501359 A7 - B7 五、發明說明（1 ) 發明背景 1 ·發明領域 本發明針對掃描器，尤其針對包含結合在光管系統中 的光成形可變漫射器的掃描器。 2 ·相關技術的敘述 目前’傳統掃描系統諸如條碼辨識系統使用點光源照 明例如發光二極體（L E D )以及點讀取。這些系統通常 包含沿著一串條碼掃描的條碼照明器。此種條碼照明器可 被用在手持殻體中，其可橫越一條碼來回地掃動，直到條 碼由條碼辨識系統中的偵測器系統處理。或者，條碼照明 器可被放置在靜止不動的系統中，而條碼本身可橫越條碼 照明器來回移動，直到偵測器系統處理條碼。 不幸的是’此種條碼照明器需要有龐大的殼體及固定 裝置。在雷射掃描器照明器的情況中，此種系統需要移動 機械部份，例如振動或旋轉鏡子及收集光學元件。雷射掃 描器的另一不利點爲對雷射掃描器的使用者可能有害的眼 睛安全問題。 漫射器在掃描系統中可能很有用。不幸的是，目前的 漫射器只於一漫射角度漫射光。特別是，目前的漫射器不 能橫越漫射器的軸線逐漸地改變漫射角度。另外，目前的 漫射器不能根據在漫射器上的位置來逐漸地改變漫射角度 〇 目前也無法來辨識漫射器在各種不同的應用中的有用 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — U5T--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Γ 良 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -4 - 501359 A7501359 A7-B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention 1. Field of the invention The present invention is directed to a scanner, and more particularly to a scanner including a light-shaping variable diffuser incorporated in a light pipe system. 2 · Description of related technologies At present, a conventional scanning system such as a barcode recognition system uses a point light source to illuminate, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) and a point reading. These systems often include a bar code illuminator that is scanned along a string of bar codes. This bar code illuminator can be used in a handheld housing, which can be swept back and forth across a bar code until the bar code is processed by the detector system in the bar code recognition system. Alternatively, the bar code illuminator can be placed in a stationary system, and the bar code itself can be moved back and forth across the bar code illuminator until the detector system processes the bar code. Unfortunately, 'this type of bar code illuminator requires a large housing and fixtures. In the case of laser scanner illuminators, such systems require moving mechanical parts such as vibrating or rotating mirrors and collecting optics. Another disadvantage of laser scanners is eye safety issues that can be harmful to users of laser scanners. Diffusers can be useful in scanning systems. Unfortunately, current diffusers only diffuse light at a diffuse angle. In particular, current diffusers cannot gradually change the diffusion angle across the axis of the diffuser. In addition, the current diffuser cannot gradually change the diffusion angle according to the position on the diffuser. At present, it is not possible to identify the usefulness of the diffuser in various applications. A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — U5T --- (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Γ Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -4-501359 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（2 ) 性。例如，無法辨識漫射器在掃描器應用中的有用性。另 外，無法辨識漫射器在其他應用例如編碼器及感測器中的 有用性。 目前的編碼器可被用來將代表物體的位置或移動的資 料編碼。這些編碼器可被用在例如汽車的駕駛盤上，以數 算駕駛盤轉動的周轉次數。這些編碼器也可被用在例如 D C馬達以及具有用於物體在極精確之下被移動的自動臂 應用的線性狀態的其他馬達上。在此種應用中，編碼器可 被用來計算馬達的轉動次數，以決定屏蔽移動的距離。 不幸的是，此種編碼器相當龐大，並且在採用其的系 統中佔據過量的空間。例如，此種編碼器不能以相當平面 狀的方式被採用。 掃描器也有類似的問題，例如條碼讀取器中所用的掃 描器。因爲對光投影及聚焦的需求，所以目前的掃描器在 採用其的系統及殼體中佔據過量的空間。例如，此種掃描 器如同編碼器不能以相當平面狀的方式被採用。 發明槪說 本發明提供一種掃描器。此掃描器可包含發射光至一 光管及一偵測器陣列的光源。光源可發射光通過光管而至 偵測器陣列。光管可包含一反射表面及一漫射器。反射表 面可將光直接或間接朝向漫射器反射’並且漫射器可將光 漫射至光管之外。光管可另外包含將來自反射表面的光朝 向漫射器反射的一反射凹槽。漫射器可將光漫射至將光反 -------I------------I ^---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -5- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 —— B7 五、發明說明（3 ) 射至偵測器陣列的一物體。物體可爲條碼，紙鈔，或任何 其他可被掃描的物體。漫射器可爲一可變漫射器。 可變漫射器可包含一全息介質及一漫射圖型，而漫射 圖型的漫射角度橫越全息介質而逐漸改變成使得漫射角度 的變化以肉眼感覺不到。漫射圖型可包含具有不同角度的 多個漫射圖型，而此多個漫射圖型互相重疊以產生逐漸改 變的漫射角度。漫射圖型可以每一漫射圖型的面積的1 〇 %互相重疊，並且漫射圖型可橫越全息介質的軸線而改變 〇 一可變漫射器母機可被用來產生可變漫射器。可變漫 射器母機可由一系統來產生，而該系統係使用投射光的一 光源，位在從光源投射的光的路徑中的一遮罩，以及於遮 罩的一開口，此開口的尺寸可改變，並且此開口使光通過 遮罩。此系統可包含一板件，其中於遮罩的開口使光通過 遮罩而至板件，並且光源可投射光通過於遮罩的開口至板 件的依序重疊部份上。系統也可包含阻擋從光源投射的一 些光的擋件。系統可另外包含在光的路徑中的具有開口的 第一屏蔽，以及位在遮罩與板件之間的具有開口的第二屏 蔽。系統組件之間的距離及組件的尺寸可隨光在板件上的 依序投射而改變，以在板件上達成逐漸改變的漫射圖型。 具有逐漸改變的漫射圖型的此板件可被用來產生一可變全 息漫射器，其具有使得改變的漫射圖型之間的變化被感覺 不到的圖型。 可變漫射器也可被用在光感測裝置或感測器中。感測 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐） ^ —-------------—^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -6- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（4 ) 器可包含一波導，一光源，一用來準直光的裝置，以及一 光偵測器。用來準直光的裝置可爲一準直透鏡，並且波導 可保持光的準直。用來準直光的裝置也可爲位在波導內的 可變漫射器，其中可變漫射器在光從波導射出之前準直光 。光源及偵測器可均在波導的相同側位在印刷電路板上。 編碼器可位在波導與偵測器之間。波導可包含金屬化端部 及含側邊刻面。 藉著在感測器及掃描器中使用可變漫射器及/或波導 及光管，感測器及掃描器的尺寸可減小，此在不使用可變 漫射器及光管之下不能獲得。另外，由於減小的尺寸及較 精確的漫射圖型，可經由使用可變漫射器及光管來獲得增 進的掃描及感測準確度。另外，因爲不同漫射角度之間的 變化感覺不到，所以可經由使用可變漫射器來獲得目視較 準確的顯示。 圖式簡要敘述 以下會參考圖式敘述本發明的較佳實施例，其中相同 的數字表示相同的元件。 圖1爲製造可變漫射器的方法的舉例說明圖。 圖2爲板件的舉例說明圖。 圖3爲遮罩的舉例說明圖。 圖4至7爲遮罩上的狹縫的改變的寬度的舉例說明圖 〇 圖8爲重疊的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -------------裝-------訂-------—線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (2). For example, the usefulness of diffusers in scanner applications cannot be identified. In addition, the usefulness of the diffuser in other applications such as encoders and sensors cannot be identified. Current encoders can be used to encode data representing the position or movement of an object. These encoders can be used, for example, on the steering wheel of a car to count the number of turns of the steering wheel. These encoders can also be used, for example, on DC motors and other motors with linear states for robotic applications where objects are moved with extreme accuracy. In this application, the encoder can be used to count the number of motor rotations to determine the distance the shield moves. Unfortunately, this type of encoder is quite large and takes up too much space in the system in which it is used. For example, such encoders cannot be used in a fairly flat manner. Scanners have similar problems, such as those used in bar code readers. Due to the need for light projection and focusing, current scanners occupy excess space in the systems and housings in which they are used. For example, such a scanner cannot be used in a fairly flat manner like an encoder. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a scanner. The scanner may include a light source that emits light to a light pipe and a detector array. The light source can emit light through the light pipe to the detector array. The light pipe may include a reflective surface and a diffuser. The reflective surface can reflect light directly or indirectly towards the diffuser ' and the diffuser can diffuse the light out of the light pipe. The light pipe may additionally include a reflective groove that reflects light from the reflective surface toward the diffuser. The diffuser can diffuse light to reflect the light ------- I ------------ I ^ --------- line (please read the Note: Please fill in this page again.) This paper size is in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm). -5- Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 —— B7 V. Invention Description (3 ) An object fired at the detector array. The object can be a barcode, paper money, or any other object that can be scanned. The diffuser may be a variable diffuser. The variable diffuser may include a holographic medium and a diffusing pattern, and the diffusing angle of the diffusing pattern gradually changes across the holographic medium so that the change in the diffusing angle is invisible to the naked eye. The diffuse pattern may include multiple diffuse patterns with different angles, and the multiple diffuse patterns overlap each other to produce a gradually changing diffuse angle. The diffuse pattern can overlap each other by 10% of the area of each diffuse pattern, and the diffuse pattern can be changed across the axis of the holographic medium. A variable diffuser master can be used to generate a variable diffuse Shooter. The variable diffuser master can be produced by a system that uses a light source that projects light, a mask located in the path of light projected from the light source, and an opening in the mask, the size of the opening It can be changed and this opening allows light to pass through the mask. The system may include a panel, wherein the opening in the mask passes light through the mask to the panel, and the light source can project light through the opening of the mask to the sequentially overlapping portion of the panel. The system may also include a stop to block some of the light projected from the light source. The system may additionally include a first shield with an opening in the path of light, and a second shield with an opening between the mask and the panel. The distance between the system components and the size of the components