561748 A7 B7 五、發明說明（I ) 【本發明之領域】 本發明係有關一種在非同步傳輸模式無線網路中所使 用I媒體存取控制方法之技術領域，尤指一種用於非同步 傳輸模式無線網路之可動態控制資訊框尺寸的媒體存取控 制方法。 【本發明之背景】 項 隨著電腦通訊技術之發展，提供在攜帶式多媒體電腦 之個人通訊服務的種類已日益繁多，因此，以無線方式來 接取現有之網路便成為一重要之課題，其中，非同步傳輸 模式無線網路（wireless ATM)由於可在大範圍之服務 速率及不同之服務品質（Q0S )要求下，提供多媒體整合 之服務，故已被視為下一代無線網路之主要架構，而網路 必須提供之服務包括固定位元速率（c〇nstant Bit561748 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (I) [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a technical field of an I medium access control method used in an asynchronous transmission mode wireless network, and particularly to an asynchronous transmission mode. Mode wireless network media access control method capable of dynamically controlling information frame size. [Background of the invention] With the development of computer communication technology, the types of personal communication services provided on portable multimedia computers have become increasingly diverse. Therefore, wirelessly accessing the existing network has become an important issue. Among them, the wireless transmission mode (wireless ATM) has been regarded as the main source of the next generation wireless network because it can provide multimedia integrated services under a wide range of service rates and different service quality (Q0S) requirements. Architecture, and the services that the network must provide include a fixed bit rate (c0nstant Bit
Rate，CBR)、可變位元速率（Variable Bit Rate，） 及可用位元速率（Available Bit Rate，ABR)等。且 為提供V B R及A B R交通之服務品質，必須分別考量例如 界限延遲（Bounded delay)及最小單胞率（Minimum Cell Rate ’ MCR)之為求’因此’對於此種非同步傳輸 模式無線網路之主要挑戰即在於如何設計出可達成多重存 取效率及服務品質保證之媒體存取控制協定。 現有的媒體存取_制主要分為分時多重存取 Division Multiple Access，TDMA)及劃碼多重存取 (Code-Division Multiple Access，CDMA )等兩 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297处） 561748 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（>) 類，其各有不同之特性，而TD Μ A可更進一步分為分頻雙 工（Frequency-Division-Duplex，FDD)及分時雙工 (Time-Division-Duplex，TDD )兩類，其中’在 FDD中，向上連結（uplink)及向下連結（Downlink) 之交通係由兩不同頻率之載波所攜帶，而在TDD中，則僅 使用一種共用之載波頻率。又，TDMA係以保留 (Reservation-based)、隨機存取（Random-access-based ) 及混合 （ Hybrid-based ) 三種模 式操作 ，其 中’保留存取顯係最適合於需要服務保證之交通（如 CBR/VBR)或是半服務保證（Semi-guaranteed)之交 通（如ABR)，而隨機存取則適用於保留交通之提供，此 種保留交通一般即稱為保留要求（Reservati〇n Request，RVR )交通。 通常媒體之頻寬係基於資訊框（Frame)而可共用， 在既有之非同步傳輸模式無線網路之媒體存取控制上，主 要係採固定之共用資訊框尺寸（Granularity)來提供服 務，此種共用資訊框尺寸之方式僅能確保傳統之c B R語音 交通的服務品質，如要在CBR/VBR/ABR交通中提供動 態頻寬之分配，則會導致在高CBR負載下之VBR延遲的 快速增加，而無法提供服務品質之保證◦因此，前述習知 之媒體存取控制方法時也予以改進之必要。 發明人爰因於此，本於積極發明之精神，虽思一種可 以解決上述問題之「用於非同步傳輸模式無線網路之可動 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNSM4規格⑽χ 297知_yRate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (Variable Bit Rate,) and Available Bit Rate (ABR). And in order to provide the service quality of VBR and ABR transportation, it is necessary to consider, for example, the Bounded delay and the Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) separately. Therefore, for this type of asynchronous transmission mode wireless network, The main challenge is how to design a media access control protocol that can achieve multiple access efficiency and quality of service guarantees. The existing media access system is mainly divided into two paper standards, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), which are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications. (210 χ 297) 561748 A7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (>), each of which has different characteristics, and TD M A can be further divided into Frequency Division Duplex (Frequency -Division-Duplex (FDD) and Time-Division-Duplex (TDD) two types, of which 'in FDD, the uplink (downlink) and downlink (downlink) traffic is composed of two different frequencies Carriers carry them, but in TDD, only one common carrier frequency is used. In addition, TDMA operates in three modes: Reservation-based, Random-access-based, and Hybrid-based. Among them, 'Reserved