TW515860B - Turbine, power generation system therefor and method of power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

A turbine includes a rotor (2) rotatable within a rotor chamber including a plurality of blades (5) about its periphery. Drag surfaces are created by the plurality of disc surfaces in the rotor (2), five discs being shown, and these receive a working fluid which is caused to flow spirally towards a central aperture in the rotor (2). The working fluid may be provided at hypersonic or lower speeds and may be provided by a fuel burning means. A thermoelectric generator utilising the turbine is also disclosed.

Description

515860 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 Β7 V. Description of the Invention (1) Archival Technology The present invention relates to a method and device for electric generators, which uses a turbine to convert the enthalpy of the working fluid into kinetic energy. In particular, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a turbine structure and a method and apparatus for use in combination with a refrigeration cycle, and preferably to an electric power generator from a self-conditioning cycle. The terms "fluid" or "working fluid" as used throughout the specification, including the scope of the patent application, refer to any suitable fluid, but preferably, refer to a gaseous or evaporated fluid unless the text indicates otherwise. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Referring to Figure 1, in a conventional refrigeration cycle, hot high-pressure refrigerant liquid enters a throttling device, commonly referred to as a Tx valve, which reduces its pressure and temperature to a constant temperature enthalpy. The pressure drop swells the liquid, evaporates rapidly and gains heat. The hot suction vapor passes through a heat exchanger or "evaporator", which absorbs heat originating from the ambient temperature that is blown across its surface by a fan, cooling this air and thus providing a refrigeration effect. This ambient air passes through a thin fin structure surrounding the inner tubes of the heat exchanger. The temperature and enthalpy of the working fluid's evaporation is therefore gradually increased when heated. The endothermic working fluid evaporates and enters the X accumulator, which is designed to boil any residual liquid before it enters the compressor. ‘The hot working fluid rich in energy evaporates into the compressor, which compresses the steam due to the input of the function, thus increasing its temperature and pressure. An important part of the function of the input compressor reappears as the heat of compression and thus evaporates the working fluid to overheat. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

515860 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention (The uniformly superheated working fluid evaporates so it has a temperature that rises above the ambient temperature of the environment and enters the condenser, which has a structure similar to that of an evaporator. The heat exchanger then occurs between the evaporation of the superheated working fluid and the lower temperature environment. The heat exchanger extends until enough heat is removed from the working fluid to cause the self-heating evaporation to change to the state of the hot liquid. Hot working fluid liquid It enters the reservoir, usually called a "container", which has a volume large enough to support the needs of the thermal cycle and can withstand the high pressure in the discharge line of the compressor. The high thermal pressure refrigerant liquid then enters the Tx valve to complete the thermal cycle. The challenge for any typical generator that converts thermal energy to dynamic power is to maximize the efficiency of energy conversion. As energy becomes more expensive, methods of energy conservation and reuse become more noticeable. For example, many symbiotic treatment plants have demonstrated this energy attention However, the present invention provides enthalpy in contrast to the exchange of dynamic power and It is not heat. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a turbine, a power generation system and a power generation method thereof, which provide an increased utilization of effective thermal energy, or provide the public for effective selection. Other objects of the present invention can be changed from the following description. It is obvious. According to the first configuration of the present invention, a turbine having at least one stage is provided, including: a rotor chamber; (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 father 29 < 7 mm) -5-Consumption cooperation by employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 515860 A7 ___ B7_ 5. Description of the invention (3) Rotor The central axis in the rotor chamber rotates and includes several blades located around it, and at least one hole located in the rotor and extending through or parallel to the central axis, and at least two holes between the at least one hole and the blade. Resistance surface; at least one nozzle for communicating fluid at a first pressure to the blade, the nozzle is adapted to communicate fluid at a local speed of sound through its throat; and a fluid receiving mechanism operable below the first pressure The second pressure receives fluid from at least one hole; wherein the position and size of the nozzle are such that the throat is located within 0.5 mm from the surface of the blade. Preferably, the turbine may include at least two resistance surfaces located between at least one hole and the blade. The resistance surfaces are oppositely disposed to generate resistance on the fluid flowing between them, wherein the rotor receives the fluid from the nozzle and guides it in use. This fluid is between the resistance surfaces so that the fluid spirals inwardly toward at least one hole, thus causing a rotational force applied to the rotor around the central axis. Preferably, the fluid receiving mechanism includes a fluid passage which is supplied toward the periphery of the second rotor coaxially mounted with the first rotor. Preferably, the fluid channel includes a fluid stop that extends through the fluid receiving mechanism, thereby forcing the fluid to move axially outwardly and radially from the center of rotation. Preferably, the second rotor includes at least two resistance surfaces that surround at least one hole at the center of the position of the other fluid mechanism. Preferably, the second rotor includes a plurality of blades located around the second rotor to receive fluid from the fluid passage. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

