TW504720B - Independent flow-through capacitor - Google Patents

Abstract

An independent flow-through capacitor (FTC) is disclosed in the present invention. In the invented capacitor, a hollow reel is formed by two concentrically wound electrodes and two separating rubber rods. The center opening of the reel is capable of being inserted with a tube for feeding liquid material so as to deliver the fluid to the FTC. The active material of the electrode is mainly formed by the hydrated ferrite oxide Fe3O4 based nanometer-particles or powder. When fluid is injected from the feeding material tube, through the channel formed by the separation rubber rod of the reel, the fluid is restricted inside the FTC to flow outwards through the entire electrode (the longest route) of FTC. When a DC voltage not larger than 1.0 volt is added to the electrode, the ionic material is absorbed and is removed immediately by the processed liquid once it contacts the electrode. When the water solution of NaCl and CuSO4, and sea water flow through the FTC with a flow rate of 50 ml/min, the deionization rate can reach at least 19%. The capacitive deionization method of the invented FTC can be used to reduce the amount of waste liquid, and can be used to purify water and reject salt with cheap production cost and easy operation.

Description

504720 -HiltW £ -d〇c / QQ9_B7 _ V. Description of Invention (/) Development Applicable Field ----- ILC ------- ^ · II (Please read the precautions on the back and write this page) The invention relates to a capacitive deionization method (CDI) of a liquid containing a charged substance. More specifically, the present invention relates to a replaceable flow-through capacitor (FTC) capable of removing charged substances from inorganic and organic aqueous solutions. Man Ming Background Line Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The water system is one of the most precious human resources. More appropriately, the importance of water can be said to "give us life". About three quarters of the earth's area is water, 98% of which is seawater and the other 2% is freshwater. Most of the freshwater is in icebergs at the poles, however, less than 1% is directly usable. As the population of urbanization and industrialization increases, water consumption and waste water production also increase, and many countries have suffered from water shortages and environmental pollution. According to UN estimates, people in 48 countries and about 32% of the world's population will face a shortage of fresh water by 2025 AD. Water is extremely important for quality of life and economic prosperity. Contaminated water can cause disease, and the government needs to spend more than several million yuan to clean up the polluted place. Without fresh water, daily life and human activities would be hindered. Although it is the government ’s responsibility to provide fresh water to the people ’, the people on earth also have an obligation to save water, recycle available resources and reduce pollution. Desalination is the most economical way to produce fresh water. Seawater can be obtained free and unlimited throughout the year without being affected by the climate. However, seawater is also the one with the highest total dissolved solids (TDS) among all brines. In addition, whether it is organic or inorganic waste liquid, it usually contains due to hydrolysis, decomposition, 3 paper standards applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) —E _____ V. Description of the invention 〇 /) ---- ---------- Pack ---- (Please read the note on the back? Matters to write on this page) Condensed charged substances produced by biological or chemical reactions of solutes. The total amount of charged substances in seawater and liquids is expressed in TDS, in ppm (parts per million). Whether it is desalination or wastewater treatment, its main purpose is to reduce TDS or deionization, and its purification methods include sedimentation, adsorption, filtration, ozonation, etc. The above method is performed upstream or downstream of the deionization for the purpose of pre-treating or post-treating the incoming liquid. When the TDS of the feed liquid is reduced to a certain level, it can be applied to domestic or industrial water. Deionization methods are, for example, general techniques such as ion exchange, distillation, reverse osmosis (RO), and electrodialysis. In contrast, CDI is a relatively new and little-known technology. When choosing a deionization method, material and operating costs, filtrate flow or yield, and salt rejection rate must be considered. --Wires. The ion exchange resins used for deionization are mostly expensive synthetic resins. Their operation is to exchange toxic ions with harmless ions. During use, the resin is gradually saturated and needs to be regenerated. Regeneration of ion exchange resins requires the use of strong acids or bases and large amounts of rinse water. As a result, ion exchange consumes a lot of water, and secondary chemicals cause secondary pollution. To obtain fresh water, the distillation method must heat brine or raw water. After distillation, the remaining ions form a slurry. Steam bunkering is an energy-consuming method and requires a lot of space. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,636,283 to Nasser discloses a distillation column with a height exceeding 100 m (> 300 ft). However, distillation is still the most widely used method of water desalination in Shanghai. In terms of commercialization, Ro is the next most popular method of dilution. R0 uses a thin film to extract fresh water from the brine, while ions are still present in the raw water. R0 requires high pressure, such as 800-1200 psig, to 4

