527499 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（1 ) 本發明係有關一種有源光電過濾裝置，及配合獨立申 請專利範圍之一般項目來操作它的方法。該過濾裝置特別 適合做爲一種用於熔接保護罩、頭盔或護目鏡的閃爍保護 裝置。 此類型的過濾裝置爲人所熟知，例如文件W〇 97/15254 ，US — 5 ， 315 ， 0 99 或 EP — 0 5 5 0 3 8 4中所刊載的。例如有源過濾器組件， 其通常包含至少一個液晶單元（LC-cell )，當光偵測器被 大於預設臨界水準的光密度撞擊時，其多少會阻礙光的傳 輸。此過濾裝置的用途多且廣，典型的例子之一是當做熔 接保護罩、頭盔或護目鏡的觀測窗。 上述文件中說明的過濾裝置包含了有源過濾器組件， 例如由0 - 9 0 °之旋轉向列液晶組件係被放置於兩個交· 叉偏振器之間。它們係以Freedencksz臨界以上數倍的操作 電壓來運作。液晶單元之第一光學活動被觀測到時之該單 元的驅動電壓可做爲Fi*eedencksz臨界的標示。由於被引進 之散射光的降低、光電效應溫度的依賴降低及低於百分之 一之光傳輸的產生，所以上述文件係選擇了更高的操作電 壓。 類似低電源需求原因之有源過濾器組件的驅動頻率係 位於0及3 2赫茲之間。如上述電力供應電源之限制性’ 其主要原因係爲使用來自支援/緩衝器電池及太陽能電池 的電力來操作過濾器組件。目前，連續直流電的操作仍會 損害液晶單元，經由電解及離子遷移或其他方式會嚴重損 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項寫本頁) ‘裝 訂， 線- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -4- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 527499 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（2 ) 害其光學性能的效能，這可藉由提高液晶物質的電導値而 明顯地改善它。因爲驅動頻率具有液晶單元之電源需求的 直線效應，所以儘可能選擇較低的驅動頻率。然而’卻期 望甚至能更進一步降低電源的需求。 在這背景中，此光電過濾裝置的兩特徵値係特別地曰月 顯：傳輸及散射。這些値的要求被制定於各種產品標準中 ，例如 EN166，EN167，EN169 或 E N 3 7 9。歐洲標準E N 1 6 9規定傳輸T的變化範圍 可存在於各種熔接方法的案例中。如此，保護水準數目N —1 一（ 7 / 3 ) 1 〇 g T係被引進。有源過滅益組件的 可允許散射光被界定於歐洲標準E N 3 7 9中。如此’以 下係界定被降低的散射光係數： 1 * = ( 1 / ω ) (φιιι— P2r)/9il 其中 6l)爲空間角 (P 1 R - φ 2 R )爲被界定空間角中之測試樣本的散射光流 量（減去測量設備的散射光部份） φ 1 L爲測試樣本的非散射光流量（零衍射階） 在已知的光電過濾裝置案例中，光學品質被散射光嚴 重損害。液晶單元上的散射光有不同的原因：在其他者之 間、包覆於液晶單元中的微粒、不同的層厚度、刮痕、邊 緣及/或包覆液晶的玻璃板之間的襯墊。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項寫本頁) --裝---：----II 訂---------線· -5 - 527499 A7 B7 五、發明說明（3 ) 本發明的目的是要創造一種有源光電過濾裝置，及指 出一種操作它的方法，其案例中需要越低越好的操作.電壓 及良好的光學品質，特別是導因於散射光的損害越低越好 。此任務可藉由過爐裝置及被定義於獨立申請專利範圍中 的方法來解決。 符合本發明的光電過濾裝置係針對液晶單元之電源需 求的降低，配備有較佳的特別驅動電路。符合本發明的驅 動電路包含一個開關，其可於每半個期間將液晶單元予以 短路一定期間。因此不能選擇連續觸發電路或連續改變驅 動電壓。符合本發明的驅動不同於最新技術，其爲有源側 面之插入及驅動方式所造成的，其並非對應連續頻率，而 是脈寬調變。驅動脈衝架構的範圍座落於0 · 0 1至1赫 茲。具有此方法之能量要求與最新技術做比較而被減半， 其代表著極大的進步。 在此呈現的本發明係使用一種被明確界定的操作電壓 。另一方面，爲了達成產品標準ΕΝ 1 6 9中所規定的 光密度，其爲Freedencksz臨界以上的數倍。此外，操作電 壓係以液晶顯示器所顯示之最小散射光時的電壓來界定。 符合本發明所界定的操作電壓，係包含當散射光方程 式（2 )中之分子（實質上爲^1R)小於或等於分母（ p L )時，所發現的最小散射光。換句δ舌5兌’此表不··若 液晶顯示器之操作點中的散射光部份Ρ 1 R被調整至小於或 等於剩餘傳輸T = 1 0 ( 3 / 7 ) ( 1 - N ) ’則就有關 散射光而挑選的操作電壓即爲最適。根據經驗所定義之操 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項vm寫本頁) 裝 —線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -6- 527499 Α7 _ Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（4 ) 作頻率的範圍係介於1 〇至5 0伏特之間。例如，剩餘傳 輸調整的解決方式，可以偏振器指向的細小偏置或偏振效 率的改變來達成。上述討論中忽略了測量裝置（P 2 R )之 散射光的影響。 以下，本發明將以圖形基礎來做詳細的說明。其描述 圖1 一種符合本發明並且被當作閃爍保護裝置的 過濾裝置。 圖2 —種符合本發明之控制電路的同等電路圖。 圖3 用於操作方法之較佳實施例並以時間函數表 示的操作電壓。 圖4 以操作電壓函數表示之被降低的發光率。 件對照表 有源過濾器組件 電子工具 光偵測器 電源供應器 3 2 有源側面 圖1顯不一種符合本發明並且被設計作爲閃爍保護裝 置的過濾裝置。其包含至少一個具有液晶的有源光過濾器 過件1。液晶係以符合以下技術之一的方式被實現·· T N 技術、S τ N技術、分色技術、鐵電技術或π模式液晶顯 主要元 1 2 4 本紙張尺度適財關家鮮（CNS)A4規格（21q ——Γ —-------裝 (請先閱讀背面之注音筆項寫本頁) 丁 ' 1 n βΒΜΒ flu― n n n ϋ -i_i * Ju口 -線—— -7 - 527499 Λ7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（5 ) 示器技術。此外，過濾裝置包含可驅動有源光過濾器組件 1的電子工具2。至少一個與電子工具2 —起裝設的光偵 測器4。例如，爲了個別控制，封閉電路係控制過濾器組 件的操作電壓。電源供應器5係針對電子工具2、有源光 過濾器組件1及可能光偵測器4而被裝設。例如太陽能電 池這些均可被實現。 如圖2所不，以驅動電路裝配電子工具2是具有優點 的。有了它，液晶單元1的電源需求可明顯地被降低。圖 2之同等電路上的液晶圖係藉由電阻R i c及電容c i c來表 示。電路中的其他電阻被合倂於電阻R s i及R s 2中。交流 電源21供應典型0·01至1赫茲之架構頻率至交流電 源U =。符合本發明之驅動電路係包含一開關S i，其可將 液晶單元予以短路一定期間t z。此促進電容C L C完全放 電。因此，此驅動電路之電容C L C：之反極化放電所需要的 能量，在與最新技術相較下被分爲兩部份。 圖3顯示符合圖2之由驅動電路供應並以時間t爲函 數的操作電壓。例如在典型持續時間1至1 0 0秒的期間 中，最初於第一個時間區段t +期間內，正電壓 + I u l c |被應用至液晶單元1。此後，例如第二個時間 區段t s i期間內的液晶單元1 ，係藉由關閉開關s i (參 考圖2 )而被短路。例如第三個時間區段t —期間內，負電 壓- I U L c； I被應用至液晶單元1 ，因而第四個時間區段 t S 2期間內再次發生短路。因此，以此方式，有源側面 3 1、3 2係被插入操作電壓U ( t )所涵蓋範圍。符合 本紙張尺度用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) 一 -8- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項 N本頁) 裝 -丨線· 527499 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 本發明的驅動方法最可能對應脈寬調變。驅動脈衝之架構 頻率f = 1 / T的範圍爲0 · 〇 1至1赫茲。必須觀察的 是，爲了簡潔起見，圖3中的時間區段並不被描繪刻度。 當第一個時間區段t +及第三個時間區段t -具有典型 〇.5至5 0秒長度時，通常第二個時間區段t s :及第四 個時間區段t s 2期間的範圍爲微秒至毫秒。因此，短路時 間t s i及t s 2較驅動期間t +及t -短少1 0 3至1 0 7大 小等級的因子。 圖4描繪以操作電壓U函數表示之被降低的發光率係 數1 + ( U )(參考方程式（2 ))。