566012 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 發明領域與背景 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明是關於射頻（RF)晶片，也稱爲射頻積體電路 (RFIC)，特別是關於導致具有高性能/成本比的射頻積體 電路之架構。更特別地，本發明是關於使用一在射頻積體 電路上的新穎接收機與發射機架構將RF轉換至基帶信號 或將基帶轉換至RF信號之方法。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 射頻積體電路在此技藝中是習知的，且廣泛用於無線 電信。有各種將RF轉換至基帶及將基帶轉換至RF信號 的方法可以使用射頻積體電路實施。最廣泛使用的二方法 是雙轉換與直接（或零IF)轉換。對於典型的雙轉換而言， 圖1顯示一具有一輸入RF信號20的RF接收機10，輸入 RF信號20是由一寬帶濾波器（未顯示）放大及濾波，然後 在第一 RF至IF轉換級24中降頻轉換至一中間頻率（IF) 信號22。IF信號22承受進一步的放大與窄帶濾波，然後 在第二降頻轉換器IF至BB正交（IQ)轉換級28中進一步 降頻轉換至一基帶（BB)信號26，之後，類比信號在雙類 比至數位轉換器30中數位化。沿著轉換級之IF頻率値與 濾波器設計成爲提供帶外信號的拒斥’特別是在影像頻率 帶的拒斥。雙轉換發射機基本上以反向的方式操作’即， 首先，一數位信號在基帶操作的雙數位至類比轉換器中轉 變爲類比，然後，信號正交升頻轉換至1F ’然後’在第 二轉換級中進一步升頻轉換至RF。雖然雙轉換提供性能 很高的接收機，但是它需要在射頻積體電路（特別是IF窄 頻濾波器）外部的昂貴元件’如此導致昂貴且複雜的總體 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公^ . 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 解決方案。 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在圖2的直接（零IF)轉換中未使用中間頻率帶，實際 上，一 RF接收機40接收RF信號42，且在一 RF至BB 正交轉換級44中將它直接降頻轉換至基帶信號46，之後 ，類比信號在雙類比至數位轉換器48中數位化。放大與 寬帶濾波（未顯示）是在降頻轉換以前於RF信號42上執行 ，而進一步的雙放大與窄帶濾波是在降頻轉換至基帶以後 及在數位化以前執行（未顯示）。直接轉換發射機基本上以 反向的方式操作，即，首先，一數位正交信號在一雙數位 至類比轉換器中轉變爲類比，然後信號直接正交升頻轉換 至RF。直接轉換的大優點在於無IF頻率，則接收機不必 考慮在影像頻率帶之信號的拒斥。此可以藉由較少的外部 件等，使接收機簡化。然而，它在射頻積體電路架構中實 施是有問題的。在一直接轉換接收機中，不需要的信號之 放大與拒斥是在轉換至基帶以後於輸入信號上執行。在典 型低成本射頻積體電路技術中設計高性能放大與拒斥時有 一固有的困難，即，處理內部產生之雜訊、不需要的DC 信號、雙基帶路徑之間的振幅與相匹配等的設計。 於是，廣泛認知需要-且係極有利的-有一種成本合 理之性能良好的射頻積體電路，即，高性能且具有成本效 益的射頻積體電路。 發明槪述 本發明揭示一種使用可在射頻積體電路實施之新穎的 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X29<7公釐） 566012 A7 _______B7__ 五、發明説明（3 ) 接收機與發射機架構將RF轉換至基帶信號或將基帶轉換 爲RF信號之方法。方法使用一個二級轉換序列：在接收 機中之RF至基帶而後基帶至中間頻率，及在發射機中之 相反的序列。 依據本發明，在第一實施例中提供一種用於將RF信 號有效轉換爲數位信號之方法，包括：接收RF信號，將 收到的RF信號降頻轉換至基帶頻率範圍以獲得基帶信號 ’將基帶信號升頻轉換至一低中間頻率範圍以獲得一低 IF信號，及將低IF信號轉換成爲數位信號。 依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中之一特性，收到的 RF信號之降頻轉換至基帶頻率範圍包含以一正交解調器 解調RF信號，且基帶信號之升頻轉換至低中間頻率範圍 .包含以一正交調諧器調諧RF信號。 依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中之另一特性，以一 正交解調器解調RF信號包含以雙平衡正交解調器解調RF 信號。 依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中之另一特性，正交 解調器是次諧波正交解調器。 依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中之另一特性，基帶 信號的調諧是由一影像拒斥正交調諧器執行。 依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中之另一特性，藉由 正交調諧器之基帶信號的調諧包含以一影像拒斥正交調諧 器調諧基帶信號。 依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中之另一特性，藉由 -一1 —— p 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) C· 、11 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 正交調諧器之基帶信號的調諧包含以一影像拒斥正交調諧 器調諧基帶信號。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 依據本發明，有一種用於將數位信號有效轉換成爲用 於RF發射的RF信號之方法，包括：產生一在低中間頻 率範圍內的數位信號，將數位信號轉換成爲類比信號，以 獲得低IF信號，將低IF信號降頻轉換至一基帶頻率範圍 ，以獲得一基帶信號，及將基帶信號升頻轉換至一用於 RF發射的RF信號。 依據本發明之用於將數位信號有效轉換成爲用於RF 發射的RF信號的方法之一特性，將低IF信號降頻轉換至 基帶頻率範圍包含使用正交解調器，且將基帶信號升頻轉 換至RF信號包含使用正交調諧器。 依據本發明之用於將數位信號有效轉換成爲用於RF 發射的RF信號的方法之另一特性，正交調諧器是雙平衡 正交調諧器。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 依據本發明之用於將數位信號有效轉換成爲用於RF 發射的RF信號的方法之另一特性，正交調諧器是次諧波 正交調諧器。 依據本發明，提供一種用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位 信號之系統，包括··一用於將類比RF信號轉換成爲基帶 信號的降頻轉換器、一連接至降頻轉換器且用於將基帶信 號轉換成爲低中間頻率信號-其進一步處理成爲數位信 號-的升頻轉換器。 依據本發明的用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之系 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 566012 A7 __B7 _ 五、發明説明（5 ) 統之一特性，降頻轉換器與升頻轉換器個別包含一降頻轉 換器正交解調器與一升頻轉換器正交調諧器。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 依據本發明的用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之系 統之另一特性，系統是在一射頻積體電路上實施。 依據本發明的用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之系 統之另一特性，射頻積體電路是使用自SiGe與RF CMOS 技術組成之群組選出的技術製造。 依據本發明的用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之系 統之另一特性，降頻轉換器正交解調器包含一雙平衡正交 解調器。 依據本發明的用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之系 統之另一特性，正交解調器是次諧波正交解調器。 依據本發明的用於將RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之系 統之另一特性，升頻轉換器正交調諧器包含一影像拒斥正 交調諧器。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 依據本發明，提供一種用於將數位信號轉換成爲RF is號之系統，包括：一用於將從數位信號獲得的低中間頻 率類比信號轉換成爲基帶信號的降頻轉換器，及一連接至 降頻轉換器且用於將低中間頻率信號轉換成爲RF信號的 升頻轉換器。 依據本發明的用於將數位信號轉換成爲]RF信號之系 統之一特性’降頻轉換器與升頻轉換器個別包含一降頻轉 換器正交解調器與一升頻轉換器正交調諧器。 依據本發明的用於將數位信號轉換成爲RF信號之系566012 A7 ____B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Field and background of the invention (please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The present invention relates to radio frequency (RF) chips, also known as radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC), especially Regarding the architecture leading to RF integrated circuits with high performance / cost ratio. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for converting RF to baseband signals or converting baseband to RF signals using a novel receiver and transmitter architecture on a radio frequency integrated circuit. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, RF integrated circuits are familiar in this technology and are widely used in wireless telecommunications. There are various methods for converting RF to baseband and baseband to RF signals that can be implemented using radio frequency integrated circuits. The two most widely used methods are double conversion and direct (or zero IF) conversion. For a typical double conversion, FIG. 1 shows an RF receiver 10 having an input RF signal 20. The input RF signal 20 is amplified and filtered by a wideband filter (not shown), and then converted at the first RF to IF The stage 24 down-converts to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal 22. The IF signal 22 undergoes further amplification and narrowband filtering, and then is further down-converted to a baseband (BB) signal 26 in a second down-converter IF to BB orthogonal (IQ) conversion stage 28. After that, the analog signal Digitization in the analog-to-digital converter 30. The IF frequencies and filters along the conversion stage are designed to provide rejection of out-of-band signals, especially rejection in the image frequency band. The double conversion transmitter basically operates in a reverse manner ', that is, first, a digital signal is converted to analog in a baseband-operated double digital-to-analog converter, and then the signal is up-converted orthogonally to 1F and then The second conversion stage is further up-converted to RF. Although the double conversion provides a high-performance receiver, it requires expensive components outside the RF integrated circuit (especially the IF narrowband filter). This results in an expensive and complex overall paper standard applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public ^. 566012 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (2) Solution. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)) The Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economics printed the direct (Figure 2) ( No intermediate frequency band is used in the zero-IF) conversion. In fact, an RF receiver 40 receives the RF signal 42 and down-converts it directly to the baseband signal 46 in an RF-to-BB orthogonal conversion stage 44. After that, the analogy The signal is digitized in a dual analog-to-digital converter 48. Amplification and wideband filtering (not shown) is performed on the RF signal 42 before down-conversion, and further double-amplification and narrow-band filtering is performed after down-conversion to baseband. And performed before digitization (not shown). Direct conversion transmitters basically operate in reverse, that is, first, a digital quadrature signal is converted into a double digital to analog conversion. The converter converts to analog, and then the signal is directly orthogonally upconverted to RF. The great advantage of direct conversion is that there is no IF frequency, so the receiver does not have to consider the rejection of the signal in the image frequency band. This can be achieved by less external Components, etc., to simplify the receiver. However, its implementation in the RF integrated circuit architecture is problematic. In a direct conversion receiver, the amplification and rejection of unwanted signals is after the conversion to baseband and the input signal. There is an inherent difficulty in designing high-performance amplification and rejection in typical low-cost RF integrated circuit technology, namely, processing internally generated noise, unwanted DC signals, and amplitude and phase between dual baseband paths The design of matching, etc. Therefore, there is a wide recognition of the need-and it is extremely advantageous-to have a cost-effective RF integrated circuit with good performance, that is, a high-performance and cost-effective RF integrated circuit. A novel paper size that can be implemented in RF integrated circuits is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X29 < 7 mm) 566012 A7 ______ _B7__ 5. Description of the invention (3) Receiver and transmitter architecture A method of converting RF to baseband signals or baseband to RF signals. The method uses a two-level conversion sequence: RF in the receiver to baseband and then baseband to middle Frequency, and the opposite sequence in the transmitter. According to the present invention, a method for efficiently converting an RF signal into a digital signal is provided in the first embodiment, which includes receiving an RF signal and reducing the received RF signal. Frequency conversion to a baseband frequency range to obtain a baseband signal 'Upconvert the baseband signal to a low intermediate frequency range to obtain a low IF signal, and convert the low IF signal into a digital signal. First embodiment of the method according to the present invention One of the characteristics is that the down-conversion of the received RF signal to the baseband frequency range includes demodulating the RF signal with a quadrature demodulator, and the up-conversion of the baseband signal converts to a low intermediate frequency range. Tunes the RF signal. According to another feature of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, demodulating the RF signal with an orthogonal demodulator includes demodulating the RF signal with a double-balanced orthogonal demodulator. According to another characteristic of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, the quadrature demodulator is a subharmonic quadrature demodulator. According to another characteristic of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, the tuning of the baseband signal is performed by an image rejection quadrature tuner. According to another characteristic of the first embodiment of the method of the present invention, tuning the baseband signal by the quadrature tuner includes tuning the baseband signal with an image rejection quadrature tuner. According to another characteristic of the first embodiment of the method according to the present invention, by-1 1-p this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) '(Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page for further details) C ·, 11 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperative, 566012 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (4) The tuning of the baseband signal of the quadrature tuner includes tuning with an image to reject the quadrature tuner Baseband signal. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) According to the present invention, there is a method for effectively converting a digital signal into an RF signal for RF transmission, including: generating a digital signal in a low intermediate frequency range , Convert the digital signal into an analog signal to obtain a low IF signal, down-convert the low-IF signal to a baseband frequency range to obtain a baseband signal, and up-convert the baseband signal to an RF signal for RF transmission . According to a characteristic of the method for efficiently converting a digital signal into an RF signal for RF transmission according to the present invention, down-converting a low-IF signal to a baseband frequency range includes using a quadrature demodulator and up-converting the baseband signal Converting to an RF signal involves using a quadrature tuner. According to another characteristic of the method of the present invention for efficiently converting a digital signal into an RF signal for RF transmission, the quadrature tuner is a double-balanced quadrature tuner. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs According to another feature of the method for efficiently converting digital signals into RF signals for RF transmission, the quadrature tuner is a subharmonic quadrature tuner. According to the present invention, a system for converting an RF signal into a digital signal is provided, including a down-converter for converting an analog RF signal into a baseband signal, a down-converter connected to the down-converter, and The signal is converted into a low intermediate frequency signal-which is further processed into a digital signal-up-converter. The paper standard for converting RF signals into digital signals according to the present invention is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 566012 A7 __B7 _ V. Description of the invention (5) The upconverter and upconverter each include a downconverter quadrature demodulator and an upconverter quadrature tuner. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) According to another feature of the system for converting RF signals into digital signals according to the present invention, the system is implemented on a radio frequency integrated circuit. According to another characteristic of the system for converting RF signals into digital signals according to the present invention, the RF integrated circuit is manufactured using a technology selected from the group consisting of SiGe and RF CMOS technology. According to another characteristic of the system for converting an RF signal into a digital signal according to the present invention, the down-converter quadrature demodulator includes a double-balanced quadrature demodulator. According to another characteristic of the system for converting an RF signal into a digital signal according to the present invention, the quadrature demodulator is a subharmonic quadrature demodulator. According to another characteristic of the system for converting an RF signal into a digital signal according to the present invention, the up-converter quadrature tuner includes an image-rejection orthogonal tuner. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in accordance with the present invention, a system for converting a digital signal into an RF is number is provided. The system includes: A down-converter and an up-converter connected to the down-converter and used to convert a low intermediate frequency signal into an RF signal. A characteristic of a system for converting a digital signal into an RF signal according to the present invention 'The down-converter and up-converter each include a down-converter quadrature demodulator and an up-converter orthogonal tuning Device. System for converting digital signal into RF signal according to the present invention
566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 統之另一特性，系統是在一射頻積體電路上實施。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 依據本發明的用於將數位信號轉換成爲RF信號之系 統之另一特性，射頻積體電路是使用自SiGe與RF CMOS 技術組成之群組選出的技術製造。 依據本發明，提供一種用於將輸入類比RF信號轉換 成爲數位信號之有效、省電接收機系統，包括：一產生進 一步處理成爲數位信號之低中間頻率信號的RF加IF段、 一連接至RF加IF段以處理數位信號之數位段、及偵測器 裝置，偵測器裝置係耦合，以將RF加IF段與數位段之間 的低中間頻率信號抽樣，因而偵測器裝置藉由使系統的數 位部分啓動與關閉而使待命（省電）模式操作生效。 依據用於將輸入類比RF信號轉換成爲數位信號之有 效、省電接收機系統之一特性，RF加IF段包含一用於將 類比RF信號轉換成爲基帶信號的降頻轉換器，及一連接 至降頻轉換器且用於將基帶信號轉換成爲低中間頻率信號 的升頻轉換器。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 依據本發明，提供一種用於接收及發射屬於RF低頻 率帶或RF高頻率帶的RF信號之系統，包括：一用於將 低頻率帶或高頻率帶RF信號轉換至基帶或中間頻率的接 收機，其中高帶RF信號的轉換是藉由標準降頻轉換而獲 得，且其中低帶RF信號的轉換是藉由首先將它們升頻轉 換成爲輸出的高帶RF信號，然後將輸出的高帶RF信號 降頻轉換而獲得；及一用於將基帶或中間頻率信號轉換成 爲用於RF發射的低帶或高帶RF信號之發射機，其中轉 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 566012 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ____B7五、發明説明（7 ) 換至高帶RF信號是藉由標準升頻轉換而執行，且其中轉 換至低帶RF信號是藉由首先將基帶或中間頻率信號升頻 轉換以獲得輸出的高帶RF信號，然後將高帶輸出RF信 號降頻轉換而獲得。 依據用於接收及發射屬於RF低頻率帶或RF高頻率 帶的RF信號之系統之一特性，藉由首先將低帶信號升頻 轉換成爲高帶接收信號而獲得之低帶信號的轉換是在一區 塊升頻轉換器中執行，且轉換至低帶發射信號是在一區塊 降頻轉換器中執行。 依據用於接收及發射屬於RF低頻率帶或RF高頻率 帶的RF信號之系統之另一特性，依據IEEE 802.1 1a、 IEEE802.1 1b與IEEE802.1 1g標準，高帶信號與低帶信號 個別是5GHz與2.4GHz信號。 圖式簡單說明 在此舉例並參考附圖說明本發明，其中： 圖1顯示RF至數位雙轉換過程的示意方塊圖； 圖2顯示RF至數位直接（零IF)轉換過程的示意方塊 圖； 圖3顯示依據本發明之RF至數位轉換過程的示意方 塊圖； 圖4顯示依據本發明之發射與接收方塊圖的較佳實施 例； 圖5示意顯不一影像拒斥正交調諧器； 4^-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) C· -訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 ) 圖6顯示一強化，其使待命操作生效； 圖7顯示支援雙帶操作之發射與接收系統的示意方塊 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖； 圖8顯示支援雙帶操作之修改的發射與接收系統的示 意方塊圖。 主要元件對照表 10 RF接收機 20 輸入RF信號 22 中間頻率（IF)信號 24 第一 rf至IF轉換級 26 基帶（BB)信號 28 第二降頻轉換器IF至BB正交（IQ)轉換級 30 雙類比至數位轉換器 40 RF接收機 42 RF信號 44 RF至BB正交轉換級 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 46 基帶信號 1〇〇 接收機 102 RF信號 104 基帶信號 106 第一 RF至BB轉換器級 108 IF信號 110 第二BB至IF轉換級 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -44- 566012 A7 _B7 五、發明説明（9 ) 112 類比至數位轉換器 200 收發機系統 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 202 發射（升頻轉換）鏈或路徑 202 發射機 204 接收（降頻轉換）鏈或路徑 204 接收機 206 RF增益控制放大器 208 正交（IQ)解調器 210a 基帶濾波器 210b 基帶濾波器 230 正交調諧器 232 IF增益控制放大器 234 IF濾波器 260 合成器 27 0 IF振盪器 300 影像拒斥正交調諧器 302 I影像拒斥混合器 304 Q影像拒斥混合器 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 308 輸出 330a 混合器 3 30b 混合器 340 90°移相器 500 偵測器裝置 502 IF信號 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -12- 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（10) 504 輸出 510 比較電路 512 信號 514 臨限値位準 520 RF+IF 段 530 數位與處理段 800 接收路徑（接收機） 802 降頻轉換器 804 區塊升頻轉換器 808 RF振盪器 810 振盪器 818 來源 820 選擇器/開關 822 輸入信號 850 發射機 852 升頻轉換器 854 區塊降頻轉換器 902 「除以2」電路 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 較佳實施例說明 本發明是關於射頻積體電路，特別是關於導致具有高 性能/成本比之射頻積體電路的架構或拓撲。更特別地’ 本發明是關於使用一在射頻積體電路上的新穎接收機與發 射機架構將RF轉換至基帶信號或將基帶轉換至RF信號 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 566012 ΑΊ ______ Β7_____ 五、發明説明（11 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 之方法。此處展示的拓撲結合直接（零IF)與低IF(接近零） 轉換方法的主要優點。基本觀念是首先將收到的信號降頻 轉換至基帶，然後將它升頻轉換至低IF頻率。步驟之此 序列繪示於圖3，其以方塊圖顯示拓撲的主要元件與它們 的用途。於是，圖3中，一接收機100接收RF信號102 ，其接著在第一 RF至BB轉換器級106中降頻轉換至基 帶信號104。此第一降頻轉換類似於圖2的直接（零IF)轉 換。然而，在一新穎的步驟中，基帶信號1 04接著在第二 BB至IF轉換級110中升頻轉換至低IF信號108。然後， 低IF頻率的信號108在類比至數位轉換器112中轉換至 數位信號。其他的處理-包含自低IF降頻轉換至基帶_ 是由一數位信號處理器（其典型上並非射頻積體電路的一 部分）在信號上執行。二級（RF至BB然後BB至IF的轉換） 不同於任何先前技藝接收機中的任何轉換序列。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖4更詳細顯示能夠在依據本發明的射頻積體電路中 實施之發射機系統較佳實施例的拓撲。收發機系統200包 含一發射（升頻轉換）鏈或路徑202(此後稱爲「發射機202 」）及一接收（降頻轉換）鏈或路徑204(此後稱爲「接收機 204」），二者皆包含二RF至BB與BB至IF轉換級之相 同的序列。因爲發射機元件基本上是接收機元件的鏡射， 所以我們詳細討論接收機，且了解此討論也及於發射機（ 然而，其基本上以與接收機相反的方式操作）。然而，對 於升頻轉換鏈與對於降頻轉換鏈的考慮與取捨是不同的， 且將它們分別分析如下。 ------- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -- 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（12) 接收機204包含一連接至正交（IQ)解調器208的RF 增益控制放大器206，其則連接至二BB濾波器210a與 210b。一 RF振盪器-典型上是合成器260 -提供所需要 的局部振盪器（LO)輸入至解調器208。元件206、208、 210a、b與260執行直接轉換，其中RF信號由RF放大器 206放大及寬帶濾波且由解調器208正交降頻轉換至基帶 。附近信號的拒斥是由二基帶濾波器210a與210b提供。 由於直接轉換方法，不考慮影像頻率問題。濾波器210a 、b連接至一正交調諧器230，其較佳爲影像拒斥正交調 諧器。調諧器230又經由IF增益控制放大器232連接至 IF濾波器234。一低IF振盪器270提供所需要的LO輸入 至調諧器230。通常，振盪器270也是合成器260的輸入 參考頻率來源。元件23 0、23 2、234與270執行雙基帶信 號至低IF的升頻轉換。調諧器230將基帶信號升頻轉換 ，且對於影像拒斥調諧器而言，它藉由拒斥在上述低IF 頻率（也稱爲「影像」頻率）2倍之餘留不需要的信號而補 充基帶濾波。一放大器232提供在低IF的信號可變放大 ，取代存在於圖2之直接轉換接收機中之有問題的雙基帶 放大（一放大器用於I路徑，另一放大器用於Q路徑）。它 的輸出由窄帶濾波器234進一步濾波。 雖然任何正交解調器可以使用在圖4的拓撲中，以維 持低LO與DC洩漏，但是大的調諧間拒斥與一很高的 IP2(第二階截斷點）値-接收鏈之較佳實施-包含一充當 解調器208的雙平衡正交解調器。特別地，解調器208較 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） -----------裝-- -' (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)566012 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (6) Another feature of the system is that the system is implemented on a radio frequency integrated circuit. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) According to another feature of the system for converting digital signals into RF signals according to the present invention, the RF integrated circuit is selected using a group consisting of SiGe and RF CMOS technology Technology manufacturing. According to the present invention, there is provided an effective, power-saving receiver system for converting an input analog RF signal into a digital signal, comprising: an RF plus IF segment generating a low intermediate frequency signal for further processing into a digital signal; and a connection to the RF The IF segment is added to process the digital segment of the digital signal, and the detector device is coupled to sample the low intermediate frequency signal between the RF plus IF segment and the digital segment, so the detector device The digital part of the system is turned on and off for the standby (power saving) mode operation to take effect. Based on a characteristic of an effective, power-saving receiver system for converting an input analog RF signal into a digital signal, the RF plus IF segment includes a down-converter for converting the analog RF signal into a baseband signal, and a connection to A down-converter and an up-converter for converting a baseband signal into a low intermediate frequency signal. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in accordance with the present invention, a system for receiving and transmitting RF signals belonging to the RF low frequency band or RF high frequency band is provided. RF signals are converted to baseband or intermediate frequency receivers, where high-band RF signals are converted by standard down-conversion, and low-band RF signals are converted by first up-converting them into high-output With an RF signal, and then obtained by down-converting the output high-band RF signal; and a transmitter for converting a baseband or intermediate frequency signal into a low-band or high-band RF signal for RF transmission, wherein the paper is converted The standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 566012 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ____B7 V. Description of the invention (7) Switching to high-band RF signals is performed by standard up-conversion conversion And the low-band RF signal is converted by first up-converting the baseband or intermediate frequency signal to obtain an output high-band RF signal, and then outputting the high-band RF signal Frequency conversion is obtained. According to a characteristic of a system for receiving and transmitting RF signals belonging to the RF low frequency band or the RF high frequency band, the conversion of the low band signal obtained by first upconverting the low band signal into the high band received signal is in A block up-converter is executed, and the conversion to the low-band transmit signal is performed in a block down-converter. According to another characteristic of a system for receiving and transmitting RF signals belonging to the RF low frequency band or the RF high frequency band, according to the IEEE 802.1 1a, IEEE 802.1 1b, and IEEE 802.1 1g standards, the high-band signal and the low-band signal are individually 5GHz and 2.4GHz signals. The drawings briefly illustrate the present invention here by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the RF to digital double conversion process; FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the RF to digital direct (zero IF) conversion process; 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an RF-to-digital conversion process according to the present invention; FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a block diagram of transmission and reception according to the present invention; FIG. 5 shows an image rejection orthogonal tuner; 4 ^ -(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) C · -The size of the paper used in the book is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 566012 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Figure 6 shows a Enhanced, which makes the standby operation effective; Figure 7 shows the schematic block of the transmitting and receiving system that supports dual-band operation (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page); Figure 8 shows the modified transmitting and receiving that supports dual-band operation Schematic block diagram of the receiving system. Main components comparison table 10 RF receiver 20 Input RF signal 22 Intermediate frequency (IF) signal 24 First rf to IF conversion stage 26 Baseband (BB) signal 28 Second down-converter IF to BB quadrature (IQ) conversion stage 30 Dual analog-to-digital converter 40 RF receiver 42 RF signal 44 RF to BB orthogonal conversion level Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Staff Consumer Cooperatives 46 Baseband signal 100 Receiver 102 RF signal 104 Baseband signal 106 First RF To BB converter level 108 IF signal 110 Second BB to IF conversion level This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -44- 566012 A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (9) 112 Analog to digital Converter 200 Transceiver System (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 202 Transmit (up-conversion) chain or path 202 Transmitter 204 Receive (down-conversion) chain or path 204 Receiver 206 RF gain control amplifier 208 Quadrature (IQ) demodulator 210a Baseband filter 210b Baseband filter 230 Quadrature tuner 232 IF gain control amplifier 234 IF filter 260 Synthesizer 27 0 IF oscillator 300 Image rejection quadrature Tuner 302 I image rejection mixer 304 Q image rejection mixer Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Employees Cooperatives 308 Output 330a Mixer 3 30b Mixer 340 90 ° Phaser 500 Detector Device 502 IF Signal Book Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -12- 566012 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (10) 504 output 510 comparison circuit 512 signal 514 threshold limit level 520 RF + IF segment 530 digital and Processing section 800 Receive path (receiver) 802 Down-converter 804 Block up-converter 808 RF oscillator 810 Oscillator 818 Source 820 Selector / switch 822 Input signal 850 Transmitter 852 Up-converter 854 Block down Frequency converter 902 "divide by 2" circuit (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The preferred embodiment printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs explains that the present invention relates to radio frequency integrated circuits, especially Architecture or topology that results in RF integrated circuits with high performance / cost ratio. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of a novel receiver and transmitter architecture on a radio frequency integrated circuit to convert RF to baseband signals or convert baseband to RF signals. This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210X 297 mm) 566012 ΑΊ ______ Β7 _____ V. Method of Invention (11) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page). The topology shown here combines the main advantages of a direct (zero IF) and low IF (near zero) conversion method. The basic idea is to first down-convert the received signal to baseband and then up-convert it to a low IF frequency. This sequence of steps is shown in Figure 3, which shows the main components of the topology and their uses in a block diagram. Thus, in FIG. 3, a receiver 100 receives an RF signal 102, which is then down-converted to a baseband signal 104 in a first RF-to-BB converter stage 106. This first down-conversion is similar to the direct (zero IF) conversion of FIG. 2. However, in a novel step, the baseband signal 104 is then up-converted to a low IF signal 108 in a second BB-to-IF conversion stage 110. Then, the low-IF frequency signal 108 is converted into a digital signal in the analog-to-digital converter 112. Other processing, including down-conversion from low IF to baseband, is performed on the signal by a digital signal processor (which is typically not part of the RF integrated circuit). The second stage (RF to BB and then BB to IF conversion) is different from any conversion sequence in any prior art receiver. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 4 shows in more detail the topology of a preferred embodiment of a transmitter system that can be implemented in a radio frequency integrated circuit according to the present invention. The transceiver system 200 includes a transmitting (upconversion) chain or path 202 (hereinafter referred to as "transmitter 202") and a receiving (downconversion) chain or path 204 (hereinafter referred to as "receiver 204"). Each of them contains the same sequence of two RF to BB and BB to IF conversion stages. Because the transmitter element is basically a mirroring of the receiver element, we discuss the receiver in detail and understand that this discussion is also relevant to the transmitter (however, it basically operates in the opposite manner to the receiver). However, the considerations and tradeoffs for the up-conversion conversion chain and the down-conversion conversion chain are different, and they are analyzed separately as follows. ------- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)-566012 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) The receiver 204 includes a connection to orthogonal (IQ) demodulation The RF gain control amplifier 206 of the amplifier 208 is connected to the two BB filters 210a and 210b. An RF oscillator-typically a synthesizer 260-provides the required local oscillator (LO) input to the demodulator 208. The components 206, 208, 210a, b, and 260 perform direct conversion, in which the RF signal is amplified and broadband filtered by the RF amplifier 206 and orthogonally down-converted by the demodulator 208 to baseband. The rejection of nearby signals is provided by two baseband filters 210a and 210b. Due to the direct conversion method, image frequency is not considered. The filters 210a, b are connected to a quadrature tuner 230, which is preferably an image rejection quadrature tuner. The tuner 230 is connected to the IF filter 234 via the IF gain control amplifier 232. A low IF oscillator 270 provides the required LO input to the tuner 230. Generally, the oscillator 270 is also the input reference frequency source of the synthesizer 260. Components 23 0, 23 2, 234, and 270 perform up-conversion of the double baseband signal to a low IF. The tuner 230 up-converts the baseband signal, and for the image rejection tuner, it supplements by rejecting unwanted signals at twice the low IF frequency (also referred to as the "image" frequency) mentioned above. Baseband filtering. An amplifier 232 provides variable amplification of the signal at low IF, replacing the problematic dual baseband amplification present in the direct conversion receiver of FIG. 2 (one amplifier for the I path and another amplifier for the Q path). Its output is further filtered by a narrow-band filter 234. Although any quadrature demodulator can be used in the topology of Figure 4 to maintain low LO and DC leakage, large rejection between tunings and a very high IP2 (second-order truncation point) Best Practice-Includes a double balanced quadrature demodulator that acts as a demodulator 208. In particular, the demodulator 208 applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm) than this paper size. ----------- install --- '(Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page)
、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（13) 佳爲次諧波雙平衡正交解調器，其中輸入L0頻率是輸出 RF頻率的一半。使用次諧波解調器之一主要優點是提供 固有的抗擾性，以對抗電壓控制的振盪器（VCO，未顯示） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 之牽引，其是合成器260的積分部分。也可以使用非次諧 波解調器，即，LO頻率等於RF輸出頻率的解調器，使合 成器在RF頻率的一半操作（以防止牽引），其後是倍頻器 〇 使用在圖4的拓撲中之影像拒斥正交調諧器230已被 選爲最佳的調諧器，因爲它提供干涉信號的額外拒斥，如 此免除了基帶濾波器2 1 0a、b的高選擇性之需求。然而， 此處說明的轉換方法原則上可以使用其他調諧器，如下述 。影像拒斥正交調諧器的構造是根據傳統正交調諧器，然 而，我們使用影像拒斥混合器，而非標準混合器。影像拒 斥正交調諧器的更詳細視圖顯示於圖5。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖5中，一影像拒斥正交調諧器300包含一接收I輸 入的I影像拒斥混合器302及一接收Q輸入的Q影像拒 斥混合器304，二拒斥混合器互相連接且經由一 90°移相 器連接至一 LO輸入。添加二影像拒斥混合器的輸出，以 產生結合的輸出308。影像拒斥混合器302具有一構造， 其中I輸入信號由二相同的混合器330a、b升頻轉換，混 合器330a、b由互相正交（90°相）的二L〇信號驅動。這 些混合器的輸出經由一 90°移相器340正交結合。Q影像 拒斥混合器304具有相同的構造。