Access' is most suitable for traffic that requires service guarantee (such as CBR / VBR) or semi-guaranteed traffic (such as ABR), and random access is applicable to the provision of reserved traffic. Such reserved traffic is generally called a Reservation Request (RVR) )traffic. Generally, the media bandwidth is shared based on the frame. On the media access control of the existing asynchronous transmission mode wireless network, it mainly uses a fixed size of the shared frame to provide services. This method of sharing the information frame size can only ensure the service quality of traditional c BR voice traffic. If you want to provide dynamic bandwidth allocation in CBR / VBR / ABR traffic, it will cause VBR delay under high CBR load. It is increasing rapidly without providing a guarantee of service quality. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the conventional media access control method. Because of this, the inventor is based on the spirit of active invention, although he thinks of a kind of "movable for non-synchronous transmission mode wireless network" that can solve the above problem. The paper standard is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNSM4 specification ⑽χ 297 知 _y
•裝--------訂· (請先閲讀背面之注意事項寫本頁) 561748• Install -------- Order · (Please read the precautions on the back to write this page) 561748
態控制資訊框尺寸以確保服務品質的媒體存取控制方 法」’幾經研究實驗終至完成此項新穎進步之發明。 — — — — — — — —---11 · 11 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項寫本頁) 【本發明之概述】 本發明之目的係在提供一種用於非同步傳輸模式無線 網路之可動態控制資訊框尺寸以確保服務品質的媒體存取 控制方法’其可配合交通之波動而動態地更改資訊框尺 寸’而達成依需求配置頻寬及保持最大處理能量之效果。 i線. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 為達如述之目的，本發明之媒體存取控制方法係用於 非同步傳輸模式無線網路，以動態控制資訊框尺寸來確保 服務品質’該非同步傳輸模式無線網路係透過一序列之資 訊框傳送資訊，該方法包括：（A )以一類神經模糊網路 在第η個資訊框之保留頻寬結束時間預估^，其中，&代 表gn之預測値，gn表示在第η-1個資訊框之爭奪頻寬與第η 個資訊框之保留頻寬期間作用之RVR交通的標準化提供負 載；（B )以此預測之^求取第η個資訊框之可利用頻 寬’並求出第η個資訊框之爭奪頻寬，其中，該可利用頻 寬係定義為可由滿足最高q〇 S要求之最大資訊框的剩餘未 保留頻寬所配置之頻寬，該剩餘未保留頻寬係為最大資訊 框配置保留頻寬後所剩餘之頻寬，第n個資訊框之可利.用 頻寬係定義為在第η個資訊框之爭奪頻寬期間所配置的β寺 段數目，其可使得爭奪頻寬之穩態處理能量為最大；以 及’（C )在第η個資訊框之爭奪頻寬結束時，依實際頻 本紙張尺度iSffl巾關家標準(CNS)A4規格⑵G X 297公釐）The method of media access control to control the size of the information frame to ensure the quality of service "'After several research experiments, this novel and progressive invention was completed. — — — — — — — —-- 11 · 11 (Please read the notes on the back to write this page) [Overview of the invention] The purpose of the invention is to provide a wireless network for asynchronous transmission mode A media access control method that can dynamically control the size of the information frame to ensure the quality of service 'It can dynamically change the size of the information frame in response to traffic fluctuations' to achieve the effect of allocating bandwidth and maintaining maximum processing energy as required. i-line. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to achieve the stated purpose. The media access control method of the present invention is used in a wireless network in asynchronous transmission mode to dynamically control the size of the information frame to ensure service quality. The asynchronous transmission mode wireless network transmits information through a sequence of information frames. The method includes: (A) estimating the end time of the reserved bandwidth of the nth information frame with a type of neural fuzzy network ^, where & Represents the prediction of gn, gn indicates the load provided by the standardized RVR traffic during the contention bandwidth of the η-1 information frame and the reserved bandwidth of the η information frame; (B) Calculate based on this prediction ^ The available bandwidth of the n-th information frame 'and the contention bandwidth for the n-th information frame is obtained, where the available bandwidth is defined as the remaining unreserved frequency of the