515860 A7 V. Description of the invention (4) According to the second configuration of the present invention, a mechanism for generating a turbine as described above, and a mechanism for converting energy into electric potential is provided. According to a third configuration of the present invention, a forced cycle is provided, including a refrigerant cycle. The refrigerant cycle includes a cold portion and a portion where the refrigerant is a substantially liquid phase, and in the refrigerant portion, the refrigerant cycle includes: an evaporator; a generator, which is located in the evaporation Downstream of the generator, a generator turbine, at least one nozzle for supplying fluid to the turbine, and a conversion mechanism for changing potentials implemented on one or more rotors; and a compressor, located downstream of the generator. Preferably, the input to the compressor includes a pressure accumulator. Preferably, at least one nozzle is located at the enthalpy point in the cycle. Preferably, at least one nozzle is located downstream of at least one turbine in the cycle. A motor including at least a sub-rotation in which the heat medium that generates the potential is a substantial gas phase. The portion that is a substantial gas phase includes at least one vortex or a number of rotors. The kinetic energy transfer in the rotation is substantially immediately followed by the maximum cycle. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page} Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, preferably, the accumulator is located immediately downstream of the compressor and immediately downstream of at least one turbine. Ground, the compressor is driven at least in part by a photovoltaic cell, and the photovoltaic cell is cooled by a refrigerant in the cycle. Preferably, the compressor is driven at least in part by a fuel cell, and the fuel cell is used to heat the cycle The paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 515860 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention ($ Preferably, at least one nozzle is used when Pass the fluid at local sonic velocity through its throat, and the position and size of the nozzle are such that the throat is located within 0.5 mm from the surface of the blade Preferably, the thermodynamic cycle may include a control system for controlling the operation of at least one nozzle between the subsonic speed and the factor at the exit of the nozzle. Preferably, the thermodynamic cycle may include a thermoelectric generator, wherein the thermoelectric generator is located in the fluid circulation In order to receive the hot fluid output from the compressor and output the cold fluid to the inlet of the evaporator. Preferably, the thermal cycle may include a throttling device located upstream of the evaporator. Preferably, the thermal cycle may include at least one The thermo-generator in the fluid cycle receives the hot fluid from the compressor and outputs the cold fluid to the inlet of the evaporator, wherein the thermo-generator receives the cold fluid from the throttling device. According to a fourth configuration of the present invention A method for generating a potential, comprising: configuring a rotor rotatable in a rotor chamber about a central axis, the rotor including a plurality of blades located substantially around the rotor, and at least one centrally located rotor and extending through the rotor along or parallel to the central axis Holes; and through at least one hole, supplying fluid to the blade, and through at least one hole Receiving fluid, where the nozzle is positioned and sized so that the fluid travels through its throat at a local sonic velocity, and this throat is located within 0.5 mm from the surface of the blade. Preferably, this method may include guiding at least one of the holes received The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

-8-515860 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs _ A7 _B7____ V. Description of the invention (6) The holes are substantially radially outwardly received around the second rotor coaxial with the first rotor. According to a fifth configuration of the present invention, a method for generating a potential includes: operating a thermodynamic cycle to cause a refrigerant to circulate through the cycle, wherein the refrigerant has a substantial gas phase and a substantial liquid phase in the cycle; in the cycle, the refrigerant assumes a substantial gas. In contrast, the arrangement includes a generator with at least one turbine located downstream of the evaporator and immediately upstream of the compressor, and applying refrigerant to one or more rotors of the turbine to cause rotation of the one or more rotors; and to implement The energy of the rotation of the one or more rotors is converted into a potential. Preferably, this method may include placing the turbine in a cycle at a point of substantial maximum enthalpy. Preferably, the method may include positioning the compressor immediately downstream of the generator. Preferably, the method may include disposing an accumulator immediately upstream of the compressor and downstream of at least one turbine. Preferably, the method may include a compressor driven at least in part by a photovoltaic special cell, wherein the photovoltaic special cell is cooled by a refrigerant in a thermal cycle. Preferably, this method may include a compressor driven at least in part by a fuel cell, and using heat from the fuel cell to heat the refrigerant in the thermal cycle. Preferably, the step of applying a refrigerant to at least one rotor of the turbine in this method includes communicating the refrigerant at a local sound velocity through the throat of the nozzle, and the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) " " ~ '' -9-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

