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五、發明說明（） 發明領 本發明係關於藉由通道進行發送器與接收器之間的 通訊’特別是有關於電通訊（telecommunication)、紀錄 (recording)、資料餘存以及控制。 發明背景二 因為電子技術的進步，現在已經確定射頻訊號的傳輸 於整個廣泛的頻譜上，由次音頻（subaudi〇)頻率到微波頻 率進行頻率調變，理論上和實際上都是可行的，然而卻沒 有一個調變與解調變的技術能善加利用這個潛力。 發明目的及概述： 依據本發明，相關於一編碼字母的資訊字元之任何物 理形式的訊號，以類比形式的波形被傳輸到通訊頻道中， 此類比波形定義了 一符號，其中類比波形係在符號率之中 具有週期性。當接收器接收到訊號之後，將其轉換成由靜 默所隔開的脈波群，其中每一脈波群對應到一個脈波數 目，此數字係相關於編碼字母的字元。脈波群係由任竟週 期的靜默所隔離，並且其靜默週期大於單獨脈波之間的時 間間隔此脈波所具有的脈波率大於符號之頻率，此系統允 許窄頻訊號，但並不是必須的。 本發明是為基頻（baseband)調變及解調變的方法和系 統，其優點是並不需要由接收器對符號進行完全的特性化 或是抽取，所以可以利用簡單的偵測器或是解碼器。甚至 第4頁 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公t厂"""" ^ - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) 太 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 552784 A7 ________B7 五、發明說明（） 沒有將資訊壓縮在載波，或是由載波中恢復資訊的需要或 是概念。類似地，也不會有在中頻訊號進行的轉換與偵測 的概念。 本發明的應用不只在電磁傳輸及接收，也可以用在其 他任何形式的能量，不管是不是相干（coherent )的。 本發明配合以下列詳細敘述及其相關的圖式，將得以 更為明瞭。 圖式簡軍說明：_ 第1圖為依據本發明的通訊系統之方塊圖； 第2圖為代表符號之任意波形的示意圖； 第3圖為與第2圖所討論的部分波形相關連之脈波的一個 例子；以及 第4圖為依據本發明的通訊系統之接收器的簡單圖式。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再 --- 本頁) 線 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 消費 合 作 社 印 製 圖號蔚照說明 10 通訊系統 12 傳送器 16 輸出 18 類比輸出波形 20 頻道 22 接收器 26 決策元件 28 週期 34 訊號源 Z30 元件 Ζ〇32 元件 發明詳細說明 第頂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） 552784 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（） 參照第1圖’其所顯示的是依據本發明的通訊系統1 〇 之力月b方塊圖，系統10包含了傳送器12與接收器並 且-者是透過頻道20相輕合。傳送器12接收了資料流 14’並且經由輸出16與類比輸出波形"而傳送出去，其 係由一連串符號所行程的χ⑴所代表。頻道2〇係代表傳 送器12與接收器22之間對所傳送的訊號χ⑴所有損傷的 代表I包含的有例如雜訊等。由頻冑產出接收訊號 y(t)到接收器22，因此傳輸對應函數應該為下列所給定 者： y(t)=f(x(t)，t) ⑴ 依據本發明的接收器22,其產生的輸出係為一群脈波 的形式，或是以P(t)代表，並如往後所解說，其被施於決 策7C件26上。決策元件26將代表資料流14者進行恢復， 而產生資料流1 4 ’。以一例說明前述作法，其係藉由計算 每一群脈波中的脈波數目，並將其對應到系統字元集所建 立的字元中。 參考第2圖，其中顯示的係為一序列的符號1 8，此符 號1 8係一任意的類比波形，例如可以是正弦波、斜波、 録齒波、方波、不對稱波或是用以使頻道的優先特性最佳 化的形狀’或是任何此類符號的結合。每一符號被以資訊 加以編碼，例如以任何足以影響其形狀者，以及包括但不 限定於振幅、頻率、斜率及其任何組合。 符號1 8係被傳送器1 2所編碼，傳送器將字元集的每 一個資訊字元或是值的字母表，對應到至少一個符號或是 第6頁 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再 --- 本頁) 1¾· 丨線· 552784 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 —----—----_ — 五、發明說明（） 將要被施於頻遒2〇的所有符號的波形。此為最簡單的字 元與符號《間的一對一相關性，這個最簡單的字元集是二 位兀集”壹，，及，，零，，或是，，真，，及，，假，，，但是對於字元集中的 +元數目並’又有限定，而不是受每個符號的位元數目之自 然法則所做的實際限定。字元集中的字元越多，對一給定 能量位階的雜訊之強健度越低。典型地，關於所抽取的脈 波串’符號率相對地是比較慢的。 參考第3圖，其顯示了依據本發明的脈波p(t)中的群 24之代表，每一個符號對應到脈波24中之單一的群。因 此對於編碼的目的而言，脈波產生率必須大於符號產生 率，並且脈波群之間的靜默週期必須大於所期望的脈波產 生率。靜默週期加上脈波串週期係對應到符號的週期28 , 然而靜默的週期係為任意的長度，並且其大於單獨脈波之 間的時間間隔。因此每一個脈波集可以在符號的一個週期 中之任何時間開始或結束，假設解碼是在即時進行的。每 一個脈波群中的脈波數目可以被對應到符號所代表的資 訊罕疋，而此符號是脈波串所對應到的。波形丨8可能具 有很多不同的對應到特定的脈波數目，此經由編碼冗餘提 供了進一步的強健度。 參考第4圖，其顯示的是接收器22的基本電路，其 包含了兩個元件Z30和ZD32，訊號源34代表接收到的訊 號y(t) ’在此處其係以電壓vs代表，而輸出是P(t)。訊號 源34將波形施於第一廣義正規化阻抗元件z3〇，其反過來 將輸出施於第二廣義正規化阻抗元件z 〇32，而第一廣義 第7頁 本紙張尺度適用中國國家鮮（CNS)A4規格（21〇 x 297公餐^-*------* (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再 ^ i — 本頁) T—訂· *線· 552784 ’ A7 _ _ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（） 正規化阻抗元件Z30以及第二廣義正規化阻抗元件z d32 的結合，其輸出即為P(t)。此以電壓或是以電流所表示的 廣義方程式係為： VD = Vs-Z J IDdt (2) a (dlo/dt)25 Vd -^(Id) (3) 或是 Z(dID/dt)= Vs - VD (4) ε (dVD /dt)= Id -T(VD) (5) 方程式4與5是方程式2與 3的對偶 是依據選擇正確的函數Ψ(·)，而做電流或是電壓到脈波串 之波形的直接轉換。其中函數ψ(·)是阻抗元件ZD的轉換 特性曲線，而是一個小的混亂參數。 本發明既已依據所參考的特定實施例而加以詳細解 釋，所以其他實施例對於熟知該項技術者，將是顯而易見 的。因此本發明不應當只侷限在下列申請專利範圍中所指 出者。 第8頁 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再 頁) *|丨訂： •線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公餐）V. Explanation of the invention () The invention relates to the communication between a transmitter and a receiver through a channel ', and particularly to telecommunication, recording, data retention, and control. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Because of the advancement of electronic technology, it has now been determined that the transmission of radio frequency signals across the entire broad spectrum, and frequency modulation from sub-audio frequency to microwave frequency is theoretically and practically feasible, however But no modulation and demodulation technology can make full use of this potential. Purpose and summary of the invention: According to the present invention, any physical form of a signal related to an information character of a coded letter is transmitted to a communication channel in an analog form. This analog waveform defines a symbol, where the analog waveform is The symbol rate has periodicity. When the receiver receives the signal, it converts it into pulse wave groups separated by silence, where each pulse wave group corresponds to a pulse wave number, which is related to the coded characters. The pulse wave group is isolated by the silence of any period, and its silence period is greater than the time interval between individual pulses. This pulse wave has a pulse rate greater than the frequency of the symbol. This system allows narrow frequency signals, but it is not necessary. The invention is a method and system for baseband modulation and demodulation. The advantage is that the receiver does not need to completely characterize or extract the symbols, so a simple detector or decoder. Even page 4 of this paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 x 297 mills " " " " ^-(Please read the precautions on the back before this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau ’s consumer cooperative prints clothes 552784 A7 ________B7 V. Description of the invention () There is no need or concept to compress the information on the carrier, or recover the information from the carrier. Similarly, there will be no conversion in the IF signal And the concept of detection. The application of the present invention is not only in electromagnetic transmission and reception, but can also be used in any other form of energy, whether coherent or not. The present invention cooperates with the following detailed description and related drawings, It will be more clear. Brief description of the figure: _ Figure 1 is a block diagram of a communication system according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of arbitrary waveforms representing symbols; Figure 3 is a discussion with Figure 2 An example of pulses related to some waveforms; and Figure 4 is a simple diagram of the receiver of a communication system according to the present invention. (Please read the precautions on the back before this page ---) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the drawing number is according to the description. 10 Communication system 12 Transmitter 16 Output 18 Analog output waveform 20 Channel 22 Receiver 26 Decision element 28 Cycle 34 Signal source Z30 element Z032 Element invention detailed description Top This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) 552784 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention () Refer to Figure 1 ', which is based on this The block diagram of the invention of the communication system 10 Power B. The system 10 includes a transmitter 12 and a receiver which are connected via channel 20. The transmitter 12 receives the data stream 14 'and outputs 16 and analog output via The waveform " is transmitted, which is represented by a series of symbols χ⑴. Channel 20 represents the transmitted signal χ⑴ between the transmitter 12 and the receiver 22. All damaged representatives I include, for example, noise. Etc. The received signal y (t) is output from the frequency chirp to the receiver 22, so the corresponding function of the transmission should be given by: y (t) = f (x (t) t) 接收 According to the receiver 22 of the present invention, the output produced is in the form of a group of pulse waves, or is represented by P (t), and as explained later, it is applied to decision 7C 26. Decision The component 26 will recover the data stream 14 to generate a data stream 1 4 '. The foregoing method will be described by taking an example, which is to count the number of pulse waves in each group of pulse waves and map them to the system character set. Refer to Figure 2, which shows a sequence of symbols 18, which is an arbitrary analog waveform, for example, it can be a sine wave, a ramp wave, a recording tooth wave, a square wave, An asymmetric wave is either a shape used to optimize the priority characteristics