508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明係有關於介於一攜帶式物體與一終端機之間的 非接觸式通訊。 已知非接觸式之資料交換；在該技術之諸應用之中， 本申請案為非限定方式之接入控制與長途電話，例如，用 於輸送之接入與長途輸送。 在此例示中，每一位使用者被提供以“非接觸式卡” 或非接觸式標記”類型之攜帶式物體，該攜帶式物體能 夠以一個固定的終端機或站藉由移動該攜帶式物體靠近至 該終端機或站處以致於允許一種相互非機械性連結（在此 所用之辭終端機”，在本案係指一適用於與攜帶式物體 配合操作之資料無線電收發機）。 本發明係有關於數個攜帶式物體可以同時地呈現於終 端機的作用範圍内之特定狀況，且該處無物理構件存在， 例如，該範圍内為分離一個單一物體之到達之一個時間片 段的插入。 該物體為以所選之該等攜帶式物體的其中一個行資料 交換。為達此目的，-個唯-或準唯_之標識符號被給鱼 至各個攜帶式物體。若-個攜帶式物體在該終端機的範圍 内’該揭帶式物體發射其之標識符號至該終端機。若數個 攜帶式物體同時地響應’此傳遞會被干擾。然而，若該終 端機正痒地接收-個標識符號，然㈣終端機送出一個含 有該標識符號之訊息，只有當該標識符號與其等本身之 識符號-致時’該等接收該訊息之卡才處理該訊息，因 在此情況下觸發該終端機與-個特定卡之間的資料交換 標此 請 先 面 之 注508500 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. This invention is about contactless communication between a portable object and a terminal. Known contactless data exchange; Among the applications of this technology, this application is an access control and long-distance telephone in a non-limiting manner, for example, access and long-distance transmission. In this example, each user is provided with " "Contactless card" or "contactless tag" type of portable object, which can be moved to the terminal or station by moving the portable object at a fixed terminal or station so as to allow a mutual Non-mechanical connection (term terminal used here) refers to a data radio transceiver suitable for cooperation with a portable object in this case. The present invention relates to the fact that several portable objects can be presented to the terminal at the same time. Specific conditions within the scope of the machine, and there are no physical components there, for example, the range is a time slice of the arrival of a single object The object is exchanged with one of the selected portable objects. To this end, a unique or quasi-only identification symbol is given to each portable object. If-a The portable object is within the range of the terminal 'The strip object transmits its identification symbol to the terminal. If several portable objects respond at the same time' this transmission will be disturbed. However, if the terminal is itchy To receive an identification symbol, but the terminal sends a message containing the identification symbol, and only when the identification symbol and its own identification symbol are the same-the cards that receive the message will process the message, so here In the case of triggering the data exchange between the terminal and a specific card, please note first
I 旁 訂 # 本紙張尺度適用中國國——準（CNS〉心_ 21GX2974公慶丁 508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 2 就藉由不同攜帶式物體所發射之該等信號也許同時彼 此互相重疊來說，該終端機必須設有一個“抗衝突，，機 構，使該終端機能夠檢測此等狀況且能夠藉由該等攜帶式 物體去處理該等信號之轉發。 目前存在之常見的不同抗衝突類型： • “時間片段式的招呼”，其中每一個該等攜帶式 物體在一段超出數個由該等卡隨機選擇之預先界定的時間 區間（該等“時間片段，，）中，反應至一個藉由該終端機所 發射之全呼，且然後該終端機只選擇其中一個用以對話（見 FR-A-2 666 187)。藉由一卡反應至該呼叫之機率為1〇〇% 。 若一卡之反應在一個時間片段中單獨被發現到，則選擇成 功。 • 機率性的”，其中每一個卡反應至隨著在該終 機中所接收的諸應答之間的衝突而來的一個全啤之機率 為少於100%且降至獲得一個單一響應為止（參見1997年3 月3曰發明名稱為“在一個非接觸式交換資料之系統中管 理衝突的方法，，法國專利申請案第97 〇25〇1號）。該全呼 可能包括在該前面的全呼期間之一個簡單的衝突指數或沒 有，在此情況下，如在EP-A-0 7〇2 324中，該卡界定其反 應應答機率的增加或減少，但是，較佳地，如在法國專利 I請案第97 〇25()1號中，該全呼包括藉由該終端機根據衝 突史所界定之-個參數且此為該界定卡響應機率之參數的 值〇 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明基於一種組成，該組成為兩個系統之某些方面I 订 定 # This paper size applies to China——quasi (CNS> heart_ 21GX2974 Gongqing Ding 508500 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () 2 The signals emitted by different portable objects may overlap each other at the same time In other words, the terminal must be provided with an "anti-collision," a mechanism that enables the terminal to detect these conditions and to handle the forwarding of these signals by the portable objects. Commonly existing different anti- Types of conflict: • "Time-sliced greetings", where each of these portable objects is reflected in a period of time that exceeds several pre-defined time intervals randomly selected by the cards (the "time-slices,") A full call transmitted by the terminal, and then the terminal selects only one of them for dialogue (see FR-A-2 666 187). The probability of responding to the call by a card is 100% If the response of a card is found separately in a time segment, then the selection is successful. • Probabilistic ", where each card responds to the impact between the responses received in the terminal. The chance of a full beer coming is less than 100% and it is reduced to a single response (see March 3, 1997 invention titled "Method of Managing Conflicts in a Contactless System for Exchanging Data, France (Patent Application No. 97 0025〇1). The full call may include a simple conflict index or not during the previous full call, in this case, as in EP-A-0 702 324 The card defines the increase or decrease of its response probability, but preferably, as in French Patent I Application No. 97 〇25 () 1, the full call includes being defined by the terminal based on the conflict history -This parameter is the value of the parameter that defines the response probability of the card. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-Ordered by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Become some aspect of both systems