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515860 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ______ _B7__ V. Description of the invention (1) The throat is located 0.5 mm from the surface of the blade. Preferably, the method may include controlling the operation of the nozzle such that the communicating fluid changes between a local sound velocity and a local sound velocity. According to a sixth configuration of the present invention, a generator is configured, substantially as described in the specification with reference to FIGS. 2 to 12. According to the seventh configuration of the present invention, a thermal cycle for generating a potential is configured, substantially as described in the specification with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. According to the eighth configuration of the present invention, a method for generating a potential is configured as described in the specification with reference to Figs. 2 to 12. Another configuration of the present invention, which should take into account all its brand new configurations, will become apparent from the following description, which is based on the only embodiment and with reference to the drawings. Brief description of the drawing _ 1 · 'shows a brief representation of the conventional refrigeration cycle. Η 2: A schematic representation of the refrigerating cycle of FIG. 1 showing a turbine that also includes an extraction mechanical function. Η 3: Displays a brief representation of the first alternative refrigeration cycle including a thermoelectric generator. Figure 4: A simplified representation showing a second alternative refrigeration cycle including photovoltaic specific energy generation. ® 5: An exploded view showing a single-stage turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6: A side view showing the assembled single-stage turbine and its casing of FIG. 5. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) --S-pack.

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-10- 515860 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Fig. 7 ··· Shows a top view of the assembled single-stage turbine casing of Fig. 5 with a nozzle. Figure 8: A schematic representation showing an electronically controlled nozzle for supplying fluid to a turbine according to the present invention. Figure 9: Part of a photovoltaic array showing the cooling of a compressor used to supply energy to a thermal cycle. Figure 10: A schematic representation showing a three-stage turbine according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure U: Very diagrammatic representation of a heat generator according to a possible embodiment of the invention. Figure 12: A cross-sectional view very diagrammatically showing a possible configuration of a thermoelectric device in a thermoelectric generator of a possible embodiment of the invention. Component comparison table (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) # * —— binding · ordering

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs --- i-------------I j Jet fluid E3 hole El hole E2 hole 1 Turbine ΙΑ Turbine IB. Turbine 1C Turbine 2 Disc 2 The paper size of the rotor applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm)

-11-515860 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (Printed by 2A, 2B, 3B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 5B, and 6A turbine casings, 6B rotor casings, 7 nozzle casings, 9 nozzle casings, and 10 nozzle casings. Nozzle 11 Inlet tube 12 Solenoid coil 13 Plunger 14 Terminal 15 Nozzle inlet 16 Nozzle outlet 17 Photovoltaic battery 20 and 21 Heat pipe 22 _First fluid stop 23 Second fluid stop 100 Thermo generator 101 Cold outer spherical surface (please (Read the notes on the back before filling out this page)

This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -12- 515860 A7 B7, description of the invention (102 hot inner sphere 110 thermoelectric generator 111 inner sphere 112 thermoelectric device (thermal coupling) 113 outer sphere of the invention Implementation Mode The present invention may have an application of an air-conditioning cycle, which may increase the efficiency of a refrigeration cycle by restoring a part of the energy used to reduce the fluid and the heat obtained by the evaporator. Alternatively, energy may be added to the fluid to generate Extra power. The power generated from the basic vapor pressure air-conditioning cycle is based on the transfer of dynamic power to the enthalpy of the working fluid. It may happen between the evaporator output and the compressor input to complete the heat. The enthalpy is almost maximized and Temperature and pressure are being minimized. A brief representation of this type of thermal cycle for fluid flow including turbines, pressure accumulators, compressors, condensers, receivers, throttling devices or Tx valves and evaporators is shown in Figure 2 Separate pressure accumulators may not be needed, as some compressors have a built-in pressure accumulator 'and are present in any flow of working fluid Overheated motor coils cool the wires and cause the flowing fluid to evaporate. The low pressure at the output of the turbine or accumulator, if any, may cause the compressor to draw a minimum amount of flow. When equipped with a power generator, The low temperature ensures that the heat loss to the environment can be kept to a minimum by sucking into a suitable insulation layer of the compressor. It can reduce the density of refrigerant vapor before entering the turbine and make more of this paper standard applicable to Chinese national standards ( CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) — -13- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)-Equipment, 1T Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employees Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economy 515860 Α7 Β7 Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Printed by the Consumer Cooperative. 5. Description of the invention (The thermal energy of 仂 is introduced into the superheat of the hot steam output from the evaporator, thus increasing the energy input to the generator. This may also help the use of larger flow rates through the turbine. Which in turn leads to a higher efficiency of the thermal cycle. Overheating can be achieved by, for example, burning fossil fuels to introduce heat into this cycle After the evaporator, or from the compressor output through the larger compressor suction line through the smaller discharge line before entering the power generator. Heat exchange therefore occurs when the hotter working fluid evaporates from the compressor output and passes through the suction line Colder evaporation from the evaporator output. The compressor discharge line can then be retrieved through the wall of the suction line before entering the energy generator and into the condenser input to remove any residual heat to the environment. This superheated steam method is Familiar with air-conditioning / refrigeration technology, so it will not be discussed here. An ideal system can selectively introduce two kinds of overheating to increase performance. Another option is to start the compressor by a fuel cell and use the extract from the fuel cell The heat is used to superheat the fluid in the thermal cycle. Overheating can also be achieved by heating the air input to the evaporator fan using a suitable heating mechanism, which can be fossil fuel or any option. Referring to Fig. 3, in an alternative embodiment, the hot working fluid may pass through the thermal generator before entering the condenser. The thermo-generator combines the counter-flow of the cooling working fluid from the Tx valve, which generates a thermal potential. More energy can be extracted from this thermal potential through the use of a suitable thermocouple. Thermo-generators can extract another energy from steam which is not suitable for the turbine cycle. If the heat generator has sufficient heat transfer characteristics, the need for a condenser in the cycle may be eliminated. A thermoelectric generator may include two concentric tubes having a plurality of interconnected semiconductor thermocouples deposited on the outer wall of a smaller tube. From the hot workflow of the compressor (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) # --- 1pack · 1T

