of transmitting signals. In addition, it is also advantageous for the enhanced or increased throughput signal of the new receiver to be compatible with the old receiver. It is more advantageous if the system or method allows the transmission signal to be lifted from a source separate from the old transmitter. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A. 丨 Regulations (210 x 297? | "(Please read the back Please fill in this page again for attention) 11 n 1 eat mmame n-1 0, β · 1 a ^ i ϋ n II * Employee Consumer Cooperative Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 絜 576024 Λ7 _____________ B7 V. Description of the invention (2) The invention These advantages are obtained. The present invention is a digital signal for transmitting and receiving non-homogeneous layered modulation signals, systems, and methods. For example, a layered signal for transmitting data includes a A first signal layer for transmitting a first carrier signal and a first signal symbol, and a first signal layer including a second carrier for transmitting a second signal and a second signal symbol on the first signal layer The second signal layer, in which the first first carrier of the layered signal is demodulated and the first layer is decoded to generate a first signal symbol for transmission in the first layer, and the first signal symbol is remodulated and transmitted from Subtraction from stratified signals A second signal layer is generated, and the second carrier of the second signal layer is demodulated and decoded to generate a second signal symbol for transmission in the second layer. 0 A receiver of the present invention receives the combined layered signal and demodulates it. The first carrier and a stable combined signal are generated. The stable combined signal is decoded to generate a first signal symbol, which is provided to the first layer for transmission. The first layer symbol is also used to construct an ideal first layer signal. 〇The idealized first layer signal is subtracted from the stable combined layered signal to generate a second layer signal. The second layer signal is demodulated and decoded, and the output second layer symbol is provided to the second layer for transmission. In the present invention, a second (lower) modulation layer is added to a first (upper) modulation layer. This method allows backward compatible implementation, that is, the old equipment can remain unchanged and continue to transmit. The new equipment can simultaneously transmit and receive enhanced signals. The addition of the second layer provides increased capacity and services to receivers that can process information from the two layers. The upper and lower signals can be used for non-homogeneous paper sizes. China Standards (CNSM4 regulations (210 X 297 Mod crossbow) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) I installed -------- Order ---------. Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Bureau 576024 Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3); There is no necessary carrier phase relationship between the two signal layers. The specific form of replacement can be abandoned after compatibility with specific old equipment. However, the layering adjustment Changes can still be used by future systems to provide extended services. In addition, if it is obvious to a skilled person, the principles of the present invention can be extended to additional modulation layers, with independent modulation, forward error correction (FEC) coding, and The system may support bit rates in the future, while still maintaining backward compatibility. The present invention provides a number of advantages. For example, the spectral efficiency can be significantly increased while maintaining backward compatibility with pre-existing receivers; if both layers use the same modulation at the same code rate, the spectral efficiency can be doubled. The present invention is more energy-efficient and more bandwidth-efficient than other compatible technologies after using the adapted 8PSK and 16QAM. Although the novel modulation of the present invention can achieve at least spectral efficiency such as 16QAM modulation, it does not require a linear traveling wave tube amplifier (TWT A) such as 16Q AM. All layers can use QPSK or 8PSK, which is equivalent to TWTA. Non-linearities are less sensitive. In addition, by using QPSK to tune all layers of the invention, no additional performance degradation due to carrier phase recovery error is added on 8PSK or 16QAM. Also, when using the invention, the signals of different layers are different Therefore, there is no need to coordinate when transmitting the individual layers. Therefore, the signal of a new layer can be transmitted from a different TWT A or even a different satellite. This allows backward compatibility programs to be implemented at a later time, such as when a TWT A can output enough power to support multi-level modulation. In addition, in a typical embodiment, the upper layer of the invention is The fading is much more durable. Only the lower layer is subject to the same current flow as the current signal waveform. The paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CNSM4 grid (210 X 297 blank | _)) (Please read the note on the back first? Matters before filling out this page ) __-------- Order --------- ^^ 1. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 07 _ 07 _ Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 576024 V. Description of the invention (4) Impact of fading 〇 When the old signal level is increased in power, existing subscribers will experience far less service interruption due to the fading of the electronic flow. Brief description is referred to the drawings, where The same reference numerals represent the corresponding components in the entire figure: Figures 1A-1C illustrate the relationship between signal layers in a layer of modulated transmission; Figures 2A-2C illustrate the non-homogeneity of a second transmission layer on the first transmission layer Signal cluster; Figure 3 is a typical system of the present invention Figures 4A-4B are block diagrams of receiving the first and second layer modulation with a typical receiver of the present invention; and Figures 5A-5B depict the power levels of specific forms of each example of the present invention. Detailed Description of Forms In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of them and show some specific forms of the invention by way of illustration. It is generally understood that other specific forms can also be used and can be made into various Structural changes without departing from the scope of the invention
本發明提供在不同功率位準之信號調變且有利提供各 層彼此爲不同調之信號。此外，可執行獨立之信號調變及 編碼。可施行與舊有接收機譬如正交相移鍵控（QPSK)接收 機之後向相容性，並提供新服務給新接收機。本發明之一 典型新式接收機使用兩個解調器及一個再調變器，如下所 詳述C 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.丨規恪（210 X 297 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝- - ------訂·-----I I - 576024 ___B7______ 五、發明說明（5) 在本發明一典型後向相容具體形式中，舊有Qpsk信號 之功率被提升至一較高傳輸（接收）位準0此造成一功率 a空間"，一新加之下層可在其內操作〇舊有接收機無法 分辨新下層信號與加成白高斯雜訊，故而以通常之方式操 作〇層之功率位準之最佳選擇乃依據是否能容納舊有設備 及所欲之新輸貫量與服務而言〇 新下層信號予提供以足夠之載波對熱雜訊比率，而正 確操作〇新下層信號及經提升之舊有信號彼此不同調〇因 此，新下層信號可從一不同之TWT A甚或不同之衛星實施。 新下層信號格式亦與舊有格式無關，例如可爲使用習用序 連FEC碼或使用新Turbo碼之QPSK或8PSKO下層信號甚至 可爲類比信號。 結合之層化信號藉由先將上層解調以移除上載波而予 解調及解碼〇穩定之層化信號於是可使上層FEC解碼並使 輸出之上層符號傳達至上層傳送〇上層符號亦用於再調變 器中，以產生一理想化之上層信號〇理想化之上層信號再 從穩定之層化信號中減除以顯露下層信號〇下層信號於是 被解碼及FEC解碼，並傳達至下層傳送〇 使用本發明之信號、系統及方法可在後向相容應用中 用以補充與舊有硬體相容之先前存在傳輸，或作爲目前或 日後提供一或多個額外層之預定層化調變架構之一部份0 層化信號 圖1A-1C說明在一層化調變傳輸中各信號層之基本關 係。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)Al规恪（210 X 297生|」 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I裝-------丨訂丨丨丨丨丨丨— · . 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 576024 Λ7 B7 五、發明說明（6) 圖1 A例示一傳輸信號之第一層化信號群集100 ，顯示 出信號點或符號102 〇圖1B例示在第一層信號群集100上 之第二層信號群集符號104 ，其中各層爲同調。圖1C例示 在第一層信號群集上之第二傳輸層之第二信號層106 ，其 中各層可能不同調。第二層106圍繞第一層群集102旋轉 ，此因不同調傳輸中兩層之相對調變頻率所致〇第一及第 二層二者皆圍繞原點旋轉，此因第一層調變頻率所致，如 路徑108所描述。 圖2A-2C說明一第二傳輸層在第一傳輸層上之第一層 解調後之信號群集。圖2A顯示在第一藏波回復環路（CRL) 前之群集200 ，而圖2 B顯示在CRL後之群集200 〇在此情 況下，第二層之信號點實際上爲環202 〇圖2 C繪出相對於 節點102之接收信號之相分布。相對調變頻率造成第二層 群集圍繞第一層群集之節點旋轉。在第二層CRL之後，此 旋轉消除〇第二層群集之半徑係由其功率位準予以決定。 環202之厚度由第二層之載波對雜訊比（CNR)予以決定。 當兩層不同調時，第二層亦可用以傳輸類比或數位信號。 圖3爲本發明之一典型系統300之方塊圖。個別傳輸 機316A、316B可置於任何合適之工作臺上，如衛星306A、 3 0 6B，係用以不同調傳輸本發明之不同層信號。上連信號 典型爲從一或多個傳輸站3〇4經天線302傳輸至每一衛星 306A、306B。