TW494640B - Method and apparatus for a pulse decoding communication system using multiple receivers - Google Patents

Abstract

A multiple receiver approach is disclosed for a pulse decoding communication system, which can enhance system robustness and increase information carrying capacity. Two or more receivers are used to produce groups of pulses from a received signal. In one embodiment, system robustness is enhanced by redundancy. In another embodiment, information capacity is increased by producing independent groups of pulses from one cycle of an analog waveform.

Description

494640 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (i) Cross-reference to related patents This patent is U.S. Patent No. 09 / 429,527 filed on October 28, 1999. The name is "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING PULSES FROM ANALOG WAVEFORMS" and in U.S. Patent Case No. 09 / 805,845, filed on March 13, 2001 " CIRCUITRY WITH RESISTIVE INPUT IMPEDANCE FOR GENERATING PULSES FROM ANALOG WAVEFORMS, 'part of the extension, these two have been transferred to the present invention, and only listed here For reference. This patent is related to the U.S. Patent No. 09 / 429,519 filed on October 28, 1999. The name 'A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION USING PULSE DECODING " and the U.S. Patent No. filed on March 13, 2001 09 / 805,854 Name " METHOD AND APPARATUS TO RECOVER DATA FROM PULSES ..., 4 daggers have been transferred to the present invention, and are only listed here for reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication technology by converting any analog waveform into a continuous pulse. In U.S. Patent No. 09 / 429,519, the communication system described in FIG. 1 shows that a group pulse is provided to a decoding (determination) device 14. The decoder disclosed herein may, for example, receive pulses by counting pulses. The additional response technique is. U.S. Patent No. 09 / 805,854. You want to increase the soundness of your system with techniques that have been exposed in previously identified applications. The use of this system can be further enhanced by increasing their information carrying capacity. -4- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 494640 V. Description of the invention (2 Summary of the invention According to the present invention, a method and a device for a communication circuit provide information for recognizing and receiving signals. The communication circuit includes at least two receiving circuits. The signal of: can be provided to each receiver circuit. Each receiver circuit can be configured according to the present invention in order to respond to the detection of some parts of the received signal: include-group -The output of multiple pulses. The output of each receiver is given to a decision device to generate one or more symbols. 疋 "In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the group pulses from each receiver can be determined through The device processes to generate a single charge, and the living king pays early. In an embodiment of the present invention, 'this information transmission will be more robust due to the redundancy of the information. In another embodiment of the present invention, The processing of a group of mamu receivers from the Tmumu mother receiver can generate a symbol from each group, and then the information carrying ability can be obtained. The brief description of the drawings can be explained by considering the following Detailed description and accompanying drawings for better understanding. Figure 1 shows a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 shows a circuit used as a display circuit for receiving signals' · Figure 3 shows a waveform generated by the circuit of Figure 2; Fig. 4 depicts another specific embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 still depicts another specific embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a typical circuit implementation of one of the specific embodiments shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 depicts Fig. 6 A specific embodiment of the circuit may carry two symbols within __ of the J_ ^ analog waveform; ^ period FIG. 8 shows an s-shaped transmission function according to the present invention; FIG. 9 shows an N-shaped transmission function according to the present invention; _ · 5- This paper size applies Chinese National Standards (CNS) M specifications (21 × 297 public reply) -5- V. Description of the invention (3 Figures and 1) Description of the two types of transmission power used by the circuit of the invention is special Please refer to FIG. 1 for the description of the specific embodiment, which is a communication system 10 according to Benpe + Knowledge. A transmission unit 2 can receive the transmission information P. In the present invention: : Medium 'transmission unit-waveform generator can generate representative information ... complex analog waveforms of information. According to the present invention, each symbol has a-corresponding waveform. The transmission unit can generate-analog waveform signals, including individual analog waveforms representing individual symbols in the information. Analog waveform signals can be in-Tongdang The transmission medium is transmitted to a receiver unit 4. The receiver unit can generate an analog waveform signal like the same received signal y⑴. The received signal y⑴ can be provided to—input person n, which can provide many receivers ^ 12'1, ... ·, 12 · N ° As described below, the configuration of each receiver can respond to the received signal by generating the Zhenbao output 15. The output of each receiver can be provided to a decision device 14. The shirt device can generate a slave-letter (For example,-the letter can contain 3 characters, " 〇〇1 „, " 〇1〇",, 〇11 ", 101, 110, and " 111 "), Used as an oscillator output function provided to it. An output 19 of the determining device can output characters. For example, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the determining device 14 only counts the number of pulses per group of pulses. In this way, for example, the pulse count may be defined as a 3-bit sub-frame "000", and a pulse count of 2 may be mapped to a 3-bit character "," etc. The pulse counting circuit is known, so no further discussion of this circuit is needed. The additional implementation of the hair-determining device can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 09 / 805,854. Special applications will determine factors such as cost, efficiency, system complexity, circuit The size of the duplicate paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 (210X 297 mm) -6-