This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -14-515860 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (the cargo can pass through the smaller inner tube in one direction, The cold working fluid is immediately taken from the low-pressure suction line of the compressor, after the Tx valve can pass in the opposite direction. The fluid passing in the opposite direction ensures the maximum heat transfer between the cold outer tube and the hot inner tube.. General operation of the Tx valve It is well-known for the air conditioning / freezing cycle and will not be described here. However, regarding the cycle including the turbine, the TX valve in this cycle includes an experimental performance that has been shown to provide improved energy generation from the turbine. Furthermore, the TX valve Helps ensure that the fluid is in gaseous form as it passes through the turbine. The operation of the TX valve can be improved to maintain the required conditions in the thermal cycle. In particular, the TX valve can be bypassed if necessary to control the heat of the working fluid In another alternative form, the thermal cycle may include two compressors connected in series. Between the two compressors, the second turbine is provided with a first The same or similar architecture on the input side of the compressor. This allows the power extraction points in this cycle to be generated at different temperatures. In order to reduce the environmental effects of the operation of the compressor, the energy generated by the sun can be used to supply at least the compressor Part of the energy requirements. The efficiency and life of solar cells are increased if they are kept at a low temperature. Therefore, solar cells can be cooled by the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle. In Figure 4, the photovoltaic special cell has refrigerant from the TX valve in its Flowing below. This cools the solar cell and helps the addition of thermal energy to the refrigerant. Figure 9 shows a simplified representation of an example of the structure of a photovoltaic special array including photovoltaic special cells 17 cooled by the refrigerant. The incident light L and The electric flow action heats the photovoltaic special cells 17 which reduces their efficiency. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) # ^ —— Binding · Order JJ. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 Specifications (210X297 mm) -15- 515860 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (The refrigerant is circulated under the photovoltaic special battery 17 so that it can be copper's thermal conductivity Tubes 20 and 21. The substrate on which the photovoltaic special battery 17 is mounted separates the tubes 20 and 21 from the battery 17. Referring to Fig. 5, the exploded icon of the turbine used in any of the above cycles is shown as 1. However, these are familiar with this The artist will recognize that the turbines described in this article in combination with appropriate nozzles may have applications that extract energy from any suitable fluid flow in the presence of a pressure differential. It is expected that turbine 1 will be configured in a thermal cycle and will receive gaseous fluid jets However, alternative applications are possible. The turbine 1 includes at least two opposing substantially radial azimuth disks 2, and FIG. 5 has five disks, however any number can be configured if desired. Including several blades 5 are located A ring of blades is provided around it. The blades 5 are arranged to extend near the disc 2 when in use. A turbine casing having two components 6A, 6B surrounds the longitudinal axis of the turbine 1. The disc 2 and the blade 5 can be fixedly chewed to the shaft 3 so that the rotation of the disc 2 causes the synchronous rotation of the shaft 3. However, a transmission may be provided, and the disc 2, the blade 5, and the shaft 3 may rotate asynchronously if necessary. The blade 5 is possible to move at any desired angle of the order of 30 or 45 degrees to the tangent to the disc 2. The blade 5 preferably has an airfoil shape in which the receiving surface is curved to cause a smooth angular acceleration of the fluid jet. This reduces the turbulence added to the fluid jet. The inner peripheral edge of the blade can be separated from the outer peripheral edge of the disc 2 by a predetermined degree, which can be determined experimentally or in different ways. In an alternative embodiment, it is conceivable that the blade 5 can be omitted by removing the blade ring. In this embodiment, the nozzle (see FIG. 7) will protrude between adjacent plates. Alternatively, this paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Order printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-16- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 515860 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) 4 The blade 5 can be inserted slightly from the rotating edge so that the nozzle protrusion is adjacent to Between the plates, and at the same time very close to the leaves. The center of the disc 2 is a hole 7 from which the fluid is extracted from the turbine 1. The supplementary holes are arranged in the blade ring and the turbine casing 6A, as shown in Fig. 7B, which are aligned with the holes 7 when the turbine 1 is assembled. The disc 2 is preferably bolted to the rotor case 6B around it, and is separated by a gasket (not shown). This protects the holes 7 from obstruction and reduces potential turbulence in the swirling flow of fluid from the holes 7. This may be important for any subsequent stage, which can be added as described later. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations of the turbine 1 can be changed. For example, the shape, number, angle and position of the blades 5 can be changed as needed. The number, separation and surface area of the discs 2 can be changed, and the size, position and number of the holes 7 can be changed if necessary to obtain specific performance. Referring to FIG. 6, the turbine 1 is shown together with a side view of the nozzle housing 8. The turbomachine 1 is housed in a nozzle housing 8 as shown by the dotted line, and therefore also functions as a turbomachine room. The nozzle hole 9 is provided to receive the nozzle 10 (see FIG. 7). The nozzle 10 feeds the fluid to the turbine 1. The angle φ at which the nozzle points with respect to the tangent to the disc 2, where φ is any suitable angle, about 12 degrees in this embodiment. The nozzle outlet is preferably located within about 0.5 mm from the leading edge of the blade 5. The blade 5 receives a fluid jet from the nozzle 10 and directs it toward the disc 2. The angular acceleration of this fluid provides torque on the turbine 1. The shape and orientation of the blades cause fluid to be introduced around the disc 2. Although the turbine in the drawing has a single nozzle 10, more than one spraying. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 515860 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the Invention (ψ The nozzle can be set as needed. Later relative positioning and orientation of the nozzle can be changed to optimize performance. However, experimentally It has been found that the combination of sonic operation of nozzle 10 and nozzle exit to blade separation within approximately 0.5 band leads to improved performance over subsonic operation and a significantly larger separation distance. Disc 2 can be selectively omitted, but reduced Performance may occur. In use, the pressure in the central hole 7 is less than the pressure in the nozzle. Therefore, the fluid moves from the nozzle to the hole 7. Because the fluid is directed toward the periphery of the disk 2, the momentum of the fluid causes it to face the hole 7. On the other hand, the high-speed steam traveling on the surface of the disc 2 may generate torque on the disc 2 due to the viscosity between the jet and the surface of the disc. This torque is caused by the self-fluid through the blade 5. The same direction of angular acceleration of the jet flow. The fluid may spin into the center of the rotor and be extracted through the central hole 7. In a preferred form of the invention, the nozzle 10 has a tapered Cross-section, and its size such that the pressure difference between the fluid upstream of the nozzle 10 and the fluid at the outlet is sufficient to cause compression of the fluid flow at the inlet of the nozzle 10 in order to allow steam to travel at the local speed of the sound wave. This speed may increase Because the steam expands through the nozzle. The pressure difference, preferably through the turbine 1, may also be sufficient to accelerate the steam to supersonic speed, because the cross-sectional area of the jet stream increases downstream of the nozzle 10. In the example shown, the disc 2 is substantially parallel, and the jet of the fluid traveling between the discs 2 deviates from the plane of the disc 2, thereby accelerating to the supersonic velocity. In order to ensure the sonic flow rate of the fluid jet, when passing through the disc 2 The cross-sectional area of the jet should not be smaller than the area of the nozzle. However, in order to cause resistance on the plate 2 by the fluid jet, the plate 2 should have a narrow gap in between. The paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X297 mm) ------ r--ί ^ ---- r--IT ------ 0 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page} -18- 515860 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of the invention (仴 The surface area of the large disc 2 helps to balance these needs, and the necessary separation of the plate 2 to obtain specific performance can theoretically be determined experimentally. Therefore, the turbine 1 actually has two revolutions The generator of the moment is caused by the angular acceleration of the jet of fluid passing through the blade 5, and the second is caused by the viscosity between the relatively moving jet and the disc 2. The nozzle 10 has a fixed geometry, or More preferably, it can be an adjustable geometry that can be controlled on the operation of the turbine 1. The cross-sectional area of the nozzle inlet can be changed electronically. This can be achieved more easily than alternatives to the cross-section of the multiple nozzle outlets 16. This area can be controlled electronically via the configuration of a solenoid starter or other suitable control mechanism. If an electromagnetic wire starter is used, the nozzle outlet can be gradually "clamped" and released by the activation of the solenoid. Referring to FIG. 8, the enthalpy-rich fluid enters the nozzle 10 through the inlet pipe 11. A solenoid starter 12 magnetically connected to the plunger 13 is electrically controlled via a terminal 14. The area of the nozzle inlet 15 can thus be reduced to produce a smaller cross-sectional area. The solenoid coil starter or control mechanism may have as input the rotation speed of the turbine 1 or the power of the turbine system, thereby generating a feedback control system. The control system can adjust the sonic and subsonic flow of the fluid in the nozzle outlet if necessary. To extract more energy from the working fluid, multiple turbines 1 may be connected in series. Figure 10 shows a brief representation of the cross section of three vertically connected turbines 1 A, 1 B and 1 C, although two or more than three stages can be selectively configured. The fluid enters the turbines 1A-C connected in series from the nozzle 10 as the ejection fluid j, and is discharged through the hole E3. The jet fluid j impacts the blade 5A and faces so as to be extracted via the hole E1. When the jet fluid j leaves E1, it is forced radially (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