of a channel 'or a combination of any such symbols. Each symbol is encoded with information, such as anything that affects its shape, and includes, but is not limited to, amplitude, frequency, slope, and any combination thereof. The symbols 1 to 8 are encoded by the transmitter 12. The transmitter maps each information character or value alphabet of the character set to at least one symbol or page 6. This paper standard applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS ) A4 size (210 χ 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back first --- this page) 1 ¾ · 丨 line · 552784 A7 Printing of clothing by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperatives ---------- ---_ — V. Description of the invention () The waveforms of all symbols to be applied to the frequency 遒 20. This is the simplest one-to-one correlation between the characters and the symbol "The simplest set of characters is the two-digit set" one, and, zero, or ,, true, and ,, False ,, but there is a limit on the number of + elements in the character set, not the actual limit imposed by the natural law of the number of bits per symbol. The more characters in the character set, the more The lower the robustness of the noise at a fixed energy level. Typically, the symbol rate of the extracted pulse wave string is relatively slow. Referring to FIG. 3, which shows the pulse wave p (t) according to the present invention. The group 24 in represents that each symbol corresponds to a single group in the pulse wave 24. Therefore, for coding purposes, the pulse wave generation rate must be greater than the symbol generation rate, and the quiet period between the pulse wave groups must be greater than The desired pulse wave generation rate. The period of silence plus the period of the pulse train corresponds to the period of the symbol 28, but the period of silence is of arbitrary length and is greater than the time interval between individual pulses. Therefore, each pulse The wave set can be in one cycle of the symbol Start or end at any time, assuming that the decoding is performed in real time. The number of pulse waves in each pulse group can be corresponding to the information represented by the symbol, and this symbol corresponds to the pulse wave string. Waveform 丨8 may have many different numbers corresponding to specific pulses, which provides further robustness via coded redundancy. Referring to Figure 4, it shows the basic circuit of the receiver 22, which contains two elements Z30 and ZD32, the signal source 34 represents the received signal y (t) 'here it is represented by the voltage vs, and the output is P (t). The signal source 34 applies the waveform to the first generalized normalized impedance element z3〇, It in turn applies the output to the second generalized normalized impedance element z 〇32, and the paper size of the first generalized page 7 applies the Chinese National Fresh (CNS) A4 specification (21〇x 297 public meals ^-* --- --- * (Please read the notes on the back before ^ i — this page) T—Order · * Thread · 552784 ′ A7 _ _ B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Impedance element Z30 and second generalized normalized impedance element zd The combination of 32 and its output is P (t). The generalized equation system represented by voltage or current is: VD = Vs-Z J IDdt (2) a (dlo / dt) 25 Vd-^ (Id ) (3) or Z (dID / dt) = Vs-VD (4) ε (dVD / dt) = Id -T (VD) (5) Equations 4 and 5 are the duality of equations 2 and 3 based on the correct choice The function Ψ (·) is used to directly convert the current or voltage to the waveform of the pulse train. The function ψ (·) is the conversion characteristic curve of the impedance element ZD, but a small confusion parameter. The detailed explanation is based on the specific embodiment referred to, so other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to those indicated in the scope of patent application below. Page 8 < Please read the notes on the back before page) * | 丨 Order: • Thread This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 meals)