508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) ^ ' 可被有利地合併，以獲得一個介於不同因素間之折衷改 良，该等因素影響此系統之性能，諸如同時存在可被處理 之攜帶式物體的最大數目、能使所有最後存在之攜帶式物 體響應之該全呼叫週期的持續時間以及在一個攜帶式物體 單獨存在下（通常最常出現之情況）該全呼叫週期的持續時 間。 亦，數種不同的攜帶式物體群體同時存在下，具有一 個拼合系統為有利的，其中一個單一終端機可以與不 同類型的攜帶式物體且甚至與類型混合攜帶式物體同樣地 操作良好；亦較佳地，一個拼合攜帶式物體與預定只作一 種抗衝突方法類型之用的終端機操作。 更明確地，本發明為包含下列連續步驟之類型的方 法：a)該終端機發出呼叫訊息給該等攜帶式物體；y該 攜帶式物體響應於該呼叫以一個也許小於1〇〇%之機率有 條件地發送一訊息至該終端機，該響應含有一個特定於該 攜帶式物體的識別符號；c)接收機接收來自一個經識別 攜帶式物體之響應，及於沒有與由另一個攜帶式物體所送 出之-個響應衝突的響應時，由該終端機與該經識別攜帶 式物體建立-特定資料通訊連結，且資料接著進行交換， 然後’此方法回到步驟a)以進行一個新的循環；以及；以 及d)在沒有無衝突接收狀況出現的情形下，此方法即回 到步驟a)以進行一個新的循環。 根據本發明，該終端機發出二種類型的呼叫訊息：把 由該等摸帶式物體所作響應機率值初始化之査詢訊息；以 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4jgT7T〇X297lv釐）-~—-- (請先閲资背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 及接連在查詢訊息後發出之標識物訊息，該等標識物訊息 適於使該等攜帶式物體依意願而定地于接收到一個標識物 訊息時以及在先前未對一個呼叫訊息作任何響應的情形 下，調變該機率值。 在不同有利的實施例中： •該等攜帶式物體在緊接於接收標識物訊息之動作 後的一些時間間隙内選擇性地進行響應動作，特 別地，一時間間隙係由該該攜帶式物體在接收到 一個查詢訊息時抽出一個隨機或假隨機數而以一 個機率方式來選擇；該終端機在檢測知一個衝突 時再度發出一個詢問訊息；在接收到一個標識物 訊息時以及在先前未對一個呼叫訊息作響應的情 形下，該攜帶式物體依接收到一個標識物訊息時 被修改之指數值的函數，調變該機率值，特別是 每在一個新的標識物訊息被接收時即被增量，2 在接收到一個接續的詢問訊息時被重新初始化一 個指數； •該終端機於在一段預定時期内無任何來自一個 識別攜帶式物體的響應時，將二個接連呼叫訊 之間的時間間隔縮短，·且 •藉由攜帶式物體至呼叫訊息，該攜帶式物體可符 由接收由該終端機所發出且含有一個與該攜帶： 物體之識別符號相對應的識別符號之一特殊χ 息，加以抑制，而不能對呼叫訊息作出響應； 經 i 错 訊 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )ϋ ( 2!0X297lv釐） 此 • m m · 508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 一抑制狀態會在該攜帶式物體初始化時及/或在它 接收到用於該目的之一個訊息時被移除。 '·· {請先閲讀背面之注意事¾再填寫本頁〕 發明之詳細說.明 本發明之方法的詳細敘述並顯示其不同之實施例如 下。 首先，將描述法國申請案第97 02501號中的機率系統 且亦指出其所使用的標記符號。再者，因為攜帶式物體通 常為卡的形式，因此為方便起見，該等攜帶式物體將被通 稱為“卡”，而無特性之限制。 •該讀出器以重複的方式發出全呼，該全呼包括一 個含有一參數P之詢問訊息（此後以“查詢，，表 示）’且然後該讀出器將其本身置於接收任何也許 來自一卡之響應的狀況中。每一個檢測查詢之卡 以一機率，該機率為P及一個在該卡中所抽出的隨 機數目X之函數，決定是否響應。該卡的響應（或 對查*旬之回答’’，ATQ)包括至少一個對每一個卡 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 為單獨的識別符號，且可任選地包括其他識別元 件。 •在之後的步驟中，該讀出器發出至少一個含有該 識別符號之應用訊息，且只有具有該識別符號響 應之卡（即，該等卡為這個或這些後來的訊息進行 與其等之識別符號比較的步驟）。 •可選擇地，一個應用訊息伴隨一個由該讀出器所 選之較短的識別符號。在該等應用訊息接著用於 ------- >«-_ 各紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公楚)-—- 508500508500 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (3) ^ 'can be advantageously combined to obtain a compromise improvement between different factors that affect the performance of the system, such as the simultaneous existence of portable objects that can be processed The maximum number, the duration of the full call cycle that enables all last-present portable objects to respond, and the duration of the full call cycle in the presence of a portable object alone (usually the most common case). Also, in the presence of several different groups of portable objects at the same time, it is advantageous to have a split system, in which a single terminal can operate as well as different types of portable objects and even with mixed types of portable objects; Preferably, a piece of portable object is operated with a terminal intended to be used only as a type of anti-collision method. More specifically, the present invention is a type of method comprising the following sequential steps: a) the terminal sends a call message to the portable objects; y the portable object responds to the call with a probability that may be less than 100% Conditionally sending a message to the terminal, the response contains an identification symbol specific to the portable object; c) the receiver receives a response from an identified portable object, and When a response conflict is sent, the terminal establishes a specific data communication link with the identified portable object, and the data is then exchanged, and then the method returns to step a) to perform a new cycle. ; And d) In the absence of a collision-free reception situation, the method returns to step a) to perform a new cycle. According to the present invention, the terminal issues two types of call messages: a query message that initializes the response probability values made by these touch-type objects; the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4jgT7T0X297lv cents is applied to this paper size-~ --- (Please read the notes on the back of the fund before filling out this page) Order the printing of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to print 508500 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention Identifier messages sent after the message. These identifier messages are suitable for the portable objects to adjust as desired when receiving an identifier message