層化信號308A、308B (下連信號）在接收天 線312 、320 (譬如衛星碟）處接收，各有一低雜訊方塊 310、318，其等於此再耦合至積體接收機/解碼器（IRD) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNSM4规恪（210 X 297免 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝--------訂--------- ^一^^" · 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印敕 576024 Λ7 Β7 五、發明說明（7) 314、322〇由於信號層可不同調傳輸，故個別傳輸層可用 不同衛星306A、306B或其他合宜之工作臺（譬如地面或高 海拔工作臺）在任何時候加入。因此，任何合成信號包括 新加之信號層與不理會新信號層之舊有接收機爲後向相容 〇爲確保信號不致干擾，y低層之合成信號及雜訊位準必須 與上層之允許雜訊底部相當或較低。 本發明在後文將以後向相容及非後向相容之特定應用 予以說明〇 a後向相容〃在此意義中描述施加於先前所實 施系統之補充信號層。在此等應用中，先前存在之系統架 構必須由額外信號層之架構予以包容〇 a非後向相容〃描 述一使用層化調變但無先前存在設備之系統架構〇 先前存在之舊有IRD 322僅將來自所設計以接收之層 (或多層）之資料解碼並加以使用，不受額外層之影響〇 然而，如以下所述，舊有信號可予修改而以最佳方式實施 各新層〇本發明可應用於廣播至個別用戶之現存直接衛星 服務，以便能夠用新接收機得到額外之特色及服務，而不 負面影響舊有接收機且無需額外之信號頻率。 解調器及解碼器 圖4A-4B爲以本發明之一典型接收機次系統400接收 一層化調變之方塊圖。圖4A描繪層減除工作予執行於一上 載波已被解調之信號上之接收工作〇所接收結合信號41 6 之上層（可含舊有調變格式）係以一解調器404處理而產 生穩定之解調信號輸出4 2 0 〇經解調之信號饋至一解碼器 402 ，將上層作FEC解碼。上層解碼器402產生上層符號 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.l规格（21〇χ 297公g) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) *裝 -------訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產¾員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 576024 _B7_ _ 五、發明說明（8) 輸出至一上層傳送，且亦用以產生一理想化之上層信號。 上層符號可按Viterbi解碼（誤碼率約<1〇_3)或Reed-Solomon (RS)解碼（誤碼率約<10_9)，在業界熟練人士 已知之典型解碼操作中由解碼器402產生〇來自上層解碼 器402之上層符號饋至一再調變器4〇6 ，有效產生一理想 化之上層信號供自穩定解碼器信號42〇中減除〇 爲讓減除工作留下一乾淨之小低層信號，上層信號必 須予準確再生〇受調變之信號可能已因例如TWTA非線性而 失眞〇失眞效應係由事後所接收之信號或由TWT A特性予以 估算，後者可下載於調幅一調幅及/或調幅一調相圖418 中之積體接收機/解碼器內，用以消除失眞〇 一減除器412再將理想化之上層信號從穩定之解調信 號420中減除〇如此留下較低功率之第二層信號〇減除器 包括一緩衝或延遲功能，以於理想化之上層信號被建造時 保留穩定之解調信號420 〇第二層信號根據其信號格式被 解調410及FEC解碼408 〇 圖4B描繪另一層減除工作予執行於所接收層化信號上 之接收工作〇解調器404產生上層載波信號422 (以及穩 定解調信號輸出420 ) 〇上層載波信號被輸出至再調變器 406 ，有效產生一理想化之上層信號，後者包括用以自所 接收之結合信號416減除之上層信號。其他相當之層減除 方法將由業界熟練人士思及，故本發明不應限定於本文中 所提供之實例〇此外，業界熟練人士均將了解本發明不限 定二層；可包括額外之層0理想化之上層經由其等個別之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.丨規恪（210 X 297 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -------訂---------si. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印奴 576024 Λ7 __B7_ 五、發明說明（10) 估算任何失眞效應譬如TWTA非線性效應供信號減除用。在 本發明之一典型具體形式中，上與下層頻率大體相同0使 用在各層間之頻率偏置可獲得顯著之系統效率增進0 使用本發明時，用QPSK之兩層後向相容調變藉由加添 一高於現存TWT A功率約0.6 2分貝之TWT A而使現有之6/7率 容量加倍。新進QPSK信號可由一分離之傳輸機自例如不同 之衛星傳輸。此外，無需如16QAM時之線性TWTAo又，無 相位誤差懲罰加徵於較高階之調變譬如8PSK及16QAM上〇 後向相容應用 圖5A繪出本發明各實例具體形式之相對功率位準500 。圖5A非一按比例之圖式〇此具體形式藉由使用一高出先 前存在之了〜14等量等向輻射功率（£11^)6.2分貝之1撕了人及 低於先前存在之TWTA功率2分貝之第二TWTA將先前存在率 6/7容量加倍。此具體形式使用不同調之上及下QPSK層。 6/7之碼率亦用於該二層。在此具體形式中，舊有QPSK信 號502之信號予用以產生上層504 ，而一新QPSK層則爲下 層510 〇舊有QPSK信號5 02之CNR約爲7分貝〇在本發明 中，舊有QPSK信號502之功率提升約6.2分貝，使新功率 位準成爲如上層504之約13.2分貝〇上層之雜訊底506約 爲6.2分貝。該新下QPSK層510具有約5分貝之CNR 〇下 層之全部信號及雜訊維持等於或低於上層之可容忍雜訊底 506 〇本發明之功率提升上層504亦極爲耐固，而使其具 電子流衰落抗性〇應請注意，本發明可擴及具有混合調變 、編碼及碼率之多重層次〇 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.n見恪（21〇χ 297公g) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I裝--------訂---------· 576024 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明（u) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)The invention provides signal modulation at different power levels and advantageously provides signals whose layers are different from each other. In addition, independent signal modulation and coding can be performed. It can perform backward compatibility with old receivers such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) receivers and provide new services to new receivers. A typical new type of receiver of the present invention uses two demodulators and one re-modulator, as detailed below. C The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A. 丨 Regulations (210 X 297 (please read the back first) Please pay attention to this page before filling in this page) _Installation-------- Order · ----- II-576024 ___B7______ V. Description of the invention (5) In a typical backward compatible specific form of the present invention, the old The power of the Qpsk signal is raised to a higher transmission (reception) level. This results in a power a space " a new plus lower layer can operate within it. The old receiver cannot distinguish between the new lower layer signal and the additive white. Gaussian noise, so the best choice to operate the power level of the layer 0 in the usual way is based on whether it can accommodate the old equipment and the desired new throughput and service. The new lower layer signal is provided with sufficient carrier For the thermal noise ratio, correct operation. The new lower layer signal and the upgraded old signal are different from each other. Therefore, the new lower layer signal can be implemented from a different TWT A or even a different satellite. The new lower layer signal format is also the same as the old one. Format-independent, for example Sequenced FEC codes or QPSK or 8PSKO lower layer signals using the new Turbo code can even be analog signals. The combined layered signal is demodulated and decoded by demodulating the upper layer first to remove the upper carrier. 