510978 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 發明背景 發明領域 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明是關於準光學柵陣列，且特別對電調諧與調變 之柵振盪器。 相關技藝的說明 廣播通訊’雷達以及其它影像系統需要毫米波頻帶與 微波之無線頻率（” R F ” ）訊號的傳送。爲了有效地達 經濟部智慧財產笱員工消費合作社印製 成适些商頻率之許多應用所需之輸出傳送功率的位準，所 謂的”功率組合”之技術已被使用，個別的元件的輸出功 率被耦合或組合，因此建立大於個別的元件之單功率輸出 可以供應。所以，功率組合有經使用的共振波導穴或傳送 .線路饋送網路。然而，這些方法有一些特別明顯·變成高頻 率之缺點。首先，導體在波導壁損失或傳送線路有隨頻率 增加之趨勢，最後限制組合的效率。其次，這些共振波導 穴或傳送線路組合器對機器當波長變小時漸漸地變得困難 。第三，波導系統中，各裝置經常必需被手動地插入且調 諧。這是費力且僅對相當少數的裝置有用。 多年前，使用”準光學”之空間性的功率組合被提出 作對這些問題之可能的解答。該理論是置於共振器可對相 同的頻率與相同步之微波或毫米波實體狀態源的陣列，且 它們的輸出將組合在自由空間，最小化導體損失。更進一 步，平面陣列可被整體地製造且以較短的波長，因此可能 地致使數千裝置被合倂於單晶圓上。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） · 4 - 510978 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（2 ) 從那時以來’數種準光學裝置已被發展，包括偵測器 ，倍加器，混合器，以及移相器。這些被動裝置繼續爲進 行硏究的主題。然而，過去這些年來，主動準光學裝置， 即振盪器與放大器，已逐步形成。一使用準光學之空間性 的功率組合（在其它方法上）的好處是輸出功率隨著晶片 區線性地標度。因此，主動準光學的領域已在短時間內引 起相當的注意’且該領域的成長已是爆炸性的。 一般認爲第一個準光學柵陣列放大器係由M. Kim等在 加州技術學院發展。此柵使用2 5 Μ E S F E T差動對 (differential pairs )，在 3 GHz 展示 11 dB 的增 益。如圖1所示’一典型的柵放大器1 〇是夾在輸入與輸 出極化器’ 1 8，2 4間之主動柵1 2上之電晶體1 4的 密閉空間差動對的陣列。一輸入訊號1 6通過水·平經極化 的輸入極化器1 8且建立於柵1 2的水平經極化的輸入天 線2 0上激發r f電流之自左邊入射之輸入光束。這些電 流在差動模式中驅動電晶體對1 4的輸入。該輸出電流沿 著該柵的垂直經極化的天線2 2被重導向，產生經由輸出 極化器2 4至右邊之垂直經極化的輸出光束3 0。 橫極化的輸入與輸出提供兩重要的優點。第一，提供 良好的輸出入隔離，減少假回饋振盪之電位。第二，放大 器的輸入與輸出電路可以係由使用金屬條極化器獨立地調 諧’其也限制光束至向前方向。數種柵放大器既然已經發 展且因此已進一步被證明對軍事與商業R F應用且特別對 高頻率有極大的前途，廣播系統在小，最好是整體的，封 —-------衣-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)510978 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The present invention relates to quasi-optical grid arrays, and is specifically for grid oscillators for electrical tuning and modulation. Explanation of related technologies Broadcasting radio ’radar and other imaging systems require the transmission of millimeter-wave frequency bands and microwave radio frequency (“ RF ”) signals. In order to effectively reach the level of output transmission power required by the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Employee Consumer Cooperative for many applications suitable for some commercial frequencies, the so-called "power combination" technology has been used. The output power of individual components Are coupled or combined so that a single power output that is larger than the individual components can be supplied. Therefore, the power combination has a used resonant waveguide cavity or transmission line feed network. However, these methods have some obvious shortcomings that turn into high frequencies. First, the loss of conductors at the waveguide wall or the transmission line tends to increase with frequency, and finally the efficiency of the combination is limited. Second, these resonant waveguide cavities or transmission line combiners become increasingly difficult for machines as the wavelength becomes smaller. Third, in waveguide systems, the devices often must be manually inserted and tuned. This is laborious and only useful for a relatively small number of devices. Many years ago, spatial power combinations using "quasi-optical" were proposed as possible answers to these questions. The theory is that the resonator can be an array of microwave or millimeter-wave solid state sources with the same frequency and phase synchronization, and their outputs will be combined in free space to minimize conductor losses. Further, planar arrays can be manufactured integrally and at shorter wavelengths, thus potentially causing thousands of devices to be combined on a single wafer. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) · 4-510978 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (2) Since then several kinds of quasi-optical devices It has been developed to include detectors, multipliers, mixers, and phase shifters. These passive devices continue to be the subject of investigation. However, over the past few years, active quasi-optical devices, namely oscillators and amplifiers, have gradually formed. The advantage of using a quasi-optical spatial power combination (among other methods) is that the output power scales linearly with the wafer area. Therefore, the field of active quasi-optics has attracted considerable attention in a short time 'and the growth of this field has been explosive. It is generally believed that the first quasi-optical grid array amplifier was developed by M. Kim et al. At the California Institute of Technology. This grid uses differential pairs of 25 μM ES F E T