TW533651B - Multipolar magnet type generator for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotating electrical machine such as an electrical generator that can be utilized to provide high efficiencies and high outputs in connection with a compact construction. This achieved by having a plurality of spaced permanent magnets of opposite polarity that cooperate with armature coils. The armature coils are wound around core teeth formed from an electromagnetic steel plate having a thickness in the range of 0.25-0.65 mm. The permanent magnets are disposed in circumferentially spaced orientation relative to the axis of relative rotation at a magnet electrical angle theta that is in the range of 120 DEG to 140 DEG.

Description

Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, Printed Agriculture 533651 A7

------ SI V. Description of the invention (1) Relevant cases are referred and this application is referred to. This application is entitled "Single-phase multi-pole magnet type generator for transportation vehicles", serial number 09/742751, 2000 Part of the continuation application filed on December 20 and transferred to the dual persons. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a multi-pole magnetic type machine, such as a generator of an internal combustion engine. In particular, it relates to an improved, lightweight, high-output and efficient generator. Many types of engines are related to rotating electric machines. For example, the engine can drive a generator that generates electricity while providing power to the engine operation and related accessories of the transportation equipment. Generally, these types of generators use relative rotating permanent magnets and coil windings around the armature. This relative rotation induces a current in the windings, which is taken out and rectified because of its AC characteristics, which is used to provide power to the DC components of the engine and / or vehicle. Generally, the permanent magnet rotates and the armature is fixed around the tissue component, although other types of relationships are possible. Combined with this type of device and according to modern implementation, the demand for generators continues to increase. Therefore, to provide greater power output, it is necessary to increase the size of the generator and therefore this results in the need for greater power from the engine to drive the generator. In many engine applications that use this generation system, the engine is also driven-rather light transportation vehicles such as personal seaplanes, motorcycles, and so on. Therefore, increasing the size of the generator is unacceptable. In addition, if the size and quality of the generator are increased, the output of the engine that supplies it must be increased. Will this result?丨 Engine's ❹ and -4- This paper size is applicable to "^ guanjia standard (CNS) A4 specification (2iq χ tear public hair y ----------- install -------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 533651 A7 Printed Invention Note by Employee Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The Zanji machine 4 consumes power and decreases to an unsatisfactory level. Therefore, the _Gu Zhiwang objective of the present invention provides an improved and lightweight structure of this type of rotating electrical machine. Another 0 η plant of the present invention One U purpose is to provide an improved generator with a lightweight structure, high efficiency, and high power output. Β Therefore, the coil windings and especially the armature are made of cold rolled steel sheet. _Acid-free hot-rolled coil forming—thin dry steel sheet to manufacture the cold-rolled steel sheet. This step is followed by tempering and skin crossing. The material is classified into three grades according to the degree of processability, and is identified as SPCC according to JIS standards, SPCD and SPCE. SPCC steel plate is used for _Bangawang, widely used in low-level machining parts, and also Low price. In conventional generators, a 1.00 mm SPCC steel plate is used for the armature coils. The present inventors have found that the output of the generator and its size make the best use of the thickness of the laminated armature coils. A thinner magnetic steel plate reduces wear and increases efficiency, but a smaller thickness will result in the ratio of the overall cross-sectional area of the iron flat plate to the stator core junction area (space element). Therefore, according to the present invention, the present invention The best thickness has been decided in order to achieve the maximum power output. In combination with the use of the best thickness, another factor is important in achieving maximum efficiency and effectiveness. We also found that the output angle of the generator and the magnetization angle of one of the poles of the permanent magnet There is a special relationship, as will be defined later. It has been found that the efficiency of the generator will be significantly affected by this factor, because of the unpleasant factors of the generator ^ -------- Order ------ (Please First read the phonetic on the back? Matters and then fill out this page) Cords · This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (2J0 X 297 mm 533651 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) Sectional view .: A schematic view of the direction W «2 and showing the relationship between the plaque and the long-lasting magnet. Figure 3 shows the thickness t (mm) of the steel plate of the armature core and the stator core (0 index). (%) Graph. Figure 4 is a graphical view showing the relationship between the thickness t (mm) of the steel plate of the armature core and the resulting efficiency (η) index (%) of the generator. Figure 5 shows the thickness t (a) of the steel plate of the armature core. Millimeter) and the space factor efficiency (αη) index (%) graphical view. Figure 6 is a graphical view showing the relationship between the permanent magnet magnetic pole mechanical angle, the magnetoelectric angle and the electrical energy between the magnets and the output harmonic changes. % Figure 7 is a graphical view showing the actual change in mechanical efficiency according to the magnetoelectric angle. Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention First, please refer to the drawings of the drawings! And Fig. 2, reference numeral " denotes a rotary electric machine constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the example illustrated in this illustration, machine 11 is composed of a certain sub-group (indicated by reference number i 2) and a sub-group (indicated by reference number 13). In the illustrated example, the machine 11 is a generator, but it should be understood that the present invention is used in other types of rotating electrical machines and those in which the permanent magnet is carried by a wire and / or a stator. The order motor 11 is particularly suitable for being used in combination with an internal combustion engine, and if used as a generator, it supplies an electric output from an engine output shaft (revolved with the reference number i 4). The number 14 can be regarded as a small exhaust volume only Engine crankshaft, which extends through a part of the engine body and uses this method to customize the paper size. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 533651 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs System A7 V. Description of the invention (5 The machine 11 is fixed 'will now be explained. The rotor 13 is composed of a hub portion i 5 which has a gap to one end of the receiver shaft 14. There is a wrench in the shaft 14. The channel "is formed and the channel receives a wrench 17 having a rack connected to the internal hole i 8 of the hub 15 to provide a non-rotating drive relationship between them. A nut 20, threaded in This combination is fixed on the threaded ends of the shaft 丨 4. With a plurality of circumferentially spaced nails 丨 9, the hub portion j 5 is fixed to a flywheel bearing ring assembly 21. This ring group 21 is formed with a plurality of circumferentially spaced magnets 22 including 6 oppositely arranged magnetic poles alternately to provide a total of 12 poles. The magnets 22 are fixed in a flywheel bearing ring assembly 2 in a spaced relationship by a spacer ring ^ The inner wall 23 extends radially. If necessary, a protective coating 25 can be formed on the inner surface of the flywheel bearing ring assembly 2 in a “peripheral permanent magnet” relationship to provide protection here. The rotor magnet 22 is formed to be fixed Disk-shaped magnet material (ferrite, permanent magnet alloy, etc.) bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the flywheel assembly 21. This ring is magnetized (not shown) at an angular interval of 30 ° (36 ° .n 2). Magnetize so that 0. < 6 < 30., which will be the magnetization angle (mechanical angle), as seen in Figure 2. The polarity of the adjacent magnetized parts is opposite. Alternatively, a magnet with a magnetization angle = 30. They are bonded at an angular interval of 30 °. This structure will be described in detail later with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The engine gear 26 is connected to the hub portion by a one-way clutch 27. The one-way clutch pack One is fixed to the hub part by screws 2 9 $ 8- ^ Zhang Zhang standard suitable financial home care standards (CNi ^^ _ 1Q χ Norwegian public love equipment ------ order ------- -(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 533651 Α7