and in the event that they have not previously responded to a call message. In different advantageous embodiments: • The portable objects selectively perform a response action within a certain time interval immediately after the action of receiving the identifier message. In particular, a time interval is caused by When the portable object receives a query message, it extracts a random or pseudo-random number and selects it in a probabilistic manner; the terminal When the device detects a conflict, it sends an inquiry message again; upon receiving an identifier message and in the case that it has not previously responded to a call message, the portable object is modified according to the receipt of an identifier message The function of the index value modulates the probability value, especially it is incremented every time a new identifier message is received, 2 the index is re-initialized when a subsequent inquiry message is received; In the absence of any response from a portable object within a predetermined period of time, the time interval between two consecutive call messages is shortened, and • by the portable object to the call message, the portable object can be received by A special χ message sent by the terminal and containing an identification symbol corresponding to the identification symbol of the carried object is suppressed, but cannot respond to the call message; i error {Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again for this matter} This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) ϋ (2! 0X297lv ％) This • mm · 508500 A7 B7 5 Description of the invention (A suppression state will be removed when the portable object is initialized and / or when it receives a message for that purpose. '·· {Please read the note on the back first ¾ then fill out this page ] Detailed description of the invention. The detailed description of the method of the invention and its different implementation examples are shown below. First, the probability system in French application number 97 02501 will be described and the symbols used will be indicated. Because portable objects are usually in the form of cards, for convenience, these portable objects will be collectively referred to as "cards" without restrictions on characteristics. • The reader issues a full call in a repeating manner, the The full call includes an interrogation message (hereinafter referred to as "query,") containing a parameter P 'and then the reader places itself in a condition to receive any response that may come from a card. Each card that detects a query has a probability, which is a function of P and a random number X drawn in the card, to decide whether to respond. The card's response (or answer to the question * ', ATQ) includes at least one card for each card printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs as a separate identification symbol, and may optionally include other identification elements. • In a subsequent step, the reader sends out at least one application message containing the identification code, and only the card that has the identification code response (ie, the cards carry the identification code for this or these subsequent messages) Comparison steps). • Optionally, an application message is accompanied by a shorter identification symbol selected by the reader. In these application messages, it is then used for ------- > «-_ Each paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 Gongchu)---508500
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 該第一個應用訊息之卡的規定中，該較短的識別 符號將被使用於該起始單獨的識別符號之取代 (在降低被交換資料體積之目的中）。(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} In the first application message card requirement, the shorter identification symbol will be replaced by the initial identification symbol (reducing the information being exchanged Volume purpose).
-、1T 該單獨的識別符號可為，例如，一個預定的序列 數字或一個在四個8-位元位元組的隨機數字。此 第二個選擇具有不使卡從一種用途到另一種用途 被辨識的優點，藉此避免藉由該單獨識別符號機 構去追蹤該卡之用途。對於一個隨機識別符號， 該識別符號將藉由每一個初始化中或查詢接收中 之卡被選，且該識別符號也許藉由所選響應的順 序被使用，在一種如以上所提“時間片段式的招呼，， 變化之相同類型的方法中。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明藉由造成該機率根據於先前的詢問期間該卡已 響應與否之卡的計算尋求以決定該卡對來自讀出器之詢問 的訊息響應的機率。此假設可變狀態存在於代表這些過去 決定（之後的表示I )之該卡中。該詢問的查詢訊息，如法 國專利第97 02501號之系統，較佳地包含一個機率調變參 數p，雖然該特徵為可任意選擇的。 