TW567332B - Fuel single cell performance testing device and method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a fuel single cell performance testing device and method, in which the anode and cathode of the fuel single cell are connected to an electronic load, and an air source and a hydrogen source are applied into the fuel single cell when the fuel single cell is working in defined operating temperature, humidity and back pressure conditions, and a discharge mode. Under different defined voltages, a signal sampling step of balance point capturing is used to measure the current varying situation of the fuel single cell. The signal sampling step of balance point capturing includes the following steps: capturing the current signal of the fuel single cell, determining whether the number of samples has reached a predefined sample setting value, determining whether the sampling time exceeds a predefined time value, and performing a step of accumulating the time value and setting value when the determined sampling time is more than the predefined time value.

Description

567332 V. Description of the invention (1) Detailed description: 1. Field of the invention: The present invention is a technology for testing the performance of a fuel cell, and in particular, it relates to a device and method for testing the current-voltage characteristics of a fuel cell. Description: The fuel cell (Fue 1 C e 1 1) is a kind of device that directly uses hydrogen-containing fuel and air to generate electricity through electrochemical reactions. Because fuel also has the advantages of low pollution, low efficiency, and high energy density, it has become the object of research and development and promotion in the two countries. Among various fuel cells, the operating temperature of PEMFC is relatively low, the start-up speed is fast, and the energy density of volume and recombustion is high, so it has the most industrial value. Bayeri Figure 1 shows the components of a typical fuel cell stack in a side view. The fuel cell stack is composed of a plurality of membrane electrode groups τ-2 (Membrane Electrode Assembles, MEA)-each membrane electrode assembly 2 includes a first catalyst layer, an ancient J:-bulk diffusion layer 3 And bipolar plate 4: set \ eight electrode group body 2 junction 100 sets and set to become-the fuel cell single-cell version of the bipolar plate materials mostly use carbon-carbon plate, or metal or: Infiltrated with polymer: ίο the group body composed of: 2: 2 = single fuel cell: pole deflector 5, step pole β _ and then, .... 5 The gas diffusion layer 3 and the anode plate 5 are arranged to constitute a fuel cell and a stack. The anode has lice milk channel 51 and hydrogen introduction pipe 52, which can be connected to 妾 567332. V. Description of the invention (2) to the hydrogen storage device to introduce hydrogen into the fuel cell. A plurality of gas channels 41 are formed on the surface of the bipolar plate 4, and a plurality of hydrogen channels 42 are formed on the bottom surface of the bipolar plate 4 to the right. A conductive contact area 410 is formed between each of the gas channels 41, and a convex conductive contact area 420 is also formed between each of the hydrogen channels 42 to contact the gas diffusion layer. = Batteries rely on + proton exchange to cut electrochemical reactions. Its performance is closely related to humidity, temperature, 嶋; ionization = k s, back pressure, etc. Furthermore, = Ϊ I ί: ί each: = J; The best conditions (such as electrode surface activity, electric cells need to be activated after the composition. To make μ ′ :, and to test each item of the fuel cell Characteristics (: If two pieces are selected = properties), these parameters must also be set in the characteristics of the controllable μ-electric special fuel cell. Set the appropriate test and sampling method, and focus on accurate signal acquisition and test results. ',: The current-voltage characteristics of this battery cell are still cited in the technology.' For fuel power, the present invention is summarized: It is an accurate summer test method. Therefore, the main purpose of the present invention is a performance test device [use 卩 test —Electrical characteristics under the conditions of battery cells. Battery early setting operation Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring voltage characteristics, which is the operating temperature of the current setting of the battery cell Humidity, back pressure conditions, ', / ,, "Pool cells work at, 卞, and discharge 567332 V. Description of the invention (3) Air source and hydrogen source are connected to the fuel cell unit, under different set voltages ^ The self-number sampling method is used to measure the current change of the fuel cell early battery. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell single cell characteristic measurement by using a signal sampling step obtained from the equilibrium point to make fuel When performing the current-voltage performance test of a battery cell, it can effectively solve the unstable condition of the signal transient state to the equilibrium state during signal acquisition, and can obtain the most accurate signal acquisition and test results. The purpose and its effects will be further explained by the following examples and attached drawings: Description of preferred embodiments: When carrying out the test operation of the present invention, the prepared fuel cell single cells and test devices must be Connection. Figure 2 shows the connection between the test device of the present invention and the fuel cell unit during the test. It is mainly that the air inlet of the fuel cell unit 10 is fed into the air source with an appropriate flow rate through the air line P1. The air source can be general air or oxygen source. The air source can be controlled and flowed by an air flow detection and control meter 71. The air flow detection and control meter 71 can be controlled by a control signal S1 sent from a control line of a control device 8, and the detected air flow signal S2 can be transmitted to the control device 8. As a signal calculation and as a basis for control. In addition, a heating and humidification control meter 7 2 can also be configured in the air line P1. The hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell unit 10 is passed through the hydrogen line P2 sends a hydrogen source with appropriate flow rate. The hydrogen source can be hydrogen or containing hydrogen.