0 Stable layered signal Therefore, the upper layer FEC can be decoded and the output upper layer symbols are transmitted to the upper layer. The upper layer symbols are also used in the remodulator to generate an idealized upper layer signal. The idealized upper layer signal is then returned from the stable layered signal. Subtract to reveal the lower layer signal. The lower layer signal is then decoded and decoded by FEC and transmitted to the lower layer for transmission. The signals, systems and methods of the present invention can be used in backward compatible applications to supplement the compatibility with older hardware. Pre-existing transmissions, or as part of a pre-determined modulation architecture that provides one or more additional layers now or in the future. 0-Layered Signals Figures 1A-1C illustrate the basic relationship of signal layers in a single-layered modulation transmission. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Al regulations (210 X 297 students | "(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) I installed ------- 丨 Order 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨— ·. Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Cooperative's Consumer Cooperative 576024 Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) Figure 1 A illustrates a first layered signal cluster 100 transmitting a signal, showing a signal point or symbol 102. Figure 1B illustrates the first layer signal The second layer signal cluster symbol 104 on the cluster 100, where each layer is coherent. Figure 1C illustrates the second signal layer 106 of the second transmission layer on the first layer signal cluster, where each layer may be different tones. The second layer 106 surrounds The first layer cluster 102 rotates, which is caused by the relative modulation frequencies of the two layers in different modulation transmissions. Both the first and second layers rotate around the origin, which is caused by the first layer modulation frequency, such as the path 108 as described. Figures 2A-2C illustrate a second cluster of signals after demodulation of the first layer on the first transport layer. Figure 2A shows the cluster 200 before the first Tibetan Wave Recovery Loop (CRL), and Figure 2B shows the cluster 200 after the CRL. In this case, the signal point of the second layer is actually the ring 202. Figure 2 C plots the phase distribution with respect to the received signal of node 102. The relative modulation frequency causes the second-level cluster to rotate around the nodes of the first-level cluster. After the second-level CRL, this rotation is eliminated. The radius of the second-level cluster is determined by its power level. The thickness of the ring 202 is determined by the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the second layer. When the two layers are different, the second layer can also be used to transmit analog or digital signals. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a typical system 300 according to the present invention. Individual transmitters 316A, 316B can be placed on any suitable platform, such as satellites 306A, 306B, which are used to transmit signals of different layers of the present invention in different tones. The uplink signal is typically transmitted from one or more transmission stations 304 via antenna 302 to each satellite 306A, 306B. The layered signals 308A, 308B (downlink signals) are received at the receiving antennas 312, 320 (such as satellite dishes), each with a low noise block 310, 318, which is equal to this re-coupled to the integrated receiver / decoder (IRD) ) This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNSM4 regulations (210 X 