特別簡單地，在第一個實施例A中: a) 該讀出器以規律的方式發出詢問，該所有的詢 問為相同且無任何參數； b) 在其被切換或在其進入該範圍中，該卡起始於 一個内部可變1 = 1 ;以及 c)在接收來自該讀出器之任何呼叫，該卡隨機地選擇-, 1T The individual identification symbol may be, for example, a predetermined sequence number or a random number in four 8-bit bytes. This second option has the advantage that the card is not recognized from one use to another, thereby avoiding tracking the use of the card by the separate identification mechanism. For a random identification symbol, the identification symbol will be selected by each card in the initialization or inquiry reception, and the identification symbol may be used in the order of the selected response. Greetings, changes in the same type of method. The Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs' employee consumer cooperatives printed this invention to determine the card by causing the probability to be calculated based on the calculation of the card that has responded or not during the previous inquiry Probability of responding to an inquiry from a reader. This assumes that a variable state exists in the card representing these past decisions (represented by I). The inquiry message for the inquiry, such as the system of French patent 97 02501 , Preferably contains a probability modulation parameter p, although this feature is arbitrarily selectable. Particularly simply, in the first embodiment A: a) the reader issues queries in a regular manner, all of which The query is the same without any parameters; b) the card starts with an internal variable 1 = 1 when it is switched or it enters the range; and c) after receiving from the Any call from the reader, the card is randomly selected
在[1······1]範圍内之整數；若該所選數字為1， 則該卡在其所發出的識別符號中響應至來自該讀出 (請先軋讀背面)5·'注意事項再填寫本頁) 器之詢問，且起始於1=8 ;否則，該卡將I減少1且 不發出其之識別符號。 。、可見在步驟b)的結尾中，卡對讀出器之呼叫的響應機 率為1所有的卡響應至該第一個呼叫，之後在步驟幻的 結尾該機率為1/8。對接下來的啤叫，若該卡已經響應， 機率破重設至1/8 m要卡繼續不去響應，響應的機ss 率逐-人地通過1/7、1/6、1/5、1/4、1/3、1/2及工。因此， 介於該卡的二個響應之間至多有8個詢問通過，藉此保證 在至多8個詢問之内，該讀出器將識別該卡的識別符號， 從那時開始’該卡提供足夠靠近的時間去確保無錯誤之通 訊且提供無衝突之發生。 一變化給予該卡相同的運作方式，但簡化 隨機抽籤且至降低該數字： 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 c)在接收從該讀出器之一個呼叫中，該卡檢查I;若 1==1 ’該卡在發出其標識符號中響應至從該讀出器 之詢問，且該卡重新初始化I到一個在以…·8]範圍 中隨機所選的整數；否則，該卡將][減少1且該卡不 發出其之標識符號。 一種更普遍應用的改良在於該讀出器能夠參數化該卡 響應的機率；例如，它可為伴隨每一個詢問之一個被用於 步驟C)中的參數P代替常數8ϋ因此，該讀出器可供應一個 最佳值，例如，隨該讀出器有效的通訊範圍之大小的增加 ----------. 10-_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公瘦） 五、發明説明（8) ^加之值’及其之目的，（若該目的為增加數個卡同時 ，在的機率）而增加之值。—種額外的改良為，若該讀出 器檢測該等衝突，該讀出器增加該參數，且若該括出器未 檢測到該等衝突，則該讀出器減少該參數。^ ―種獨立於前述之可應用的改良存在於在來自該讀出 器之該，叫中提供另-個參數A，用以與一個在該^記 憶體中所紀錄之預定的值比較，根據比較的結果，所有變 應至一個啤叫被抑制。該抑制可以發生，例如，若識別在 讀出器中被預定之該應用類型（從錢包、銀行信用/借貸 卡、電話卡、許可進入游泳池的卡等中）的參數A與被紀 錄於該卡中之值並不相對應且代表該卡的目的之參數A， 不然的話，無元件存在於介於由該讀出器所處理且由A所 描述之應用組間的交叉中且該應用組藉由該卡被處理且於 該卡的5己憶體中被描述。藉由此改良，限制像要響應至那 些適切降低衝突機率之卡的數字。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 一個可獨立應用的改良為依據讀出器是否檢測一個來 自至少一卡的訊息之該讀出器改變該所發出詢問的速度： 在前面的詢問之後，若該讀出器檢測到無響應，然後下一 個洵問會比若該讀出器已經檢測到來自卡之響應更靠近該 前面的詢問。此效應為詢問的數目之增加，然而雖然如此， 若此一響應確實被接收，則該接收可能完全從一卡來該響 應。在無任何來自--^之被檢測的響應中，介於一個詢問 之結束與下一個詢問之起始間之該等待期間被選作為介於 一個詢問之結束與來自一卡之一個響應起始之間的最大期 -11 本紙張尺度適用中_家標準（CMS ) ( 21GX297公釐） 508500 A7 ................................... ........................................................... 丨咖1 ....... … β *7 _ 五、發明説明（9), 間之總合，加上至少需要用以啟動檢測卡之響應的讀出器 裝置的期間（特別地，一個檢測藉由該卡發出之副載波之 裝置）。 個可獨立應用之改良在於提供二種稱之為“查詢，， 及“識物的續出器詢問。查詢重新初始化響應的機率 (查詢可含有一個參數Ρ)。標識物造成一卡與一個根據該 卡先前是否已經響應而變化的機率響應。例如，此改良可 以變更實施例Α的方式如下： b)在被切換或在進入範圍中，該卡重新初始化該内部 變數1=0 ;且 e)在接收從該讀出器之一個呼叫中，該卡決定該卡是 否為查詢類型，且若是如此，則該卡重新初始化Σ至一個 在Π····8]之範圍中隨機選擇的整數，且然後與如同一個標 識物的情況一樣的相同方式作用。在二種情況中，若ι=ι 則該卡藉由發出其識別符號響應來自該讀出器的詢問。之 後’在所有的情況下，該卡將J減少1，除非I已經為〇。 可見在一個查詢之後，該卡的響應機率為1/8且然後， 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 若該卡持續不去響應，則在一個標識物之後，該機率連續 通過1/7、1/6、1/5、1/4、1/3、1/2及卜接著來自該卡的 個響應或在b)步驟結束之後’響應至一個標識物的機 率，右有的話，為0直到下一個查詢。一個有利的點為， 若參數P及/或A被使用，該參數僅需被用於查詢中。 當一卡已經接受一個應用的訊息，該訊息與該訊息本 身的識別符號相比較，不管短或長，已經有一個肯定結果， ---——一 _-12. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（21GX297公釐） 508500 A7 _______ B7 五、發明説明（1〇) 該卡儲存此事件且不再從該讀出器響應至一個查詢或一個 標識物直到一些特殊的事件已經發生，諸如該卡的重新初 始化作用及/或一個已經從一個讀出器接受具有一些特別 特徵的訊息。此使得該機構避免計數已經被處理的卡，籍 此降低衝突的機率且增加查詢及標識物當時的密度。 一種變化存在於藉由該讀出器已被編號之該標識物， 且存在於在該卡之響應的機率中已被考慮到之該增量的數 字；例如，設數字可與1(在不一致的情況下，被抑制之該 卡的響應）相比較，或更普遍地該數字可與在該卡中所含 有之可變狀態合併。 另一種變化在於藉由該卡所接收的信息之特定特徵 (諸如控制之總合）不一致的情況中，提供一個該可變狀態 之抑制及/或修改。 在本發明之一個更普遍地實施中，響應至查詢之該等 卡的機率為一個整數Μ及N的一個函數。是否響應的決定 在該卡中被考慮且包含以下步驟·· •Μ及Ν的數字決定，至少其中之一為1>的函數； 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 •抽出具有〇SX<N均勻分布隨機數字的整數χ， •若X小於Μ則響應，即具有m/N的機率。 此方法對應於已經存在之系統的二種特殊狀況·· •在一個機率系統的實施例中，N=64&M=p+l，即響 應的機率為（ρ+1)/64 ; •然後，在一個時間片段式的招呼類型的系統中，Ν=2ρ 且M=1，即響應的機率為1/(2Ρ)。 508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（n) 然而’在這二種情況中，只有參數Μ和N中之一個為 可變，另-個則被固定。事實為，在抗衝突函數特徵的選 請 先 閱· 讀 背 面 之一 注 意 事 項 再 填 馬 本 頁 擇中，該為可變之二者給予適應性的優點。 該二個參數為可被包含在全呼的訊息週期中之 數字，但是至少該等參數之—個亦可在該卡本身中被組成 或導出。在以下的實施例中，假設藉由終端機被發出之查 詢訊息含有一個定義數字且該查詢訊息可變動，: 如，以在法國專利第97 〇2501號中所描述的方式，如同在 本案較佳實施的一個實施例中。在檢測知衝突的函數中， 參數P動態地變動仍然可適用。 訂 在以下這些實施例中所描述之可變的不同參數可被單 獨與-個可變參數Μ的使用—起被使用，5戈其等可與數個 該等參數聯合，或甚至在不用任何參數Μ下，其等可數個 一起被使用。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 心例1 :查詢包括—個應用Α的選擇範圍，該應用Α 有條件地抑制從卡而來之響應；例如，若先前在ρ&χ的 條件均符合，且若Α與在該卡中所含之一個預定值相同 時，則卡響應。當數個卡為在該讀出器的範圍中時此使 得衝突的機率降低，但是可知只有那些藉由A所指出帶有 一個特定應用之卡為適於被處理。此在A上的條件當然可 以更複雜，例如，A可為一個應用的列表，若該等應用中 之任何一個為存於在該卡中貯存之應用列表内，則該卡響 應。 