Miscellaneous and so on. A A ^ County is considering implementation of the present invention. In another embodiment of the present invention, the generating part M, ...: In the embodiment, the transmission unit 2 includes a waveform analog signal and a modulation circuit 2B. In this special case, A &A; In your case, it is assumed that the analog waveform signal itself is not suitable for transmission. For example, an analog waveform is used for two-way communication: the system is a traditional radio transmission system, and Q and Q must be modulated on a carrier signal. In this case, the modulation circuit may be a conventional radio modulation system. Therefore, the reception state may include a demodulation circuit to generate an analog waveform signal that is regarded as a received signal. Cry, according to the present invention—a simple embodiment, the pass k from the transmission unit 2 to the reception of two, two, and four can be transmitted on a wired or wireless channel. Analogy: The receiver unit can be some Kind of filter preparation circuit. _ More complex embodiments require analog waveform signals to be modulated in a -peripheral manner to be suitable for the transmission medium, so they can be demodulated. Type: The transmission method of the dagger waveform signal is irrelevant to the implementation of the present invention (such as modulation, whether it is necessary, etc.). Any of many known transmission technologies may be used. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the establishment of an analog waveform signal may occur. First, a set of symbols containing information can be defined. This is the binary code for " and " ^. A symbol group can be a two-digit binary character, that is, a is related to it ^, " (^, • ^ ", ^ ". The symbol can be a word in the English language ^ Z " For each symbol (character), at least one analog waveform is followed, and information 17 (Figure 1) is receivable. For each number, the waveform generating part 2A of the transmission unit 2 can generate a corresponding analog waveform. Analog 2 shape

494640 A7 __wr__ 5. Description of the invention (5) It can be digitized, and the analog generation part can be a digital signal processor (DSP) that performs a table query to generate analog waveforms. Other traditional techniques may be suitable for performing this function. The analog waveforms can be combined to produce an analog waveform signal constituting the transmitted information 17. In a specific embodiment of the invention, individual analog waveforms for each symbol are available for radio transmission. 10A and 10B, the circuit disclosed in the present invention has a transmission function such as one of an S-shaped device shown in FIG. 10A or an N-shaped device shown in FIG. 10B. For the purposes of the present invention, the "transmission function" of a circuit can be considered as the relationship between any two state changes of a circuit. Typical characteristics of electronic circuits are their I-V curves related to changes in current and voltage. This curve shows the change of a state variable (such as current) when the state variable (voltage) changes. As can be seen from Figs. 10A and 10B, each transmission function includes a portion located in an area 1004, and this area is referred to herein as an "unstable" area. The unstable region is a line delimited by either end of the transmission regions 1006 and 1008, and each end thereof is referred to herein as a "stable π region. The circuit according to the present invention has a relevant π operating point π defined as the position of the transmission function 1002. The circuit output The essence is determined by the position of its operating point. If the operating point is located along a part of the transmission function within the area 1004, the output of the circuit will oscillate. Therefore, it is found that the area 1004 of this transmission function part is visible It is an unstable region. If the operating point is a part of the transmission function located along any of the regions 1006 and 1008, the output of the circuit will usually change with time, but instead there is no oscillation. For As far as this region is concerned, the regions 1006 and 1008 can be regarded as stable regions. Please refer to FIG. 2 which is a description of the communication circuit 20 according to the present invention. This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297). %)