297 exemption (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page))-Install -------- Order --------- ^ 一 ^^ " · Institute of Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 敕 576024 Λ7 Β7 V. Description of the Invention (7) 314, 322 〇 As the signal layer can be transmitted in different tones, individual transmission layers can use different satellites 306A, 306B or other A suitable workbench (such as a ground or high-altitude workbench) is added at any time. Therefore, any synthesized signal including the newly added signal layer and the old receiver ignoring the new signal layer is backward compatible. To ensure that the signal does not interfere The level of the composite signal and noise at the lower level must be comparable to or lower than the bottom of the allowed noise at the upper level. The present invention will be described later for specific applications that are compatible and not backward compatible. Rong Hong describes in this sense the imposition on Supplementary signal layer for previously implemented systems. In these applications, the pre-existing system architecture must be tolerated by the architecture of the additional signal layer. 0a Non-backward compatible. Describes the use of layered modulation without previously existing equipment. System architecture. The pre-existing legacy IRD 322 only decodes and uses data from the layer (or layers) designed to be received, and is not affected by additional layers. However, as described below, legacy signals can be modified The new layers are implemented in the best way. The present invention can be applied to existing direct satellite services broadcast to individual users, so that new features and services can be obtained with the new receiver without negatively affecting the old receiver without the need for additional Signal frequency. Demodulator and Decoder Figures 4A-4B are block diagrams of receiving a layer of modulation using a typical receiver sub-system 400 of the present invention. Figure 4A depicts the layer subtraction to be performed on a carrier that has been resolved. The receiving work on the modulated signal. The received combined signal 41 6 The upper layer (which may include the old modulation format) is processed by a demodulator 404 to produce a stable demodulated signal output 4 2 0 〇The demodulated signal is fed to a decoder 402, which decodes the upper layer for FEC. The upper layer decoder 402 generates upper layer symbols. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Al specification (21〇χ 297 g) (Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) * Installation ------- Order --------- Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property ¾ Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative Society of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative 576024 _B7_ _ V. Description of the invention (8) The output is transmitted to an upper layer, and is also used to generate an idealized upper layer signal. The upper layer symbols can be decoded according to Viterbi (bit error rate about < 1〇_3) or Reed-Solomon (RS ) Decoding (bit error rate is about < 10_9), which is generated by the decoder 402 in a typical decoding operation known to those skilled in the industry. The symbols from the upper layer of the upper decoder 402 are fed to the re-modulator 4 06, which effectively generates an ideal The upper layer signal is used for subtraction from the stable decoder signal 42. In order for the subtraction to leave a clean small low layer signal, the upper layer signal must be accurately reproduced. The modulated signal may have been caused by, for example, TWTA nonlinearity. The loss effect is caused by hindsight The received signal may be estimated by the TWT A characteristic, which can be downloaded into the integrated receiver / decoder in the AM-AM and / or AM-PM diagram 418 to eliminate the loss. A subtractor 412 and Subtract the idealized upper layer signal from the stable demodulated signal 420. This leaves a lower power second layer signal. The subtractor includes a buffer or delay function to retain the idealized upper layer signal when it is constructed. Stable demodulated signal 420. The second layer signal is demodulated 410 and FEC