527458 A7 ___ B7 五、發明説明（彳） 本發明描述 本發明有關將排水材料如排水芯插入地中之裝置，該 裝置含有載體（如液壓起重機）或吊架，含用來容納排水 材料之通道的插入尖端，及導引尖端之機構。本發明進一 步有關適用做爲將排水材料插入地中裝置之尖端，及將排 水材料插入地中之方法。 施加採用垂直排水芯之地面或土壤安定於例如可壓縮 且/或水飽和土（如粘土）區域。此類土壤具有非常脆弱 所謂之土粒架構和大的孔隙空間，通常充滿著水（孔隙水 )。當負載放置在軟性可壓縮土如道路路堤、水塡充或溝 ，可能發生明顯的下陷。 藉安置均勻分佈之排水芯，例如以1或2公尺的間距 ，孔隙水之流動路徑有效地縮短且孔隙水能夠流向水平方 向最近之排水口。安裝芯之裝置爲已知，例如 G B 6 3 2 902、EP 〇 226 251 和 EP 0 672 795。雖然此類裝置令人滿意地運 轉，若土壤含一種或多種阻抗（即相對硬）層，可能會出 現問題。視這些層的厚度和穿入阻力，甚至可能必需在安 置排水芯前於地面預鑽洞孔。 本發明之目的係降低或消除這些難題。據此目的，依 照本發明之裝置和插入尖端具有之特徵爲該尖端含有底部 (由該尖端之插入方向視之），具有之截面面積小於此尖 端連接部位截面面積且較佳小於該尖端其餘部份。 尖峰負載似乎起因於地面阻抗，特別是尖端之頂端， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 衣· 、11 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -4- 527458 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 或許是阻抗在該尖端長度上更均勻分散的結果，從而降低 或避免此尖峰負載。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 雖然該底部所需長度主要視土地之（局部）狀況而定 ，通常該底部較佳具有之長度至少爲半公尺，較佳至少爲 一公尺。更佳地該截面面積小於連接部位之四分之三且/ 或底部圓周長小於連接部位且較佳小於該尖端之其餘部份 〇 該尖端之抗彎曲且/或變形度可藉採用有一種或多種 強化特性之底部而增強，較佳在尖端的垂直方向延伸。諸 如該特徵之實例爲在尖端或尖端壁垂直皺摺所結合之一或 多個摺或脈。 本發明進一步有關將排水材料插入地中之方法，至少 包括下列步驟： 探測地面以確定阻抗層之存在和厚度，較佳遍及例示 插入深度之大部份或全部。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 選擇或備製底部（由插入方向視之）具有之截面面積 小於該尖端相鄰部位之插入尖端，該底部進一步具有至少 爲最大阻抗層厚度一半之長度，且 將排水材料藉該尖端插入地中。 因此，排水材料之插入可準確地適應局部地面狀況。 參照圖式現將本發明更具體說明，其中二個具體例以 圖形表不。 圖1說明將排水材料插入地中之裝置的示意圖。 圖2說明依據先前技藝之插入尖端。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -5- 527458 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 圖3 A和3 B說明本發明之第一和第二較佳具體例。 圖4說明在插入排水芯時有關作用於圖2至3 B尖端 上之阻抗圖解 〇 主要元件對照表 1 液壓起重機 2 杆 3 插入尖端 4 供給器 5 排水芯 6 纜線 7 反轉輪 8 外部扣緊元件 9 鋼管 10 洞 11 直底部 12 錐形 13 直部 14 強化樑 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 以同樣之數字代表相同之零件和表現相同或大致相同 功能之零件。 圖1說明將排水材料插入地中之裝置，含有由液壓起 重機1和吊架（即固定在起重機1之杆2)所成之可移動 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -6 - 527458 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 載體。該裝置進一步含插入尖端3、排水芯5之供給器4 及纜線6。該杆2分別於其頂部和底部（在杆2的遠端、 供給器4之後）使用反轉輪7。纜線6穿過杆2運行，係 沿反轉輪7旋轉並藉外部扣緊元件8形成纜線6二端相連 的封閉迴路。該插入尖端3藉纜線6之機構和相關驅動機 構（未顯示）而上升或下降。排水芯5透過杆2下部通道 (未顯示）之引導插入地中，越過杆2頂端並通過尖端3 之通道且隨即將插入尖端3插入地中。有關所述裝置和插 入排水材料的更多細節，可參考 EP 0 2 2 6 251 和 EP 0 6 7 2 7 9 5 〇 圖2說明（先前技藝）尖端3，其由一致且大致爲長 方形截面之鋼管9組成，其規定用以容納排水芯5全部長 度之通道，本例中爲管腔或長形洞1 0。通常，該尖端3 爲5 - 6 5公尺長，具有4 一 1 2mm之壁厚且側邊尺寸 (大致與長度方向成直角）範圍在5 - 1 5 cm。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖3 A和3 B說明依本發明之尖端3之二個不同具體 例，其不同於上述（先前技藝）尖端3，其中二者皆含具 有在側邊方向直徑較小之直底部1 1和如此較小之截面面 積和足跡（footprint )。此特例中，底部透過錐形1 2向連 接之直部1 3 (向上）形成錐形。圖3 A所示之尖端3採 用在任一邊和在底部1 1中段結合二個垂直強化樑1 4之 方式，而圖3 B所示之尖端3採用四個垂直強化樑1 4， 二個在任一邊且在或接近底部11之邊緣。樑14大致上 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 527458 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 避免尖端3在正常運轉下之彎曲和變形。亦可能採用如尖 端壁中之垂直摺。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 對上述尖端3之特定變化形式作實地測試。全部測試 尖端具有1 〇公尺長及1 2 Ox 6 Οχ 1 0固定截面。本發 明之尖端進一步含具有2公尺長和1 2 Ox 6 Οχ 1 0固定 截面之底部。這些尖端亦包括線性漸細端（1 i n e a r t a p e r )， 具有之長度在底部和連接部位漸變中爲3 0 c m。在測試 點中，以圓錐體穿透測試（C P T )(其爲已知且不需進 一步說明）之方式探測地面，以確定阻抗層的存在和厚度 。圖4顯不C P T之結果’其中可知該地面包含一*相對硬 層，始於約半公尺深至將近四公尺深，即具有約3公尺之 厚度。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖4進一步說明在插入時該先前技藝之尖端（以實心 三角形表示）經歷之阻抗非常類似C P T之過程並導致最 大驅動力超過1 4 0 k N。對照之下，本發明之尖端（ 以圖3 A中之圓形和圖3 B中實心符號版本表示）經歷更 均勻分散之阻力且無明顯的尖峰負載。此實施例明白顯示 本發明之尖W插入需要力量和能量較少。進一^步，該尖端 不需或幾乎不需預鑽。 本發明不限於上述具體例，其可在申請專利範圍內做 各種變化。例如，不用在一個步驟或轉變中產生之二種不 同截面部位，本發明之尖端可含在二個或更多步驟中產生 二種或更多不同截面面積之部位（在與插入方向相反之方 向增加）。藉施加該步驟性設計，進一步在尖端的長度上 本矣氏張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ~ -8 - 527458 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 6 分散阻抗。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 衣.527458 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the invention (彳) The present invention describes a device for inserting drainage material, such as a drainage core, into the ground. The device contains a carrier (such as a hydraulic crane) or a hanger, and includes a channel for receiving drainage material. Mechanism for inserting the tip and guiding the tip. The present invention further relates to a method suitable for use as a tip of a device for inserting drainage material into the ground and to insert drainage material into the ground. The ground or soil to which the vertical drainage core is applied is settled, for example, in an area of compressible and / or water-saturated soil (such as clay). This type of soil has a very fragile so-called soil grain structure and large pore space, which is usually filled with water (pore water). When the load is placed on soft compressible soil, such as road embankment, water filling or trench, significant subsidence may occur. By placing evenly distributed