5. Description of the invention (6) < contained m28. A suitable electric motor (not shown) is connected to the engine gear 26 for starting the connected engine using the rotating machine shaft 14. The stator set 12 includes a laminated ring having a plurality of coggings which form the armature pole 31. Independent coil windings 32 are formed on the bobbin 30, which extend around these magnetic poles 31 and are connected to a suitable external circuit to provide power output. The stator 12 is composed of a plurality of laminated electromagnetic steel plates having a thickness in the range of 0.25 to 65 mm. These steel plates are punched with a punch and covered with a layer of resin for insulation before lamination. This thickness is substantially smaller than previously used. The reason is that this thin steel plate is elastic and seems to be easy to bend. This will cause the cogging point 3 1 to become upwardly inclined during the punching process. The core steel plate can They are less tightly connected to each other when stacked, making it easier to separate. According to one of the functions of the present invention, it is necessary to avoid forming a thin plate 'end having an inner continuous portion punching notch 3 3 and an outer continuous portion punching notch 3 4 on the magnetic pole tooth groove 31 by using this. These partially punched notches 33 and 34 form holes and projections which are joined to each other so as to be stacked in a linear relationship with each other and to provide a mechanical coupling therebetween. The stator 12 and the hub portion formed here around a central hole 35 are provided with holes 36 for receiving screws (not shown). The holder 12 resists rotation relative to the generator casing which is not shown, but it is fixed to the connection Engine of locomotive. 3 and 4 show the relationship between the core space factor α and the efficiency π when the thickness of the core steel plate of the stator core 31 changes. The dot symbol in these figures shows a 9- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Installation ------- -Order ------ ΜΨ. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 533651 Α7