decoded 408 according to its signal format. Figure 4B depicts another layer of subtraction work to be performed on the received layered signal. The demodulator 404 generates Upper carrier signal 422 (and stable demodulated signal output 420). The upper carrier signal is output to the re-modulator 406, which effectively generates an idealized upper layer signal, which includes a subtraction of the upper layer from the received combined signal 416. signal. Other equivalent layer reduction methods will be considered by those skilled in the industry, so the invention should not be limited to the examples provided herein. In addition, those skilled in the industry will understand that the invention is not limited to the second layer; additional layers may be included. Ideal The upper layer is adapted to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A. 丨 regulations through their individual paper standards (210 X 297 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ------- order- ------- si. Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Innu 576024 Λ7 __B7_ V. Description of the invention (10) Estimate any loss effect such as TWTA nonlinear effect for signal reduction. One of the inventions In a typical specific form, the upper and lower frequencies are approximately the same. 0 Use of frequency offsets between layers can achieve significant system efficiency enhancements. 0 When using the present invention, the two layers of QPSK are used for backward compatible modulation by adding a high The existing TWT A has a power of about 0.6 2 dB, which doubles the existing 6/7 rate capacity. The new QPSK signal can be transmitted by a separate transmitter from, for example, a different satellite. In addition, the linear TWTAo at 16QAM is not required. No phase error penalty Penalties are imposed on higher order modulations such as 8PSK and 16QAM. Backward compatible applications Figure 5A plots the relative power levels of the specific forms of the examples of the invention 500. Figure 5A is not a scaled figure. This specific form By using a ~ 14 equal isotropic radiant power (£ 11 ^) higher than the pre-existing one, 6.2 dB decimates people and a second TWTA lower than the pre-existing TWTA power by 2 decibels will reduce the pre-existing rate 6 / 7 capacity is doubled. This specific form uses different tones above and below the QPSK layer. The code rate of 6/7 is also used for the second layer. In this specific form, the signal of the old QPSK signal 502 is used to generate the upper layer 504, A new QPSK layer is the lower layer 510. The CNR of the old QPSK signal 502 is about 7 decibels. In the present invention, the power of the old QPSK signal 502 is increased by about 6.2 decibels, making the new power level as the upper layer 504. About 13.2 dB. The upper noise floor 506 is about 6.2 dB. The new lower QPSK layer 510 has a CNR of about 5 dB. All signals and noise in the lower layer remain equal to or lower than the tolerable noise floor 506 in the upper layer. The power-upper layer 504 of the invention is also extremely durable, which makes it have electron flow decay. Resistance 〇 It should be noted that the present invention can be extended to multiple levels with mixed modulation, coding, and bit rate. 〇 This paper standard is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) An Jian Ke (21〇χ 297 g) (please first Read the precautions on the back and fill in this page) I installed -------- Order --------- · 576024 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (u) (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page again)