504720 A7 B7 7981twf.doc / 009 V. Description of the invention (3) Force the filtrate (pure water) through the extremely micropores of the membrane. High operating pressure and low filtrate flow are two disadvantages of R0. A high operating pressure of R0 means a high operating cost, while a low filtrate flow results in a low yield. Electrodialysis method uses a DC electric field and ion-permeable membrane for deionization. Each electrodialysis unit contains at least three parts, namely the anode chamber, the intermediate chamber and the cathode chamber. The brine flows in the intermediate chamber, and the ions are attracted to the anode or cathode chamber due to the selective permeation of the membrane and electrostatic attraction. From the viewpoint of reducing pollution, membrane technologies such as RO and electrodialysis do not capture or concentrate ions. Therefore, these techniques can only be used for liquid purification and cannot be used to reduce pollution. In contrast, CDI is a technology that can simultaneously purify and reduce pollution, and has a high recovery rate of the influent liquid. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Just as solid particles are easily removed by filter media, electric fields can effectively retain charged materials. Ions react instantly and reversibly to electrostatic attraction, which is a natural phenomenon. In a liquid containing a charged substance, such electrostatic attraction is most easily caused by passing a current between two parallel conductive plates. When a charged substance flows between two charged electrodes, the charged substance will be quickly adsorbed on the electrode surface, thereby reducing the TDS. This method of salt removal is called capacitive deionization (CDI), and the device that performs CDI is known as a flow-through capacitor (FTC). The application of FTC has been disclosed thirty years ago by J. Newman et al. In J. Electrochem Soc .: Electrochemical Technology, March 1971, P. 510-517, "Desalination Method Using Porous Carbon Electrode". The contents of this case are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, three representative CDI know-how are cited here for reference, namely US Patent No. 5,779,891 by Andelman, US Patent No. 5,858,199 by Hanank, and Table 5. The paper standards are applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) ^ 4 specifications ( 21 (^ 297 公 '504720 7981twf.doc / 〇〇9 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ...-V. Description of Invention (Order) US Patent No. 5,9S4,937 to Farmer *. These three This patent case is also incorporated herein by reference. The f891 patent uses graphite cloth as a current collector and active fe as an ion-adsorbing material to form an electrode through physical compression. Between the active material and the current collector No chemical bonding with better electrical bonding than physical compression is used. Gold compression contacts are used to combine electrode wires and wires, which are then connected to a DC power supply. Using precious metals, from an economic point of view, FTC cannot be turned into a consumer product In addition, 891, the patent incorporates lead or other transition metals into the carbon electrode to decompose the hydrochloride (CHCs) electrolytically. For higher detoxification efficiency, CHC is best treated with ozone Management 'instead of electrolysis. In order to obtain the shortest and most direct flow path, the' 891 patent makes holes in the electrode and aligns with the water outlet of the liquid inlet pipe. This design not only sacrifice the adsorption surface area of the electrode, but also the electrode must have The specific arrangement and assembly complicates the process, increasing the cost of the device and reducing the profit of the product. In order to separate charged substances from the liquid, the '199 patent combines the centrifugal force of the electric field and the compound to become the Earth's rotation biasing force (Coriolis force). Installing a mechanical rotator will cause high operating costs and difficult operation for users. In addition to carbon materials, the '199 patent also discloses mixed metal oxides, such as oxidized giant and ruthenium oxide, as active materials for ion adsorption. However, the above oxides Very expensive and not suitable for processing large amounts of liquid. The 937 patent uses expensive synthetic aerogel carbon as an ion-adsorbing material for desalination. This carbon material is formed by the polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde. The molecules are then dried at a supercritical point in liquid carbon dioxide at a high pressure, such as 900 pS1, and finally at 50 pS1. 0-120MC carbonized dry colloid. According to Pekela US Patent No. 4,997,804, it takes 6 to prepare aerosol carbon in a single batch. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇X 297 mm) (Please read first Note on the reverse side of this page and reprint this page) ii installation-line-) U4720 7981twf.doc / 〇〇9 A7 B7 Five invention instructions (G) Last two weeks, the content of this case is hereby incorporated into the present invention by reference. Process The long time and high processing pressure and temperature will increase the material cost of FTC. In addition, the '937 patent uses gaskets, bolts, nuts, end plates and several pairs of electrodes to form a multilayer FTC. Such a complex FTC structure is prone to liquid leakage and lacks industrial convenience. CDI is indeed a practical technique for reducing liquid TDS. However, CDI needs more research to find economical materials and FTC equipment, so that it can be easily mass-produced, and it is easy for users to operate the technology, which has a substantial economic benefit in recycling waste liquid, reducing waste water, and reducing seawater. A device for making fresh water. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a flow-through capacitor that can be used to recover a large amount of waste liquid to reduce the amount of waste water. Another object of the present invention is to provide a flow-through capacitor which can effectively desalinate seawater. Another aspect of the invention is its low manufacturing cost.