V. Description of the invention (7) The results of the Spiritual Test I printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Fig. 3 is a graph in which the space factor α of a thickness of 1 meter of the core steel plate is represented as a reference ， 100, and it can be seen from the figure that the space factor α decreases for a smaller thickness t 値. This is because the tightness of the laminate is reduced due to the bending or deformation of the smaller core steel plate thickness t. In order to achieve the same output current of the generator passing through the magnetic flux of the stator core 3 1 < fix the density, the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path of the stator core 3 i should be increased and the space factor reduced. Therefore, the stator core 3 1 Increase in size with a smaller space factor ". Fig. 4 shows a 7F case and a case (B) graph of actual measurement results of thickness t efficiency η change. Case (A) uses an electromagnetic steel plate interspersed interval, and case (B) uses an SPCC plate interspersed interval. This measurement shows that for a smaller steel plate thickness, the efficiency η increases and the case (A) using the electromagnetic steel plate improves the efficiency by about 5% compared to the case (B) using the SPCC plate. "Why have a reduced thickness t and The reason that the efficiency η may increase may be that the ion loss and eddy current loss are reduced due to the decrease in thickness t. Using these results, the calculated change in the space factor χ efficiency ... is known in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the maximum value of α η Appears when the thickness range β is at 0.65 mm. The range ρ is determined between the thickness where the space factor q changes suddenly (about 0.25 亳 m) and the thickness where the efficiency η changes suddenly (about 065 亳 m) I. In this invention An electromagnetic steel plate is used for the stator core 3 j. According to the previous measurement, the thickness is set to 0.25-5.05 m. The magnetic-electrical angle Θ of one of the poles of the Mizuhisa magnet 22 and the harmonic component of the output waveform The size has been analyzed using computer simulations and the results are shown in Figure 6. -10-The paper size is timely standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) ----------- installed -------- Order --------- ΜΨ (Please read the back first Notes on filling out this page) 533651 A7

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This shows the third, fifth, and seventh harmonic chirps, the maximum chirps (amplitudes) of 8, 5, and 7, respectively. This gives the same result as the Fourier analysis of the output waveform. Illustration. 6 shows the basic component Ai, but its magnetoelectric angle @ has a period of 360, so we will not change it here. Harmonic components such as the second, fourth, and eighth-order harmonics do not need to be considered because the positive and negative harmonics of these harmonics are eliminated in the single-phase output. The magnetoelectric angle θ used herein has a proportional relationship with the mechanical angle θ of a specific magnetic pole. Assume that the frequency of the electromotive force is f; if a rotor with & magnetic poles completes one revolution, an AC voltage of ρ period is generated. The length of time that a magnetic pole moves through the interval between two magnetic poles is equal to the length of time when the electromotive force (output voltage) is redundant. That is, the mechanical angle 2 π / ρ of the distance between the two magnetic poles corresponds to the electrical angle (magnetoelectric angle) 2π. Therefore ρθ = Θ. When the mechanical angle 永久 of the permanent magnet 22 becomes smaller, the “electrical angle between the magnets in FIG. 6 is an angle of a non-magnetized portion or a gap between adjacent magnets, and it is expressed as (18〇 A Θ) / 2 〇