宜^111:查詢之後，該讀出器可發出一個或數個可和查 本紙張XAit用中家標準（CNS ) A4^ ( 2H)X 297公釐） 五、發明説明（) 127 詢區別開的“標識物，，訊息。這些標識物訊息可被使用以 计時該等來自卡的ATQ響應，藉此可以在響應動作及管理 上郎省時間。 數個可能的變化。 废:該等標識物訊息在該等卡中含有或允許一個指 數1(可選擇地，該等訊息亦將包括參數ρ及也許Α)的導出。 Ϊ在各個查詢的時候被初始化（例如，至〇)且在各個標識物 中被增量。此編號的機構可以在該讀出器中被實施或被包 括在標識物訊息中及/或在該卡中（在發出及/或查詢之接 收中’該卡初始化I至〇，且發出及/或標識物之接收中， 該卡增量I)。該編號的機構至少在該讀出器或該等卡中被 實施’以致於在標識物之接收中，I值為該等卡所認知。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在一個隨機抽出X中（Ρ及X可為一個前面的查詢或標 δ戠物且不需要在各個標識物被再計算），響應一個aTq至 標識物之卡為I及P的函數。自從該卡已經響應前面的查詢 之後，若該卡尚未響應，則該卡響應的機率較已經響應之 卡為尚。又’在一個標識物之後的衝突情況中，隨著I的 再啟動，該方法可回至查詢訊息且重複該呼叫周期，以致 於當無衝突時，在該終端機的範圍中，從該等卡響應之全 σΡ的機率增加，且當有衝突時，則減小。當一個資料交換 末了的訊息抑制所有來自於一個已經響應之卡的響應，至 少直到下一個全呼，此方法之例子具優勢。 代表地，A、ρ及該隨機抽出X，藉由該查詢訊息被界 定且該響應的條件為結果，在丽訊 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準THiTlii格（21GX2^釐）-一~~— 13; 五 、發明説明（ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 息之後(在周期重新開始之後，一個查詢及刪」標識物)， 所有的卡將被響應至少一次。 此改良提供_個“時間片段式的招呼”有利的特徵： L數P的任何值、對在該讀出器範圍中之一個單一卡以 及在無通訊錯誤下，確定在訊息2*N/M的一個有界數字中 收到該卡之識別符號至在該範圍中該卡之進入的計數，且 叙疋該卡只有響應來自該第一個被接受的標識物訊息。 ”可見，一個具有N/M時間片段之“時間片段式的招 呼與在時間片|又的開始藉由該讀出器在標識物發出中被 清楚地指示，代替藉由該等卡之定時進行中被隱含的，之 不同相比較所獲得之結果。關於該避免準確定時之“時間 片段式的招呼”，藉由經該讀出器之卡亦佳。另一個關 該機率系統之優點為，若在該等標識物中缺少p(及A， 上所述），標識物的持續時間較查詢的為短，且該卡不阳 要必須在每一個標識物上抽出另一個隨機數字，藉此更進 一步降低周期的持續時間。同樣地，該卡能夠有系統地響 應至第η個標識物，其中11為該卡的一個數字特徵，例如， 標識物之序列數字之一部分。 若該終端機只有發出查詢而無標識物，將可見該終端 機與該機率系統等效，且此實施例之該等卡與二個系統 終端機相容。 ··可預料在該或該等接續的應用訊息（特別是第 個應用訊息）中，該讀出器包括指數I，且其在應用訊拳、 範圍中與該卡之指數I相比較，與該卡在應用訊息的範 訂 於 如 需 之 的 圍 ____ -16- Μ氏張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐 508500 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 14; 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 中與其本身之識別符號比較相同；此為在該atq中，一種 選擇機構之選擇性無該識別符號範圍之延長的休息。 魅可預期㈣同時在該等標識物中被顯示且藉由 該卡被隱含，且該卡只有在有一致時才去響應；當被用於 除了前面的改良之外，此情況為主要的優點。 麵例3 ··在一個變化或除了該前面的實施例之外，該終 端機可變化在二個逐次標識物間的時間間隔。尤其是，若 終端機未接收到任何ATQ響應，則不再需要等候卡與終= 機間之資料交換的-般的時間長度。在這個實施例中，若 卡響應一個查詢或一個標識物，該查詢或標識物在一個最 大時間長度τ❹内發出一個信號（始於ATQ)，接著則為該查 詢或標識物之終了。該讀出器尋找此信號，且若在一段適 當時間長度該讀出器檢測的長度）内不存在有該 信號，接著則為查詢之終了，該讀出器立即發出一個新的 查询類型或標識物類型的訊息。在此信號存在下，查詢及 標識物的發出因此而被抑制直到從該等卡之發送的終了 (至少只要不超過一個與一個響應之所預期最大長度相當 之預定的時間T2，且/或只要在該卡或該等卡所接收的訊 息中，一個錯誤或一個衝突未被該讀出器所檢測到）。 該優點為許可該等卡之閱讀更快，因為藉由時間單 位’查詢（及/或標識物）的數字顯著地增加。在就查詢及 標識物而論，ATQ的持續時間為長的假定中，且特別地在 實施例1中所使用的系統中，藉由該卡響應的機會更多。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 tAn integer within the range of [1 ····· 1]; if the selected number is 1, the card responds to the reading from the identification symbol issued by it (please read the back first) 5 · 'Notes, please fill out this page again), and start with 1 = 8; otherwise, the card will reduce I by 1 and will not issue its identification symbol. . It can be seen that at the end of step b), the response probability of the card to the reader's call is 1. All cards respond to the first call, and then at the end of step magic, the probability is 1/8. For the next beer call, if the card has responded, the probability is reset to 1/8 m, the card will continue to not respond, and the probability of response will pass through 1/7, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2 and work. Therefore, at most 8 inquiries are passed between the two responses of the card, thereby ensuring that within up to 8 inquiries, the reader will identify the card's identification symbol, and from then on, the card will provide Close enough time to ensure error-free communication and provide conflict-free occurrences. A change gives the card the same mode of operation, but simplifies the random drawing and reduces the number: printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs c) The card checks I while receiving a call from the reader; if 1 == 1 'The card responded to the inquiry from the reader in issuing its identification symbol, and the card re-initialized I to an integer randomly selected in the range of ... 8; otherwise, the card will ] [Reduce 1 and the card does not issue its identification symbol. A more general application improvement is that the reader is able to parameterize the probability that the card responds; for example, it may be used instead of the constant 8 for the parameter P in step C) with each inquiry. Therefore, the reader Can provide an optimal value, for example, with the increase of the effective communication range of the reader ----------. 