t f Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The purpose is to provide a circulation type capacitor and reduce its energy consumption. The purpose is to provide a portable capacitor that is portable and easy to operate. The method of removing ions using CDI uses the same mechanism as the energy storage of ultracapacitors (supercapacitors can store thousands of farads (F) of charge). CDI and supercapacitors are mainly double-layer capacitors (DLC). The double-layer structure described in 1879 by Helmholtz is used for deionization or energy storage. According to the present invention, nano particles are first synthesized, including fernte. For example, the Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) can be applied to the paper size. 504720 7981twf.doc / 009 A7 B7 Wisdom of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Property Agency Staff Consumer Cooperative

V. Description of the invention (k) FexOyHz hydrated iron oxide, of which 1.0gx $ 30.0, 0.00 < y'40 and 1.0Szg 1.0, and the main component of the particles is black magnetite (Fe3 〇4). Next, these particles are fixed on a suitable current collector plate by a roller coating method, a powder coating method, or an electrophoretic deposition method to form an integrated FTC electrode for waste liquid treatment and desalination. Hydrated iron oxide powder is made from cheap starting materials, and the manufacturing process is simple and fast. The ion-adsorbing material of the present invention is therefore economically beneficial. The FTC provided by the present invention is obtained by concentrically winding two electrodes, and the two electrodes are separated by several narrow rubber strips. The center of the electrode roll is reserved for inserting a porous inlet tube. The separator strip can isolate the two electrodes, restrict the fluid to flow within the FTC, and allow the fluid to flow laterally along the wound electrode plate inside the capacitor. Driven by the peristaltic pump, the liquid can flow freely in the FTC, and before leaving the capacitor, it flows horizontally and outwardly across all electrode surfaces. Ions therefore have the greatest chance of coming into contact with and being adsorbed on the entire available surface area of the electrode. The FTC of the present invention not only minimizes the amount of active material used to manufacture the electrodes, but also facilitates the automated production of electrodes and capacitors. Therefore, the present invention makes FTC an affordable purified and desalted consumer product for consumers. Like other designs of FTC, the capacitor of the present invention can also be completely regenerated by changing the electrical properties of the electrodes. Moreover, when regeneration cannot restore the original deionization capability of the capacitor, the capacitor can be replaced and discarded or recycled. Both the ion-adsorbing material and the collector plate of the replaceable FTC of the present invention can be recycled and reused, which is beneficial to the environment. As with the adsorption of carbon materials, ion exchange resins and Ro films are usually packaged in a cassette type, and the replacement type FTC can also be designed as a cassette type. This FTC, please read the note, the size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 7981twf.doc / 009 B7 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumer Cooperatives ') It can be placed in a container. The container housing is provided with fluid input and output ports, two contacts that can be connected to the power source, and a cushioned top cover. The aforementioned cassette and all its accessories can be made by injection molding. Put the FTC into the cartridge barrel, and then insert the liquid inlet tube into the center of the FTC roll. Use a snap-on connector to connect the electrode lead and the electrical connector on the top cover, and then screw the Top cover to seal the cassette. Recovery of a CDI processing unit takes less than a minute and requires no tools. Operating CDI requires low DC power such as 0.5 volts and 100 milliamps. Such low power can be provided by batteries, solar cells, and fuel cells. Compared with distillation, RO and electrodialysis, the energy consumption of CDI is much lower. Very low DC voltages are required to keep charged substances on the electrode surface. However, chemical reactions or electrolytic reactions should be avoided because they have a negative impact on CDI energy efficiency and electrode life. Since CDI replaces the electrodes of FTC with electrical energy, there is no secondary pollution. In addition, precious metal ions such as Au3 + and Pd2 + can be concentrated and concentrated by CDI technology, and then converted into useful forms by electroplating or chemical methods. Due to its small size, light weight, and battery operation, eDI has become a portable liquid purification and desalination technology for desalination. In addition to the ease of incorporating CDI into any existing waste liquid treatment system, the present invention provides economical ion adsorption materials and easy-to-use pTc devices. The purpose of the present invention is to help people reduce waste liquid and remove fresh water by removing charged substances from brine. A simple explanation of the drawing (please read the notes on the back before writing this page). 太 .. -_ 线-9 504720 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 7981twf.doc / 009 V. Invention Explanation (2) Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid inlet and outlet of the CDI cartridge container of a flow-through capacitor (FTC); Figure 2 is the electrode and separator concentrically wound into a roll capacitor Three-dimensional view; Figure 3 is a pattern of die-cast vertical porous support and horizontal rubber strips, in which horizontal rubber strips restrict the flow of liquid in the FTC; Figure 4 is a top view of the CDI cartridge, showing the liquid inlet Figure 5A shows the conductivity of the NaCl solution flowing through the cartridge containing 1, 2 and 3 flow-through capacitors per 50 ml of the effluent; Figure 5B Shows the removal rate of ions in the first 50ml collection solution of a cassette containing 1, 2 and 3 flow-through capacitors. Explanation of the marks on the drawing · 102 104 106 108 110 ， 112 114 201 ， 202 203 302 304 Liquid inlet pipe Outlet cover Container body gasket Screw hole Electrode sheet separator Horizontal rubber strip vertical bracket 10 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 