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This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 515860 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (outward flow due to the first fluid stopper 2 2) The outward flow can be assisted by the centrifugal force of the spiral fluid flow. This jet fluid j must then move to the edge of the fluid stop 22 via the fluid passage created by the fluid stop 22 and the lower surface of the turbine 1 A, and Received by the blade 5 B of the turbine 1B. Then it flows into the plate 2B and advances to the turbine 1C via the hole E2 near the second fluid stop 23. The fluid stop 22 and / or the fluid stop 23 may optionally have an upward direction The tapered or tapered cone shape is shown in Figure 10. Due to the number of steps, the amount of energy increase can be extracted from the fluid flow. The edges of the turbines 1 B and 1C can be sealed to prevent flow near the sides of the turbine. Instead Ground, a sufficiently high flow resistance path can be provided, for example by arranging a narrow gap at the edge of the turbine on the inner surface of the nozzle housing 8. In an alternative form, through the central hole of the resistance plate Having a spiral centerline that is complementary to the expected path of the ejected fluid. However, to simplify and avoid introducing significant turbulence to this flow, a single central hole extending along and parallel to the axis of rotation is preferred. The turbine stages 1A, IB, and 1C are shown to have substantially the same structure and dimensions, and changes between stages are possible. For example, the second and third stages may include only the resistance plate 2B without the blade 5B, and vice versa. Subsequent stages The radius can be different, for example, the turbine 1 B may have a smaller radius than the turbine 1 A. Moreover, the number, orientation and positioning of the resistance plates and blades can be changed between levels. Those skilled in the art will appreciate It may be necessary to maintain the required flow through the turbines in series compared to the single stage turbine inlet to the turbine 1A and the hole E3. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the turbine stage is bypassed (please read the back Please fill in this page again for attention)