10-_ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210X297 male thin) V. Description of the invention (8) ^ value added and its purpose, (if the purpose is to increase the number of cards at the same time, the probability of being increased). An additional improvement is that if the reader detects the conflicts, the reader increases the parameter, and if the reader does not detect the conflicts, the reader decreases the parameter. ^-A kind of applicable improvement independent of the foregoing exists in providing another parameter A in the call from the reader, which is compared with a predetermined value recorded in the ^ memory, according to As a result of the comparison, all allergies were suppressed to one beer call. This suppression can occur, for example, if the parameter A and the application type (from wallet, bank credit / debit card, phone card, card permitted to enter the swimming pool, etc.) identified in the reader are identified in the card The value does not correspond to the parameter A that represents the purpose of the card, otherwise, no component exists in the intersection between the application groups processed by the reader and described by A and the application group uses The card is processed and described in the memory of the card. With this improvement, the number of cards to respond to those cards that appropriately reduce the probability of collisions is limited. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has printed an independently applicable improvement based on whether the reader detects a message from at least one card. The reader changes the speed of the inquiry: After the previous inquiry, if The reader detects no response, and the next challenge will be closer to the previous challenge than if the reader had detected a response from the card. This effect is an increase in the number of interrogations, but nevertheless, if this response is indeed received, the reception may come entirely from a card. In the absence of any detected response from-^, the waiting period between the end of one inquiry and the beginning of the next inquiry is selected as the end of an inquiry and the beginning of a response from a card Maximum period between -11 This paper size is applicable _ Home Standard (CMS) (21GX297 mm) 508500 A7 ............... ................................................ .... 丨 Coffee 1.... Β * 7 _ 5. The description of the invention (9), the sum of the time, plus at least The period during which a reader device is required to activate the response of the card (in particular, a device that detects the subcarriers sent by the card). One independently applicable improvement consists in providing two types of query called "query," and "continuer query". The probability of the query reinitializing the response (the query may contain a parameter P). The identifier causes a card to respond with a probability that changes based on whether the card has previously responded. For example, this improvement can change the way of embodiment A as follows: b) the card is re-initialized with the internal variable 1 = 0 after being switched or in the range; and e) in receiving a call from the reader, The card determines whether the card is a query type, and if so, the card re-initializes Σ to an integer randomly selected in the range of Π ... 8, and then is the same as in the case of an identifier Way effect. In both cases, if ι = ι then the card responds to the query from the reader by issuing its identification symbol. After that, in all cases, the card reduces J by 1, unless I is already zero. It can be seen that after an inquiry, the response probability of the card is 1/8 and then, printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. If the card continues to fail to respond, after a sign, the probability continuously passes 1/7 , 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and bu followed by a response from the card or after the end of step b), the probability of 'responding to a marker, if there is right, 0 until the next query. An advantage is that if the parameters P and / or A are used, the parameters need only be used in the query. When a card has accepted an application message, the message is compared with the identification symbol of the message itself, no matter whether it is short or long, there is already a positive result, ------- one_-12. This paper standard applies Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (21GX297 mm) 508500 A7 _______ B7 V. Description of the invention (1) The card stores this event and no longer responds from the reader to an inquiry or a marker until some special event has occurred , Such as the re-initialization of the card and / or a message that has received special characteristics from a reader. This allows the agency to avoid counting cards that have already been processed, thereby reducing the probability of conflicts and increasing the density of queries and markers at the time. A change exists in the identifier that has been numbered by the reader, and in the incremental number that has been taken into account in the probability of the card's response; for example, let the number be inconsistent with 1 (inconsistent The response of the card being suppressed), or more generally the number can be combined with the variable state contained