Equipment ij 494640 A7 B7 Five Invention Description (6) Example. This circuit contains 3 receiver circuits 25-27. Each receiver circuit is configured to respond to the amplitude of the received signal y⑴ or the ramp of the received signal. The output of each receiver circuit can be provided to the decision device 14 (Figure 1). An input 21 of the communication circuit 20 can be provided to receive the signal y⑴. An input can be provided to each of the three buffers 23. Each receiver 25-27 has this buffer. The receiver-containing circuit is characterized by having the above-mentioned stable and unstable regions. More specifically, in a specific embodiment, the circuit has an unstable region delimited by two stable regions. A first receiver 25 includes an operational amplifier U1. In this particular embodiment, the operational amplifier can use the LM 7121 operational amplifier. The configuration of the operational amplifier is a negative feedback path that includes a resistive element with a resistance of approximately 1KΩ. R1 couples the output of the op amp to its negative input. An input signal can be supplied to the negative input terminal through a capacitive element C1 having a capacitance of about 0.4 milliFarad. A positive feedback path can be provided through a voltage divider, which contains approximately a 68Ω resistor and approximately a 10Ω resistor in series. One Vce pin of the operational amplifier is coupled to + 3.5V, and one Vdd of the operational amplifier is coupled to -1.5V. A second receiver 26 includes an LM 7121 operational amplifier U2. The configuration of the operational amplifier includes a positive feedback pin. A capacitive element C2 is included between the operational amplifier output and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier. The capacitive element has a capacitance of approximately 68 nanofarads. A negative feedback pin includes a voltage divider configured from resistor elements R5 and R6, and these resistors have a resistance of approximately 68Ω and 10Ω, respectively. An input signal is coupled to the positive input terminal via a resistive element R4 having approximately 680Ω. One Vcc pin of the operational amplifier -9- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)

Installation 494640 A7 B7 V. Invention description (7) is connected to -1.5V, and a Vdd connection is connected to + 3.5V. A third receiver 27 is configured using an LM 7121 operational amplifier. A capacitive element with approximately 68 nanofarads is coupled between the op amp output and its positive input. A voltage divider circuit connects the output of an op amp to its negative input. The voltage divider circuit includes a resistive element R8 having approximately 68Ω and a resistive element R9 having approximately 10Ω. An input is coupled to the positive input of the operational amplifier via a resistive element R7. The resistance element R7 has a resistance of about 680Ω. The Vcc pin of the op amp is connected to -3.5V, and Vdd is connected to + 1.6V. Additional circuits are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 09 / 429,527 and U.S. Patent No. 09 / 805,845, which are listed here for reference only. The particular implementation of the receiver circuit will depend on factors such as cost, system complexity, circuit complexity, etc .; the implementation of the invention need not be considered. The receiver 25 is configured to have an S-shaped transmission characteristic. As described below, this receiver can respond to an input analog signal ramp provided to its input. More specifically, the receiver 25 is configured to respond to the positive amplitude portion of an input analog signal by generating a burst. The configuration of the receiver 26 has an N-shaped transmission characteristic. As described below, this receiver is sensitive to the amplitude of the input analog signal. More specifically, the receiver 26 can be configured to generate bursts in response to the positive amplitude portion of an input analog signal. The configuration of the receiver 27 has an N-shaped transmission characteristic. In this particular problematic embodiment, the receiver is configured to respond to the negative amplitude component of an input analog signal. The receiver 27 can generate pulses only in response to the negative amplitude part of an input signal. -10- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)

Install 494640 A7 B7 five invention description (8 bursts. Please refer to Figures 2 and 8. The receiver 25 has an S-shaped transmission function. When the rate change of i is zero, the relationship between V and i can be expressed as V = ψ⑴ Figure 8 shows the transmission function of the receiver circuit 25. When the difference voltage (V +-V ·) is greater than zero, the output saturation voltage of the operational amplifier U1 is proportional to E +. Conversely, when the difference voltage is less than zero, the output saturation voltage Is proportional to E _. The equations for voltage Va, Vcl, V, and current i are as follows:

Va = Vcl + V dV dVa i dt dt C lim L- > 0 ν-Ψϋ) Equation (1) Equation (2), and Equation (3)