液晶單元1上之散射 現象分析對本發明的理解很重要。例如，散射光的導因是 包覆於液晶單元中的微粒、不同的層厚度、刮痕、邊緣及 /或包覆液晶的兩片玻璃板之間的襯墊。在散射光的例子 中，吾人可區別靜態部份1 * s及動態部份1 * d。靜態散射 光部份1 * s可藉由適當的技術測量來降低至某一程度，使 得有源閃爍保護過濾器不會遭受影像品質損害（與歐洲標 準E N 3 7 9 一致的散射光級1 )。依賴電壓之散射光 部份1 * d的動態例子情況則完全不同。當操作電壓U被應 用時，上述散射光的中心附近會產生局部指向的分裂。本 身以外的物質-或邊緣U會使散射光中心分裂液晶分子的 同質、手徵性指向。這些局部指向的分裂對依賴電壓之散 射光部份1 * “要負絕大部份的責任。由於較高的操作電壓 U，液晶分子被校準而更平行於磁場強度向量，且因此使 得局部指向的分裂消失。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項本頁) 訂· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -9 - 527499 A7 B7 五、發明說明（7 ) 圖4顯示符合方程式（2 )之被降低的發光率係數1 * ’其實質上爲散射光部份p i R對非散射光部份P 1 L的比例 。曲線1 * ( U )的例子中，可區分出三個範圍。 I ·對於低操作電壓U而言，P 1 R < φ l，因此1 * < 1。第I個範圍中，因爲1 * ( u )爲單調遞增，所以u 遞增時之φ i R較p i L下降的多。 Π .對於中操作電壓U而言，P 1 R〜φ 1 l，因此1 * 〜1。第Π個範圍中，因爲1*(U)幾乎爲常數。 瓜·對於高操作電壓U而言，再次P 1 R < φ 1 L，因此 1 * < 1。第El個範圍中，U遞增時之φ i l只下降一點或 是幾乎不變，而另一方面，因爲1 * (U)爲單調遞減，所 以P iR如上述原因而仍然遞減。 爲符合本發明，操作電壓U = U L c係以滿足下列條件 下被挑選： a)達成所需的傳輸； b )被降低的發光率係數1 *爲最小。 操作電壓U = U L c係從下列來決定。條件a )界定u 軸上的能帶，使操作電壓U = U L。得以達成所需的傳輸。 因此在此能帶中，符合條件b )操作電壓U = U L e係被明 確地決定使1 *爲最小。正常情況下，操作電壓U = u ^ e 係座落於曲線1 * ( U )的第I I I個範圍中。 若需要，傳輸可藉由偏振器彼此相對的輕微旋轉或fl 振器效率的改變來調整。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -LT---Γ —-------裝--- ** (請先閱讀背面之注意事項本頁) 訂-· -線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -10-527499 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention (1) The present invention relates to an active photoelectric filter device and a method for operating it in cooperation with the general items of independent patent applications. The filter device is particularly suitable as a flicker protection device for welding protective covers, helmets or goggles. This type of filtering device is well known, for example as published in documents WO 97/15254, US-5, 315, 0 99 or EP-0 0 5 0 3 84. For example, an active filter component usually includes at least one liquid crystal cell (LC-cell). When the photodetector is struck by an optical density greater than a preset critical level, it will hinder the transmission of light to some extent. This filter device is versatile and versatile. One of the typical examples is as a viewing window for a welded protective cover, helmet or goggles. The filtering device described in the above document contains an active filter element, for example, a nematic liquid crystal module with a rotation of 0-90 ° is placed between two crossed and crossed polarizers. They operate at operating voltages several times above the threshold of Freedencksz. When the first optical activity of a liquid crystal cell is observed, the driving voltage of the cell can be used as the Fi * eedencksz critical indicator. Due to the reduction of the introduced scattered light, the decrease of the dependence of the photoelectric effect temperature, and the generation of light transmission of less than one percent, the above documents have chosen a higher operating voltage. The driving frequency of active filter components for reasons similar to low power requirements is between 0 and 32 Hz. As mentioned above, the main limitation of the power supply source is that the filter unit is operated using power from the support / buffer battery and the solar battery. At present, continuous direct current operation will still damage the liquid crystal cell, and it will be seriously damaged by electrolysis and ion migration or other methods (please read the precautions on the back to write this page). A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -4- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 527499 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (2) The effect that harms its optical performance, which can be improved by increasing the conductivity of the liquid crystal substance Clearly improve it. Because the driving frequency has a linear effect on the power requirements of the liquid crystal cell, a lower driving frequency should be selected as much as possible. However, it is expected to reduce the power demand even further. In this context, the two characteristics of this