in the card. Another variation is to provide a suppression and / or modification of the variable state in the event that certain characteristics of the information received by the card, such as the sum of controls, are inconsistent. In a more general implementation of the invention, the probability of the cards responding to a query is a function of an integer M and N. The decision whether to respond or not is taken into account in the card and includes the following steps: • A numerical decision of M and N, at least one of which is a function of 1 >; printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs • drawn out with 0SX < N is a uniformly distributed integer χ of random numbers. • If X is less than M, it responds, which has a probability of m / N. This method corresponds to two special conditions of an existing system ... In an embodiment of the probability system, N = 64 & M = p + l, that is, the probability of the response is (ρ + 1) / 64; then In a time-sliced greeting type system, N = 2ρ and M = 1, that is, the probability of response is 1 / (2P). 508500 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (n) However, in these two cases, only one of the parameters M and N is variable, and the other one is fixed. The fact is that in the selection of anti-collision function features, please read and read one of the notes on the back and then fill in the choices on this page, which should be variable to give the advantage of adaptability. The two parameters are numbers that can be included in the full call message period, but at least one of these parameters can also be composed or derived in the card itself. In the following embodiment, it is assumed that the inquiry message sent by the terminal contains a defined number and the inquiry message can be changed, for example, in the manner described in French Patent No. 97 2501, as in the present case. An embodiment of the best implementation. In the function for detecting conflicts, the dynamic change of the parameter P is still applicable. The different parameters that are variable as described in the following examples can be used alone with the use of a variable parameter M, 5 can be combined with several of these parameters, or even without any Under parameter M, several of them can be used together. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints heart example 1: The query includes a selection range of an application A that conditionally suppresses the response from the card; for example, if the previous conditions at ρ & χ all meet , And if A is the same as a predetermined value contained in the card, the card responds. This reduces the chance of collisions when several cards are in the range of the reader, but it is known that only those cards with a specific application indicated by A are suitable for processing. This condition on A can of course be more complicated, for example, A can be a list of applications, and if any of those applications is stored in the list of applications stored on the card, the card responds. Should be ^ 111: After the inquiry, the reader can send out one or several papers that can be compared with the XAit paper (A4 ^ (2H) X 297mm). 5. Explanation of the invention () 127 "Identifiers, messages. These identifier messages can be used to time the ATQ response from the card, thereby saving time in response actions and management. Several possible changes. Obsolete: these identifiers The physical information contains or allows the derivation of an index 1 in these cards (alternatively, the information will also include the parameters ρ and maybe A). 被 is initialized at the time of each query (for example, to 0) and at each time The identification is incremented. This numbering mechanism can be implemented in the reader or included in the identification message and / or in the card (in the issuing and / or receiving of the inquiry 'the card is initialized I To 0, and the card is incremented by 1) during the issue and / or reception of the label. The numbered organization is implemented at least in the reader or the cards', so that in the reception of the label, the value of I Recognized by these cards. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs In a random extraction of X (P and X can be a previous query or labeled δ 戠 and do not need to be recalculated at each marker), a card responding to an aTq to the marker is a function of I and P. Since this After the card has responded to the previous query, if the card has not yet responded, the card has a higher chance of responding than the card that has already responded. Also, in the case of a conflict after an identifier, this method can Return to the query message and repeat the call cycle, so that when there is no conflict, the probability of responding to the full σP from the cards in the range of the terminal increases, and decreases when there is a conflict. When a data The exchange of the last message suppresses all responses from a card that has already responded, at least until the next full call, an example of this method has the advantage. Representatively, A, ρ, and the random extraction X are defined by the query message and The conditions of this response are the result. In the paper standard of Lixun, the Chinese national standard THiTlii (21GX2 ^ centi) is applicable.