V. Description of the invention 411,413 Electrical connector 415 FTC combination structure Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the structure of the preferred embodiment of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumption Cooperative Printed Water Resources Crisis Department For today's or upcoming issues in many regions of the world. In terms of pollution in water and other liquids, heavy metals and charged substances are the main sources of pollution. Because these sources of pollution are soluble in liquids, they are calculated as total dissolved solids (TDS) and are expressed in ppm. In many cases, when the TDS of a liquid is reduced to a certain ppm 値, the liquid being processed is ready for use. For example, the TDS of seawater in each location is essentially 35,000 ppm. However, when the TDS of seawater drops to 500 ppm, it can be used for irrigation. If the TDS of the same seawater is less than 200 ppm, it can be suitable for use without salty taste. The reduction of TDS is caused by desalting or deionization. In the implementation method of reducing TDS, the most convenient method is the electrostatic field of the capacitor structure. Simple ions and complex charged substances are immediately attracted to the electrode under DC voltage. As long as a DC voltage is present, charged substances will remain on the electrode surface. Obviously, the larger the adsorption surface area, the greater the number of ions being adsorbed and the number of ions removed from the feed. However, when the voltage is stopped, most of the retained pollutants will be released, and the polarity of the electrode needs to be quickly reversed several times to complete the regeneration. In other words, CDI can use electric energy for deionization and regeneration. Compared with the widely used ion exchange technology, the chemicals needed to regenerate ion exchange resins will cause secondary pollution. CDI is a more environmentally friendly technology. 11 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 V. Description of the invention (f) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This invention is based on the application of proven ultracapacitors The electrode includes a material to prepare an ion-adsorbing electrode for CDI. In order to obtain the maximum area of the electrode, sol-gel technology or electrolytic technology is used to prepare ferrite nano-powder, such as black magnetite (Fe304) and its composites. According to capacitance measurement and other tests, qualified powders are converted into electrodes that form a flow-through capacitor (FTC) roll. Along with the liquid inlet pipe, the FTC is placed in a coin and 4 grains to form a CDI processing unit. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the liquid input and output in the cartridge barrel. In order to simplify the description, the FTC is omitted. This structure is similar to the cartridge of filter carbon, ion exchange resin and r0 film. The liquid inlet pipe 102 and the container body 108 can be made by injection molding using engineering plastics such as acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). After the liquid is ejected from the nozzle of the liquid inlet pipe 102, it leaves the trough unit BU through the liquid outlet port 104 and flows over the entire electrode surface of the FTC. The liquid is guided horizontally and outwardly 'across the surface of each of its accessible electrodes, thereby increasing the contact time between the charged substance and the FTC electrode. Because the influent flows through the longest path of the FTC, charged substances can be processed most efficiently. The container top cover 106 is tightly attached to the container main body 108 by the compression pads 110 and 112 to prevent leakage of liquid. The container top lid 106 can be molded from the same material as the liquid inlet pipe 102 and the container body 108, and the gaskets 110 and 112 are made of chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber or silicone rubber. . Drill holes 114 are provided around the top cover 106 and on the edge of the container body 108 to accommodate fixing bolts and nuts. In another specific embodiment, the top cover 106 and the container body 108 can tap the threads that can fit each other so as to be fastened by hand. 12 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) 504720 V. Description of the invention (l \) The formation of FTC assembly and the generation of liquid channels are described in the following sections. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Figure 2 shows an FTC combination structure in which two electrode pads 201 and 202 and two identical separator 203 overlap each other according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Combined and concentrically wound into a roll with a through hole in the center of the roll. The FTC shown in Fig. 2 uses the electrode 201 as the innermost layer wound to form the inner wall of the hollow roll. However, in actual application, it is not limited to this, and the separator 203 may be used as the innermost layer of the winding to form the inner wall of the hollow roll. The manufacture of the FTC combination structure can be easily automated by winding machinery and equipment generally used in the capacitor and battery industries. The required width of the electrode sheet and related accessories can be continuously fed into the winding equipment and wound into a roll of a predetermined diameter. After the roll is cut and fixed with tape, a free-standing FTC combination structure is formed. In fact, the FTC composite structure is an element of an ultracapacitor, but it lacks an electrolyte and a case. Once the electrodes are cut, the collector plate will be exposed and burrs will occur, which may cause short circuits and other damage to the FTC assembly. Therefore, remedial procedures are required after cutting, such as deburring and passivation insulation. The diameter of the central through hole of the FTC combination structure is consistent with the outer diameter of the liquid inlet pipe 102, and the outer diameter (OD) and inner diameter (ID) of the 102 can be designed as required. In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the small holes with a diameter of "16" are distributed on both sides of the liquid inlet pipe 102, and the distance between the holes is about 1/2. According to the desired processing capacity of the FTC assembly The size of the liquid inlet tube 102 (in terms of OD and