largest information frame that can meet the highest qOS requirements. The configured bandwidth. The remaining unreserved bandwidth is the maximum information frame. The remaining bandwidth after the reserved bandwidth is configured. The nth information frame is profitable. The bandwidth system is used to define the nth information frame. Contention period The number of β temples that are configured between them can maximize the steady-state processing energy for competing for bandwidth; and (C) At the end of the contention for the n-th information frame, the bandwidth is calculated according to the actual paper size iSffl (CNS) A4 size (G X 297 mm)
為使 及其目的 后： 貴審查委員能進一步瞭解本發明之結構、特徵 兹附以U及較佳具时施例之詳細說明如 【圖式簡單説明】 第1圖：係顯示使用本發明之方法的非同步傳輸模式無線 網路之通道的資訊框及時段結構。 第2圖：係顯示依據本發明之方法在爭奪頻寬配置上之動 態資訊框尺寸的控制流程。 第3圖··係顯示產生可利用頻寬之圖解。 第4圖·係顯$在爭奪週期結束時識別實際提供負載之 解。 【圖號説明】 (1 〇 )資訊框 （1 〇 1 )時段 (2 1 )類神經模糊交通預估網路 【較佳具體實施例之詳細説明】 本發明之媒體存取控制方法係用於以一基地台 (Base Station，BS )透過共用無線媒體來服務多個行 動端（Mobile Terminal，MT )之非同步傳輸模式無線 561748 A7 B7 五、發明說明（3 ) 網路架構，基於FDD之方式，該媒體之頻寬係分為向上連 結（Uplink)與向下連結（D〇wnlink)兩種不同之通 道，該向上連結通道係依據本發明之方法以由移動終端傳 迗資訊至基地台，該向下連結通道則係用以廣播資訊及回 應由該向上連結所進行之資訊傳送。又該向上連結通道之 時間係分為一連續序列之可變尺寸TDMA資訊框，其包含 有不同數目之多位元（例如5 3位元）A τ M時段。 項 第1圖顯示通道中之資訊框及時段的結構，如圖所 不，每一資訊框1 0係包括有以時段i 〇丨為單位之保留頻寬 (Reservation Bandwidth，RB )及爭奪頻寬 (Contention Bandwidth，CB )，本發明之方法係支 訂 援CBR、VBR、ABR及RVR等四類交通，其中 CBR/VBR/ABR交通係由使用保留頻寬之保留存取 (Reservation Access)所管控，而RVR交通係由使用 爭奪頻寬之爭奪存取（例如c〇ntr〇lled-AL〇HA隨機存 取）所控制。 前述資訊框之時段101則包含atM胞（atm cell)、守衛時間區（Guard Time)、同步（Sync)及 其他之控制欄位，其中，該ATM胞係用以攜帶使用者資 料或保留要求資料，而藉由守衛時間區之使用，而可無須 考慮基地台與移動終端間之傳輸延遲。 如第1圖所示，假設第η個資訊框可滿足最高Qos要求 之最大資訊框尺寸為Fmax⑻，例如Fmax(n) = 75時段，其 中之60個時段係配置為RB，以供cbr/Vbr/abr交通使 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（UvJbM4規格（2〗〇 x 297為爱） 五、發明說明（合） 用’而其餘之1 5個時段則稱為剩餘未保留頻寬 (Remaining unreserved bandwidth)，可供動態配 置作為CB之可利用頻寬（Favorabie Bandwidth， FB )，以供RVR交通使用。 第2圖顯示本發明之方法在爭奪頻寬配置上之動態資 訊框尺寸的控制流程，其説明在第η個資訊框之保留頻寬 結束時間tc時對第η個資訊框（Franie η )之爭奪頻寬 (CBn)的配置過程，圖中之gn表示在（CB^ 期間作用之RVR交通的標準化提供負載（n〇rmalized offered load) 〇 本發明之方法首先以一類神經模糊交通預估 (Nerual Fuzzy Traffic Predition，NFTP)網路21 於 弟η個資訊框之保留頻寬結束時間％時預估& (步驟 S 1 ) ’ ¥中代表g n之預測値’其係依據來自m個最近的 gk値（k==n-l〜n-m)之m個輸入値所產生，於第2圖所示 之範例中，m係為3。其次，以此預測之導出FBn，並進 而求出CBn (步驟S2)。而在第η個資訊框之爭奪期間之 結束時，則將依實際頻寬之使用情形而建立學習資料（步 驟S 3 )，俾以輸入該類神經模糊交通預估網路2丨以進行 一學習之過程，而使得類神經模糊交通預估網路2丨在下一 次預測時能有較佳之結果。 前述步騾S 1中所使用之類神經模糊交通預估網路2 1 係可由熟知此項技術者使用一般類神經模糊網路技術所實 現’而在步驟S2中，第η個資訊框之FB的尺寸（NF(n)) 561748 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（7 ) 係定義為在CBn期間所配置的時段數目，其可使得爭奪頻 f《穩態處理能量（s)為最大，因此，Nf⑷係為一概 算値，其產生之方式如第3圖所示，對於一給定之負載 έη，必然存在將該負載映射至系統的最大穩態處理能量的 單一頻寬配置（FB )，例如在圖中，配置丨丨個時段（可 利用頻寬）對預測之負載可產生最佳化之頻寬，而配置較 少數目（例如8 )及較多數目（例如9 )之時段，則會減損 處理能量。經決定可利用頻寬後，於該可利用頻寬及剩餘 未保留頻寬之較小者即為爭奪頻寬。 前述步驟S3係用以在爭奪週期結束時識別實際提供 之負載，據以訓練該類神經模糊交通預估網路2 1，其實施 之方式係如第4圖之範例所示，在C B n之爭奪週期結束 時，即可得到實際達成之通道處理能量Saet(n)，然後，提 供之負載gn可由在點Saet(n)對應配置於CBn之CB的穩態 處理能量函數（Steady-state throughput function) 的倒數（亦即，‘^或inh )趨近求出。於此範例中，CB 係由先前步驟決定之F B所指定（亦即C B = F B ) ，!及 gn，h可直接獲得。 由以上之説明可知，本發明之媒體存取控制方法係以 基於權重之策略來配置保留頻寬，並以基於類神經模糊交 通預估之技術而導出蘊含最大處理能量之可利用頻寬，而 由可利用頻寬及剩餘未保留頻寬之較小者為爭奪頻寬，因 此可配合交通之波動而動態地更改資訊框尺寸，故能達成 先 閲 讀 背 Sf 之 注 項 書裝 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297 561748 A7 -——______ B7 五、發明說明（3) 依需求配置頻寬（bandwidth-〇n-demand)及保持最大 處理能量之目的，而可確保服務之品質。 综上所陳，本發明無論就目的、手段及功效，在在均 顯示其迥異於習知技術之特徵，為非同步傳輸模式無線網 路之媒體存取控制之設計上的一大突破，懇請貴審查委 員明察，早曰賜准專利，俾嘉惠社會，實感德便。惟應注 意的是，上述諸多實施例僅係為了便於説明而舉例而已， 本發明所主張之權利範園自應以申請專利範園所述為準 而非僅限於上述實施例。 ’ IK------------裝—— (靖先閱讀背面之注意事項t寫本頁} --線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格(210 χ 297如釐）" —-----In order to make it and its purpose: Your reviewing committee can further understand the structure and characteristics of the present invention, and a detailed description of the embodiment is attached with U and the preferred embodiment, such as [Schematic Description] Figure 1: It shows the use of the present invention. Method of information frame and time period structure of wireless network channel in asynchronous transmission mode. Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the control flow of the dynamic information frame size for the bandwidth allocation according to the method of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the available bandwidth. Fig. 4 shows that the $ identifies the solution that actually provides the load at the end of the contention period. [Illustration of drawing number] (10) Information frame (100) Time period (21) Neuro-fuzzy traffic estimation network [Detailed description of preferred embodiments] The media access control method of the present invention is used for Using a base station (BS) to serve multiple mobile terminals (MTs) in a non-synchronous transmission mode wireless 561748 A7 B7 through shared wireless media V. Description of the invention (3) Network architecture, based on FDD The media bandwidth is divided into two different channels: Uplink and Downlink. The upward link channel transmits information from the mobile terminal to the base station according to the method of the present invention. The downward link channel is used for broadcasting information and responding to information transmission by the upward link. The time of the upward link channel is divided into a continuous sequence of variable-size TDMA information frames, which include different numbers of multiple bits (for example, 53 bits) A τ M periods. Figure 1 of the item shows the structure of the information frame and time period in the channel. As shown in the figure, each information frame 10 includes a reserved bandwidth (RB) and contention bandwidth in units of time period i 〇 丨. (Contention Bandwidth, CB). The method of the present invention supports the four types of traffic such as CBR, VBR, ABR, and RVR. The CBR / VBR / ABR traffic is controlled by Reservation Access using reserved bandwidth. , And the RVR traffic is controlled by contention-based access (for example, random access-AL0HA random access). The time period 101 of the aforementioned information frame includes atM cell, Guard Time, Sync and other control fields. Among them, the ATM cell line is used to carry user data or retain requested data. By using the guard time zone, there is no need to consider the transmission delay between the base station and the mobile terminal. As shown in Figure 1, suppose that the maximum information frame size that the nth information frame can meet the highest Qos requirements is Fmax⑻, for example, Fmax (n) = 75 periods, of which 60 periods are configured as RBs for cbr / Vbr / abr traffic makes this paper standard applicable to Chinese national standards (UvJbM4 specification (2〗 〇 × 297 is love) 5. Description of the invention (combined) Use 'and the remaining 15 time periods are called remaining unreserved bandwidth (Remaining unreserved bandwidth), which can be dynamically configured as the CB's available bandwidth (Favorabie Bandwidth, FB) for RVR traffic. Figure 2 shows the control flow of the method of the present invention for the size of the dynamic information frame for the bandwidth configuration. It illustrates the allocation process for the contention bandwidth (CBn) of the nth information frame (Franie η) at the end of the reserved bandwidth of the nth information frame tc. The gn in the figure represents the RVR functioning during (CB ^ Nomalized offered load of traffic. The method of the present invention first uses a type of neural fuzzy traffic prediction (NFTP) network 21 to reserve the end time of bandwidth in the n information boxes. Time estimation & (Step S 1) 'The prediction of gn in ¥ represents 値' is generated based on m inputs m from m recent gk 値 (k == nl ~ nm), as shown in Figure 2 In the example shown, m is 3. Secondly, FBn is derived from this