and exhibits 11 dB gain at 3 GHz. As shown in FIG. 1, 'a typical gate amplifier 10 is an array of closed space differential pairs of transistors 14 which are sandwiched between an active gate 12 and an active gate 12 between input and output polarizers' 18, 24. An input signal 16 passes through the horizontally polarized input polarizer 18 and the horizontally polarized input antenna 20 built on the grid 12 stimulates the rf current from the input beam incident from the left. These currents drive the input of transistor pair 1 in differential mode. The output current is redirected along the vertically polarized antenna 22 of the grid, generating a vertically polarized output light beam 30 through the output polarizer 24 to the right. Transversely polarized inputs and outputs provide two important advantages. First, it provides good isolation between input and output, reducing the potential of false feedback oscillation. Second, the input and output circuits of the amplifier can be independently tuned by using a metal strip polarizer 'which also restricts the light beam to the forward direction. Since several gate amplifiers have been developed and therefore have further proven to have great prospects for military and commercial RF applications, and especially for high frequencies, broadcasting systems are small, preferably integrated, sealed ----------- clothing -(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)
、1T 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） 510978 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產¾員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（3 ) 裝中需要顯著的輸出功率位準（如>5瓦）。並且，共振 器可以被用以提供回饋以耦合主動裝置以形成高功率振盪 器。一非調變源架構，已知如” K 1 m振盪器”，係在1 Kim, E.A. Sovero, J.B. Hacker, M.P. De Lisio, J.J. Rosenberg, D.B. Rutledge,”使用具扭轉反射器之柵放大器之6 . 5 Gh z — 1 1 · 5 G Η z源，” IEEE Trans.微波理論與技術 ，1 993 年十月 V〇l. 41，No. 10，pp. 1772 - 1774,說明。振盪 器的基本槪念是用外部回饋至柵放大器以感應它至振盪。 圖2 A顯示在其中公開之標準的K i m振盪器的功能槪要 。圖2 B顯示標準的K i m振盪器的實際架構的分解圖。 如所見，扭轉反射器4 0，包含有稱號的極化器4 2與鏡 子4 4自根據它入射且反射它回至柵放大器的輸入而旋轉 經放大的輸出光束的部分的y極化。扭轉反射器_4 0的極 化器4 2對沿著它的接線經極化之能量可以被當作完美的 反射器且對彼此垂直之極化之能量當作看不見的。柵放大 器主動陣列提供增益與增益壓縮。回饋之頻率選擇性（調 諧）由相延遲4 1完成，其主要係由柵陣列與扭轉反射器 的實際分離” d ”設定。輸出極化器4 8提供自輸入極化 之輸出的隔離以及提供輸入極化之阻抗配對。 另一類的柵振盪器是電壓控制準光學振盪器，由T. Mader，S. Bundy，Z.B. Popovic，”準光學 VC〇s，” IEEE Trans. 微波理論與技術，1 9 9 3年十月Vol· 41，No· 10, pp· 1775 - 1781，公開。不幸地，此V C〇，當調諧時，產生相當小 的輸出功率且有相當窄的調諧範圍。 玉紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格（210X297公董1 - 6 - ~_ —---------- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 510978 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 生相當小的輸出功率且有相當窄的調諧範圍。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 包括外部扭轉反射器回饋網路之柵振盪器（” K i m 振盪器）是習知地沿著柵經傳送的光束的軸由機械地轉移 回饋網路調諧之頻率。不幸地，需要實際地移動反射器以 調諧該裝置對數個原因是不期望的。轉移機構的增加增加 體積且對高度可再生結構是昂貴的。機械調諧可以是不精 確且緩慢的。進一步，該振盪器不能調變它的輸出訊號。 因此’适樣的裝置對大多數應用是不精確的。 具扭轉反射器之柵振盪器的電調諧已經被提出作爲可 能的解答。一解答必需導入變容體載入名爲瀘波器結構代 替名爲扭轉反射器之極化器。此解答應允許柵振盪器的直 接相調變，但需要特殊的處理單元以產生應用至變容體之 §周變訊號，與特殊的商速放大器以正確地驅動該變容體。 這些額外的元件對振盪器可能增加成本與複雜度。因此， 對不需這樣特殊的電路之調諧與調變之柵振盪器有限定需 要。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 發明的節要 本發明，其滿足此需要屬於電調諧與調變之準光學功 率訊號源。功率訊號源包括具獲得輸出訊號之輸出之準光 學柵陣列’以及導入訊號以產生振盪器輸出的頻率與相至 具被定爲時間的函數之頻率與相之參考訊號之機構，以致 於振盪器輸出承受參考訊號的頻率與相之預定的關係。柵 陣列振盪器包括具輸入與輸出之柵放大器及由預定距離自 -7- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 510978 Μ Β7 五、發明説明（5 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 放大器隔開之扭轉反射器。在較佳的實施例中，產生之機 構是與接受具被定爲時間的函數之頻率與相之外部射入鎖 定參考訊號之振盪器有關之輸入埠。此由本發明說明之電 相調變允許它利用典型地隨習知的傳送器系統產生之訊號 。這些經相調變的訊號在傳送頻率（或其組成的片斷）， 通常被產生在上變頻器的輸出且在最後的功率放大階段之 前應用至預放大器（或放大頻率倍加器）。此允許零件數 之減少與整個傳送器系統的簡化。 本發朋的輸入埠也許係位於振盪器中任一位置。在一 較佳實施例中，輸入埠是位於扭轉反射器。更尤其，扭轉 反射器包括鏡子及與鏡子有關之有角極化器且輸入埠係位 於扭轉反射器的鏡子內。在本發明的功率訊號源的另一實 施例中，輸入埠係位於柵放大器的輸入。又在另一實施例 中，輸入埠係位於柵放大器的輸出.。又仍在另一實施例中 ，輸入璋係位於振盪器的輸出。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 應用至參考瑋之參考訊號源也許採數種不同的形式以 達成相同的振盪器輸出。例如，在一實施例中，振盪器的 輸出以一對一關係追蹤參考訊號的頻率與相。也就是，振 盪器輸出的頻率與相實質上是與參考埠之輸入參考訊號的 頻率與相相同。另外，振盪器輸出的頻率與相也許是參考 訊號的頻率與相的數倍。 在本發明的另一觀點，電調諧與調變之準光學功率訊 號源被公開。該源包括包括柵放大器’極化回饋結構與獲 得輸出訊號之輸出之準光學柵陣列振盪器，以及接受具被 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS) Α4規格〈2ΐ〇χ297公釐） 510978 A7 ____B7 _ 五、發明説明（6 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 定爲時間的函數之頻率與相之外部射入鎖定參考訊號之振 盪器有關之參考輸入埠以致於振盪器輸出承受參考訊號的 頻率與相之預定的關係。 本發明的振盪器也許也作爲新的振幅調變器。在一觀 點中，電調諧與調變之功率訊號源包括具獲得輸出訊號之 輸出之準光學柵振盪器，參考輸入埠以及調節振盪器的輸 出訊號的振幅之控制器。參考埠也許係位於振盪器上任何 適當的位置。該璋接受具被定爲時間的函數之頻率與相之 外部射入鎖定參考訊號之振盪器有關之參考輸入埠以致於 振盪器輸出承受參考訊號的頻率與相之預定的關係。在本 發明的一觀點中，控制輸出的振幅之機構是連接至直接地 調變振盪器的控制偏壓的之振盪器之外部電壓調變器。