can be changed with the sequential projection of light on the board to achieve a gradually changing diffusion pattern on the board. This plate with gradually changing diffuse patterns can be used to produce a variable diffusive diffuser with patterns that make changes between the changed diffuse patterns imperceptible. Variable diffusers can also be used in light sensing devices or sensors. The size of this paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ^ —-------------— ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) -6- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) The device may include a waveguide, a light source, a device for collimating light, and a light detector. The means for collimating the light may be a collimating lens, and the waveguide may maintain the collimation of the light. The means for collimating the light may also be a variable diffuser located within the waveguide, where the variable diffuser collimates the light before it exits the waveguide. Both the light source and the detector can be on the printed circuit board on the same side of the waveguide. The encoder can be located between the waveguide and the detector. The waveguide may include metallized ends and side facets. By using variable diffusers and / or waveguides and light pipes in sensors and scanners, the size of the sensors and scanners can be reduced, without using variable diffusers and light pipes. Not available. In addition, due to the reduced size and more accurate diffusion pattern, an increased scanning and sensing accuracy can be obtained through the use of variable diffusers and light pipes. In addition, because the change between different diffusion angles is not felt, a more accurate visual display can be obtained by using a variable diffuser. Brief Description of the Drawings Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, in which the same numerals indicate the same elements. FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram of a method of manufacturing a variable diffuser. Figure 2 is an illustration of a plate. FIG. 3 is an illustration of a mask. Figures 4 to 7 are examples of changing widths of slits on the mask. Figure 8 is an example of overlapping diffuse patterns. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------------- installed ------- order --------- line (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7
五'發明說明（5) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖9爲板件的移動方向的舉例說明圖。 圖1 0爲各種不同的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖1 1爲板件的移動方向的舉例說明圖。 圖1 2爲各種不同的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖1 3至1 6爲狹縫的改變的寬度及高度的舉例說明 圖。 圖1 7爲漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖1 8爲板件的移動方向的舉例說明圖。 圖1 9爲漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖2 0爲板件的移動方向的舉例說明圖。 圖2 1爲漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖2 2爲製造可變漫射器的系統的舉例說明圖。 圖2 3至2 6爲槽溝及擋件的改變的尺寸的舉例說明 圖。 圖2 7爲在板件上所得的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖2 8爲對稱式可變漫射器的舉例說明圖。 圖2 9爲不對稱式可變漫射器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 0爲背照顯示器中的可變漫射器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 1爲感測器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 2爲根據另一實施例的感測器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 3爲根據另一實施例的感測器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 4爲條碼掃描器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 5爲根據另一實施例的掃描器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 6爲根據另一實施例的掃描器的舉例說明圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---^ — —-------------^ (請先閱讀背面之注音3事項再填寫本頁) -8 - 501359 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 圖3 7爲根據另一實施例的掃描器的舉例說明圖。 圖3 8爲光管系統的舉例說明圖。 圖3 9爲根據另一實施例的光管系統的舉例說明圖。 圖4 0爲光管系統的舉例說明圖。 圖4 1爲根據另一實施例的光管系統的舉例說明圖。 -------------裳-------—訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 元 件 對照表 1 0 0 系統 1 1 0 準直 光 源 (雷射） 1 2 0 物鏡 1 3 0 圓柱 透 鏡 1 4 0 遮罩 1 5 0 板件 2 3 0 狹縫 3 1 0 第一 側 遮 罩 3 2 0 第二 側 遮 罩 3 3 0 開口 或 狹 縫 8 1 0 漫射 圖 型 8 2 0 漫射 圖 型 8 3 0 漫射 圖 型 8 4 0 漫射 圖 型 8 5 0 漫射 圖 型 8 6 0 漫射 圖 型 2 2 0 0 系統 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -9- 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2 2 1 0 雷射 2 2 2 0 物鏡 2 2 3 0 第一 屏 蔽 2 2 3 5 槽溝 2 2 4 0 遮罩 2 2 5 0 擋件 2 2 6 0 第二 屏 蔽 2 2 6 5 槽溝 2 2 7 0 板件 2 2 8 0 對稱 可 變 漫 射 器 2 9 0 0 不對 稱 可 變 漫 射器 3 0 0 0 背照 顯 示 器 3 0 1 0 可變 漫 射 器 3 0 2 0 光源 3 0 3 0 光源 3 1 0 0 編碼 器 或 感 測 器 3 1 1 0 光源 ( L E D ) 3 1 1 5 光 3 1 2 0 準直 透 鏡 3 1 3 0 偵測 器 3 1 4 0 編碼 器 磁 盤 3 1 5 0 孔 3 2 0 0 感測 器 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -10- 501359 A7 _B7 五、發明說明（8 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 3 2 1 5 光 3 2 2 0 準 直 透 鏡 3 2 3 0 波 導 3 2 3 3 丄M4 m 部 3 2 3 6 上山 m 部 3 2 4 0 編 碼 器 磁 盤 3 2 5 0 孔 3 2 6 0 偵 測 器 3 2 7 0 印 刷 電 路 板（ P C 3 2 8 0 銷 3 3 0 0 感 測 器 3 3 1 0 金 屬 化 凹 槽或 刻 面 3 3 8 0 底 部 3 4 0 0 掃 描 器 3 4 1 0 殼 體 3 4 2 0 光 源 3 4 2 5 光 3 4 3 0 透 鏡 3 4 4 0 聚 焦 透 鏡 3 4 5 0 偵 測 器 陣 列 3 4 6 0 條 碼 3 5 0 0 掃 描 器 3 5 1 0 光 源 3 5 1 5 光 (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -11 - 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（9 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 3 5 2 0 3 5 2 2 3 5 2 4 3 5 2 6 3 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 3 5 5 0 3 6 0 0 3 6 10 3 6 15 3 6 2 0 3 6 2 2 3 6 2 4 3 6 2 6 3 6 3 0 3 7 0 0 3 7 10 3 7 15 3 7 2 0 3 7 2 2 3 7 2 4 3 8 0 0 3 8 10 3 8 15 光管或波導 金屬化表面 全內反射（τ I R )凹槽 可變漫射器 聚焦透鏡 偵測器陣列 條碼 掃描器 光源 光 光管 金屬化表面 全內反射（Τ I R )凹槽 可變漫射器 偵測器陣列 掃描器 光源 光 光管 金屬化表面 反射性可變漫射器 光管系統 光源 光 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -12- 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（10) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 3 8 2 0 3 8 2 2 3 8 2 4 3 9 0 0 3 9 10 3 9 15 3 9 2 0 3 9 2 2 3 9 2 4 3 9 4 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 10 4 0 15 4 0 2 0 4 0 2 2 4 10 0 4 110 4 115 4 12 0 4 12 2 4 12 4 4 14 0 d h 光管 金屬化表面 可變漫射器 光管系統 光源 光 光管 金屬化表面 可變漫射器 偵測器陣列 光管系統 光源 光 光管 可變漫射器 光管系統 光源 光 光管 金屬化或全內反射（T I R)表面 可變漫射器 光成形漫射器 距離 高度 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -13- 501359 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 、發明說明（ 11) P 1 位置 P 2 位置 P 3 位置 P 4 位置 W 距離，寬度 X 軸線 y 軸線 Z 軸線 較佳實施例的詳細敘述 圖1爲根據第一實施例的用來製造可變漫射器或可變 漫射器母機板件的系統1 〇 〇的例示圖。可變漫射器母機 可被用來藉著將可變漫射器母機上的一圖型印記在全息介 質上而在全息介質上產生後續的可變漫射器。系統1 〇 〇 可包含一準直光源例如雷射110，一物鏡120，一圓 柱透鏡130，一遮罩140，及一板件150。系統 1 0 0的所有組件均可沿著軸線X定位。板件1 5 0可位 在沿著軸線X離開遮罩1 4 0 —段距離d處。在操作時， 雷射1 1 0可投射光通過物鏡1 2 0，圓柱透鏡1 3 0， 及遮罩1 40而至板件1 5 0，以在板件1 5 0上產生漫 射或斑紋特徵。物鏡1 2 0，透鏡1 3 0，及遮罩1 4 0 可根據在板件1 5 0上所想要的斑紋的形狀來改變尺寸， 形狀，以及互相之間的距離。 圓柱透鏡1 3 0可被改變以在板件1 5 0上獲得特定 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) -14- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明（12) 的痕跡或漫射器角度。板件1 5 0可爲塗覆有可具有防水 性質的光敏或光阻材料的玻璃板件。距離d可被改變來獲 得特定的斑紋圖型。 圖2爲圖1的板件1 5 0的舉例說明圖。板件1 5 0 以及整個系統1 〇 〇可位在一 X，y，及z座標系統上。 例如，板件1 5 0可位在沿著X軸線離開遮罩1 4 0 —段 距離d處。 圖3爲圖1的遮罩1 40的舉例說明圖。遮罩1 40 可包含彼此的位置分開距離w的第一側遮罩3 1 0及第二 側遮罩3 2 0。第一側遮罩3 1 0及第二側遮罩3 2 0可 組合使用成在遮罩1 4 0產生具有寬度w的開口或狹縫 3 3 0。第一側遮罩3 1 0與第二側遮罩3 2 0之間的距 離可沿著圖2的y軸線改變。在操作時，第一側遮罩 3 1 〇與第二側遮罩3 2 0之間的距離w可改變，以影響 從雷射1 1 0投射的光在板件1 5 0上的分佈。此改變可 產生沿著板件1 5 0的可變的漫射角度。例如，側遮罩之 間的距離w較大可在板件1 5 0上產生較大的漫射角度。 側遮罩之間的距離w較小可在板件1 5 0上產生較小的漫 射角度。 換句話說，狹縫寬度w可被改變來控制通過狹縫 3 3 0的光的量。較小的寬度w會導致較少的光通過狹縫 3 3 0，此直接相應於板件1 5 0上所得的輪廓。較窄的 寬度w可產生較窄的橢圓角度，而較寬的寬度w可產生較 寬的橢圓輪廓。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I--------------------I ^ · I---I--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -15- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 501359 A7 __B7 五、發明說明（13) 藉著暴露且然後移動板件1 5 0以及改變寬度W，各 種不同的角度可被記錄在相同的板件上。這些調整可以用 步進的方式來實施，以在板件1 5 0上獲得正確的分佈角 度。因此’漫射角度可以用步進的方式改變，使得板件 1 5 0上的漫射圖型重疊。如此，可產生具有漸變的漫射 圖型的可變漫射器，此表示漫射角度沒有可感覺到的中斷 〇 另外，板件1 5 0可沿著圖2的任一軸線被重新定位 ，並且狹縫2 3 0的寬度w可被改變，使得當光從雷射 1 1 0投射在板件1 5 0上時，漫射的角度可在板件 1 5 0上的不同位置處改變。另外，板件1 5 0可以遞增 地被重新定位，使得從雷射1 1 〇投射的光隨著狹縫 2 3 0的寬度w被改變而沿著板件1 5 0於遞增位置重疊 。沿著板件1 5 0的此重疊可導致漫射角度的變化。屆時 ，所得的在板件1 5 0上產生的漫射器可在不同位置處於 不同角度漫射光，使得肉眼感覺不到漫射角度的變化。例 如，投射在板件1 5 0上的光可以投射在板件1 5 0上的 光的面積的1 0 %重疊。因此，所得的板件爲於以漸變的 方式改變的角度漫射光的一可變漫射器。 圖4至7爲遮罩1 4 0上的狹縫2 3 0的改變的寬度 w的舉例說明圖。例如，狹縫2 3 0的寬度w可被改變而 達成分別如圖4至7所示的具有0·2mm(毫米）， 0·5mm， 1mm，及3mm的狹縫。圖8爲從狹縫 2 3 0的改變的寬度所得的在板件1 5 0上的重疊漫射圖 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -------------裝--------訂----------線 (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) -16- 501359 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ΚΙ Β7___：_ 五、發明說明（14) 型8 1 0至8 6 0的舉例說明圖。在操作時，板件1 5 0 可在狹縫2 3 0的寬度w改變之下沿著y軸線移動以達成 漫射圖型810至840。 圖9爲板件1 5 0隨著狹縫2 3 0的寬度改變沿著y 軸線移動的移動方向的舉例說明圖。根據較佳實施例，板 件1 5 0沿著y軸線水平地遞增或步進式移動。在每一遞 增改變處，光投射至板件1 5 0上以在板件1 5 0上產生 重疊或改變的漫射圖型。