在此一後向相容應用之替代具體形式中，可將2/3之 碼率用於上及下層5 04、510二者。此種情況下，舊有QPSK 信號502 (碼率爲2/3 )之CNR約爲5·8分貝。舊有QPSK 信號502提升約5.3分貝至11.1分貝（高出碼率爲2/3之 舊有QPSK信號502達4.1分貝），以形成上QPSK層504 〇 新下QPSK層510具有約3.8分貝之CNR 〇下層510之全部 信號及雜訊維持等於或低於約5.3分貝，乃上QPSK層之可 容忍雜訊底506 〇在此情況下，整體容量增進約1.55倍， 且先舊有IRD之有效率爲實施層化調變前之7/9 〇 在本發明進一步之後向相容應用具體形式中，上與下 層5 04、510間之碼率可予固定。舉例言之，舊有QPSK信號 5〇2可提升約5.3分貝至12. 3分貝，而碼率於6/7不變以 產生上QPSK層504 〇新下QPSK層510可用2/3之碼率，而 CNR約3.8分貝〇在此情況下，相對於舊有信號502之總 容量約爲1.7 8分貝。此外，舊有IRD將不受害於碼率減低 〇 非後向相容應用 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 如前所討論，本發明亦可用於vv非後向相容〃應用〇 在一第一實例具體形式中，兩QPSK層5 04、510各以2/3之 碼率使用。上QPSK層504具有高出其雜訊底506約4.1分 貝之CNR ，而下QPSK層510亦具有約4.1分貝之CNR 〇下 QPSK層510之總碼及雜訊位準約爲5.5分貝。上QPSK信號 5 〇4之總CNR約爲9·4分貝，僅高出舊有QPSK信號率6/7 達2.4分貝〇容量相較於舊有率6/7約爲1.7 4分貝。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.l规恪（210 X 297 576024In this alternative specific form of backward compatible application, a code rate of 2/3 can be used for both the upper and lower layers 504 and 510. In this case, the CNR of the old QPSK signal 502 (code rate is 2/3) is about 5.8 dB. The old QPSK signal 502 is increased by about 5.3 dB to 11.1 dB (the old QPSK signal 502 is 2/3 higher than the code rate of 4.1 dB) to form the upper QPSK layer 504. The new lower QPSK layer 510 has a CNR of about 3.8 dB 〇 All the signals and noise of the lower layer 510 remain at or below about 5.3 dB, which is the tolerable noise floor of the upper QPSK layer 506. In this case, the overall capacity is increased by about 1.55 times, and the efficiency of the old IRD is the oldest In order to implement the 7/9 before the layering and modulation. In the specific application form for compatible application after the invention is further developed, the bit rates between the upper and lower layers may be fixed. For example, the old QPSK signal 502 can be improved by about 5.3 dB to 12.3 dB, and the bit rate is unchanged at 6/7 to generate the upper QPSK layer 504. The new QPSK layer 510 can use a 2/3 code rate. The CNR is about 3.8 dB. In this case, the total capacity of the old signal 502 is about 1.78 dB. In addition, the old IRD will not be harmed by the reduction of the bit rate. Non-backward compatible applications. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. As previously discussed, the present invention can also be used for vv non-backward compatible applications. In the specific form of the first example, the two QPSK layers 504 and 510 are each used at a code rate of 2/3. The upper QPSK layer 504 has a CNR of approximately 4.1 dB above its noise floor 506, while the lower QPSK layer 510 also has a CNR of approximately 4.1 dB. The total code and noise level of the lower QPSK layer 510 is approximately 5.5 dB. The total CNR of the QPSK signal 504 is about 9.4 dB, which is only 6/7 higher than the old QPSK signal rate of 2.4 dB. The capacity is about 1.7 4 dB compared to the old rate of 6/7. This paper size applies Chinese National Standards (CNS) A.l (210 X 297 576024)
五、發明說明（12) 圖5B描繪一替代具體形式之相對功率位準，其中上及 下層504 、510二者均低於舊有信號位準502 〇兩QPSK層 504、510均使用1/2之碼率。在此情況下，上QPSK層504 較其約爲4.1分貝之雜訊底506高出約2.0分貝〇TQPSK 層具有約2.0分貝之CNR ，而總碼及雜訊位準等於或低於 4.1分貝〇此具體形式之容量相較於舊有率6/7約爲1.31 分貝〇 結論 以上包括本發明較佳具體形式之說明已就例示及說明 之目的予以呈現。其無意包羅一切或將本發明限定於所揭 示之精確形式0依照以上之敎示可能有許多修改及變化〇 所意圖者爲不以此詳細之說明而係以後附之申請專利範圍 對本發明之範疇設限〇以上說明書、實例及數據提供本發 明之完整製作及使用說明Q由於本發明可製成許多具體形 式而不背離本發明之範疇，故本發明歸屬於後附之申請專 利範圍。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印较 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A.l规恪（210 X 297V. Description of the invention (12) Figure 5B depicts an alternative specific form of relative power level, where both the upper and lower layers 504, 510 are lower than the old signal level 502. Both QPSK layers 504, 510 use 1/2 The bit rate. In this case, the upper QPSK layer 504 is about 2.0 dB higher than its noise floor 506 of about 4.1 dB. The TQPSK layer has a CNR of about 2.0 dB, and the total code and noise level is equal to or lower than 4.1 dB. The capacity of this specific form is about 1.31 decibels compared to the old rate of 6/7. Conclusion The above description including the preferred specific form of the present invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and illustration. It is not intended to be inclusive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. 0 There may be many modifications and changes in accordance with the above indications. The intention is that the scope of the invention is not included in the scope of the present patent application for the purpose of not detailing this. Set limits. The above descriptions, examples, and data provide a complete production and use description of the invention. Since the invention can be made into many specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention, the invention falls within the scope of the appended patent application. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A.l regulations (210 X 297)