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在發明的另一觀點中，電調諧與調變之功率訊號源之 系統被公開。該系統包括兩各具獲得輸出訊號之輸出之準 光學柵振盪器，其爲輸出訊號被加總在一起之處。亦包括 隨它自己的經相調變參考訊號供應各柵振盪器之出相調變 控制單元。使用此技術，稱爲Chkeix技術，振盪器的定相 器總和輸出期望的相與振幅經調變的訊號。在一實施例中 ，兩振盪器的輸出係在自由空間中加總。另外，兩振盪器 的輸出係由導波功率組合加總。 上述之兩振幅調變技術也許也被組合以導致更有效且 正確的準光學A Μ調變振盪器。特別地，上述使用Chi「eix 出相調變技術之雙振盪器系統也許也使用直接的振幅調變 至各振盪器，以致於第一振盪器輸出的振幅係直接地隨著 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) M規格（210x 297公釐） ^ 510978 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 第〜外部電壓調變器調變且第二振盪器輸出的振幅係直接 地隨著第二外部電壓調變器調變。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一具訊號輸出之電調諧與調變之準光學柵振盪器的方 法被公開。該方法包括應用一產生參考訊號至振盪器且調 整該參考訊號至期望的頻率與相以致於振盪器輸出承受參 考訊號的頻率與相之預定的關係。 圖形的簡要說明 圖1是具經放大的陣列之差動對單元格的其中之一之 習知的準光學柵陣列的分解圖； 圖2 A是標準的，準光學柵陣列源（” K 1 m振盪器 ”）的功能槪要； * 圖2 B顯示標準的K i m振盪器的實際架構的分解圖 圖3顯示本發明的一實施例的實際架構的分解圖，藉 此習知的K i m振盪器的扭轉反射器係適於參考訊號輸入 埠； 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖4 A是本發明的一較佳實施例的功能槪要，其中準 光學柵陣列振盪器在主動陣列的扭轉反射器內合倂導入產 生訊號之相調變方案； 圖4 B是本發明的一較佳實施例的功能槪要，其中準 光學柵陣列振盪器在柵放大器輸入埠合倂導入產生訊號之 相調變方案； 圖4 C是本發明的一較佳實施例的功能槪要，其中準 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） _川- 510978 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 ) 光學柵陣列振盪器在柵放大器輸出瑋合倂導入產生訊號之 相調變方案； (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖4 〇是本發明的一較佳實施例的功能槪要，其中準 光學柵陣列振盪器在振盪器的輸出合倂導入產生訊號之相 調變方案；以及 圖5是本發明的一較佳實施例的功能槪要，其中出相 調變隨經平面調變的振盪器被應用。 主要元件對照表 10 柵放大器 12 主動柵 14 電晶體 18 輸入極化器 2 4 輸出極化器 16 輸入訊號 2〇 水平經極化的輸入天線 2 2 垂直經極化的天線 3〇 垂直經極化的輸出光束 4 0 扭轉反射器 4 2 極化器 4 4 鏡子 4 1 相延遲 4 6 放大器 4 8 輸出極化器 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -1 - 510978 A7 B7 五、發明説明（913 0 14 8 1 4〇 14 6 14 4 14 2 1 5〇 6 0 1 6〇 16 2 16 4 16 6 1 7 0 1 8〇 2 1 0 2 12 2 0 0 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2 4 6 8 4 K 1 m振盪器 輸出極化器 扭轉反射器 主動柵陣列 鏡子 有稱號的極化器 參考訊號輸入埠 參考訊號 y極化堤 訊號路徑 相延遲 極化旋轉 X經極化的璋 振盪器的輸出 調變振盪器 調變振盪器 資料輸入訊號 參考振盪器 出相調變控制單元 相經調變的訊號 相經調變的訊號 阻抗配對 阻抗配對 功率組合器 I-------^^衣-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -12 - 510978 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 _五、發明説明（1〇 ) 較佳實施例的詳細說明 在此公開之發明屬於包括置於振盪器任何位置之參考 輸入埠之準光學柵振盪器。圖3顯示一這樣的實施例的實 際製作。K 1 m振盪器1 3 0包括夾在輸出極化器1 4 8 與扭轉反射器1 4 0間之主動柵陣列1 4 6。該扭轉反射 器包含鏡子1 4 4與有稱號的極化器1 4 2。在此實施例 中，參考訊號輸入埠1 5 0被鑽入扭轉反射器1 4 0的鏡 子1 4 4。一有時間相依頻率與相之相當小的，產生，參 考訊號6 0被簡單地導進參考輸入埠。如下討論，此參考 埠也許在實質上如圖3所示之裝置相同的方式之功能與 K i m振邊器而位於不同地點。 圖4 A是解釋圖3所示之發明的實施例的操作之功能 槪要，其中準光學柵陣列振盪器在主動陣列的扭轉反射器 內合倂導入產生訊號之相調變方案。特別地，柵放大器 1 4 6在它的輸出或” y極化”璋：l 6 0產生輸出訊號。 如在sJl 5虎路徑1 6 2所見，訊號的部分係由輸出極化器 1 4 8接收且部分散發於扭轉反射器1 4 0上，其導入相 延遲1 6 4與極化旋轉1 6 6。該訊號使反射器彈離且沿 1 7 2回當做X極化訊號至柵陣列。此回歸訊號係在柵放 大器1 4 6的X經極化的埠1 7 0接收且係由輸出極化器 1 4 8封鎖。經調變之相或經調變之頻率之參考訊號6 〇 被導入參考訊號埠1 5 0，在此實施例是位於扭轉反射器 4 0內之處。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210x297公酱） -13- 510978 A7 B7 五、發明説明（11 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 應由振盪器顯示之自由運轉（free-running)的頻率，振盪 器將被產生至頻率與相之參考訊號6 0。在此觀念中參考 訊號是外部注入鎖定訊號。應了解在此使用之”產生”不 需要意指參考訊號的即時的追蹤。而是，該術語提到藉由 振盪器的輸出將達到它的頻率將實質上符合參考訊號的頻 率且它的相將承受一對參考訊號的相之實質上固定的關係 之動作。並且，參考訊號6 0不需在期望的輸出頻率，但 可以代替操作在期望的操作頻率的整體的片段（如一半， 三分之一），因爲振盪器可以由參考訊號的諧波而產生。 特別振盪器動力的了解，其迅速地由熟悉此技藝之人 獲得，將致使他預定振盪器輸出的頻率與相以及參考訊號 的頻率與相間之關係。知此預定關係將致使他建構參考訊 號以獲得期望的輸出。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖4 B — 4 D顯示圖4 A所示之頻率/相調變技術的 另一功能方案，隨著參考訊號在振盪器之另一點，或埠被 導入。因此，圖4 B顯示如隨著參考訊號6 0實質上係位 於柵放大器4 6的輸入璋1 7 0之參考埠1 5 0之圖4A 之相同的方案。圖4 C顯示於放大器的輸出埠1 6 0導入 之產生訊號，以及圖4D顯示在振盪器的輸出1 8 0被導 入之訊號。 在本發明進一步的實施例中，同時存在的振幅調變也 可以由使用振盪器而完成。直接振幅調變可以透過應用至 陣列之主動裝置的控制電極（如場效電晶體的閘或雙極電 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -14 - 510978 A7 B7 五、發明説明（12) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 晶體的基極）之偏壓的調變而完成。應用至連接至個別裝 置的控制電極之控制線路之時間變化電壓將產生振盪器輸 出的振幅調變。隨著經相調變的參考訊號同步此時間變化 控制電壓將致使，例如，正交振幅調變（Q A Μ )。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在達成振幅調變的另一方法，H. Chireix說明之Chireix AM 技術，”高功率出相調變”，Proc. IRE，vol. 23，no. 11,1935 年11月，？？.1 370- 1 392，也許與圖3與4八-〇舉例說明之相調 變方案結合。Chireix技術的應用需要一對如圖5舉例說明 之調變振盪器2 1 0，2 1 2的使用。特別地，”出相調 變控制單元2 0 4自資料輸入訊號2 0 0與參考振盪器2 0 2產生一對相經調變的訊號2 0 6，2 0 8。這些訊號 被用在兩調變振盪器2 1 0，2 1 2的訊號參考璋。與C h 1 r e i X的出相調變技術一致，兩參考訊號係自控制 單元2 0 4建構以致於經產生的振盪器輸出的結果定相器 總和是期望的相與振幅經調變的輸出訊號。在此公開之發 明中，上述參考的文章詳細說明之阻抗配對2 1 4，2 1 6與功率組合器2 1 8之加總功能由使用在2 1 8加總之 空間性的功率組合與準光學瀘波器之準光學地或使用經導 波補償（如波導濾波器，”魔術T ” ，正模式換能器，或 W 1 1 k 1 n s ο η組合器）而完成。 爲了改進效率與相/振幅正確性同時地合倂上述之兩 振幅調變技術也是可能的。個別的振盪器可以設有透過控 制電極之直接振幅調變以提供兩或更多振幅之分離的步驟 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )Α4規格（210X297公釐） -15 - 510978 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（13 ) 制電極之直接振幅調變以提供兩或更多振幅之分離的步驟 。