根據另一實施例，板件1 5 0的 移動及狹縫2 3 0的寬度改變可被自動化，使得狹縫 2 3 0的寬度在板件1 5 0移動之下被改變，以在板件 1 5 0上產生一可變漫射圖型。圖1 0爲可能產生在板件 1 5 0上的各種不同的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。漫射圖型 1至4，5至8，9至12，以及13至16分別相應於 狹縫寬度 0 · 2mm，〇 · 5mm，1mm，及 3mm。 圖1 1爲板件1 5 0隨著狹縫2 3 0的寬度改變沿著 z軸線移動的移動方向的舉例說明圖。根據較佳實施例， 板件1 5 0沿著z軸線直立遞增地，步進式地，或自動地 移動’如根據圖9所揭不者。圖1 2爲根據直立移動在板 件1 5 0上可能產生的各種不同的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖 〇 圖1 3至1 6爲遮罩1 4 0上狹縫2 3 0的改變的寬 度w及高度h的舉例說明圖。在此實施例中，可使用額外 的側遮罩來改變狹縫2 3 0的高度。例如，狹縫2 3 0的 寬度w及高度h可被改變成可分別達成如圖13至16所 ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----I--I------- -----訂 I I----- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -17- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 -- B7 五、發明說明（15) 不的具有 〇 · 2x4mm，0 · 2x8mm，〇 · 2x 16mm，及Ο · 2x32mm的尺寸的狹縫。圖17爲 從根據圖1 3至1 6的狹縫2 3 0的改變的寬度分別在板 件1 5 0上所得的漫射圖型8 1 0至8 6 0的舉例說明圖 °當狹縫的長度改變時，漫射器的主角度改變。 圖1 8爲板件1 5 0隨著狹縫2 3 0的尺寸改變沿著 y軸線移動的移動方向的舉例說明圖。根據較佳實施例， 板件1 5 0沿著y軸線水平遞增地，步進式地，或連續地 移動。板件1 5 0可藉著使用自動化系統而沿著y軸線連 續地移動。在每一遞增改變處，光投射在板件1 5 0上以 在板件1 5 0上產生改變的或重疊的漫射圖型。圖1 9爲 板件1 5 0上可能產生的各種不同的漫射圖型的舉例說明 圖。 圖2 0爲板件1 5 0隨著狹縫2 3 0的尺寸改變沿著 z軸線移動的移動方向的舉例說明圖。根據較佳實施例， 板件1 5 0沿著z軸線直立遞增地，步進式地，或連續地 移動，如根據圖9所揭示者，以將光正確地投射在板件 1 5 0上。圖2 1爲根據直立移動在板件1 5 0上可能產 生的各種不同的漫射圖型的舉例說明圖。 圖2 2爲根據另一實施例的用來製造可變漫射器的系 統2 2 0 0的例示圖。系統2 2 0 0可包含雷射2 2 1 〇 ，物鏡2220，第一屏蔽2230，遮罩2240，擋 件2250，第二屏蔽2260，及板件2270。系統 2 2 0 0的所有組件可沿著一軸線X被定位。第一屏蔽可 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------—II 裝！^----訂！ — I-線 (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) -18- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（16) 包含槽溝2 2 3 5，而第二屏蔽可包含槽溝2 2 6 5。圖 2 2顯示第二屏蔽2 2 6 0及板件位在沿著X軸線的不同 位置P 1至P 4處。系統2 2 0 0可位在類似於圖2所示 者的座標系統上。在操作時，雷射2 2 1 0可投射光通過 物鏡2220，第一屏蔽2230，遮罩2240，擋件 2250，以及第二屏蔽2260而至板件2270，以 在板件2 2 7 0上產生漫射特徵。 圖2 3至2 6分別爲可根據位置P 4至P 1改變的槽 溝2 2 3 5及擋件2 2 5 0的改變的尺寸的舉例說明圖。 例如，圖2 6顯示可能有非常大的或沒有任何屏蔽 2 2 3 0及非常小的或沒有任何擋件2 2 5 0用於位置 P 1。板件2 2 7 0上所得的斑紋的改變可被依序地及/ 或重疊地及遞增地或連續地產生，如根據先前的圖式所揭 示者。圖2 7爲從系統2 2 0 0的元件的改變的尺寸及位 置P 1至P 4所得的在板件2 2 7 0上的改變的漫射或斑 紋圖型的舉例說明圖。較大的圓圏代表較大的角度。 以上揭示的系統可被用於整個漫射器逐漸改變漫射角 度的各種不同類形的可變漫射器。漫射角度的逐漸改變表 示漫射角度的遞增改變肉眼感覺不到。此逐漸改變是由重 疊的漫射圖型產生。逐漸改變也可由漫射圖型的自動化連 續產生來產生，其係藉著在改變遮罩的至少一狹縫之下連 續地移動板件。可產生的各種不同類型的可變漫射器可包 含對稱及不對稱的可變漫射器。 圖2 8爲對稱可變漫射器2 8 0 0的舉例說明圖。對 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -------------^---------^------I--^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -19- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 _______ B7 五、發明說明（17) 稱可變漫射器可沿著漫射器具有對稱的漫射角度改變。例 如，漫射器可從在漫射器邊緣處的3度逐漸改變至在漫射 器中心處的2 0度，且改變回至在漫射器的相反邊緣處的 3度。 圖2 9爲不對稱可變漫射器2 9 0 0的舉例說明圖。 不對稱可變漫射器可沿著漫射器具有逐漸不對稱的漫射角 度改變。例如，漫射角度可從在一端部處的較低角度逐漸 改變至在另一端部處的較高角度。在另一例子中，漫射角 度可根據可變漫射器意欲的應用而在沿著可變漫射器的不 同位置處改變。 圖3 0爲背照顯示器3 0 0 0中的可變漫射器的舉例 說明圖。背照顯示器3 0 0 0可包含可變漫射器3 0 1 0 ，以及位在可變漫射器3 0 1 0的相反端部處的光源 3020及3030。在操作時，光源3020及 3030可提供光至背照顯示器3000。可變漫射器 3 0 1 0可沿著沿著背照顯示器3 0 0 0的直立軸線於改 變的角度反射光。例如，直立角度可從在可變漫射器 3 0 1 0的中心處的2 0度改變至在可變漫射器3 0 1 0 的邊緣處的3度。另外，背照顯示器可只包含在可變漫射 器3 0 1 0的一邊緣處的一光源3 0 2 0。在此種實施例 中，可變漫射器3 0 1 0可沿著可變漫射器3 0 1 0的直 立軸線以不對稱的方式改變漫射角度。 圖3 1爲編碼器或感測器3 1 0 0的舉例說明圖。感 測器3 1 0 0可包含例如爲LED的光源3 1 1 0 ’從光 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -20- 501359 A7 __ B7 五、發明說明（18) (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 源3110投射的光3115，準直透鏡3120，編碼 器磁盤3140，於編碼器磁盤3140的孔3150， 以及例如爲光偵測器的偵測器3 1 3 0。在操作時，光源 3 1 1 0投射光3 1 1 5至準直透鏡3 1 20。準直透鏡 3 1 20準直光3 1 1 5以投射至編碼器磁盤3 1 40。 編碼器磁盤3 1 4 0可繞編碼器磁盤3 1 4 0的一軸線旋 轉。偵測器3 1 3 0偵測通過編碼器磁盤3 1 4 0的孔 3 1 50的光3 1 1 5。當編碼器磁盤3 1 40旋轉時， 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 偵測器3 1 3 0可偵測光3 1 1 5的變化。另外，孔 3 1 50可以特定的圖型排列。藉著將孔3 1 50以特定 的圖型排列’偵測器3 1 3 0可偵測光3 1 1 5的變化來 決定編碼器磁盤3 1 4 0的位置。偵測器3 1 3 0可送訊 號至一外部系統，以容許系統來決定編碼器磁盤3 1 4 〇 何時繞其軸線旋轉，繞其軸線旋轉至何種程度，以及以何 種速度繞其軸線旋轉。外部系統也可從送自偵測器 3 1 3 0的訊號來決定編碼器磁盤3 1 4 0的位置。所揭 示的系統不受限於編碼器磁盤。所揭示的系統可與移動的 薄材或是任何其他可用在感測器中的裝置一起使用。 圖3 2爲感測器3 2 0 0的舉例說明圖。感測器 3200可包含例如爲LED的光源3210,從光源 3210投射的光3215，準直透鏡3220，例如爲 全息光管的波導3 2 3 0，編碼器磁盤3 2 4 0，於編碼 器磁盤3 2 4 0的孔3 2 5 0，例如爲光偵測器的偵測器 3 2 6 0，以及印刷電路板（P C B ) 3 2 7 0。波導 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -21 - 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 _ _ B7 五、發明說明（19) 3230可藉著銷3280而被支撐在PCB327〇上 。波導3230可具有端部3233及3236。端部 3 2 3 3及3 2 3 6可被金屬化以反射光3 2 1 5。另外 ，端部3 2 3 3及3 2 3 6可被定位在離開波導3 2 3 0 的底部在3 0度與5 0度之間的角度處。光源3 2 1 0及 偵測器3 2 6 0可位在相同的平面中，並且可均附著於 P C B 3 2 7 0。 在操作時，光源3 2 1 0投射光3 2 1 5至準直透鏡 3 2 2 0。準直透鏡3 2 2 0準直光3 2 1 5以投射通過 波導3230而至編碼器磁盤3240，然後至偵測器 3 2 6 0。波導保持光3 2 1 5的準直，並且將光送至編 碼器磁盤3 2 4 0。編碼器磁盤3 2 4 0可繞編碼器磁盤 3 2 4 0的一軸線旋轉。偵測器3 2 6 0偵測通過編碼器 磁盤3 2 4 0的孔3 2 5 0的光3 2 1 5。當編碼器磁盤 3 2 4 0旋轉時，偵測器3 2 6 0可以用與對於感測器 3 1 0 0所揭示者相同的方式來偵測光3 2 1 5中的變化 〇 圖3 3爲根據另一實施例的感測器3 3 0 0的舉例說 明圖，其中類似的元件以圖3 2的相應元件數字表示。如 圖所示，感測器3300不需使用準直透鏡3220。感 測器3 3 0 0可使用成爲位在波導3 2 3 0內的可變反射 器，金屬化凹槽，或刻面3 3 1 0的形式的可變漫射器。 刻面或可變漫射器可位在波導3 2 3 0的底部3 3 8 0處 。刻面3 3 1 Q可在光3 21 5通過波導3 2 3 0時準直 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — III — — I I-----I----I I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -22- 501359 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7___ 五、發明說明（20) 光32 15。例如，可變漫射器可位在波導3 2 3 0的底 部上，並且可採用改變的反射角度來導致離開偏轉器至編 碼器磁盤3 2 4 0的一準直光。另外，波導3 2 3 0不須 如圖所示的將光3 2 1 5調整1 8 0度。波導3 2 3 0可 將光3 2 1 5引出波導3 2 3 0的側邊，因此編碼器磁盤 3 2 4 0及偵測器3 2 6 0可位在波導3 2 3 0的側邊處 。另外，波導3 2 3 0可將光3 2 1 5引導成使得光可被 引導至波導3 2 3 0的頂部之外而至位在波導3 2 3 0的 上方的編碼器磁盤3 2 4 0及偵測器3 2 6 0。 所揭示的編碼器可被用在例如汽車應用中，以偵測例 如駕駛盤轉動的周轉次數。所揭示的編碼器也可被用在例 如自動臂應用中，以決定自動臂的移動量。因此，所揭示 的編碼器具有廣泛不同的應用，以用於想要決定物體的位 置或移動的情況。 圖3 4爲掃描器3 4 0 0的舉例說明圖。掃描器 3400可包含殼體3410，光源3420，從光源 3420發射的光3425，透鏡3430，聚焦透鏡 3 4 4 0，以及偵測器陣列3 4 5 0。光源3 4 2 0可爲 表面安裝發光二極體（LED)。掃描器3400的所有 組件可如圖3 4所示的附著於殼體3 4 0 0。 在操作時，光源3 4 2 0發射投射通過透鏡3 4 3 0 的光3425。透鏡3430可具有將光3425引至條 碼3460的繞射光柵，而光3425在條碼3460處 反射回至聚焦透鏡3440。聚焦透鏡3440可將光 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----III---I---------—訂 I------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -23- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 __________ B7 五、發明說明（21) 3 4 2 5聚焦及擴散至偵測器陣列3 4 5 0上。然後，偵 測器陣列3 4 5 0可偵測條碼3 4 6 0的圖型。 圖3 5爲根據另一實施例的掃描器3 5 0 0的舉例說 明圖。掃描器3500可包含光源3510，從光源 3510發射的光3515，光管或波導3520，聚焦 透鏡3 5 3 0，以及偵測器陣列3 5 4 0。光源3 5 1 0 可爲表面安裝L ED。另外，光管3 5 2 0可包含包含金 屬化表面3522，全內反射（TIR)凹槽3524， 及可變漫射器3 5 2 6的側面。 在操作時，光源3 5 1 0可發射進入光管3 5 2 0的 光3 5 1 5。光3 5 1 5可從金屬化表面3 5 2 2反射至 TIR凹槽3524〇TIR凹槽3524可將光 35 15反射及重新引至可變漫射器3526。然後，可 變漫射器3 5 2 6將光3 5 1 5聚焦至例如爲條碼 3 5 5 0的物體上。可變漫射器3 5 2 6可實施成使得可 變漫射器3 5 2 6之較遠離掃描器3 5 0 0的中心的部份 是以與可變漫射器3 5 2 6之較靠近掃描器3 5 0 0的中 心的部份相比較大的角度來重新引導光3 5 1 5。因此， 可變漫射器3 5 2 6越遠離掃描器3 5 0 0的中心可具有 越小的漫射角度，而越靠近掃描器3 5 0 0的中心可具有 越大的漫射角度。因此，光3 5 1 5可較有效率地被引向 條碼3 5 5 0。然後，條碼3 5 5 0可將光反射至聚焦透 鏡3 5 3 0。聚焦透鏡3 5 3 0可將光聚焦至偵測器陣列 3 5 4 0上，而偵測器陣列3 5 4 0可偵測條碼3 5 5 0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -------------裝-----— II訂！---線 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) -24 - 501359 A7 __ B7 五、發明說明（22) 上的圖型。 藉著將掃描器3 4 0 0的尺寸減小至掃描器3 5 0 0 的尺寸’可實現較小型的設計。另外，較小的掃描器 3 5 0 0可較爲準確，因爲光3 5 1 5在被偵測器陣列 3 5 4 0偵測之前行進的距離較少。 圖3 6爲根據另一實施例的掃描器3 6 0 0的舉例說 明圖。掃描器3600可包含光源36 10，從光源 3 6 1 0發射的光3 6 1 5 ’光管3 6 2 0，以及偵測器 陣列3 6 3 0。光源3 6 1 0可爲表面安裝LED。另外 ，光管3620可包含包含金屬化表面3622，全內反 射（TIR)凹槽3624，及可變漫射器3626的側 面。 在操作時，光源3 6 1 0可發射進入光管3 6 2 0的 光36 1 5。光36 1 5可從金屬化表面36 22反射至 TIR凹槽3624°TIR凹槽3624可將光 3615反射及重新引至可變漫射器3626。然後，可 變漫射器3 6 2 6可將光3 6 1 5聚焦至偵測器陣列 3 6 3 0上。可變漫射器3 6 2 6可實施成使得可變漫射 器3 6 2 6之較遠離掃描器3 6 0 0的中心的部份是以與 可變漫射器3 6 2 6之較靠近掃描器3 6 0 0的中心的部 份相比較大的漫射角度來重新引導光3 6 1 5。因此，可 變漫射器3 6 2 6越遠離掃描器3 6 0 0的中心可具有越 小的漫射角度，而越靠近掃描器3 6 0 0的中心可具有越 大的漫射角度。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---------------- (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 言· r 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -25- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 ______ B7 五、發明說明（23) 圖3 7爲根據另一實施例的掃描器3 7 0 0的舉例說 明圖。掃描器3700可包含光源3710，從光源 3710發射的光3715，以及光管3720。光源 37 1 0可爲表面安裝LED。另外，光管3720可包 含包含金屬化表面3 7 2 2及反射性可變漫射器3 7 2 4 的側面。 在操作時’光源3 7 1 0可發射進入光管3 7 2 0的 光37 1 5 °光37 1 5可從金屬化表面37 2 2反射至 反射性可變漫射器3 7 2 4。反射性可變漫射器3 7 2 4 可將光37 1 5反射及重新引至光管3720之外。在較 佳實施例中’可變漫射器可在光3 7 1 5從光管3 7 2 0 射出之前準直光3715。因此，可變漫射器3724可 成爲對稱可變漫射器來實施成使得可變漫射器3 7 2 4之 較遠離掃描器3 7 0 0的中心的部份是以與可變漫射器 3 7 2 4之較靠近掃描器3 7 0 0的中心的部份相比較大 的漫射角度來重新引導光3 7 1 5。因此，可變漫射器 3 7 2 4越遠離掃描器3 7 0 0的中心可具有越小的漫射 角度，而越靠近掃描器3 7 0 0的中心可具有越大的漫射 角度。 圖3 8爲光管系統3 8 0 0的舉例說明圖。光管系統 3 8· 00可包含光源3810，從光源3810發射的光 3815，以及光管3820。光源3810可爲表面安 裝L ED。另外，光管3 8 2 0可包含包含金屬化表面 3 8 2 2及成爲反射性可變漫射器的形式的可變漫射器 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----1!! ^^ ----- 訂--— — III — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -26 - 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（24) 3 8 2 4的至少一側面。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在操作時，光源3 8 1 0可發射進入光管3 8 2 0的 光3 8 1 5。