This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -20- 515860 A7 ____ B7_ V. Description of the invention (1) 3 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Adequate seal around It is necessary to force fluid flow through each turbine stage. Each stage may have a slightly different architecture, which may be optimized for the expected fluid flow at each stage. For example, the spacing and number of plates 2 may be changed, and / Or the angle of the blades 5 can be changed. Further changes will become apparent to those skilled in the art. To enable the turbine to start rotating and avoid stopping the turbine once a load is applied, a smooth start mechanism can be provided .Smooth start may be necessary for special turbine designs. A better smooth start mechanism is operated by the electric field surge between the rotor and the stator of the generator. This can be achieved by passing a direct current through the coil from an external power source to reduce electricity. / Magnetically coupled during starting. DC current can be applied again if the rotor speed drops below a predetermined speed. The smooth starting mechanism can be used with Electronically regulated nozzles controlled by a suitable control system are used together. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for extracting energy from a fluid flow, preferably from a part of a thermal cycle. A compressor in a fluid flow may have a The best operation is to control the supply of energy such as photovoltaic cells. The output control of this system can be achieved by the controlled orifice spray. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs with reference to Figure 11 according to the present invention. The thermoelectric generator of another possible embodiment is represented by the arrow 100. This uses two concentric spherical surfaces 10 1, 102. This has advantages over the tubular design. This advantage includes: Maximizing the surface area to minimize the space can make more A large amount of semiconductor is thermally coupled to a given space; it facilitates the deposition of semiconductor materials in the evaporation chamber; and enables a larger amount of working fluid to be brought into both the hot and cold sides. This paper is suitable for China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -21-515860 Α7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) 9 The thermal coupling is in close contact and is provided by this Large heat conduction. In Figure 11, the cold liquid / evaporation will reach the cold outer sphere 1 0 1 from the Tx valve in the direction of arrow A, which will be heated by contact with the hot inner sphere 102, and the hot working fluid will be in the arrow The direction of X passes through the hot inner sphere 102, and the cold working fluid leaves in the direction of arrow Υ. Now the hot steam will leave the evaporator in the direction of arrow B. It should be mentioned that another form of overheating can be used with a circular tube The configuration is achieved with the evaporator of a hot air heater. The circular tube configuration has the main advantage over conventional evaporators, as the shape of the circle is less likely to adversely interfere with the flow beyond the flow of the zigzag flow at right angles Sonic gas flow. It is also mentioned that for semiconductor deposition on the hot inner spherical surface 102 in FIG. 11, the steel plate can be clearly attached by the positive and negative terminal pins supported by the insulating nut on the cold outer spherical surface 101. An insulation-specific screw attachment connected to and extending through the surface of the hot inner spherical surface 102. Referring to FIG. 12, in a concentric spherical thermoelectric generator 110, the outer surface of the inner spherical surface 1 1 1 is coated so as to deposit a large number of thermoelectric devices (thermal coupling) 1 1 2 which are continuously interconnected in series or parallel such as If necessary, the electrical connection is suitably brought out to a gas-tight terminal mounted on the outer surface of the outer spherical Π 3. The η-ρ junction can be applied using thin-film technology to minimize the insulation around the inner spherical surface 111. In the foregoing description, specific components or integers of the present invention have been referred to conventional equivalents, and such equivalents are incorporated herein, even if they are individually proposed. This paper is again applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specifications (210 × 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 515860 A7 B7