在最簡單的版本中，兩振盪器可以相正交被運轉’隨著 設有簡單開/關調變之各振盪器。這可以被用以產生 Q P S K或8 Q A Μ調變。對更複雜的調變方案，具兩常 數振幅相經調變的振盪器之Chireix的出相調變可以根據由 操作具兩或更分離的振幅步驟之各振盪器而改進。較低的 振幅所有輸出將接著自較小的振幅個別振盪器輸出的定相 器總和而獲得。這將改進效率以及低的振幅所有輸出的相 與振幅正確性。 因此已說明的發明的示範實施例，進一步的變更，修 改，以及改進也將由那些熟悉此技術之人想到將是明顯的 。進一步，本技術與系統不限於使用當作一技術是明顯的 。因此，發明僅由下列申請專利範圍所定義。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -16 - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)、 1T This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) 510978 A7 B7 Intellectual property of the Ministry of Economics ¾ Printed by employee consumer cooperatives 5. Description of invention (3) The installation requires significant output power levels (such as > 5 watts). Also, the resonator can be used to provide feedback to couple the active device to form a high power oscillator. A non-modulation source architecture, known as "K 1 m oscillator", is based on 1 Kim, EA Sovero, JB Hacker, MP De Lisio, JJ Rosenberg, DB Rutledge, "6 using a grid amplifier with twisted reflector 5 Gh z — 1 1 · 5 G Η z source, "IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Technology, October 1 993, Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 1772-1774, description. The basic idea of the oscillator is to use external feedback to the gate amplifier to sense it to oscillation. Figure 2A shows the essentials of the standard Kim oscillator disclosed therein. Figure 2B shows an exploded view of the actual architecture of a standard Kim oscillator. As can be seen, the twisted reflector 40, containing the named polarizer 42 and the mirror 44, rotates the y-polarization of the portion of the amplified output beam according to its incidence and reflects it back to the input of the gate amplifier. The polarizer 4 2 of the twisted reflector_ 40 can be regarded as a perfect reflector for the polarized energy along its wiring and the invisible energy for polarizations perpendicular to each other. Grid amplifier active arrays provide gain and gain compression. The frequency selectivity (tuning) of the feedback is completed by the phase delay 41, which is mainly set by the actual separation "d" of the grid array and the torsional reflector. The output polarizer 48 provides isolation from the input polarization and impedance pairing of the input polarization. Another type of grid oscillator is a voltage controlled quasi-optical oscillator. T. Mader, S. Bundy, ZB Popovic, "quasi-optical VC0s," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Technology, October 1993, Vol. · 41, No. 10, pp. 1775-1781, published. Unfortunately, this V Co, when tuned, produces a relatively small output power and has a relatively narrow tuning range. Jade paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 Public Manager 1-6-~ _ ----------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order 510978 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) Generates relatively small output power and has a relatively narrow tuning range. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Including the grid oscillator of the external torsional reflector feedback network ("K im Oscillators) are conventionally tuned by mechanically shifting the frequency of the feed-back network along the axis of the beam transmitted through the grid. Unfortunately, the actual need to move the reflector to tune the device is undesirable for several reasons. Transfer mechanism The increase in volume increases volume and is expensive for highly reproducible structures. Mechanical tuning can be inaccurate and slow. Further, the oscillator cannot modulate its output signal. Therefore 'the right kind of device is inaccurate for most applications The electrical tuning of a grid oscillator with a twisted reflector has been proposed as a possible solution. One solution must be to introduce a varactor and load a structure called a chirped waver instead of a polarizer called a twisted reflector. This solution Direct phase modulation of the grid oscillator should be allowed, but special processing units are needed to generate the § weekly variable signal applied to the varactor, and special commercial amplifiers to properly drive the varactor. These additional components are Oscillators may increase cost and complexity. Therefore, there is a limited need for grid oscillators that do not require such special circuits for tuning and modulation. The invention is printed and invented by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, which