drainage cores, such as at 1 or 2 meter intervals, the flow path of the pore water is effectively shortened and the pore water can flow to the nearest drainage outlet in the horizontal direction. The means for installing the core are known, for example G B 6 3 2 902, EP 0 226 251 and EP 0 672 795. Although such devices operate satisfactorily, problems may occur if the soil contains one or more impedance (i.e., relatively hard) layers. Depending on the thickness and penetration resistance of these layers, it may even be necessary to pre-drill holes in the ground before installing the drainage core. The object of the present invention is to reduce or eliminate these problems. According to this purpose, the device and insertion tip according to the present invention have the feature that the tip has a bottom (as viewed from the insertion direction of the tip), and has a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tip connection portion and preferably smaller than the rest of the tip Serving. The peak load seems to be caused by the ground impedance, especially at the tip of the tip. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). · 11 Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives -4- 527458 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (2) Perhaps the result of the impedance being more evenly distributed over the length of the tip, thereby reducing or avoiding this peak load. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Although the required length of the bottom depends mainly on the (local) conditions of the land, usually the bottom preferably has a length of at least half a meter, preferably at least one meter ruler. More preferably, the cross-sectional area is less than three-quarters of the connecting portion and / or the bottom circumference is smaller than the connecting portion and preferably smaller than the rest of the tip. The tip's resistance to bending and / or deformation can be achieved by using A variety of strengthening characteristics are enhanced at the bottom, preferably extending in the vertical direction of the tip. An example of such a feature is one or more folds or veins combined by vertical folds at the tip or tip wall. The present invention further relates to a method for inserting drainage material into the ground, including at least the following steps: detecting the ground to determine the existence and thickness of the impedance layer, preferably over most or all of the illustrated insertion depth. The consumer property cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed or prepared the bottom (as viewed from the insertion direction) with a cross-sectional area smaller than the insertion tip of the adjacent part of the tip, and the bottom further has a length of at least half the thickness of the maximum impedance layer And the drainage material is inserted into the ground by the tip. Therefore, the insertion of drainage material can accurately adapt to local ground conditions. The present invention will now be described more specifically with reference to the drawings, in which two specific examples are represented by figures. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an apparatus for inserting drainage material into the ground. Figure 2 illustrates an insertion tip according to the prior art. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -5- 527458 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Figures 3A and 3B illustrate the first and second preferred specific examples of the present invention. Figure 4 illustrates the impedance diagrams acting on the tips of Figures 2 to 3 when inserting the drain core. ○ Comparison of main components 1 Hydraulic crane 2 Rod 3 Inserting the tip 4 Feeder 5 Drain core 6 Cable 7 Reverse wheel 8 External buckle Tight element 9 Steel tube 10 Hole 11 Straight bottom 12 Cone 13 Straight part 14 Reinforced beam Parts that perform the same or approximately the same function. Figure 1 illustrates the device for inserting drainage material into the ground. It contains a mobile crane 1 and a hanger (that is, fixed to the pole 2 of the crane 1). This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297). PCT) -6-527458 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Carrier. The device further comprises a feeder 4 inserted into the tip 3, a drain core 5, and a cable 6. The rod 2 uses a reversing wheel 7 on its top and bottom (at the far end of the rod 2, behind the feeder 4), respectively. The cable 6 runs through the rod 2 and rotates along the reversing