567332 V. Description of the invention (4) style. The hydrogen source may be a flow rate dependent on a hydrogen flow rate. The hydrogen flow meter 73 is controlled and the control letter sent by the control line 8 is magic 1 ^ the control / meter 73 can be controlled by the control device Xi Qiaoming, Gu Dan γ ~ Day 丨 female 1 and S 3, and its detection The detected lice ^ 乜 .4 can also be transmitted to the control device 8 as

The calculation and basis of control. Then go to JU ^ ^ ^ ^, Dan who ’can also be equipped with a heating and humidification control meter 74 in the hydrogen pipeline P2. The fuel cell single-cell anode ^ r ^ β ^ pole and cathode are connected to the electronic load 75 via signal lines S5, S6. Therefore, the current signal of the fuel cell single-cell 10: via the signal secret, S6M Measurement. The voltage signal of the fuel cell unit 10 can be measured through the signal lines S7, 38. The electricity is also connected to the control setting 8 via signal lines S9 and S10, and the control device 8 can control the operation of the axuan electronic load 75 and receive various signals of the electronic load 75. … The fuel cell unit 10 is provided with a heating device 76 for heating the fuel cell unit to a proper operating temperature. The heating device 76 = the action can be controlled by the control device 8 via the signal line S1 1. The fuel cell unit 10 is also provided with a temperature detecting element 77 for detecting the interim operating temperature of the fuel cell unit 10 '. The detected temperature signal can be transmitted to the control device 8 through a signal line S12. Fuel cell unit 10 and air flow detection and control meter 71, hydrogen flow detection and control meter 7 3. Electronic load 7 5. Heating device 7 6. Temperature detection element 7 7 and control device 8 After the connection of the pipeline and the signal line shown, a predetermined hydrogen and air flow of stoichiometric ratio 1 · 5 (&) · 3 · 〇 (A 1 r) can be passed through the rat gas line P 2 and the air line P, respectively. 1 into the fuel cell unit 1 Q, no

Page 7 567332

C1 a t m) is TH = Tc + 10 when wetting. 』TEMP temperature UH, ΓΑ) Necessity #, TA = Tc + 5VC_ (Tc) Keep the fuel cell unit Tc is set to 50 at this stage. c, the discharge mode is constant, ^ 2V, when the voltage rises to 0.8 ~ 1.0V, the voltage is set to 0, 1 knife set 疋 τ electricity 1 " again 疋 0 · 5 V, time q ~ 8 small u density Up-trend period and observe current changes

", And then increase Tc to 80. c, the gas conditions reached the same as before, the voltage was set to 0.2V, time 0.5 hours; production of # 待 guan (3atm, gauge pressure 30psi), and observe the current changes After the pre-pressure has passed the previous steps and is stable after entering the battery cell test, the test conditions may be different during the test, for example: The phase of the thriller is based on the small N '/ I for gas vehicles -V test conditions are: Temperature · Tc = 80.c, TH = 90.C, TA = 85. C Flow: 1.5 (H2): 3. O (Air) Back pressure: pH = pA = 30psig increase Wet: water bottle bubble method (external wet)

Discharge ·· Constant voltage I-V test conditions for locomotive are: Temperature: Tc = 50. C, Th = 25. c, Ta = 50. c J ··· 15 (¾): 3.0 (Air) Back pressure: PH = 5psig, Pa without back pressure Humidification: H2dry, Air external humidification

Page 8 567332 V. Description of the invention (6) Discharge + constant voltage 〇 4〇vV ^. ^ M # ^ " D ^ 〇CV ^ 0 · 80V ^ < :, The time is short (1 ° second), °, ~ .40V area, the time type is transmitted with Γ and the current-voltage performance is' all manual operation of the square U. This consumes a lot of human time, its own performance Subject to changes in temperature and water content. If it is ηηΐ [: domain ^ long, performance will decrease due to membrane water content; ::: electricity = current pressure stays in high current region too long, performance 丄 water content = experiment: ;; and very unstable [so it can reduce manpower Consumption and% reproducibility of the knife M ^, the present invention has a test method for control, noisy snowman so far, and the voltage and current value of the electronic load and control Gas flow rate 'can be done as current_voltage' reverse :: reproducibility, enclosing, and admitting, A, observing its test (Life Test) with a number of hard tests several times, and can be controlled in Changguang In the end, functions such as single-point experimental values, etc. The fourth of the present invention: the real-time item on the screen can be used to signal the transient state of the signal when the signal is manipulated, and the result can be obtained. J dare to be precise The signal acquisition and test results show the flow chart of the method of automatic flushing and subtraction of 1 = 4 in the present invention. Set the three rows of flushing points on the Botu first, set the value, and then take the shot, first in step 1 n Taxi T 70 At the beginning of each set value in 〇1, for example, including every test, plus 4, 彳 s number acquisition cycle The sampling number of the standard deviation set value, time value, etc., in step 102 for the acquisition of current, voltage and other signals, and