meets the requirements of the present invention. This needs to be a quasi-optical power signal source for electrical tuning and modulation. The power signal source includes a quasi-optical grid array with an output that obtains an output signal, and the frequency and phase of the input signal to generate the output of the oscillator. The mechanism of the frequency and phase reference signal of the function, so that the oscillator output bears the predetermined relationship between the frequency and phase of the reference signal. The grid array oscillator includes a grid amplifier with input and output and a predetermined distance from -7- Standards apply to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) 510978 Μ B7 V. Description of invention (5) (Please read the back first (Please note again on this page) The twisted reflector separated by the amplifier. In a preferred embodiment, the generating mechanism is an oscillator that accepts an external injection-locked reference signal with a frequency and phase defined as a function of time Relevant input ports. The electrical phase modulation described by this invention allows it to utilize signals typically generated with conventional transmitter systems. These phase-modulated signals are usually transmitted at the transmission frequency (or a segment thereof). Generates the output of the up-converter and applies it to the pre-amplifier (or amplified frequency multiplier) before the final power amplification stage. This allows for a reduction in the number of parts and simplification of the entire transmitter system. The input port of the present device may be located Any position in the oscillator. In a preferred embodiment, the input port is located in a twist reflector. More specifically, the twist reflector includes a mirror and an angular polarizer associated with the mirror, and the input port is located in the mirror of the twist reflector. In another embodiment of the power signal source of the present invention, the input port is located at the input of the gate amplifier. In yet another embodiment, the input port is located at the output of the gate amplifier. In still another embodiment, the input signal is located at the output of the oscillator. Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The reference signal source applied to Wei Wei may take several different forms to achieve the same oscillator output. For example, in one embodiment, the output of the oscillator tracks the frequency and phase of the reference signal in a one-to-one relationship. That is, the frequency and phase of the oscillator output are substantially the same as the frequency and phase of the input reference signal of the reference port. In addition, the frequency and phase of the oscillator output may be several times the frequency and phase of the reference signal. In another aspect of the present invention, a quasi-optical power signal source for electrical tuning and modulation is disclosed. The source includes a grid amplifier's polarization feedback structure and a quasi-optical grid array oscillator that obtains an output signal output, and the receiver has a Chinese standard (CNS) A4 specification <2ΐ〇χ297 mm for this paper standard 510978 A7 ____B7 _ V. Description of the invention (6) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The reference input port related to the frequency of the function of time and the phase of the external injection lock reference signal oscillator, so that the oscillator The output is subjected to a predetermined relationship between the frequency and phase of the reference signal. The oscillator of the invention may also serve as a new amplitude modulator. In one aspect, the power signal sources for electrical tuning and modulation include a quasi-optical grid oscillator with an output that obtains an output signal, a reference input port, and a controller that adjusts the amplitude of the output signal of the oscillator. The reference port may be located anywhere on the oscillator. The chirp accepts a reference input port associated with an oscillator that has a frequency determined as a function of phase and external injection to lock the reference signal so that the oscillator output withstands the predetermined relationship between the frequency and phase of the reference signal. In one aspect of the present invention, the mechanism for controlling the amplitude of the output is an external voltage modulator connected to an oscillator that directly controls the control bias of the oscillator. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In another aspect of the invention, a system for power signal sources for electrical tuning and modulation is disclosed. The system includes two quasi-optical grid oscillators each having an output signal, which is where the output signals are added together. It also includes a phase modulation control unit that supplies each gate oscillator with its own phase-modulated reference signal. Using this technique, called Chkeix technology, the sum of the phaser of the oscillator outputs the desired phase and amplitude modulated signal. In one embodiment, the outputs of the two oscillators are summed in free space. In addition, the output of the two oscillators is summed up by the guided wave power combination. The two amplitude modulation techniques described above may also be combined to result in a more efficient and accurate quasi-optical AM modulation oscillator. In particular, the above dual oscillator system using Chi eix phase modulation technology may also use direct amplitude modulation to each oscillator, so that the amplitude of the output of the first oscillator is directly applicable to China in accordance with this paper scale. National Standard (CNS) M specification (210x 297 mm) ^ 510978 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) The ~ external voltage modulator is modulated and the amplitude of the output of the second oscillator is directly following the second external voltage Modulator modulation. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) A method for electrically tuning and modulating a quasi-optical grating oscillator with signal output is disclosed. The method includes applying a reference signal to the oscillation And adjust the reference signal to the desired frequency and phase so that the oscillator output withstands the predetermined relationship between the frequency and phase of the reference signal. Brief description of the figure Figure 1 is one of the differential pair cells with an enlarged array. An exploded view of a conventional quasi-optical grid array; Figure 2 A is the function of a standard, quasi-optical grid array source ("K 1 m oscillator"); * Figure 2 B shows a standard Kim oscillation Exploded view of the actual architecture of FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the actual architecture of an embodiment of the present invention, whereby the twist reflector of the conventional Kim oscillator is suitable for the reference signal input port; the employee of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs consumes The cooperative prints FIG. 4A, which is a functional summary of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a quasi-optical grid array oscillator is incorporated in a torsional reflector of an active array to introduce a phase modulation scheme for generating signals; FIG. 4B is The functional summary of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a quasi-optical grid array oscillator is introduced into a gate amplifier input port to generate a phase modulation scheme of a signal; FIG. 4C is a function of a preferred embodiment of the present invention Important: The standard paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) _Chuan-510978 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (8) The optical grid array oscillator is introduced at the output of the gate amplifier. Signal phase modulation scheme; (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Figure 4 〇 is a functional summary of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the quasi-optical grid array oscillator is vibrating The output combination of the generator is introduced to generate a phase modulation scheme of the signal; and FIG. 5 is a functional summary of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the out-phase modulation is applied with an oscillator that is modulated by a plane. Table 10 Gate amplifier 12 Active gate 14 Transistor 18 Input polarizer 2 4 Output polarizer 16 Input signal 20 Horizontally polarized input antenna 2 2 Vertically polarized antenna 30 Vertically polarized output beam 4 0 Twist Reflector 4 2 Polarizer 4 4 Mirror 4 1 Phase Delay 4 6 Amplifier 4 8 Output Polarizer Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X 297 mm) -1-510978 