ID) and the diameter and number of liquid inlet holes can be adjusted accordingly. The main body of the CDI container, the liquid inlet tube 102, and the FTC must be electrically insulated. There is no electrical communication between the capacitor and the container 108. The electrodes 201 and 202 13 This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 504720 981twf.doc / 009 A7 B7 Employees ’Consumption of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the cooperative V. Description of the invention (〇 /) The active material, such as magnetite (Fe304) or its composite, is applied to metal foils, such as aluminum foil, copper foil, titanium foil, and stainless steel foil, by various deposition methods. Or nickel foil. The conductivity of the active material is not less than 10-2 Siemen / cm, and the magnetic flux density is not less than 10 Gauss. The fabrication of FTC electrodes can also be easily passed through any deposition method used to form the electrodes. Such as roll coating, dip coating, spin coating, powder Coating method or electrophoretic deposition method. If a coating method such as a roll coating method is used, the above powder and a binder are mixed in a suitable solvent to form a coating slurry, where the binder includes, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). When the same electrode is used to make the FTC composite structure, the polarity of the electrode is determined by the connection between the electrode and an external power source. The electrode 201 or 202 can be made by connecting to the positive electrode of the power source The anode, while the other electrode 202 or 201 becomes the cathode. Either connection has no effect on the deionization effect of the FTC composite structure. As known to those skilled in the art, the base foil carrying the ion-adsorbing material also conducts electrons, It is called a collector plate. The collector plate will not improve the conductivity of the ion-adsorbing material, but it will affect the power consumption and life of the FTC. Although not shown in Figure 2, the electrode leads can be tabs of the base foil , Or other metal pieces are fixed to the current collector by anti-spot welding or mechanical compression bonding. Neither the board nor the electrical conductors can be in direct contact with the liquid, otherwise it may be affected and the efficiency of CDI will be affected. FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred tool according to the present invention.

Example, in FTC

Liquid channels are formed in the combined structure. Please refer to the same paragraph. The molded partition 203 includes a horizontal rubber strip 302 and a vertical bracket 304. The rubber strip 302 is used to isolate the two electrodes 201 and 202, so that the fluid is restricted to FTC 14 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Please read the back item ii first Page order line 504720 A7 B7 981twf.doc / 009 V. The description of the invention (ο) flows and is used to guide the liquid flow in the FTC, so that the fluid flows laterally along the wound electrode plate in the capacitor. The bracket 304 is used to support the horizontal rubber strip 302. Therefore, the thickness of the horizontal rubber strip 302 is thicker than that of the bracket 304 so that the fluid can flow between the horizontal rubber strips 302. For example, the thickness of the rubber strip 302 is 1 mm, and the bracket 304 is 0.1 mm thick. The horizontal rubber strip 302 is a rectangular strip, with a height of about 0.5 mm and a width of about 1 mm. The upper and lower strips are located on the upper and lower edges of the electrode. The middle strips are spaced about 30mm apart. The top rubber strip and the bottom rubber strip each extend slightly beyond the edge of the electrode ', for example, the width of the vertical bracket 304 is not limited, as long as it can support the rubber strip 302 and cover the least electrode surface. The vertical brackets 304 have a pitch of at least 30 mm ', a width of about 2 mm, and a thickness of about 0.1 mm. The separator 203 is tightly placed between the electrodes 201 and 202. As shown in Fig. 2, the top and bottom rubber strips of the separator are parallel to the electrode edges to limit the liquid in the FTC assembly structure. However, the middle rubber strip forms many (0.5-1) mm X 30 mm horizontal channels printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, so that the flow of liquid is virtually unrestricted. Once the @body flows out of the inlet pipe 102 (as shown in Figure 1), the liquid is restricted to flow horizontally and outwardly in the above-mentioned channel. Along these channels, liquid flows through all accessible surfaces of the electrode. Because the stent 304 occupies a considerable surface area of the stomach, several holes are formed in the stent to compensate for electrode area & loss. Although a smaller separator gap can produce a larger capacitance, YAN # limits the flow of liquid, and the proper gap depends on the capacitance and resistance @ balance. The height of the rubber strip used for isolation may be from 0.3 mm to 1 mm ', more preferably from 0.5 mm to 1 mm. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention for manufacturing the adhesive strip without using a vertical bracket is to produce 1mm X lmm adhesive 15. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 504720 Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives. Screen printing of V.V (V ^ V) strips. The strips can be made of flexible polymers such as silicone, rubber, or polyurethane. on. The integration of the separation rubber strip and the electrode can simplify the manufacturing process of the FTC combination structure. In the present invention, the role of the molded or screen-printed separator is threefold: 1) to provide electrical insulation of the electrodes to avoid short circuits, 2) to restrict the liquid in the FTC composite structure, and 3) to define the fluid in the FTC composite structure. Flow path. In addition to elasticity, the polymer materials that make up the separator of the FTC composite structure should be able to resist various contaminants that may be present in the influent, such as acids, alkalis, salts, organic substances, and microorganisms. FTC is the core of CDI technology for water purification and desalination. The use of FTC should be convenient if CDI can be transformed into a common technology like filtration, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis, which are often