567332 V. Description of the invention (7) In step 103, it is judged whether the sampling number has reached the preset sampling number setting value (for example, 10 points). If the number of signal samples has not been reached yet, return to the previous step 102 and continue to the next sampling operation. When it is judged that the sampling number of the signal has reached the preset sampling number setting value in step 〇3, the central processing unit 81 in the control device 8 performs the data calculation step to calculate the standard deviation of the captured signal ( Step 1 0 4). In step 105, it is judged whether the sampling process exceeds a preset time value, and if the set time has not been exceeded, a step of comparing the standard deviation of the sampling value with its set value is performed. When the standard deviation is less than or equal to the set value (step 106), the equilibrium point is captured (step 107). If the standard deviation of the sampling value is larger than the set value of a predetermined multiple (for example, 10 times) (step 108), return to step 101 and reset the initial setting of each set value. When the standard deviation of the sampling value is not greater than the set value of 10 times, the process returns to step 102 and continues to take signals. In the foregoing step 105, when it is judged that the sampling time has exceeded the preset time value, the step of accumulating the time value and the set value is performed, which first adds the time of the time value to 10 seconds (step 1 〇9), and the set value is equal to the original set value plus the original set value multiplied by 0.5 times (step 11 〇). Then in step 1 11 determine whether the set value exceeds 6 times the original set value. If not, go back to step 105 and judge whether it exceeds the set value. If yes, set the value in step 11 2 Set it to 6 times the original set value and return to step 105. After the above-mentioned balance point manipulation method, the performance of the fuel cell single cell can effectively solve the signal transient to flat state during signal acquisition.

Page 10 567332 V. Description of the invention (8) The unstable state during equilibrium, and the most accurate signal acquisition and test results can be obtained. In addition, according to the aforementioned current-voltage characteristic data, since the 〇2 (oxygen) reduction reaction is a rate determining step (Rate Determining Step), in order to obtain some reaction kinetic parameters (such as exchange current density, impedance, etc.), the current-voltage curve It can be analyzed by the following equation: E = E〇-bl〇g (I)-ir where E. -Er + blogl. ′ Γ is the Reversible Potential of the transport reaction, b is its Tafel slope, I. For its Exchange Current Density, R is the battery impedance ’It includes charge transfer impedance, Charge Transfer

Resistance (112 oxidation reaction), ohmic resistance (r〇, 〇hmic

Resistance, mainly from the electrolyte), mass transport resistance (Ι ^, Mass Transport Resistance, 〇2 reduction reaction); 4 oxidation overpotential (0verpotential) and% reduction reaction mass transfer limit (Mass Trans ρ 〇rt L imitati ο η) 〇

From the above description of the embodiment of the present invention, it can be known that: this invention is of value, and the invention is in the process of applying for a patent, but not before; category = patent or product disclosure first, so the invention has already met the requirements of the patent. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is merely a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Two technicians should be able to make improvements and changes according to the above embodiments of the present invention. However, these patents are defined in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. The spirit and invention of the month

567332 Brief description of the drawings (1) Brief description of the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a fuel cell stack when the components are disassembled; Figure 2 shows the connection between the test device of the present invention and a fuel cell unit during a test Schematic diagram; Figure 3 shows a flow chart of the automatic punching method for flat punching points according to the present invention. (2) Explanation of drawing number:

1 Fuel cell stack 10 Fuel cell unit 2 Membrane electrode assembly 201 First catalyst layer 202 Polymer proton exchange membrane 203 Second catalyst layer 3 Gas diffusion layer 4 Bipolar plate 41 Gas channel 410 Conductive contact area 411 Horizontal wall surface 412 Side wall surface 413 Side wall surface 42 Hydrogen channel 420 Conductive contact area 5 Anode deflector 51 Hydrogen channel Page 12 567332 Brief description of the diagram 52 Hydrogen introduction pipe 6 Cathode deflector 71 Air flow detection and control meter 72 Heating and Humidification control meter 73 Hydrogen flow detection and control meter 74 Heating and humidification control meter 75 Electronic load 76 Heating device 77 Temperature detection element 8 Control device P1 Air line P2 Hydrogen line S1 Control signal S2 Air flow signal S3 Control signal S4 Hydrogen flow signal S5, S6 signal S7, S8 signal line S9, S10 signal lines S11, S12 signal line

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Claims (1)