影像拒斥混合器在此技 藝中是眾人皆知的（見例如B.Razavi的「RF微電子學」， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（14) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 566012 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (13) The subharmonic double-balanced quadrature demodulator is preferred, where the input L0 frequency is half of the output RF frequency. One of the main advantages of using a sub-harmonic demodulator is to provide inherent immunity against voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO, not shown) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), which is The integration part of the synthesizer 260. A non-harmonic demodulator can also be used, that is, a demodulator with an LO frequency equal to the RF output frequency, so that the synthesizer operates at half the RF frequency (to prevent traction), followed by a frequency doubler. Used in Figure 4 The image rejection quadrature tuner 230 in the topology has been selected as the best tuner because it provides additional rejection of interference signals, thus eliminating the need for high selectivity of the baseband filters 2 10a, b. However, the conversion method described here can in principle use other tuners, as described below. The image rejection quadrature tuner is based on a traditional orthogonal tuner, however, we use an image rejection mixer instead of a standard mixer. A more detailed view of the image rejection quadrature tuner is shown in Figure 5. Printed in Figure 5 by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, an image rejection orthogonal tuner 300 includes an I image rejection mixer 302 that receives I input and a Q image rejection mixer 304 that receives Q input. Two rejection mixers are connected to each other and to a LO input via a 90 ° phase shifter. The output of the two image rejection mixer is added to produce a combined output 308. The image rejection mixer 302 has a structure in which the I input signal is up-converted by two identical mixers 330a, b, and the mixers 330a, b are driven by two Lo signals that are orthogonal (90 ° phase) to each other. The outputs of these mixers are orthogonally combined via a 90 ° phase shifter 340. The Q image rejection mixer 304 has the same structure. Image rejection mixers are well known in this art (see, for example, "RF Microelectronics" by B. Razavi, this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 566012 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (14) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
Prentice Hall，1998)。圖5之影像拒斥正交調諧器之一重 要且有利的特點是當它將I與Q信號升頻轉換至IF頻率 時，它拒斥遠離需要的信號之約爲IF頻率2倍的全部信 號。於是，它提供一種拒斥不需要的信號（其接近需要的 信號）之裝置，且使基帶濾波器的選擇性需求更容易。 關於射頻積體電路中的降頻轉換鏈之實施，所建議的 拓撲之優點包含： 在RF帶無影像，因爲降頻轉換基本上是直接轉換型 。如此，不需要影像拒斥濾波器充當降頻轉換過程的一部 分。 由正交解調器208與基帶濾波器210a、b(圖4)引發的 I/Q(增益/相）平衡需求類似於使用傳統直接轉換拓撲-在 側帶拒斥測試中典型上是35分貝-時所需要者。 影像拒斥正交調諧器之充當升頻轉換器使基帶濾波器 210a、b的選擇性需求更容易，如此可以簡化設計。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 爲了補償輸入信號的動態範圍，可變放大是由IF增 益控制放大器232提供於IF級。單一放大器（對比於完全 直接轉換拓撲所需要的二放大器）不涉及I與Q路徑之間 的匹配與追蹤。 在IF增益控制放大器232的高增益放大典型上是由 低增益放大器-其係交流耦合，所以它們能夠分別被偏壓 ，如此可以達成更高的動態範圍-的串級實施。此外，交 流耦合的放大器無DC偏置的問題（在直接轉換拓撲之I與 Q基帶路徑的放大器之重要問題。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 566012 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明（15 ) 低IF的典型値是10至40MHz。此値必須大於信號頻 寬，但是足夠低，俾使能夠由類比至數位轉換器抽樣。然 而，此頻率足夠高，以致於射頻積體電路的內部元件產生 之1/頻率相關的雜訊可以忽略。 低IF信號由具有謹慎匹配的參數之單一類比至數位 轉換成爲數位格式，而直接轉換拓撲需要二類比至數位。 最後，藉由此拓撲，我們需要單一、共用的LO來源 ，用於接收降頻轉換（自 RF至基帶）及用於發射升頻轉換（自基帶至RF)。此同 樣適用於將基帶轉換至低IF的LO，反之亦然。典型上， 用於低IF轉換的L〇來源也是用於RF轉換之RF振盪器（ 合成器）的參考頻率來源。此方案之一邊際效益是全部頻 率來源皆相鎖定至一共用的參考。 圖4顯示發射機（升頻轉換鏈）的細節。在發射機中， 使用數位至類比轉換器 將以數位表示的低IF信號轉換至類比形式。此處揭 示之發射機拓撲之一優點是它使用單一數位至類比轉換器 ，而非當輸入是雙（I與Q)基帶信號且拓撲是標準直接轉 換時所需要的雙數位至類比轉換器。利用單級升頻轉換將 低IF輸入信號轉換至高RF頻率產生一不需要的元件（以 2倍IF將來自不需要的元件之頻率關閉），其必須適當濾 波。此典型上是不實際的（由於IF的低値），所以需要其 他方法。在此處揭示的發射機拓撲中避免以上的問題，因 爲IF信號降頻轉換至正交基帶，且被濾波，以移除在抽 本紙張尺度適财麵家鮮（CNS ) A规格（210X297公釐)^ ~ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁}Prentice Hall, 1998). An important and advantageous feature of the image rejection quadrature tuner in Figure 5 is that when it upconverts I and Q signals to IF frequency, it rejects all signals that are away from the required signal and are about 2 times the IF frequency. . Thus, it provides a means to reject unwanted signals (which are close to the desired signals) and makes the selective requirements of the baseband filter easier. Regarding the implementation of the down-conversion chain in the RF integrated circuit, the advantages of the proposed topology include: No image in the RF band, because the down-conversion is basically a direct conversion type. As such, the image rejection filter is not required to be part of the down-conversion process. The I / Q (gain / phase) balance requirement caused by the quadrature demodulator 208 and the baseband filters 210a, b (Figure 4) is similar to using a traditional direct conversion topology-typically 35 dB in the sideband rejection test -When it's needed. The image rejection quadrature tuner acts as an up-converter to make the selective requirements of the baseband filters 210a, b easier, which can simplify the design. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs To compensate for the dynamic range of the input signal, variable amplification is provided by the IF gain control amplifier 232 at the IF level. A single amplifier (as opposed to the two amplifiers required for a full direct conversion topology) does not involve matching and tracking between the I and Q paths. The high-gain amplification of the IF gain control amplifier 232 is typically implemented by a low-gain amplifier-which is AC-coupled, so that they can be biased separately, which can achieve a higher dynamic range-cascade implementation. In addition, AC-coupled amplifiers do not have the problem of DC offset (an important issue for amplifiers with I and Q baseband paths in the direct conversion topology. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm)) Printed by the Property Cooperative Consumer Cooperative 566012 A7 _ B7 V. Description of Invention (15) The typical low IF is 10 to 40MHz. This must be greater than the signal bandwidth, but low enough so that it can be sampled by the analog to digital converter However, this frequency is high enough that the 1 / frequency-related noise generated by the internal components of the RF integrated circuit can be ignored. The low IF signal is converted from a single analog with carefully matched parameters to digital to digital format and directly The conversion topology requires two analog to digital. Finally, with this topology, we need a single, shared LO source for receiving down-conversion (from RF to baseband) and for transmitting up-conversion (from baseband to RF). The same applies to the LO that converts baseband to low IF, and vice versa. Typically, the source of L0 used for low IF conversion is also the RF oscillation for RF conversion (Synthesizer) reference frequency source. One of the marginal benefits of this solution is that all frequency sources are locked to a common reference. Figure 4 shows the details of the transmitter (upconverting chain). In the transmitter, the digital to An analog converter converts digitally expressed low IF signals into analog form. One of the advantages of the transmitter topology disclosed here is that it uses a single digital to analog converter instead of when the input is a dual (I and Q) baseband signal and The topology is a double digital-to-analog converter required for standard direct conversion. A single-stage up-conversion is used to convert a low IF input signal to a high RF frequency to generate an unwanted component (at twice the IF frequency from unwanted components Off), it must be properly filtered. This is typically impractical (due to the low IF), so other methods are needed. Avoid the above problems in the transmitter topology disclosed here because the IF signal is down-converted to positive Cross-baseband, and filtered to remove paper suitable for domestic use (CNS) A size (210X297 mm) ^ ~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page}