V. Description of the invention (2P Although the present invention has been explained by examples and with reference to its possible embodiments, it must be understood that modifications or improvements can be achieved without departing from the scope of the patent application (please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page)

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is sized to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -23-

Claims (1)

515860 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Scope of patent application 1 1. A turbine with at least one stage, including: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Rotor chamber; Rotor around the central axis of the rotor chamber Rotate and include several blades around it, and at least one hole located on the rotor and extending through the rotor along or parallel to the central axis, and at least two resistances between the at least one hole and the blade A surface; at least one nozzle for communicating fluid at a first pressure to the blade, the nozzle being adapted to communicate fluid at a local speed of sound through its throat; and a fluid receiving mechanism operable at a pressure lower than the first pressure The second pressure receives fluid from the at least one hole; wherein the position and size of the nozzle are such that the throat is located within 0.5 mm from the surface of the blade. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 2. If the turbine in the first patent application scope includes at least two resistance surfaces between the at least one hole and the blade, the resistance surfaces are oppositely arranged to generate resistance. Flowing on the fluid therebetween, wherein the rotor receives the fluid from the nozzle in use and guides the fluid between the resistance surfaces so that the fluid spirals inwardly toward the at least one hole, thus causing application to the winding Rotating force of the rotor on the central axis. 3. The turbomachine according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the fluid receiver structure includes a fluid passage that is supplied toward the periphery of the second rotor coaxially mounted with the first rotor. 4. The turbine of claim 3, wherein the fluid passage includes a fluid stopper extending through the fluid receiving mechanism, thereby forcing the fluid to move axially and radially outward from the center of rotation. This standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -24- 8 8 8 8 ABCD Printed by the Consumer Consumption Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 515860 6. Application for patent scope 2 5. A turbine according to item 4, wherein the second rotor includes at least two resistance surfaces that surround at least one hole at the center of the position of another fluid mechanism. 6. The turbine according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the second rotor includes a plurality of blades which are located around the second rotor to receive fluid from the fluid channel. 7. A generator comprising at least one turbine as described in the scope of patent application No. 1 and a mechanism for converting the kinetic energy applied to the rotation of the rotor into a potential. 8 · A type of thermodynamic cycle for generating electric potential, including a refrigerant cycle, the refrigerant cycle includes a portion where the refrigerant is a substantial gas phase and a portion where the refrigerant is a substantially liquid phase, and in the portion where the refrigerant is a substantially gas phase, the refrigerant The cycle includes: an evaporator; a generator located downstream of the evaporator, the generator including at least one turbine, at least one nozzle that supplies fluid to the turbine to rotate one or more rotors, and is configured to be implemented in the one Or a conversion mechanism that converts kinetic energy during rotation of a plurality of rotors into electric potential; and a compressor located downstream of the generator. 9. If the thermal cycle of item 8 of the patent application scope, wherein the input to the compressor includes a pressure accumulator. I. The thermal cycle of item 8 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the at least one nozzle is located in the cycle, substantially at the maximum enthalpy point. II · The thermodynamic cycle according to item 8 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the at least one nozzle is located in the cycle, and the cycle is immediately adjacent to the at least one turbine. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -25- 515860 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Downstream of patent application scope 3. 1 2 · If the thermal cycle of item 8 of the patent application scope, the pressure accumulator is (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) located immediately downstream of the compressor and immediately downstream of the at least one turbine . 1 3 · The thermal cycle of item 8 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the compressor is driven at least in part by a photovoltaic special battery, and the photovoltaic special battery is cooled by a refrigerant in the cycle. 14. The thermal cycle of item 8 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the compressor is driven at least in part by a fuel cell, and the fuel cell is used to heat the fluid in the cycle. 1 5 · The thermal cycle of item 8 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the at least one nozzle is in fluid communication at a local speed of sound through its throat, and the position and size of the nozzle are such that the throat is located away from the blade. Within 0.5 mm of the surface. 16. The thermal cycle of item 8 of the patent application scope further includes a control system for controlling the operation of the at least one nozzle between the subsonic speed and the factor at the nozzle outlet. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 17. If the thermal cycle of item 8 of the patent application scope includes a thermal generator, the thermal generator is located in the fluid cycle to receive the thermal fluid from the compressor output, And the cold fluid is output to the inlet of the evaporator. 1 8 · If the thermal cycle of item 8 of the patent application scope, it also includes a throttling device located upstream of the evaporator. 19. If the thermodynamic cycle of item 18 in the scope of the patent application, it also includes at least one thermoelectric generator located in the fluid cycle to receive the paper from the compressor. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297). (Mm) -26- 8 8 8 8 A BCD 515860 TV, patent application entrusts 4 hot fluids, and outputs cold fluid to the inlet of the evaporator, where the thermoelectric generator receives the cold fluid from the throttling device. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 20. A method of generating potentials, including: configuring a rotor that can be rotated in the rotor chamber about the central axis, the rotor including a number of blades located substantially around it, and At least one hole located in the center of the rotor and extending through the rotor along or parallel to the central axis; and supplying fluid to the blade via the at least one hole, and receiving fluid through the at least one hole, wherein the position of the nozzle And dimensions such that the fluid travels through its throat at a local sonic velocity, and this throat is located within 0.5 mm from the surface of the blade. 2 1. The method of claim 20, further comprising guiding the fluid received by the at least one hole, the hole being received substantially radially outwardly around the second rotor coaxial with the first rotor. 22. A method of generating potentials, comprising: operating a thermodynamic cycle to cause a refrigerant cycle to pass through the cycle, wherein the refrigerant has a substantial gas phase and a substantial liquid phase in the cycle; printed by the consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy The intermediate refrigerant is a substantially gas phase part, and a generator including at least one turbine located downstream of the evaporator and immediately upstream of the compressor is provided, and the refrigerant is applied to one or more rotors of the turbine to create the one or more rotors. Rotation; and converting the energy of rotation performed on the one or more rotors into electric potential. 23. The method according to item 22 of the scope of patent application, comprising placing the turbine in the cycle at a point of substantial maximum enthalpy. 24 · If the method of applying for the scope of patent application No. 22, including setting the paper size of the compressor, the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) applies -27- 515860 A8 B8 C8 D8 The generator is downstream. 25. The method of claim 22, including providing a pressure accumulator immediately upstream of the compressor and downstream of the at least one turbine. 26. The method of claim 22, further comprising a compressor driven at least in part by a photovoltaic special cell, wherein the photovoltaic special cell is cooled by a refrigerant in the thermal cycle. 27. The method according to item 22 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a compressor driven at least in part by a fuel cell, and using heat from the fuel cell to heat a refrigerant in a thermodynamic cycle. 28. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of applying a refrigerant to the at least one rotor of the turbine includes communicating a refrigerant at a local speed of sound through a throat of the nozzle, the throat being located at a distance of 0.5 from the surface of the blade within ni m. 29. The method of claim 28 in the scope of patent application, which further includes controlling the operation of the nozzle so that the connected fluid changes below the local sound velocity and local sound velocity (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). The paper size printed by the Bureau of Consumer Cooperatives is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -28-