wheel 7 and forms a closed loop connected to the two ends of the cable 6 by an external fastening element 8. The insertion tip 3 is raised or lowered by the mechanism of the cable 6 and the related driving mechanism (not shown). The drain core 5 is inserted into the ground through the guide of the lower channel (not shown) of the rod 2, passes over the top of the rod 2 and passes through the channel of the tip 3 and is then inserted into the ground. For further details on the device and the insertion of drainage material, reference can be made to EP 0 2 2 6 251 and EP 0 6 7 2 7 9 5 〇 Figure 2 illustrates (prior art) tip 3, which consists of a uniform and generally rectangular cross section The steel pipe 9 is composed of a passage for accommodating the entire length of the drainage core 5, which is a lumen or a long hole 10 in this example. Usually, the tip 3 is 5-6 5 meters long, has a wall thickness of 4-12 mm, and the side dimensions (approximately at right angles to the length direction) range from 5-15 cm. Printed by Figures 3 A and 3 B of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, illustrating two different specific examples of the tip 3 according to the present invention, which are different from the above (previous art) tip 3, both of which have The direction diameter is smaller with a straight bottom 11 and such a smaller cross-sectional area and footprint. In this special case, the bottom part is tapered through the tapered 12 to the connected straight part 1 3 (upward). The tip 3 shown in FIG. 3A adopts a method of combining two vertical reinforced beams 14 on either side and the middle of the bottom 11, and the tip 3 shown in FIG. 3B uses four vertical reinforced beams 14, two on either side. And at or near the edge of the bottom 11. The beam 14 is roughly the size of this paper to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 527458 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) Avoid bending and deformation of the tip 3 under normal operation. It is also possible to use vertical folds such as in sharp end walls. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page.) Perform field tests on the specific variations of the above-mentioned tip 3. All test tips have a length of 10 meters and a fixed cross-section of 1 2 Ox 6 Οχ 10. The tip of the present invention further includes a bottom having a length of 2 meters and a fixed cross section of 1 2 Ox 6 χχ 10. These tips also include linear tapered ends (1 n e a r t a p e r), with a length of 30 cm in the gradation at the bottom and joints. At the test points, the ground is probed in a cone penetration test (C P T) (which is known and requires no further explanation) to determine the presence and thickness of the impedance layer. Fig. 4 shows the results of C P T ', where it can be seen that the ground contains a relatively hard layer, starting from a depth of about half a meter to a depth of about four meters, that is, having a thickness of about 3 meters. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 4 further illustrates that the tip of the previous technique (indicated by a solid triangle) experienced an impedance very similar to the C P T process during insertion and resulted in a maximum driving force exceeding 140 kN. In contrast, the tip of the present invention (represented by the circle in Figure 3A and the solid symbol version in Figure 3B) experiences more evenly distributed resistance without significant peak loads. This embodiment clearly shows that the tip W insertion of the present invention requires less power and energy. Further, the tip requires little or no pre-drilling. The present invention is not limited to the specific examples described above, and various changes can be made within the scope of the patent application. For example, instead of producing two different cross-sectional areas in one step or transition, the tip of the present invention may include two or more steps that produce two or more different cross-sectional areas in two or more steps (in the direction opposite to the insertion direction) increase). By applying this step-by-step design, the Chinese standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) is applied to the length of the tip further to the length of the tip. -8-527458 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6 Scattered impedance. (Please (Read the notes on the back before filling out this page).
、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） -9-、 1T Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -9-