566012 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（16) 樣頻率之不需要的元件與它的諧波。降頻轉換是由一正交 解調器執行。濾波以後，基帶信號由一正交調諧器升頻轉 換。特別地’此可以是雙平衡正交調諧器，其使L〇洩漏 減至最小。類似於接收機，升頻轉換正交調諧器可以是次 諧波型’即，局部振盪器輸入信號頻率是輸出RF頻率的 一半。 總之’大體上，本發明的範疇包含使用用於發射與接 收鏈之雙平衡正交解調器、影像拒斥正交調諧器、標準正 交調諧器與正交解調器的任何組合。雖然已經說明發射機 與接收機元件二者的較佳實施例如上，但是大體上，發射 鏈可以使用雙平衡正交解調器，而接收鏈可以使用標準正 交調諧器或正交調諧器。 注意，此處說明的發射機、接收機與組合的發射機/ 接收機拓撲除了它們在射頻積體電路中的較佳實施方式以 外，也能夠由離散的元件實施。另外，且在本發明的範疇 內，可結合使用射頻積體電路與離散的元件。例如，接收 與發射鏈的段可以在使用SiGe或RF CMOS技術的射頻積 體電路上實施及連接至其他離散的元件。當在射頻積體電 路實施時，此處說明的發射機、接收機與組合的發射機/ 接收機拓撲特別適用於爲了用在無線區域網路（WLAN)系 統而設計的射頻積體電路。更特別地，使用所建議的拓撲 之射頻積體電路可以倂入根據IEEE標準 IEEE802.1 1 a(5- 6GHz)或 IEEE802.1 1b(2.4- 2.5GHz)或 IEEE802.1 1 g(2.4- 2.5GHz)的 WLAN 系統。 +9-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝-566012 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (16) Unwanted components of the same frequency and its harmonics. Down-conversion is performed by a quadrature demodulator. After filtering, the baseband signal is up-converted by a quadrature tuner. In particular, this may be a double balanced quadrature tuner, which minimizes LO leakage. Similar to the receiver, the up-conversion quadrature tuner may be of sub-harmonic type ', i.e. the frequency of the input signal of the local oscillator is half of the output RF frequency. In summary, the scope of the present invention encompasses the use of any combination of a dual-balanced quadrature demodulator, an image rejection quadrature tuner, a standard quadrature tuner, and a quadrature demodulator for the transmit and receive chains. Although the preferred embodiments of both the transmitter and receiver elements have been described above, in general, the transmit chain can use a double balanced quadrature demodulator, and the receive chain can use a standard quadrature tuner or quadrature tuner. Note that the transmitter, receiver, and combined transmitter / receiver topology described here can be implemented by discrete components in addition to their preferred implementations in a radio frequency integrated circuit. In addition, and within the scope of the present invention, a radio frequency integrated circuit can be used in combination with discrete components. For example, segments of the receive and transmit chains can be implemented on a radio frequency integrated circuit using SiGe or RF CMOS technology and connected to other discrete components. When implemented in RF integrated circuits, the transmitter, receiver, and combined transmitter / receiver topologies described here are particularly suitable for RF integrated circuits designed for use in wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. More specifically, the RF integrated circuit using the proposed topology can be incorporated in accordance with IEEE standards IEEE802.1 1 a (5- 6GHz) or IEEE802.1 1b (2.4- 2.5GHz) or IEEE802.1 1 g (2.4- 2.5GHz) WLAN system. + 9-- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)
、1T 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） 566012 A7 ___ B7 五、發明説明（17 ) 省電模式解決方案 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 任何接收機設計之一最重要的問題是電力消耗。大體 上，接收機拓撲可以分爲二段：一數位與處理段及一 ” RF + IF”段。在大多數方案中，即使未接收信號也消耗很 多直流電，因爲接收機的數位與處理段（其典型上是大的 電力消耗器）在任何時候皆啓動，「等待」進入的信號。 具有二上述段之任何接收機的操作及（特別地）在圖4、7 與8的各較佳實施例及它們的說明中實施之本發明的接收 機之操作可以藉由添加一簡單的「信號存在」偵測電路而 有利地強化，以改進電力消耗。此顯示於圖6，其中偵測 器裝置500 -其包含諸如一基於二極體的偵測器-的輸入 耦合至離開RF + IF段520的IF信號502，產生一與收到的 信號之強度成比例的輸出504。此輸出連接至一比較電路 51〇，其提供一用於引動數位與處理段530的信號512。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 對比於先前技藝的狀況，其中接收機的數位與處理段總是 「啓動」，而此電路使一系統-特別是此處說明的系統-能夠以待命（省電）模式操作，在此待命模式期間，只有接 收機的RF + IF段被引動，而數位與處理段關閉。比較電路 感測輸入信號的位準，且只當輸入信號超過臨限値位準 5 14時引動數位段。藉由改變臨限値位準，可以控制引動 數位處理段的接收信號強度。 雙帶架構 很多標準雙帶無線電收發機在二分離的頻率帶中操作 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） ^0- 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（18) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局8工消費合作社印製 ，且藉由使整個接收與發射路徑加倍而實施，以致於分別 處理每一帶。此之執行與收發機拓撲無關，例如，與它是 雙轉換或直接轉換無關。一例是多模式無線LAN，具有 一支援IEEE 802.1 1 a之約5GHz(Fhigh)的帶及另一支援 IEEE802.1 1 b 或 IEEE802.1 1g 之約 2.4GHz(Fi〇w)的帶。從實 施的觀點，目標是儘可能以更多的共通性支援二帶。此處 揭示的架構與拓撲可以有利地用於雙帶之目的，如使用圖 7所解釋者。圖7顯示一支援雙帶操作之發射與接收系統 的示意方塊圖。圖顯示一包含一連接至區塊升頻轉換器 804的降頻轉換器802之接收路徑（接收機）800，及一包含 一連接至區塊降頻轉換器854的升頻轉換器852之發射路 徑（發射機）850。當接收機800接收高帶信號FhighIN時， 接收機使用自RF(高帶）至基帶的降頻轉換，較佳爲藉由 上述方法，或選擇任何習知的方法，在降頻轉換器802中 執行。當接收機800接收低帶信號FuwIN時，首先使用區 塊升頻轉換器804(其將全部低帶升頻轉換至高帶）將信號 自低帶升頻轉換至高帶。已升頻轉換的信號路由通過一選 擇器/開關820而到達降頻轉換器802，自該處遵循高帶信 號的路徑。 在發射路徑中，程序是類似的：發射機850使用升頻 轉換器852，將從類比至數位轉換器（未顯示）收到的輸入 信號822升頻轉換至高帶輸出信號RF Fhigh〇UT。此升頻 轉換可以使用任何習知的標準技術執行。爲了獲得低帶輸 出RF信號Fuw〇UT，首先使用升頻轉換器852，將輸入 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X29?公釐） ^4 566012 A7 ___ B7 五、發明説明（19 ) 信號822升頻轉換至高帶，然後路由通過選擇器/該開關 8 22及使用區塊降頻轉換器854降頻轉換至低帶。 圖7中，高帶接收降頻轉換器與發射升頻轉換器使用 L〇當作RF振盪器808，及選擇性使用一額外的振盪器 810當作IF LO。典型上，IF振盪器也是用於RF振盪器 的頻率參考。區塊升頻轉換器804(用於接收低帶）與區塊 降頻轉換器854(用於發射低帶）使用一頻率爲Fhigh - Fuw 的來源8 1 8當作LO，其典型上鎖定於相同的頻率參考 810 ° 圖7的雙帶架構針對在一帶中操作的標準收發機而添 加二區塊轉換器（804與854)及一額外的振盪器來源818。 主要的新特點在於特定的架構（區塊轉換），且維持與單一 帶收發機之高共通性。此對比於使用獨立專屬的轉換器以 用於每一帶之其他先前技藝的方法。 圖8顯示一支援雙帶操作之修改的發射與接收系統之 示意方塊圖。此系統是上述系統的變化，且可以應用於低 帶的頻率約爲高帶的頻率之一半時（即，Flow約爲Fhigh之 一半，例如，各爲2.4GHz與5GHz)。在此種狀況，用於 區塊轉換器的振盪器（圖7的818)是不需要的且可以移除 ，而區塊轉換器所需要的L0頻率是藉由饋送Fhigh合成器 (圖7的808)輸出至「除以2」電路902而產生。 在此說明書中提到的所有出版物全部附於說明書中供 參考，有如每一個別的出版物被特別及個別指示附於此供 參考。此外，在此申請案中之任何參考的引証或識別不應 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 566012 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2Q ) 該視爲允許此參考當作本發明的先前技藝。 雖然已經針對有限數目的實施例而說明本發明，但是 可以了解，本發明可以有很多變化、修改與其他應用。