prediction, and then CBn is obtained (step S2). At the end of the contention period of the n-th frame, the actual bandwidth Use the situation to build learning data (step S 3), and then input the neural fuzzy traffic prediction network 2 丨 for a learning process, so that the neural fuzzy traffic prediction network 2 丨 can A better result is obtained. The neural fuzzy traffic estimation network 2 1 used in the foregoing step S 1 can be implemented by a person skilled in the art using a general neural fuzzy network technology. And in step S 2, the n FB size of each information box (NF (n)) 561748 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (7) is defined as the number of time slots allocated during the CBn period. f "The steady-state processing energy (s) is the largest, so Nf⑷ system is general The calculation method is as shown in Figure 3. For a given load, there must be a single bandwidth configuration (FB) that maps the load to the maximum steady-state processing energy of the system. For example, in the figure, the configuration丨 丨 Periods (available bandwidth) can generate optimized bandwidth for the predicted load, and configuring a smaller number of periods (for example, 8) and a larger number of periods (for example, 9) will reduce processing energy. After the available bandwidth is determined, the smaller of the available bandwidth and the remaining unreserved bandwidth is competing for bandwidth. The foregoing step S3 is used to identify the actual load provided at the end of the contention period, and to train this type of neural fuzzy traffic estimation network 21. The implementation method is as shown in the example in FIG. At the end of the contention period, the channel processing energy Saet (n) that is actually achieved can be obtained. Then, the provided load gn can be determined by the Steady-state throughput function of the CB configured at the point Saet (n) corresponding to the CBn. ) (Ie, '^ or inh) is approached. In this example, CB is specified by F B (ie C B = F B) determined by the previous steps,! And gn, h can be obtained directly. As can be seen from the above description, the media access control method of the present invention uses a weight-based strategy to configure the reserved bandwidth, and uses a neural-like fuzzy traffic estimation technology to derive the available bandwidth that contains the maximum processing energy. The smaller of the available bandwidth and the remaining unreserved bandwidth is competing for bandwidth, so the size of the information frame can be dynamically changed in accordance with the fluctuations in traffic, so that it can be achieved by reading the note book with back Sf. China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 561748 A7 -----______ B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The purpose of configuring the bandwidth-on-demand and maintaining the maximum processing energy according to requirements, which can ensure The quality of service. In summary, the present invention, regardless of the purpose, means, and effect, shows its characteristics that are quite different from the conventional technology, and is a design of media access control for wireless networks in asynchronous transmission mode. The big breakthrough, I urge your reviewing committee to make a clear observation, and promised to grant the patent early, to benefit the society, and to have a sense of virtue. However, it should be noted that many of the above embodiments are just for convenience. Just for the sake of example, the right model claimed by the present invention should be based on the patent application model, not limited to the above embodiments. IK ------------ 装 —— ( Jing Xian read the notes on the back to write this page} --Line-Printed on the paper by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 as per cent) ---