光3 8 1 5可從金屬化表面3 8 2 2反射至 可變漫射器3 8 2 4。可變漫射器3 8 2 4可將光 3 8 1 5反射及重新引至光管3 8 2 0之外。在較佳實施 例中，可變漫射器3 8 2 4可在光3 8 1 5射出光管 3820之前準直光3815。因此，可變漫射器 3 8 2 4可實施成使得可變漫射器3 8 2 4之較遠離光源 3 8 1 0的部份是以與可變漫射器3 8 2 4之較靠近光源 3 8 1 0的部份相比較大的漫射角度來重新引導光 38 15。因此，可變漫射器3824越靠近光源 3 8 1 0可具有越小的漫射角度，而越遠離光源3 8 1 0 可具有越大的漫射角度。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖3 9爲根據另一實施例的光管系統3 9 0 0的舉例 說明圖。光管系統3 9 0 0可包含位在光管系統的一側的 光源39 10，從光源39 10發射的光39 15，光管 3 9 2 0，以及偵測器陣列3 9 4 0。光源3 9 1 0可爲 表面安裝L ED。另外，光管3 9 2 0可包含包含反射薄 材例如金屬化表面3 9 2 2以及可變漫射器3 9 2 4的至 少一側面。 在操作時，光源3 9 1 0可發射進入光管3 9 2 0的 側面的光3 9 1 5。光3 9 1 5可從可變漫射器3 9 2 4 的表面被反射。可變漫射器3 9 2 4可將光3 9 1 5重新 引至光管3 9 2 0之外而至偵測器陣列3 9 4 0。因此， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -27- 501359 A7 _ 一 B7 五、發明說明（25) (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 可變漫射器3 9 2 4可實施成使得可變漫射器3 9 2 4之 較遠離光源3 9 1 0的部份是以與可變漫射器3 9 2 4之 較靠近光源3 9 1 0的部份相比較大的漫射角度來重新弓丨 導光3 9 1 5。因此，可變漫射器3 9 2 4越靠近光源 3 9 1 〇可具有越小的漫射角度，而越遠離光源3 9 1 0 可具有越大的漫射角度。 圖4 0爲根據另一實施例的光管系統4 0 〇 〇的舉例 說明圖。光管系統4000可包含光源4010，從光源 4010發射的光4015，以及光管4020。光源 40 10可爲表面安裝LED，並且可位在光管40 20 的側邊處。另外，光管4 0 2 0可包含成爲反射性可變漫 射器的形式的可變漫射器4 0 2 2。 在操作時，光源4 0 1 0可發射進入光管4 0 2 0的 光4 0 1 5。可變漫射器40 2 2可將光40 1 5反射及 重新引至光管4 0 2 0之外。因此，可變漫射器4 0 2 4 可實施成使得可變漫射器4 0 2 4之較遠離光源4 0 1 0 的部份是以與可變漫射器4 0 2 4之較靠近光源4 0 1 0 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 的部份相比較大的漫射角度來重新引導光4 0 1 5。因此 ，可變漫射器4 0 2 4越靠近光源4 0 1 0可具有越小的 漫射角度，而越遠離光源4 0 1 0可具有越大的漫射角度 〇 圖4 1爲根據另一實施例的光管系統4 1 0 0的舉例 說明圖。光管系統4 1 0 0可包含位在光管系統之一側處 的光源4 1 1 0，從光源4 1 1 0發射的光4 1 1 5，光 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -28- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（26) 管4120，以及光成形漫射器4140。光源41 10 可爲表面安裝L ED。另外，光管4 1 2 0可包含包含反 射薄材例如金屬化或全內反射（T I R )表面4 1 2 2以 及可變漫射器4 1 2 4的至少一側面。 在操作時，光源4 1 1 0可發射進入光管4 1 2 0的 側面的光4 1 1 5。光4 1 1 5可從漫射器4 1 2 4的表 面被反射。可變漫射器4 1 2 4可將光4 1 1 5重新引至 光管41 20之外而通過光成形漫射器4140。然後， 光成形漫射器4 1 40可將射出光管4 1 2 0的光成形。 因此，可變漫射器4 1 2 4可實施成使得可變漫射器 4 1 2 4之較遠離光源4 1 1 0的部份是以與可變漫射器 4 1 2 4之較靠近光源4 1 1 0的部份相比較大的漫射角 度來重新引導光4 1 1 5。因此，可變漫射器4 1 24越 靠近光源4 1 1 0可具有越小的漫射角度，而越遠離光源 4 1 1 0可具有越大的漫射角度。 所揭示的掃描器不限於條碼掃描。例如，掃描器 3 5 0 0可被使用成爲貨幣或紙幣接受器。在操作時，貨 幣可被饋入例如販賣機。然後，掃描器3 5 0 0可掃描貨 幣來確定貨幣有效以及判定貨幣値。在此種實施例中，圖 3 5的條碼3 5 5 0可由貨幣取代以供正確操作。偵測器 陣列3 5 4 0可被用來偵測或壁的特徵。 可變漫射器可被用在各種不同的應用中，例如電梯樓 層數字顯示，路邊標誌，機場起飛標誌，商店標誌，出口 標誌’建築照明，加油站標誌’汽車顯7K ’駕駿繪顯示， 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ------------—裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) -29- 501359 A7 B7 五、發明說明（27) 醫藥感測器，感測器照明，機器幻像中的感測器源’全球 定位系統單元，銀行終端機，玩具，或工業應用。 本發明不受限於所示元件的特定組合。所示的元件可 互換以達成其他實施例中每一實施例的益處。例如，圖 3 7至4 0所揭示的光管的形式可與圖3 3的感測器 3 3 0 0組合，以在送光通過編碼器3 2 4 0至偵測器 3 2 6 0之前達成正確的準直。 雖然已經以特定的實施例來敘述本發明，但是對於熟 習此項技術者而言很明顯可有許多另外的選擇，修正，及 改變。因此，此處所揭示的本發明的較佳實施例爲舉例說 明用而非限制性質。在不離開本發明的精神及範圍下可實 施各種不同的改變。 -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -30-Five 'invention description (5) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 9 is an example of the moving direction of the plate. FIG. 10 is an illustration of various diffusion patterns. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving direction of a plate. Figure 12 is an illustration of various diffusion patterns. Figures 13 to 16 are examples of changing widths and heights of the slits. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a diffusion pattern. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving direction of the plate. FIG. 19 is an illustrative diagram of a diffuse pattern. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving direction of the plate. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a diffusion pattern. Figure 22 is an illustration of a system for manufacturing a variable diffuser. Figures 2 to 26 are illustrations of the changing dimensions of the grooves and stoppers. FIG. 27 is an illustration of an example of a diffuse pattern obtained on a plate. Figure 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of a symmetric variable diffuser. FIG. 29 is an illustration of an asymmetric variable diffuser. FIG. 30 is an illustrative diagram of a variable diffuser in a back-illuminated display. FIG. 31 is an illustrative diagram of the sensor. FIG. 32 is an illustrative diagram of a sensor according to another embodiment. FIG. 33 is an illustrative diagram of a sensor according to another embodiment. Figure 34 is an illustration of an example of a barcode scanner. FIG. 35 is an illustrative diagram of a scanner according to another embodiment. FIG. 36 is an illustrative diagram of a scanner according to another embodiment. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) --- ^ — —------------- ^ (Please read the note 3 on the back before filling in (This page) -8-501359 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (6) FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating an example of a scanner according to another embodiment. Figure 38 is an illustration of an example of a light pipe system. FIG. 39 is an illustrative diagram of a light pipe system according to another embodiment. Figure 40 is an illustration of an example of a light pipe system. FIG. 41 is an illustrative diagram of a light pipe system according to another embodiment. ------------- Shang --------- Order --------- Line (Please read the note on the back first? Please fill in this page again) Component comparison table 1 0 0 System 1 1 0 Collimated light source (laser) 1 2 0 Objective lens 1 3 0 Cylindrical lens 1 4 0 Mask 1 5 0 Panel 2 3 0 Slot 3 1 0 First side mask 3 2 0 Second side mask 3 3 0 Opening or slit 8 1 0 Diffuse pattern 8 2 0 Diffuse pattern 8 3 0 Diffuse pattern 8 4 0 Diffuse pattern 8 5 0 Diffuse pattern 8 6 0 Diffuse pattern 2 2 0 0 System This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -9- 501359 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 2 2 1 0 Laser 2 2 2 0 Objective 2 2 3 0 First shield 2 2 3 5 Slot 2 2 4 0 Cover 2 2 5 0 Stopper 2 2 6 0 Second shield 2 2 6 5 Slot 2 2 7 0 Plate 2 2 8 0 Symmetric variable diffuser 2 9 0 0 Asymmetric variable diffuser 3 0 0 0 Back-illuminated display 3 0 1 0 Variable diffuser 3 0 2 0 light source 3 0 3 0 light source 3 1 0 0 encoder or sensor 3 1 1 0 light source (LED) 3 1 1 5 light 3 1 2 0 collimator lens 3 1 3 0 detection Sensor 3 1 4 0 Encoder disk 3 1 5 0 Hole 3 2 0 0 Sensor (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) Mm) -10- 501359 A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (8) Printed clothing by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 3 2 1 5 Light 3 2 2 0 Collimator lens 3 2 3 0 Waveguide 3 2 3 3 丄 M4 m section 3 2 3 6 Uphill m section 3 2 4 0 Encoder disk 3 2 5 0 Hole 3 2 6 0 Detector 3 2 7 0 Printed circuit board (PC 3 2 8 0 Pin 3 3 0 0 Sensor 3 3 1 0 Metalized groove or facet 3 3 8 0 Bottom 3 4 0 0 Scanner 3 4 1 0 Housing 3 4 2 0 Light source 3 4 2 5 Light 3 4 3 0 Lens 3 4 4 0 Focusing lens 3 4 5 0 Detector array 3 4 6 0 Bar code 3 5 0 0 Scanner 3 5 1 0 Light source 3 5 1 5 Light (Please read the note on the back first? Please fill in this page again for this matter) This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -11-501359 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (9) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 3 5 2 0 3 5 2 2 3 5 2 4 3 5 2 6 3 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 3 5 5 0 3 6 0 0 3 6 10 3 6 15 3 6 2 0 3 6 2 2 3 6 2 4 3 6 2 6 3 6 3 0 3 7 0 0 3 7 10 3 7 15 3 7 2 0 3 7 2 2 3 7 2 4 3 8 0 0 3 8 10 3 8 15 Light pipe or waveguide metallized surface total internal reflection (τ IR) groove variable diffuser focusing lens detector array barcode scanner light source light tube metallized surface total internal reflection (T IR) concave Slot variable diffuser detector array scanner light source light tube metalized surface reflective variable diffuser light tube system light source light (please read the note on the back first? Please fill in this page for more details.) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -12- 501359 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (10) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 3 8 2 0 3 8 2 2 3 8 2 4 3 9 0 0 3 9 10 3 9 15 3 9 2 0 3 9 2 2 3 9 2 4 3 9 4 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 10 4 0 15 4 0 2 0 4 0 2 2 4 10 0 4 110 4 115 4 12 0 4 12 2 4 12 4 4 14 0 dh Metal tube surface variable diffusion Light tube system light source light tube metalized surface variable diffuser detector array light tube system light source light tube variable diffuser light tube system light source metal tube or total internal reflection (TIR) surface Variable diffuser light forming diffuser distance height (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -13- 501359 Printed A7 B7 by the Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau Description of the invention (11) P 1 position P 2 position P 3 position P 4 position W distance, Width X-axis y-axis Z-axis Detailed description of the preferred embodiment FIG. 1 is an illustration of a system 100 for manufacturing a variable diffuser or a variable diffuser motherboard in accordance with a first embodiment. The variable diffuser master can be used to create a subsequent variable diffuser on the holographic medium by imprinting a pattern on the variable diffuser master on the holographic medium. The system 100 may include a collimated light source such as a laser 110, An objective lens 120, A cylindrical lens 130, A mask 140, And a plate 150. All components of the system 100 can be positioned along the axis X. The plate 1 50 can be positioned at a distance d from the mask 1 4 0 along the axis X. In operation, Laser 1 1 0 can project light through objective lens 1 2 0, Cylindrical lens 1 3 0, And the mask 1 40 to the plate 1 50, To create a diffuse or streak feature on the plate 150. Objective lens 1 2 0, Lens 1 3 0, And mask 1 4 0 can be changed in size according to the shape of the desired markings on the plate 1 50, shape, And the distance between each other. The cylindrical lens 1 3 0 can be changed to obtain a specific paper size on the plate 1 50. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) I ------------ Install -------- order --------- line (please read the phonetic on the back first? Please fill in this page again for details) -14- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 _ B7 V. Disclosure of Invention (12) Trace or diffuser angle. The plate member 150 may be a glass plate member coated with a photosensitive or photoresist material which may have water-proof properties. The distance d can be changed to obtain a specific zebra pattern. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the plate 150 of FIG. 1. The board 1 50 and the entire system 1 00 can be positioned at one X, y, And z coordinate system. E.g, The plate 1 50 can be located at a distance d from the mask 1 4 0 along the X axis. FIG. 3 is an illustrative diagram of the mask 1 40 of FIG. 1. The mask 1 40 may include a first side mask 3 1 0 and a second side mask 3 2 0 which are separated from each other by a distance w. The first side mask 3 1 0 and the second side mask 3 2 0 can be used in combination to create an opening or slit 3 3 0 with a width w in the mask 1 4 0. The distance between the first side mask 3 1 0 and the second side mask 3 2 0 can be changed along the y-axis of FIG. 2. In operation, The distance w between the first side mask 3 1 0 and the second side mask 3 2 0 can be changed, In order to affect the distribution of the light projected from the laser 110 on the plate 150. This change can result in a variable diffusion angle along the plate 150. E.g, A larger distance w between the side masks can produce a larger diffusion angle on the plate 150. The smaller distance w between the side masks can produce a smaller diffusion angle on the plate 150. in other words, The slit width w may be changed to control the amount of light passing through the slit 3 3 0. A smaller width w causes less light to pass through the slit 3 3 0, This corresponds directly to the contour obtained on the plate 150. A narrower width w produces a narrower ellipse angle, A wider width w results in a wider elliptical profile. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) I -------------------- I ^ · I --- I-- -(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -15- Printed clothing 501359 A7 __B7 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (13) By exposing and then moving the plate 1 50 and changing the width W, Various angles can be recorded on the same board. These adjustments can be implemented in a stepwise manner, In order to obtain the correct distribution angle on the plate 150. So the diffusion angle can be changed in a stepwise manner, Make the diffuse patterns on the plate 150 overlap. in this way, Variable diffuser that produces a diffusive pattern with gradients, This means that there is no appreciable discontinuity in the diffusion angle. In addition, The plate 1 50 can be repositioned along any axis of FIG. 2, And the width w of the slit 2 3 0 can be changed, So that when light is projected from the laser 1 1 0 on the plate 1 50, The angle of diffusion can be changed at different positions on the plate 150. In addition, The plate 1 50 can be repositioned incrementally, The light projected from the laser 1 10 is caused to overlap with the plate 1 50 in an increasing position along with the width w of the slit 2 3 0. This overlap along the plate 150 can lead to a change in the diffusion angle. By then, The resulting diffuser produced on the plate 150 can diffuse light at different positions at different angles, Make the naked eye not feel the change of the diffusion angle. E.g, The light projected on the plate 150 can overlap by 10% of the area of the light projected on the plate 150. therefore, The resulting plate is a variable diffuser that diffuses light at an angle that is changed in a gradual manner. 4 to 7 are diagrams illustrating an example of a changed width w of the slit 2 3 0 on the mask 1 40. E.g, The width w of the slit 2 3 0 can be changed to have a value of 0.2 mm (mm) as shown in Figs. 0 · 5mm, 1mm, And a 3mm slit. Figure 8 is the overlapping diffusion pattern on the plate 1 50 obtained from the changed width of the slit 2 3 0. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). --------- install -------- order ---------- line (please read the note on the back first? Please fill in this page for matters) -16- 501359 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy _ Fives, DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (14) Type 8 10 to 8 6 0 are illustrative diagrams. In operation, The plate 1 50 can be moved along the y-axis under the change in the width w of the slit 2 3 0 to achieve the diffuse patterns 810 to 840. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving direction of the plate member 150 along the y-axis as the width of the slit 230 changes. According to a preferred embodiment, The plate 150 moves horizontally incrementally or stepwise along the y-axis. At every incremental change, Light is projected onto the plate 150 to produce an overlapping or changed diffusion pattern on the plate 150. According to another embodiment, The movement of the plate 150 and the width change of the slit 230 can be automated, So that the width of the slit 230 is changed under the movement of the board 150, To produce a variable diffusion pattern on the plate 150. FIG. 10 is an illustration of various diffusion patterns that may be generated on the plate 150. Diffuse patterns 1 to 4, 5 to 8, 9 to 12, And 13 to 16 correspond to the slit width of 0 · 2mm, 〇 · 5mm, 1mm, And 3mm. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the moving direction of the plate member 150 along the z-axis as the width of the slit 230 changes. According to a preferred embodiment, The plates 1 50 are upright along the z axis, Step by step, Or automatically move 'as shown in accordance with FIG. Figure 12 is an illustration of various diffuse patterns that may be generated on the plate 150 according to the upright movement. Figures 13 to 16 are the changes in the slit 2 3 0 on the mask 1 4 0. An illustration of width w and height h. In this embodiment, An additional side mask can be used to change the height of the slit 230. E.g, The width w and height h of the slit 2 3 0 can be changed to achieve the dimensions shown in Figures 13 to 16, respectively. ^ The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ----- I- -I ------- ----- Order I I ----- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -17- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 -B7 V. Description of the invention (15) No. 0 · 2x4mm, 0 · 2x8mm, 〇 2x 16mm, And slits with a size of 0 2x32mm. FIG. 17 is an illustration of a diffuse pattern 8 1 0 to 8 6 0 obtained from the width of the slit 2 3 0 according to FIGS. 13 to 16, respectively, on the plate 1 50. When the length of the The main angle of the diffuser changes. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving direction of the plate 150 along the y-axis as the size of the slit 230 changes. According to a preferred embodiment, The plate 1 50 is horizontally increasing along the y-axis, Step by step, Or move continuously. The plate 150 can be continuously moved along the y-axis by using an automated system. At each incremental change, Light is projected on the plate 150 to produce a changed or overlapping diffuse pattern on the plate 150. Fig. 19 is an illustration of various diffusion patterns that may be generated on the plate 150. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving direction of the plate 150 along the z-axis as the size of the slit 230 changes. According to a preferred embodiment, The plates 1 50 are upright along the z axis, Step by step, Or moving continuously, As disclosed according to FIG. 9, So that the light is correctly projected on the plate 150. Fig. 21 is an illustration of various diffusion patterns that may be generated on the plate 150 according to the upright movement. Fig. 22 is an illustration of a system 2200 for manufacturing a variable diffuser according to another embodiment. System 2 2 0 0 may include laser 2 2 1 〇, Objective lens 2220, First shield 2230, Mask 2240, Stop 2250, Second shield 2260, And plate 2270. All components of the system 220 can be positioned along an axis X. The first shielding is available. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm). ------------ II Pack! ^ ---- Order! — I-line (Please read the note on the back first? Please fill in this page for matters) -18- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 B7 V. Invention description (16) contains grooves 2 2 3 5, The second shield may include a trench 2 2 6 5. Figure 22 shows the second shield 2 2 60 and the plate positions at different positions P 1 to P 4 along the X axis. The system 2 2 0 0 can be located on a coordinate system similar to that shown in FIG. 2. In operation, The laser 2 2 1 0 can project light through the objective lens 2220, First shield 2230, Mask 2240, Stop 2250, And the second shield 2260 to the plate 2270, To produce a diffuse feature on the plate 2 2 70. Figs. 2 3 to 2 6 are examples of changing dimensions of the grooves 2 2 3 5 and the stopper 2 2 50 that can be changed according to the positions P 4 to P 1, respectively. E.g, Figure 2 6 shows that there may be very large or no shielding 2 2 3 0 and very small or no blocking 2 2 50 for position P 1. The changes in the markings obtained on the plate 2 2 70 can be generated sequentially and / or overlapping and incrementally or continuously, As disclosed in the previous schema. Fig. 27 is an illustrative diagram of the changed diffusion or speckle pattern on the plate 2 2 0 obtained from the changed size and position P 1 to P 4 of the components of the system 2 2 0 0. Larger circles represent larger angles. The system disclosed above can be used for various types of variable diffusers whose diffuser angle is gradually changed throughout the diffuser. The gradual change of the diffusion angle means that the incremental change of the diffusion angle cannot be felt by the naked eye. This gradual change is caused by overlapping diffuse patterns. Gradual changes can also be produced by automated continuous generation of diffuse patterns, This is done by continuously moving the plate under at least one slit of the changing mask. The various types of variable diffusers that can be produced can include both symmetric and asymmetric variable diffusers. FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of a symmetric variable diffuser 2800. Applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) to this paper size ------------- ^ --------- ^ ------ I -^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -19- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 _______ B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (17) The variable diffuser is said to have a symmetric diffusion angle change along the diffuser. E.g, The diffuser can gradually change from 3 degrees at the edge of the diffuser to 20 degrees at the center of the diffuser, And change back to 3 degrees at the opposite edge of the diffuser. FIG. 29 is an illustration of an example of an asymmetric variable diffuser 2900. The asymmetric variable diffuser may have a gradually asymmetric diffusion angle change along the diffuser. E.g, The diffusion angle may gradually change from a lower angle at one end to a higher angle at the other end. In another example, The diffusion angle can be changed at different positions along the variable diffuser depending on the intended application of the variable diffuser. Figure 30 is an illustration of an example of a variable diffuser in a back-illuminated display 300. The back-illuminated display 3 0 0 0 may include a variable diffuser 3 0 1 0, And light sources 3020 and 3030 at opposite ends of the variable diffuser 3 0 1 0. In operation, The light sources 3020 and 3030 can provide light to the backlit display 3000. The variable diffuser 3 0 0 can reflect light at varying angles along the upright axis of the back-illuminated display 3 0 0 0. E.g, The upright angle may change from 20 degrees at the center of the variable diffuser 3 0 1 0 to 3 degrees at the edges of the variable diffuser 3 0 1 0. In addition, The back-illuminated display may include only a light source 3202 at an edge of the variable diffuser 3100. In such an embodiment, The variable diffuser 3 0 1 0 can change the diffusion angle in an asymmetrical manner along the vertical axis of the variable diffuser 3 0 1 0. FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of an encoder or a sensor 3 100. The sensor 3 1 0 0 may include, for example, an LED light source 3 1 1 0 'The paper size of the paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ---------- --- install -------- order --------- line (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -20- 501359 A7 __ B7 V. Invention Description (18) (Please read the note on the back? Matters refill this page) light 3115 projected from source 3110, Collimating lens 3120, Encoder disk 3140, Hole 3150 for encoder disk 3140, And a detector 3 1 3 0 such as a light detector. In operation, Light source 3 1 1 0 projects light 3 1 1 5 to collimating lens 3 1 20. The collimating lens 3 1 20 collimates the light 3 1 1 5 to project onto the encoder disk 3 1 40. The encoder disk 3 1 40 can rotate around an axis of the encoder disk 3 1 40. Detector 3 1 3 0 detects the light 3 1 1 5 through the hole 3 1 50 of the encoder disk 3 1 4 0. When the encoder disk 3 1 40 rotates, Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics. Detector 3 1 3 0 can detect the change of light 3 1 1 5. In addition, The holes 3 1 50 can be arranged in a specific pattern. By arranging the holes 3 1 50 in a specific pattern, the detector 3 1 3 0 can detect the change of the light 3 1 1 5 to determine the position of the encoder disk 3 1 4 0. Detector 3 1 3 0 can send signals to an external system, To allow the system to decide when the encoder disk 3 1 4 〇 rotates about its axis, How much to rotate about its axis, And at what speed it rotates around its axis. The external system can also determine the position of the encoder disk 3 1 40 from the signal sent from the detector 3 1 3 0. The disclosed system is not limited to encoder disks. The disclosed system can be used with moving thin materials or any other device that can be used in a sensor. FIG. 32 is an illustrative diagram of the sensor 3 2 0 0. The sensor 3200 may include a light source 3210, such as an LED, Light 3215 projected from light source 3210, Collimating lens 3220, For example, the waveguide 3 2 3 0 of the holographic light pipe, Encoder disk 3 2 4 0, Hole 3 2 5 0 for encoder disk 3 2 4 0, For example, the detector 3 2 6 0, And printed circuit board (P C B) 3 2 7 0. Fly This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -21-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 501359 A7 _ _ B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (19) 3230 can be supported on PCB 3270 by pin 3280. The waveguide 3230 may have ends 3233 and 3236. The ends 3 2 3 3 and 3 2 3 6 may be metallized to reflect light 3 2 1 5. In addition, The ends 3 2 3 3 and 3 2 3 6 may be positioned at an angle between 30 and 50 degrees away from the bottom of the waveguide 3 2 3 0. The light source 3 2 1 0 and the detector 3 2 6 0 can be located in the same plane. And can be attached to P C B 3 2 7 0. In operation, Light source 3 2 1 0 projects light 3 2 1 5 to collimating lens 3 2 2 0. The collimating lens 3 2 2 0 collimates the light 3 2 1 5 to project through the waveguide 3230 to the encoder disk 3240, Then go to Detector 3 2 6 0. The waveguide maintains the collimation of light 3 2 1 5 And send the light to the encoder disk 3 2 4 0. The encoder disk 32 can rotate around an axis of the encoder disk 3 240. Detector 3 2 6 0 detects light 3 2 1 5 passing through the hole 3 2 5 0 of the encoder disk 3 2 4 0. When the encoder disk 3 2 4 0 rotates, Detector 3 2 6 0 can detect changes in light 3 2 1 5 in the same manner as disclosed for sensor 3 1 0 0. Figure 3 3 is a sensor 3 according to another embodiment Illustration of 3 0 0, Similar elements are represented by corresponding element numbers in FIG. 32. as the picture shows, The sensor 3300 does not need to use a collimating lens 3220. The sensor 3 3 0 0 can be used as a variable reflector located in the waveguide 3 2 3 0. Metal grooves, Or a variable diffuser in the form of a faceted 3 3 1 0. The faceted or variable diffuser can be located at the bottom 3 3 0 0 of the waveguide 3 2 3 0. The facet 3 3 1 Q can collimate when the light 3 21 5 passes through the waveguide 3 2 3 0. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — III — — I I ---- -I ---- II (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -22- 501359 Printed by A7 ___B7___ of the Consumer Cooperatives of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (20) Light 32 15. E.g, The variable diffuser can be located on the bottom of the waveguide 3 2 3 0, And a varying reflection angle can be used to cause a collimated light leaving the deflector to the encoder disk 3 2 40. In addition, The waveguide 3 2 3 0 does not need to adjust the light 3 2 1 5 by 180 degrees as shown in the figure. The waveguide 3 2 3 0 can lead the light 3 2 1 5 out of the side of the waveguide 3 2 3 0, Therefore, the encoder disk 3 2 40 and the detector 3 2 60 can be located at the side of the waveguide 3 2 3 0. In addition, The waveguide 3 2 3 0 can guide the light 3 2 1 5 so that the light can be guided beyond the top of the waveguide 3 2 3 0 and to the encoder disk 3 2 4 0 and the detector located above the waveguide 3 2 3 0测 器 3 2 6 0. The disclosed encoder can be used in, for example, automotive applications, To detect, for example, the number of turns of the steering wheel. The disclosed encoder can also be used in, for example, robotic arm applications, To determine the amount of movement of the robot. therefore, The disclosed encoder has a wide variety of applications, Use it when you want to determine the position or movement of an object. FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of the scanner 3400. The scanner 3400 may include a housing 3410, Light source 3420, Light 3425 emitted from light source 3420, Lens 3430, Focusing lens 3 4 4 0, And the detector array 3 4 5 0. The light source 3 4 2 0 may be a surface-mounted light emitting diode (LED). All components of the scanner 3400 can be attached to the housing 3 400 as shown in FIG. 34. In operation, The light source 3 4 2 0 emits light 3425 projected through the lens 3 4 3 0. The lens 3430 may have a diffraction grating that guides light 3425 to a barcode 3460, The light 3425 is reflected back to the focusing lens 3440 at the barcode 3460. The focusing lens 3440 can adapt the paper size to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm). --- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -23- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Description of the invention (21) 3 4 2 5 Focus and diffuse onto the detector array 3 4 5 0. then, The detector array 3 4 5 0 can detect the pattern of the barcode 3 4 6 0. FIG. 35 is an illustrative diagram of a scanner 3 500 according to another embodiment. The scanner 3500 may include a light source 3510, Light 3515 emitted from light source 3510, Light pipe or waveguide 3520, Focusing lens 3 5 3 0, And the detector array 3 5 4 0. The light source 3 5 1 0 can be a surface-mounted LED. In addition, The light pipe 3 5 2 0 may include a metallized surface 3522, Total Internal Reflection (TIR) groove 3524, And the side of the variable diffuser 3 5 2 6. In operation, The light source 3 5 1 0 can emit light 3 5 1 5 that enters the light pipe 3 5 2 0. The light 3 5 1 5 can be reflected from the metallized surface 3 5 2 2 to the TIR groove 3524. The TIR groove 3524 can reflect and redirect light 35 15 to the variable diffuser 3526. then, The variable diffuser 3 5 2 6 focuses the light 3 5 1 5 onto an object such as a barcode 3 5 50. The variable diffuser 3 5 2 6 may be implemented such that the portion of the variable diffuser 3 5 2 6 that is further away from the center of the scanner 3 5 0 0 is compared with the variable diffuser 3 5 2 6 The portion near the center of the scanner 3 5 0 0 redirects the light 3 5 1 5 at a larger angle. therefore, The further the variable diffuser 3 5 2 6 is from the center of the scanner 3 5 0 0, the smaller the diffusion angle, The closer to the center of the scanner 3 500, the larger the diffusion angle. therefore, Light 3 5 1 5 can be directed to the barcode 3 5 5 0 more efficiently. then, The barcode 3 5 5 0 reflects light to the focusing lens 3 5 3 0. The focusing lens 3 5 3 0 can focus the light onto the detector array 3 5 4 0, The detector array 3 5 4 0 can detect the barcode 3 5 50 0 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------------- -----— Order II! --- Line (Please read the Zhuyin on the back? Please fill in this page for matters) -24-501359 A7 __ B7 V. Illustration on (22). By reducing the size of the scanner 3 400 to the size of the scanner 3 500 ', a smaller design can be realized. In addition, A smaller scanner 3 5 0 0 can be more accurate, Because the light 3 5 1 5 travels less distance before being detected by the detector array 3 5 4 0. FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of a scanner 360 according to another embodiment. The scanner 3600 may contain a light source 36 10, The light emitted from the light source 3 6 1 0 3 6 1 5 ’light pipe 3 6 2 0, And the detector array 3 6 3 0. The light source 3 6 10 can be a surface-mounted LED. In addition, The light pipe 3620 may include a metallized surface 3622, Total Internal Reflection (TIR) groove 3624, And the side of the variable diffuser 3626. In operation, The light source 3 6 1 0 can emit light 36 1 5 that enters the light pipe 3 6 2 0. Light 36 1 5 may be reflected from metallized surface 36 22 to TIR groove 3624 ° TIR groove 3624 may reflect and redirect light 3615 to variable diffuser 3626. then, The variable diffuser 3 6 2 6 can focus the light 3 6 1 5 onto the detector array 3 6 3 0. The variable diffuser 3 6 2 6 can be implemented such that the portion of the variable diffuser 3 6 2 6 that is further away from the center of the scanner 3 6 0 0 is compared with the variable diffuser 3 6 2 6 The portion near the center of the scanner 3 6 0 0 redirects the light 3 6 1 5 compared to a larger diffusion angle. therefore, The variable diffuser 3 6 2 6 has a smaller diffusion angle as it moves away from the center of the scanner 3 6 0 0, The closer to the center of the scanner 360, the larger the diffusion angle. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ---------------- (Please read the note on the back first? Please fill in this page for further information.) · R Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -25- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Description of the Invention (23) Fig. 37 is a diagram illustrating an example of a scanner 37000 according to another embodiment. The scanner 3700 may include a light source 3710, Light 3715 emitted from light source 3710, And light pipe 3720. The light source 37 1 0 may be a surface-mounted LED. In addition, The light pipe 3720 may include sides including a metallized surface 3 7 2 2 and a reflective variable diffuser 3 7 2 4. In operation, the light source 3 7 1 0 can emit light 37 1 5 ° entering the light pipe 3 7 2 0. The light 37 1 5 can be reflected from the metallized surface 37 2 2 to the reflective variable diffuser 3 7 2 4. The reflective variable diffuser 3 7 2 4 can reflect and redirect the light 37 1 5 out of the light pipe 3720. In the preferred embodiment, the ' variable diffuser may collimate the light 3715 before the light 3 7 1 5 is emitted from the light pipe 3 7 2 0. therefore, The variable diffuser 3724 can be implemented as a symmetric variable diffuser such that the portion of the variable diffuser 3 7 2 4 that is farther from the center of the scanner 3 7 0 is the same as the variable diffuser 3 7 2 4 redirects the light 3 7 1 5 compared to the portion that is closer to the center of the scanner 3 7 0 than the larger diffusion angle. therefore, The variable diffuser 3 7 2 4 has a smaller diffusion angle the further away from the center of the scanner 3 7 0 0, The closer to the center of the scanner 3700, the larger the diffusion angle. FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating an example of the light pipe system 380. Light pipe system 3 8 · 00 may contain light source 3810, Light 3815 emitted from light source 3810, And light pipe 3820. The light source 3810 may be a surface-mounted LED. In addition, The light pipe 3 8 2 0 may include a metal diffused surface 3 8 2 2 and a variable diffuser in the form of a reflective variable diffuser. %) ----- 1! ! ^^ ----- Order --- — III — (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -26-501359 A7 B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (24) At least one side of 3 8 2 4. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) During operation, The light source 3 8 1 0 can emit light 3 8 1 5 that enters the light pipe 3 8 2 0. Light 3 8 1 5 can be reflected from the metallized surface 3 8 2 2 to the variable diffuser 3 8 2 4. The variable diffuser 3 8 2 4 reflects and redirects light 3 8 1 5 beyond the light pipe 3 8 2 0. In the preferred embodiment, The variable diffuser 3 8 2 4 can collimate the light 3815 before the light 3 8 1 5 exits the light tube 3820. therefore, The variable diffuser 3 8 2 4 can be implemented such that the portion of the variable diffuser 3 8 2 4 that is farther from the light source 3 8 1 0 is closer to the light source 3 than the variable diffuser 3 8 2 4 The portion of 8 1 0 redirects light 38 15 compared to a larger diffusion angle. therefore, The closer the variable diffuser 3824 is to the light source 3 8 1 0, the smaller the diffusion angle, The farther away from the light source 3 8 1 0, the larger the diffusion angle. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 39 is a diagram illustrating an example of a light pipe system 3900 according to another embodiment. The light pipe system 3 9 0 0 may include a light source 39 10 located on one side of the light pipe system, Light 39 15 emitted from light source 39 10, Light pipe 3 9 2 0, And the detector array 3 9 4 0. The light source 3 9 10 can be a surface-mounted LED. In addition, The light pipe 3 9 2 0 may include at least one side including a reflective thin material such as a metallized surface 3 9 2 2 and a variable diffuser 3 9 2 4. In operation, The light source 3 9 1 0 can emit light 3 9 1 5 entering the side of the light pipe 3 9 2 0. Light 3 9 1 5 may be reflected from the surface of the variable diffuser 3 9 2 4. The variable diffuser 3 9 2 4 redirects light 3 9 1 5 beyond the light pipe 3 9 2 0 to the detector array 3 9 4 0. therefore, This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -27- 501359 A7 _ One B7 Five, Description of the Invention (25) (Please read the Zhuyin on the back? Please fill in this page again) The variable diffuser 3 9 2 4 can be implemented so that the variable diffuser 3 9 2 4 is farther from the light source 3 9 1 0 than the variable diffuser 3 9 2 4 re-bend the light guide 3 9 1 5 compared with the portion with a larger diffusion angle than the portion closer to the light source 3 9 1 0. therefore, The closer the variable diffuser 3 9 2 4 is to the light source 3 9 1 〇 the smaller the diffusion angle, The farther away from the light source 3 9 1 0, the larger the diffusion angle. FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an example of a light pipe system 400 according to another embodiment. The light pipe system 4000 may include a light source 4010, Light 4015 emitted from light source 4010, And light pipe 4020. The light source 40 10 can be a surface-mounted LED, And it can be located at the side of the light pipe 40 20. In addition, The light pipe 4 0 2 0 may include a variable diffuser 4 2 2 in the form of a reflective variable diffuser. In operation, The light source 4 0 1 0 can emit light 4 0 1 5 that enters the light pipe 4 0 2 0. The variable diffuser 40 2 2 can reflect and redirect the light 40 1 5 beyond the light pipe 4 2 0. therefore, The variable diffuser 4 0 2 4 can be implemented such that the portion of the variable diffuser 4 0 2 4 that is farther from the light source 4 0 1 0 is closer to the light source 4 than the variable diffuser 4 0 2 4 0 1 0 The part printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has a larger diffusion angle to redirect the light 4 0 1 5. Therefore, The closer the variable diffuser 4 0 2 4 is to the light source 4 0 1 0, the smaller the diffusion angle, The farther away from the light source 4 0 1 0, the larger the diffusion angle can be. FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating an example of a light pipe system 4 1 0 0 according to another embodiment. The light pipe system 4 1 0 0 may include a light source 4 1 1 0 located on one side of the light pipe system, Light 4 1 1 5 emitted from light source 4 1 1 0, Light This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -28- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Invention description (26) tube 4120, And light-shaping diffuser 4140. The light source 41 10 may be a surface-mounted LED. In addition, The light pipe 4 1 2 0 may include at least one side including a reflective thin material such as a metallized or total internal reflection (T I R) surface 4 1 2 2 and a variable diffuser 4 1 2 4. In operation, The light source 4 1 1 0 can emit light 4 1 1 5 entering the side of the light pipe 4 1 2 0. Light 4 1 1 5 may be reflected from the surface of the diffuser 4 1 2 4. The variable diffuser 4 1 2 4 can redirect the light 4 1 1 5 out of the light pipe 41 20 and pass through the light shaping diffuser 4140. then, The light shaping diffuser 4 1 40 can shape the light exiting the light pipe 4 1 2 0. therefore, The variable diffuser 4 1 2 4 can be implemented such that the portion of the variable diffuser 4 1 2 4 that is farther from the light source 4 1 1 0 is closer to the light source 4 than the variable diffuser 4 1 2 4 The part 1 1 0 redirects the light 4 1 1 5 compared to a larger diffusion angle. therefore, The closer the variable diffuser 4 1 24 is to the light source 4 1 1 0, the smaller the diffusion angle, The farther away from the light source 4 1 10, the larger the diffusion angle. The disclosed scanner is not limited to barcode scanning. E.g, The scanner 3 5 0 0 can be used as a currency or banknote acceptor. In operation, Money can be fed into, for example, a vending machine. then, The scanner 3 5 0 0 can scan the currency to determine the validity of the currency and determine the currency. In such an embodiment, The barcode 3 5 50 of Fig. 3 can be replaced by currency for correct operation. Detector array 3 5 4 0 can be used to detect or wall features. Variable diffusers can be used in a variety of applications, For example, digital display of elevator floor, Roadside sign, Airport takeoff sign, Store sign, Exit sign ’architectural lighting, The gas station logo ‘7K’ is displayed on the car. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -Line (Please read the Zhuyin on the back? Please fill in this page again for matters) -29- 501359 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (27) Medical sensor, Sensor lighting, The sensor source in the machine phantom ’GPS unit, Bank terminal, toy, Or industrial applications. The invention is not limited to the specific combination of elements shown. The elements shown are interchangeable to achieve the benefits of each of the other embodiments. E.g, The form of the light pipe disclosed in FIGS. 37 to 40 can be combined with the sensor 3 3 0 0 of FIG. 3. In order to achieve the correct collimation before sending light through the encoder 3 2 40 to the detector 3 2 60. Although the invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, But it is obvious to those skilled in the art that there are many other options, Correction, And change. therefore, The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are illustrative and not limiting in nature. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. ------------- Installation -------- Order --------- line (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The paper size printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperative is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)