567332 VI. Application Patent Scope 1 · A performance test method for a fuel cell unit to test the current-voltage characteristics of a fuel cell unit under a set operating condition. The method includes the following steps: (a) the fuel cell The anode and cathode of the single cell are connected to an electronic load; (b) the fuel cell single cell is operated under the set operating temperature, humidity, back pressure conditions, and discharge mode; (c) an air source is passed through the air line and The air flow detection and control meter is connected to the fuel cell; (d) a hydrogen source is connected to the fuel cell through the hydrogen line and the hydrogen flow detection and control meter; (e) at different predetermined voltages Next, the signal sampling step of the equilibrium point measurement is used to measure the current change of the fuel cell. 2 · The performance test method for a fuel cell as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the supply of hydrogen and air is a predetermined hydrogen and air flow in a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5: 3.0, respectively, via hydrogen The pipeline and the air pipeline pass into the fuel cell unit. 3. The performance test method for a fuel cell as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the gas temperature (TH, TA) of the supplied hydrogen and air is higher than the operating temperature (Te) of the fuel cell —Preset temperature value to maintain proper wettability of the fuel cell unit. Page 14 567332 4 · If you apply for the fuel cell list in item 3 of the scope, try the method, and the gas temperature of the hydrogen is th = tc +1 and the gas temperature is TA =. Γ. Air and air • As described in item 4 of the scope of the patent application, # 7i ^ ^ ^^ Burning Kewei pond early battery, the test method, and the test method, in which the fuel cell single J. offender temperature measurement to 80 . C. The value of the first battery is set to constant | · As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, the performance test method of the battery early battery is described in which the discharge mode of the fuel cell single battery is discharged. mode. 7 · The performance test method for fuel cell cells described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the signal sampling steps of the equilibrium point acquisition in step e include: (e 1) the initial setting of each set value, including the test time The sampling number setting value, standard deviation setting value, and time value of each signal acquisition cycle; (e 2) Acquire the current signal of the fuel cell; (e3) Determine whether the sampling number has reached the preset sampling number Set value 'If the number of signal samples has not been reached for a predetermined number of times, follow Bin Bin to perform a 1 ^ ^ sample operation, if the preset number of samples has been reached' then " calculate the standard deviation of the acquired signals; b # (e 4) Determine whether the sampling exceeds the preset time value. Page 15 567332 6. When the scope of patent application is fixed, the comparison step between the standard deviation of the sampling value and its set value is performed. When the standard deviation is compared to the set value or less, the equilibrium point is taken. If the sampling is performed, When the standard deviation of the value is greater than the set value of the predetermined multiple, the process returns to step e1, and the initial setting and sampling of each set value are restarted. When the standard deviation of the sample value is not greater than the set value of the predetermined multiple, the system returns to Step e2, the acquisition of the ^ number is continued; (e 5) In the foregoing step e4, when it is judged that the sampling time has exceeded the preset time value, the time value and the set value are accumulated. 8 · The test method for the performance of a fuel cell as described in item 7 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step of accumulating the time value and the set value in step e 5 includes: (e 5 1) the time value (E52) Set the set value to the original set value plus the original set value multiplied by 0.5 times; (e 5 3) Determine whether the set value exceeds the original set value of 6 times, if not, go to step e4 The step of judging whether the set value is exceeded; if yes, return to the set value equal to 6 times the original set value, and return to 'e4. Destruction Township 9. The performance of a fuel cell battery The battery cell has an anode and a channel under set operating conditions. The test device includes: a test device 'for testing the current-voltage characteristics of a fuel, the Cathode, hydrogen channel, air passage Sixth, the scope of the patent application: air flow line is sent to the fuel-hydrogen flow line and the fuel-electronic load number line is connected to a control device to account for the hydrogen flow and the control number, and the control captures the electrons to balance The cell's rheological detection and battery detection and battery 'uses the fuel' as a fuel gas detection device through the volume detection gas flow device. The condition control meter is used to control the air passage of an empty single battery. The hydrogen channel of a hydrogen single cell; the anode of the single cell of the fuel cell and the 仏 line are connected to the air and the control meter, and the movement of the control amount detection and control meter is connected to the The generated signal is measured in the signal sampling step. The gas source passes the gas source through the load, the cathode; the flow loss the air, and the electrons are negatively set. The fuel is controlled by the air tube and the hydrogen tube. The flow detection receives its payload and is used to reference the fixed-voltage battery unit I 0 · The fuel cell unit test as described in item 9 of the scope of the patent application, It further includes a heating element, which is combined with the fuel cell to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell unit II. The fuel cell unit test device described in item 9 of the patent application scope, further includes a temperature sensor Element, combined with a battery cell 'to sense the operation of the fuel cell cell 1 2 · The fuel cell cell test device described in item 9 of the scope of patent application, wherein the hydrogen source is hydrogen or contains hydrogen Gas performance test battery performance test · The fuel electrical temperature. Performance test 567332 Page 18