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (913 0 14 8 1 4〇14 6 14 4 14 2 1 5〇6 0 1 6〇16 2 16 4 16 6 1 7 0 1 8〇2 1 0 2 12 2 0 0 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 2 4 6 8 4 K 1 m oscillator output polarizer twist reflector active grid array mirror polarized reference signal input port reference signal y Phase delay of polar dike signal path Rotating X Polarized Plutonium Oscillator Output Modulation Oscillator Modulation Oscillator Data Input Signal Reference Oscillator Phase Modulation Control Unit Phase Modulated Signal Phase Modulated Signal Impedance Pairing Impedance Pairing Power Combination器 I ------- ^^ 衣-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) The size of the paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297mm) -12-510978 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 _V. Description of the Invention (10) Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment The invention disclosed herein belongs to a quasi-optical grating oscillation including a reference input port placed at any position of the oscillator Device. Fig. 3 shows the actual fabrication of such an embodiment. The K 1 m oscillator 1 3 0 includes an active grid array 1 4 6 sandwiched between an output polarizer 1 4 8 and a torsional reflector 1 4 0. The twisted reflector includes a mirror 1 4 4 and a named polarizer 1 4 2. In this embodiment, the reference signal input port 150 is drilled into the mirror 14 of the torsional reflector 140. As soon as the time-dependent frequency and phase are relatively small, a reference signal 60 is simply introduced into the reference input port. As discussed below, this reference port may be located in a different location from the K i m edger in the same manner as the device shown in FIG. 3. Fig. 4A is a functional explanation explaining the operation of the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3, in which the quasi-optical grid array oscillator is incorporated into the active array's twisted reflector to introduce a phase modulation scheme for generating a signal. In particular, the gate amplifier 1 4 6 produces an output signal at its output or “y-polarization”: 1 6 0. As seen in the sJl 5 tiger path 1 6 2, part of the signal is received by the output polarizer 1 4 8 and part of the signal is dissipated on the torsional reflector 1 4 0, which introduces a phase delay of 1 6 4 and a polarization rotation of 1 6 6 . This signal bounces off the reflector and acts as an X-polarized signal to the grid array along 172 times. This return signal is received at the X polarized port 170 of the grid amplifier 1 46 and blocked by the output polarizer 1 48. The modulated phase or modulated frequency reference signal 60 is introduced into the reference signal port 150, which in this embodiment is located inside the torsional reflector 40. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210x297 male sauce) -13- 510978 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11) (Please read the notes on the back first Please fill in this page for more details.) The free-running frequency should be displayed by the oscillator. The oscillator will be generated to the frequency and phase reference signal 60. The reference signal in this concept is the external injection lock signal. It should be understood that "generating" as used herein does not need to mean real-time tracking of the reference signal. Instead, the term refers to an action in which the output of the oscillator will reach its frequency which will substantially match the frequency of the reference signal and its phases will withstand a substantially fixed relationship of the phases of a pair of reference signals. In addition, the reference signal 60 does not need to be at the desired output frequency, but can replace a whole segment (such as half, one third) operating at the desired operating frequency, because the oscillator can be generated by the harmonics of the reference signal. An understanding of the power of a particular oscillator, quickly acquired by a person familiar with the art, will cause him to predetermine the relationship between the frequency and phase of the oscillator output and the frequency and phase of the reference signal. Knowing this predetermined relationship will cause him to construct a reference signal to obtain the desired output. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 B — 4 D shows another functional solution of the frequency / phase modulation technology shown in FIG. 4 A. With the reference signal at another point of the oscillator, or the port is imported . Therefore, FIG. 4B shows the same scheme as in FIG. 4A as the reference signal 60 is substantially located at the input 璋 1 70 of the gate amplifier 46 and the reference port 1 50 of FIG. 4. Figure 4C shows the generated signal introduced at the output port 160 of the amplifier, and Figure 4D shows the signal introduced at the output 180 of the oscillator. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the coexisting amplitude modulation can also be performed by using an oscillator. Direct amplitude modulation can be applied to the control electrode of the active device of the array (such as the gate of a field effect transistor or a bipolar battery. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -14-510978 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The base of the crystal is adjusted. Time-varying voltages applied to control lines connected to control electrodes of individual devices will produce amplitude modulation of the oscillator output. The control voltage will cause, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation (Q A M) as the phase-modulated reference signal is synchronized. The Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed another method to achieve amplitude modulation, Chireix AM technology described by H. Chireix, "High Power Out-of-Phase Modulation", Proc. IRE, vol. 23, no. 11, November 1935? ? .1 370-1 392, perhaps in combination with the phase modulation schemes illustrated in Figures 3 and 48-O. The application of Chireix technology requires the use of a pair of modulated oscillators 2 1 0, 2 1 2 as illustrated in Figure 5. In particular, the “out-of-phase modulation control unit 2 0 4 generates a pair of phase-modulated signals 2 0 6, 2 8 from the data input signal 2 0 0 and the reference oscillator 2 0 2. These signals are used in two The signal reference of the modulation oscillator 2 1 0, 2 1 2 is consistent with the phase modulation technology of C h 1 rei X. The two reference signals are constructed from the control unit 2 0 4 so that the generated oscillator output The resulting phaser sum is the desired phase and amplitude modulated output signal. In the invention disclosed herein, the impedance pairings 2 1 4, 2 1 6 and power combiner 2 1 8 detailed in the above referenced article are detailed The overall function consists of using the power combination of 2 1 8 plus the spatiality and the quasi-optical ground of the quasi-optical chirp or using guided wave compensation (such as waveguide filter, "Magic T", positive mode transducer, or W 1 1 k 1 ns ο η combiner). It is also possible to combine the two amplitude modulation techniques described above in order to improve efficiency and phase / amplitude accuracy. Individual oscillators can be provided with direct amplitude through the control electrode Steps of modulation to provide two or more amplitude separations Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) -15-510978 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 5. Invention Description (13) Direct amplitude modulation of the electrode to provide two or more Multi-amplitude separation step. In the simplest version, two oscillators can be run orthogonally with each oscillator with simple on / off modulation. This can be used to generate QPSK or 8 QA Μ Modulation. For more complex modulation schemes, the out-of-phase modulation of Chireix with two constant-amplitude phase-modulated oscillators can be improved based on each oscillator with two or more separate amplitude steps. Lower The output of all amplitudes will then be obtained from the sum of the phasers of the output of the individual oscillators of smaller amplitudes. This will improve the efficiency and the correctness of the phase and amplitude of all the outputs of low amplitudes. Therefore, the exemplary embodiment of the invention described Further changes, modifications, and improvements will also be apparent to those who are familiar with this technology. Further, it is obvious that this technology and system is not limited to use as a technology. Here, the invention is defined only by the following claims the scope of this paper scale applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X 297 mm) - 16 - (Please read the Notes on the back to fill out this page)