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐）、 1T This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 566012 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of invention (17) Power saving mode solution (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Any receiving One of the most important issues in machine design is power consumption. In general, the receiver topology can be divided into two sections: a digital and processing section and an "RF + IF" section. In most scenarios, much DC power is consumed even if the signal is not received, because the receiver's digital and processing stages (which are typically large power consumers) are activated at all times, "waiting" for incoming signals. The operation of any receiver having two of the above paragraphs and, in particular, the operation of the receiver of the present invention implemented in the preferred embodiments of FIGS. 4, 7, and 8 and their descriptions can be achieved by adding a simple " The signal presence detection circuit is advantageously enhanced to improve power consumption. This is shown in FIG. 6, where the input of the detector device 500, which includes, for example, a diode-based detector, is coupled to the IF signal 502 leaving the RF + IF segment 520, producing an intensity equal to the received signal Proportional output 504. This output is connected to a comparison circuit 51, which provides a signal 512 for activating the digital and processing sections 530. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed a comparison with the state of the art, in which the digital and processing sections of the receiver are always "started", and this circuit enables a system-particularly the system described here-to be on standby ( Power saving) mode operation. During this standby mode, only the RF + IF segment of the receiver is activated, and the digital and processing segments are turned off. The comparison circuit senses the level of the input signal, and only activates the digital segment when the input signal exceeds the threshold level 5 14. By changing the threshold level, you can control the received signal strength of the digital processing stage. Dual-band architecture Many standard dual-band radio transceivers operate in two separate frequency bands. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) ^ 0- 566012 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (18) ( Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page.) Printed by the 8th Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and implemented by doubling the entire receiving and transmitting path, so that each band is processed separately. This is performed independent of the transceiver topology, for example, whether it is double conversion or direct conversion. One example is a multi-mode wireless LAN, which has a band of about 5 GHz (Fhigh) supporting IEEE 802.1 1 a and another band of about 2.4 GHz (Fiow) supporting IEEE 802.1 1 b or IEEE 802.1 1g. From an implementation point of view, the goal is to support the second zone with as much commonality as possible. The architecture and topology disclosed herein can be advantageously used for dual-band purposes, as explained using FIG. 7. Figure 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a transmitting and receiving system supporting dual-band operation. The figure shows a transmission path (receiver) 800 including a down-converter 802 connected to a block up-converter 804, and a transmission including an up-converter 852 connected to a block down-converter 854. Path (transmitter) 850. When the receiver 800 receives the high-band signal FhighIN, the receiver uses a down-conversion from RF (high-band) to baseband, preferably by the above method, or selecting any conventional method, in the down-converter 802 carried out. When the receiver 800 receives the low-band signal FuwIN, it first converts the signal from the low-band to the high-band using a block up-converter 804 (which converts all of the low-band to high-band). The up-converted signal is routed through a selector / switch 820 to the down-converter 802, where it follows the path of the high-band signal. In the transmission path, the procedure is similar: the transmitter 850 uses an up-converter 852 to up-convert the input signal 822 received from an analog-to-digital converter (not shown) to the high-band output signal RF FhighOUT. This up-conversion can be performed using any known standard technique. In order to obtain the low-band output RF signal Fuw〇UT, first use the up-converter 852, the input paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X29? Mm) ^ 4 566012 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the invention ( 19) Signal 822 is up-converted to high-band, and then routed through selector / the switch 8 22 and down-converted to low-band using block down-converter 854. In Figure 7, the high-band receive downconverter and transmit upconverter use L0 as the RF oscillator 808, and optionally an additional oscillator 810 as the IF LO. Typically, the IF oscillator is also the frequency reference for the RF oscillator. The block up-converter 804 (for receiving low-band) and the block down-converter 854 (for transmitting low-band) use a source with a frequency of Fhigh-Fuw 8 1 8 as the LO, which is typically locked at The same frequency is referenced at 810 °. The dual-band architecture of Figure 7 adds a two-block converter (804 and 854) and an additional oscillator source 818 for a standard transceiver operating in one band. The main new feature is the specific architecture (block conversion), while maintaining high commonality with a single-band transceiver. This is in contrast to the approach of using separate proprietary converters for other prior art of each band. Figure 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a modified transmitting and receiving system supporting dual-band operation. This system is a variation of the above-mentioned system and can be applied when the frequency in the low band is about one and a half times the frequency in the high band (that is, Flow is about half of Fhigh, for example, 2.4GHz and 5GHz each). In this case, the oscillator for the block converter (818 in Figure 7) is unnecessary and can be removed, and the L0 frequency required by the block converter is fed by the Fhigh synthesizer (Figure 7 808) is generated by a "divide by 2" circuit 902. All publications mentioned in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference, as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated here for reference. In addition, any reference or identification in this application should not be applied to the Chinese standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) of this paper size (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs's Consumer Cooperatives 566012 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (2Q) It is deemed that this reference is allowed as a prior art to the present invention. Although the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be understood that the invention may have many variations, modifications, and other applications. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)