used for waste liquid treatment. In general, the use of replaceable components in any waste treatment technology should be as easy as replacing a light bulb or battery. The aforementioned FTC combination structure of the present invention can meet this requirement. Although the FTC combination structure can perform waste liquid treatment alone, it is best to use it with the container shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 is a top view of the container of Figure 1, so the same components are labeled with the same drawing numbers. As shown in Fig. 4, the replaceable FTC combination structure 415 is placed in the container body 108, and sealed with six nut 417 and the container top cover 106. Another sealing method is to place the matching male and female threads on the top cover 106 and the container 108, and then tighten them by hand. There are two electrical connectors 411 and 413 on the top of the container lid 106 to connect a power source, such as a dry cell, a fuel cell or a solar cell. The electrical connection between the electrodes of the FTC and the connectors 411 and 413 (not shown) is accomplished with a snap-on connector. The waste liquid enters 16 through the liquid inlet pipe 102 (please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page), ¾. --Line · This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Regulation (21〇x 297 Mm) 504720 7981twf.doc / 009 A7

V. Description of the invention (<) The trough device 108, and before the liquid leaves the container through the liquid outlet 104, the liquid is horizontally advected through the FTC combination structure 415. There is no direct communication between the inlet pipe 102 and the outlet port 1 ^. The FTC combination structure 415 may need to be replaced regularly, and other components can be used indefinitely. Because ultracapacitors can use inorganic or organic aqueous solutions as the electrolyte, so Regardless of whether the waste liquid is an inorganic or organic aqueous solution, as long as ions are present in the liquid, the FTC combination structure can remove charged substances from all waste liquids. The present invention can manufacture the required FTC combination structure according to the required CDI production volume 41 5 size (in terms of diameter and height). A preferred embodiment of the present invention is the use of black magnetite powder or its composite to form a FTC composite structure 415 with a size of about 60 mmd) x 150 mm to develop and reduce the use of CDI. TDS's commercial FTC products. One of the features of the present invention is that the longest path of the inlet liquid flowing through the FTC combination structure, so that all the effective area of the FTC electrode can be used to adsorb charged substances, so the highest productivity of deionization can be achieved. The array experimental data is listed below for reference, however, these data are only used for illustration, but not for limiting the present invention. The invention can provide an economical and easy-to-use CDI technology for water purification and desalination. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Example 1 Using a roll coating method, a uniform slurry of homemade hydrated iron oxide was coated on an aluminum foil of approximately 150 mm X 490 mm X 0.1 mm to form an FTC. The slurry is mainly based on the following formula: lg Fe304 and 0.03g PVDF (polydifluoroethylene) are mixed with 1.5 ml NMP (N-methyl-2-orbitalone) to form a homogeneous phase. 17 This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 504720 7981twf.d〇c / 009 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (# 0 by IR light Irradiation or other heating device, after the solvent NMP is evaporated, the electrode and the separator are rolled into a FTC roll as shown in Figure 2. The ears of the anode and cathode substrate 涪 are used as electrical wires and connected to a DC power source. Insert the liquid inlet pipe 102 into the center of the reel, and then put the FTC into the plastic container body 108, where the container body 108 has an inner diameter of 60 mm and a height of 150 mm. Then, the top cover is bolted and screwed. 〇6 It is fixed to the container, thereby sealing the container 108, and simultaneously extending the two ear lead wires outside the container 108, and then connected to the DC power supply. The FTC and its container are collectively referred to as a cassette. A single cassette, or multiple cassettes The cartridge can be used in series for deionization of various liquids. Liquid: NaCl aqueous solution, conductivity is 104 // S / cm Voltage: 1.0 DC Volt Liquid flow rate · 50 ml / min Number of cartridges: 1, 2 and After collecting 3 effluents per 50ml, the conductivity is measured Measure the conductivity of the first 50 ml effluent collected using 1 '2 and 3 cassettes, and each gets 8 $ 2 // S / cm, 676 // S / cm and 385 // S / cm, representing the deionization rate of each group of FTC combinations is I9%, %% and 63%. Figure 5B shows the deionization rate of the fluid flowing through only a different number of cassettes. However, Figure 5A shows the second half The conductivity of the effluent increases rapidly, indicating that the electrode surface of the FTC is quickly covered. However, none of the effluent has reached the concentration of the influent. When CDI is the only method that can be used in liquid processing to remove charged substances, FTC The size and number can be tailored to meet the needs. The way the liquid flows in the CDI system can also be cleverly planned to achieve the desired purpose. 18 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Please read the note first