photoelectric filter device are particularly moonlight: transmission and scattering. These thorium requirements are formulated in various product standards, such as EN166, EN167, EN169 or EN 3799. The European standard E N 1 6 9 specifies the range of change in transmission T that can exist in the case of various welding methods. In this way, the number of protection levels N — 1 (7/3) 10 g T system was introduced. The permissible scattered light of an active annihilation device is defined in the European standard EN 379. So 'the following is to define the reduced scattered light coefficient: 1 * = (1 / ω) (φιι— P2r) / 9il where 6l) is the space angle (P 1 R-φ 2 R) is the test in the defined space angle The scattered light flow of the sample (minus the scattered light portion of the measuring device) φ 1 L is the non-scattered light flow of the test sample (zero diffraction order). In the case of the known photoelectric filter device, the optical quality is seriously damaged by the scattered light. There are different reasons for the scattered light on the liquid crystal cell: among others, particles coated in the liquid crystal cell, different layer thicknesses, scratches, edges, and / or pads between the glass plates that cover the liquid crystal. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back first to write this page) --Installation ---: ---- II Order ------ --- Line · -5-527499 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The purpose of the present invention is to create an active photoelectric filter device and to point out a method for operating it. The lower the better the operation is required in the case. .Voltage and good optical quality, especially the lower the damage due to scattered light, the better. This task can be solved by a furnace device and a method defined in the scope of an independent patent application. The photoelectric filter device according to the present invention is equipped with a better special driving circuit in order to reduce the power demand of the liquid crystal cell. The driving circuit according to the present invention includes a switch which can short the liquid crystal cell for a certain period in every half period. Therefore, you cannot choose a continuous trigger circuit or continuously change the driving voltage. The drive according to the present invention is different from the latest technology. It is caused by the active side insertion and driving method. It does not correspond to continuous frequency, but is pulse width modulation. The range of the drive pulse architecture lies at 0 · 0 1 to 1 Hz. The energy requirement with this method is halved compared to the latest technology, which represents a great improvement. The invention presented here uses a well-defined operating voltage. On the other hand, in order to achieve the optical density specified in the product standard EN 169, it is several times higher than the Freedencksz threshold. In addition, the operating voltage is defined by the minimum scattered light voltage displayed by the liquid crystal display. The operating voltage consistent with the present invention includes the minimum scattered light found when the numerator (substantially ^ 1R) in the scattered light equation (2) is less than or equal to the denominator (p L). In other words, δ tongue 5 vs. 'This expression ... If the scattered light portion P 1 R in the operating point of the liquid crystal display is adjusted to be less than or equal to the remaining transmission T = 1 0 (3/7) (1-N)' The operating voltage chosen for the scattered light is the most suitable. The paper size defined by experience is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back first to write this page). Installation-Line-Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperative Printing-6- 527499 Α7 _ Β7 Printing by Employee Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (4) The operating frequency range is between 10 and 50 volts. For example, the solution to the remaining transmission adjustments can be achieved with a small offset in the polarizer orientation or a change in the polarization efficiency. The effect of the scattered light from the measurement device (P 2 R) was ignored in the above discussion. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail on the basis of graphics. Description thereof Fig. 1 A filter device according to the invention and regarded as a flicker protection device. Figure 2-An equivalent circuit diagram of a control circuit in accordance with the present invention. Figure 3 shows the operating voltage as a function of time for a preferred embodiment of the method of operation. Figure 4 shows the reduced luminosity as a function of operating voltage. Part comparison table Active filter assembly Electronic tool Photodetector Power supply 3 2 Active side Fig. 1 shows a filter device according to the present invention and designed as a flicker protection device. It contains at least one active light filter adapter 1 with a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal system is implemented in a way that conforms to one of the following technologies: · TN technology, S τ N technology, color separation technology, ferroelectric technology, or π-mode liquid crystal display. 1 2 4 A4 specification (21q ——Γ —------- equipment (please read the phonetic pen entry on the back to write this page first) Ding '1 n βΒΜΒ flu― nnn ϋ -i_i * Ju 口-线 —— -7- 527499 Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (5) Display technology. In addition, the filtering device includes an electronic tool 2 that can drive the active optical filter assembly 1. At least one and the electronic tool 2 — Installed photodetector 4. For example, for individual control, the closed circuit controls the operating voltage of the filter assembly. Power supply 5 is for electronic tools 2, active optical filter assembly 1 and possible photodetector 4 can be installed. For example, solar cells can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 2, it is advantageous to assemble the electronic tool 2 with a driving circuit. With it, the power demand of the liquid crystal cell 1 can be significantly reduced. The liquid crystal picture on the equivalent circuit of 2 is The resistance R ic and the capacitance cic are expressed. The other resistances in the circuit are combined in the resistors R si and R s 2. The AC power source 21 supplies a typical structure frequency of 0.01 to 1 Hz to the AC power source U =. In accordance with the present invention The driving circuit includes a switch S i which can short-circuit the liquid crystal cell for a certain period of time tz. This promotes the complete discharge of the capacitor CLC. Therefore, the capacitor CLC of this driving circuit: the energy required for reverse polarization discharge The technology is divided into two parts. Fig. 3 shows the operating voltage supplied by the driving circuit according to Fig. 2 as a function of time t. For example, during a typical duration of 1 to 100 seconds, During a time period t +, the positive voltage + I ulc | is applied to the liquid crystal cell 1. Thereafter, for example, the liquid crystal cell 1 during the second time period tsi is turned off by turning off the switch si (refer to FIG. 2). ) And is short-circuited. For example, during the third time period t — negative voltage-IUL c; I is applied to the liquid crystal cell 1, so the short-circuit occurs again during the fourth time period t S 2. This way, active Surface 3 1, 3 2 are covered by the inserted operating voltage U (t). Comply with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) for this paper size (1-8- (Please read the note on the back first) (Item N on this page) Installation-Line · 527499 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) The driving method of the present invention is most likely to correspond to pulse width modulation. The architecture frequency of the driving pulse f = 1 / T ranges from 0 · 〇1 Up