As a result of the analysis of one or two, the amplitudes (waveform heights) of the third, fifth, and seventh harmonic components are compared; the maximum component is determined to be one of the largest harmonics 値 Amax. And take the harmonic at the electrical angle Θ = 180. The maximum value 値 Α_ (〇 424) is taken as the reference value, and the ratio b (b = A, -eight max / 0.424) of the large value to the reference value 0 · 424 is determined. From this, it can be found that one of the ranges of electrical angle θ is 0.01, in which the ratio B is less than about 0.5. In other words, it has been confirmed that if the magnetoelectric angle @ is set within this range Θ opt, the output waveform is induced by the harmonic component -11-This paper is suitable for 豕 帛 ® standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 Public love) '~' '' ---------- ^ -------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 533651 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (The loss of 9 rounds will be smaller, the waveform will be smoother, and therefore the efficiency of the generator is improved. As can be seen from Figure 6, the range of the electrical angle Θ @ 〇pt is preferably the ratio B in 122 below 0.5. ≪ 0 < 140 ... However, the power angle @ is less than uo. For the calculation of a sharp increase in the ratio, it is reasonable to consider the optimal electrical angle range @ 〇pt & including electrical angles up to © = 120 °, It is the angle just before the rapid increase. Therefore, the 'better electrical angle range 0opt can be extended to 120. < Θ < 14 °. Therefore, it is taken between the magnetic angle range 120 ° to 14 °. At a reference point, the 180 ° harmonic component at the magnetic% angle has the largest chirp, and the range of the magnetoelectric angle is optimized, where the largest chirp is closer to 50% or less than the reference chirp, as shown in Figure 7. It shows that the actual measurement 値. Therefore, it should be understood that the illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a very light, high output, high efficiency rotating electric machine, which can be used as a combination of small or medium displacement internal combustion engine Generator. Of course, the present invention encompasses other types of motors without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by the scope of benefits. Μ # ----------- 装 ----- --- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Employees Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, this paper standard Gujiaguan Standard-12- X;

Claims (1)

533651 Patent Application No. 0901〇2482526 • 文 · wenshen $ Patent scope 1 year September application patent Fan Gu 1. A rotating machine, and ancient, clock ^, /, there are a number of water long magnets and a relatively The rotating joint I 3 Shuijiu magnet has a regular interval transformation in a circumferential direction. The rotatable connecting element has a son and an electric field, which are surrounded by a circle. The armature is electromagnetically formed by a plurality of thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 0.65 mm. One of the steel plates is superimposed 3 & bis, ^ 9 Wo Cheng, the magnetic angle of the magnetic pole of the water long magnet is set, and the relationship between the shaft and the foot is in an electrical range of 20. To 1 buckle. in. Use: two special rules a surrounding force 1 (rotary machinery, in which the electromagnetic steel plate is: Lian ', Shao Fen punching holes and protrusions are connected in relation to each other, eight joint assembly to each other in order to correlate the electromagnetic An electrical coupling is provided between each other. 3. If the rotating machinery according to item 3 of the patent application, the machine includes a generator. 4. If the rotating machinery is provided under item 3 of the patent application, wherein the permanent magnet rotates and the The coil winding is fixed to resist rotation. &Amp; The rotating machinery as described in item 4 of the patent claim, in which the part of the punching hole forms a gap and a cry is provided in each cogging of the stator core. 6 · If the scope of patent application The rotating machine of item 4, wherein the L insulation layer is fixed on at least one of the surfaces of each electromagnetic steel plate. 7. The rotating machine of item i in the scope of patent application, wherein the magnetoelectric angle is equal to one magnetic pole moving through two The length of time between the magnetic poles is equal to the length of time for which the electromotive force (voltage) completes a cycle. 8. If the rotating machinery of item 丨 of the patent application scope, wherein the motor includes a generator. 9. If the rotating machinery of item 丨 of the patent scope is applied, where the paper size of the permanent magnet is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male) 533651 A8 B8 C8 D8 It is fixed against rotation. For example, the rotating machinery of the scope of patent application, wherein the electromagnetic steel plate is formed by continuous part punching to form the aperture and the protrusions are connected in relation to each other, and they are jointly assembled with each other to correlate the electromagnetic steel plate with each other. Arrange in a row and then provide an electrical connection between each other. -2- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)