Page order 504720 7981twf.doc / 009 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (V ^) Example 2 Rinse the used FTC of Example 1 with deionized water until the effluent shows low conductivity (read the digital display of 値) . The following tests were performed with regenerated FTC. Liquid: CuS04 aqueous solution, conductivity is 1420 / zS / cm Voltage: 1.0 DC volts Liquid flow rate: 50 ml / min Number of cassettes: 2 The first collected 50 ml effluent has a conductivity of 724 # S / cm , Which means that when the fluid is at a very low voltage, 49% of the ions are removed by FTC. Please read the introductory note ii on this page. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Example 3 A FTC for seawater desalination was prepared using a regeneration method similar to that in Example 2. The Pacific Ocean was taken from somewhere on the west coast of Taiwan. In order to comply with the measurement range of the conductivity meter used in the present invention, the sample was diluted 50 times with deionized water '. The TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) of the sample used is estimated at 20,000 ppm. Without any pretreatment, the desalination test of dilute seawater was performed under the following conditions. Liquid: Diluted seawater, conductivity is 793 // S / cm Voltage: 1.0DC Volt Liquid flow rate: 50 ml / min Number of cassettes: 2 19 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 504720 A7 7981twf.d〇c / 〇〇9 Take --------- * 'surface_ V. Description of the invention 5 The% conductivity of the ml effluent was measured at 619 in S / Cm, and a total of 21% of the ions were removed. The caliper number of this example_embodiment is two, but the deionization ability of this example is poor. This may be because the composition of seawater is more complicated than that of NaC1 solution. Example 4 In the starting material of iron oxide, 20% by weight of activated carbon of Fe304 that can be produced in a batch of synthesis was put in a sol-gel method; synthesis of pe304 / c composite powder . In the same manner as in Example 1, the slurry of the composite powder was arranged to prepare FTC and its processing unit to purify the water sample. Liquid: NaCl aqueous solution, conductivity is 1082 // s / cm Voltage: 1.0 DC Volt Liquid flow rate: 50 ml / min Number of cassettes: 1 The first collected 50 ml effluent has a conductivity of 779 / / S / cm, 28% of the ions are removed when the fluid flows through a single capacitor cartridge. Since the surface area of activated carbon is larger than that of Fe304, the deionization rate obtained by using FTC of the composite is higher than that obtained by using pure metal oxide. This observation is consistent with the energy storage theory of ultracapacitors. As can be seen from the above examples, the present invention is a feasible tool for liquid purification and seawater desalination. Because the material is cheap and easy to manufacture, the CDI of the present invention can join the ranks of the most commonly used technologies for pollution control and environmental protection. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Artists, without departing from the essence of the invention 20

This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 A7 B7 7981twf.doc / 009 V. Description of the invention (Clever) Within the scope of God and God, it can be modified and retouched. Therefore, this paper The scope of protection of the invention shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application. Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is sized to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

504720 A8 B8 C8 7981twf.doc / 009 j) g 6. Scope of patent application 1. An independent flow-through capacitor includes: a first electrode including a first active material and a first conductive foil, wherein the first The active material and the first conductive foil are combined into a first flexible flail to buy a long piece; a second electrode, the second electrode includes a second active material and a second conductive foil, wherein the second active material Combined with the second conductive foil into a second flexible continuous sheet; a first separator; a second separator, wherein the first electrode, the first separator, the second electrode and the second The separators are sequentially stacked, and are concentrically rolled into a hollow roll, and the first separator and the second separator have a gap between the first and second electrodes in the hollow roll. 2. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first and second separators are each composed of at least two long strips of rubber. 3. The flow-through capacitor according to item 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first separator and the second separator each further include at least one support frame, and the support frame is disposed on the long rubber strips. To support the long strips. 4. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 3 of the scope of patent application, wherein the thickness of the long strips is greater than the thickness of the support frame. 5. The flow-through capacitor according to item 3 of the patent application scope, wherein the support frame has a plurality of openings. 22 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order · Thread · Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Co-operative Printing 504720 A8 B8 no 19 81twf. Doc / 0 0 9 gg 6. Application scope of patent 6. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are chemical compounds with the chemical formula FexOyHz Composition and 1.0'χ € 3 · 0,0 · 0 < γ'4 · 0,0 · 0'ζ '1 · 0. 7. The flow-through capacitor according to item 6 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are Fe304. 8. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are a composite compound containing Fe304. 9. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the other components of the composite compound containing Fe304 are selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium oxide. 10. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are made of a material having a conductivity of not less than Siemen / cm. 11. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are made of a material having a magnetic flux density of not less than 10 Gauss. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 12. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first conductive foil and the second conductive foil are selected from the group consisting of Ming, copper, and nickel. And titanium. 13. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first and second electrodes are formed by a roll coating method, a dip coating method, a spin coating method, a powder coating method, or an electrophoretic deposition method. A first and a second active material are respectively coated on the first and the second conductive foils. 23 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 504720 7981twf.d〇c / 〇〇9 A8 B8 C8 D8 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 14. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the younger brother Yu's electrode system adsorbs ionic substances on its surface, and applies a voltage to the first and second electrodes to remove the liquid. Ionization. 15. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first and second electrodes use electrostatic attraction to adsorb ions. 16. The flow-through capacitor according to item 丨 of the patent application scope, wherein the first electrode is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply and the second electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, so that the first electrode becomes the anode and the second electrode The electrode is the cathode. Π. The flow-through capacitor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second electrode is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply and the first electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, so that the second electrode becomes the anode and the first The electrode is the cathode. 18 · —A self-contained flow-through capacitor, comprising: a container body including an opening and a liquid outlet; a capacitor body disposed in the container body and including: a first electrode including a first electrode An active material and a first conductive foil, wherein the first active material and the first conductive foil are combined into a first flexible continuous sheet; a second electrode, the second conductive foil, and the first electrode The first conductive material and the second conductive foil are combined into a second flexible continuous sheet; a first separator; a second separator, wherein the first electrode and the first separator The second electrode and the second separator are sequentially stacked and are concentrically rolled into a 24 (please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) Order-· Line · This paper size applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 B8 7981twf.doc / 009 β | 6. The patent application is for a hollow roll, and the first separator and the second separator are in the first part of the hollow roll. There is a gap between the second electrode and the second electrode; Container lid disposed on the opening of the container body; and a liquid inlet pipe, through which the vessel head, and disposed in the central opening in one of the hollow roll. 19. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first separator and the second separator are each composed of at least two long strips. 20. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first separator and the second separator each further include at least one support frame, and the support frame is disposed on the long rubber strips. To support the long strips. 21. The flow-through capacitor according to item 20 of the scope of patent application, wherein the thickness of the long strips is greater than the thickness of the support frame. 22. The flow-through capacitor according to item 20 of the patent application scope, wherein the support frame has a plurality of openings. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 23. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material have a chemical composition of the FexOyHz chemical formula, and 1.0SxS3. 0, 0.0 < yS4.0, O.OSz-1.0. 24. The flow-through capacitor according to item 23 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are Fe304. 25. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are a composite compound containing Fe304. 25 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 A8 B8 7 9 8 1 twf .doc / 0 0 9 VI. Scope of patent application 26. As described in item 25 of the scope of patent application A flow-through capacitor, in which the other components of the Fe304-containing composite compound are selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium oxide. 27. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are made of a material having a conductivity of not less than 10 · 2 Siemen / cm. 28. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first active material and the second active material are made of a material having a magnetic flux density of not less than 10 Gauss. 29. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first conductive foil and the second conductive foil are selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, nickel, stainless steel, and titanium. 30. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first and second electrodes are formed by a roll coating method, a dip coating method, a spin coating method, a powder coating method, or an electrophoretic deposition method. The first and second active materials are respectively coated on the first and the second conductive foils. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 31. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first and second electrodes adsorb ionic substances on the surface and apply voltage to the The first and second electrodes perform deionization of the liquid. 32. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first and second electrodes use electrostatic attraction to adsorb ions. 33. The flow-through capacitor as described in item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first electrode is connected to the positive electrode of a power source and the second electrode is connected to the 26 paper. The Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 504720 ΐ C8 7981twf.doc / 009 D8 6. The negative electrode of the patent application power supply, so that the first electrode becomes the anode and the second electrode becomes the cathode. 34. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the second electrode is connected to the positive pole of a power source and the first electrode is connected to the negative pole of the power source, so that the second electrode becomes the anode and the first The electrode is the cathode. 35. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the top cover and the container body have threads that can fit each other. 3 6. The circulation type electric valley benefit described in item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the top cover and the main system of the container are fixed with bolts and nuts. 3 7. The flow-through electric valley benefit described in item 18 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the material of the liquid inlet pipe and the container body is selected from acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE) or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). 38. The flow-through capacitor according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a gasket disposed between the top cover and the container body 'to prevent leakage of liquid. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order · Thread · Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 27 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)