to 1 Hz. It must be observed that, for the sake of brevity, the time periods in Figure 3 are not scaled. When the first time period t + and the third time period t − have a typical length of 0.5 to 50 seconds, usually the second time period ts: and the fourth time period ts 2 The range is microseconds to milliseconds. Therefore, the short-circuit time t s i and t s 2 are shorter than the driving period t + and t-by a factor of 103 to 107. FIG. 4 depicts the reduced luminosity factor 1 + (U) as a function of the operating voltage U (refer to equation (2)). Analysis of the scattering phenomenon on the liquid crystal cell 1 is important for the understanding of the present invention. For example, the scattered light is caused by particles coated in the liquid crystal cell, different layer thicknesses, scratches, edges, and / or a pad between two glass plates that cover the liquid crystal. In the example of scattered light, we can distinguish between the static part 1 * s and the dynamic part 1 * d. The static scattered light part 1 * s can be reduced to a certain degree by appropriate technical measurement, so that the active flicker protection filter will not suffer image quality damage (scattered light level 1 consistent with European standard EN 3 7 9) . Voltage-dependent scattered light Part 1 * d The dynamic example is completely different. When the operating voltage U is applied, localized splitting occurs near the center of the scattered light. Substances outside the body-or edges U-will cause the center of the scattered light to split the homogeneous, chiral orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. These locally-directed splits are responsible for the voltage-dependent scattered light part 1 * "to bear most of the responsibility. Due to the higher operating voltage U, the liquid crystal molecules are calibrated to be more parallel to the magnetic field intensity vector, and therefore make the local orientation The fragmentation disappeared. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the note on the back page first). Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives -9-527499 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) Figure 4 shows the reduced luminous coefficient 1 * 'which is in accordance with equation (2), which is essentially the ratio of the scattered light portion pi R to the non-scattered light portion P 1 L. The curve In the example of 1 * (U), three ranges can be distinguished. I · For low operating voltage U, P 1 R < φ l, so 1 * < 1. In the first range, because 1 * (u) is a monotonic increase, so φ i R decreases more than pi L when u increases. Π. For the medium operating voltage U, P 1 R ~ φ 1 l, so 1 * ~ 1. The Πth range Since 1 * (U) is almost constant. For high operating voltage U, again P 1 R < 1 L, so 1 * < 1. In the El range, φ il decreases only a little or almost constant when U increases, and on the other hand, because 1 * (U) is monotonically decreasing, P iR is as The above reasons are still decreasing. In order to comply with the present invention, the operating voltage U = UL c is selected under the following conditions: a) achieving the required transmission; b) the reduced luminous coefficient 1 * is the minimum. Operating voltage U = UL c is determined from the following. Condition a) Define the energy band on the u axis so that the operating voltage U = UL. The required transmission is achieved. Therefore, in this energy band, the condition b) is met. U) UL The e system is explicitly determined to minimize 1 *. Under normal circumstances, the operating voltage U = u ^ e is located in the III range of the curve 1 * (U). If necessary, the transmissions can be made to each other via polarizers Adjust with relative slight rotation or change of fl vibrator efficiency. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -LT --- Γ --------- install- -** (Please read the note on the back page first) Order-· -line · Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -10-