-~~~ 13; 5. Description of the invention (printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economy After that (after the cycle restarts, one query and delete the "marker"), all cards will be responded at least once. This improvement provides _ a "time-segmented greeting" advantageous features: any value of the L-number P, right A single card in the range of the reader and without communication errors, it is determined that the identification number of the card is received in a bounded number of message 2 * N / M to the count of the card's entry in the range And, the card only responds to the message from the first accepted identifier. "It can be seen that a" time-segmented greeting with N / M time-slices and the time-slice | The device is clearly instructed in the issuance of the identifier, instead of the result obtained by comparing the differences that are implied by the timing of the cards. Regarding the "time-segment greeting" to avoid accurate timing, it is also preferable to pass a card through the reader. Another advantage of the probability system is that if p (and A, described above) is missing from these tags, the duration of the tag is shorter than that of the query, and the card must be in each tag Another random number is drawn from the object to further reduce the duration of the cycle. Similarly, the card can systematically respond to the n-th identifier, where 11 is a digital feature of the card, for example, part of the serial number of the identifier. If the terminal only sends inquiries without identification, it will be seen that the terminal is equivalent to the probability system, and the cards in this embodiment are compatible with the two system terminals. ·· It is expected that in this or such successive application messages (especially the first application message), the reader includes the index I, and it is compared with the card's index I in the range of application news, and The card's application information range is set as required. __ -16- The M's scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm 508500 A7 B7) 5. Description of the invention (14; Ministry of Economic Affairs intellectual property In the printing of the bureau ’s consumer cooperatives, it is the same as its own identification symbol; this is a rest in the atq, where the selectivity of the selection agency does not extend the range of the identification symbol. Charm can be expected to be at the same time in these signs It is shown and implied by the card, and the card responds only when there is agreement; this case is the main advantage when used in addition to the previous improvements. Example 3 ·· In a change or addition In addition to the previous embodiment, the terminal can change the time interval between two successive identifiers. In particular, if the terminal does not receive any ATQ response, it is no longer necessary to wait for the card and the terminal information. Exchanged- In this embodiment, if the card responds to a query or an identifier, the query or identifier sends a signal (starting from ATQ) within a maximum time period τ❹, and then the query or identifier At the end, the reader looks for this signal, and if the signal does not exist within a suitable length of time (the length detected by the reader), then the reader is finished, and the reader immediately sends a new query Type or identifier type message. In the presence of this signal, the issuance of inquiries and identifiers is therefore suppressed until the end of the transmission from such cards (at least as long as it does not exceed a predetermined length corresponding to the expected maximum length of a response). Time T2, and / or as long as an error or a conflict is not detected by the reader in the message received by the card or cards. This advantage is that permitting the reading of such cards is faster because The number of queries (and / or markers) by time units has increased significantly. In terms of queries and markers, the duration of the ATQ is long, and in particular Implementation of the system used in an example, the opportunity to respond by the card more. (Please read the Notes on the back to fill out this page) set t