Where L is the parasitic inductance of the component leads, V is the voltage on the reverse input of the operational amplifier, i is the current flowing through R1, the signal received by Va *, and Vci is the voltage across the capacitive element C1. The m receiver circuit 25 has an important operating point along the transmission function curve. These operating points can be found by Equation 2 setting dV / dt = 0 and Equation 3 setting di / dt = 0. As described above, when V = ψ (i), di / dt = 0. To simplify the analysis, assume that 乂 3 is a triangle wave source. The time source of this waveform is equal to V. Where V. Is a constant. Therefore, the operating point can be at i = + CV. Intersection with the linear function of the transfer function, and at i = + CV. Occurs at the intersection with the linear function of the transfer function. If the operating point is located in any of the positive slope wave lines slopel or slope3 as shown in FIG. 8 (that is, the stable region), the output of the circuit will be non-oscillating. However, if the operating point is on the negative slope line slope2, which is the unstable region, a continuous "jump" will occur. In the time domain, this is on the output of the circuit. -11-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 494640 A7 B7. 5. Description of the invention (9) It can be seen that it is a series of oscillations. In other words, the working points along slope and slope3 are stable working points. In other words, the working point along slope2 is an unstable working point. For the transmission function shown in Figure 8, slope2 is only related to the line i = -CV. cross. This means that oscillations can only be observed when dVa / dt is negative. This is the case where the configuration of the receiver circuit 25 is in response to a negative ramp of a supplied signal. When dVa / dt is positive, no Zhenbao can be observed. By changing the negative ramp of any analog signal, the operating point can be moved (" forced ") between the unstable and stable regions. This action can generate cycles of oscillating and non-oscillating behavior. Thus, for a circuit with an S-shaped transmission function curve, it can change the "slope wave" of the analog waveform provided by the circuit's operating point between forcing π between stable and unstable regions. Please refer to Figures 2 and 9. Receive The receiver 26 has a transmission function according to the relationship between the two voltages ¥ 1 and V. The receiver 26 is characterized by an N-shaped transmission function shown in FIG. 9, where V is the voltage on the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier, and V! Is the voltage across capacitor C2. The N-shaped transmission function of Figure 9 shows that an unstable region of operation 904 is bordered by two stable regions of operations 906 and 908. The transmission function shown in Figure 9 Vcc and Vdd are obtained by biasing the operational amplifier correctly. Thus, for the receiver 26 in FIG. 2, Vcc is set to -1.5V and Vdd is set to + 3.5V. The unstable region is defined as dVJdV It is a region with negative chirp, and a stable region is defined as a region where dVi / dV is positive chirp. The determining equation of the receiver circuit 26 is as follows: -12- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) B7 V. Hair Instructions (10

Vi = V (V)

C ^ = KZV

dt R Equation (4) Equation (5) Equation 4 represents the relationship between v and v. The operating point of the circuit can be obtained by setting the dVi / dV in Wan Cheng 5 to zero and finding a person cross with νι = ψ (ν). By moving this operating point in and out of the above-mentioned unstable region, a controlled relaxation oscillation behavior (unstable operation) can be observed. The stallion is clearly in the form of one or more bursts. In this special case, the private pressure vs. can control the amplitude of the analog waveform source 29 of the operating point. An analog waveform source is a received signal that represents an acquisition pulse. Since the unstable region dVl / dV < 0 is in the V > 0 plane, the circuit 26 will only vibrate in response to some positive amplitude range of the analog waveform. Except that Vdd is biased, a similar N-shaped transmission function is available in the receiver circuit 27, so the receiver can generate a vibration output during the negative amplitude of the input signal. Note that in this case, the unstable region dVl / dV < 0 is on the V < 0 plane. Therefore, the circuit r will only oscillate in response to some negative amplitude range of the analog waveform. Please refer to FIG. 3 ′, which shows the experimental results of the circuit 20 described in FIG. 2. For this experiment, a signal generator 21 is the source representing the received signal y (t) (Figure 1). The analog signal generated by the signal generator can be supplied to the receiver 25-27. Waveform 32 is an analog waveform showing the input. The waveform 34 is obtained on the output of the receiver 25. Similarly, waveforms 36 and 38 are the outputs of receivers 26 and 27, respectively. As expected above, the 'waveform 34' shows that the pulse group 31 is only negative to the signal 32-13-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) _ ____ B7 V. Description of the invention T ^ 11) " ~~-Receiver 25 generates the ramp wave period. Similarly, the burst ^ is found in the waveform% during the positive amplitude portion of the input signal 32. It can be seen from the waveform% ^ that the receiver 27 can generate the pulse group 35 during the negative amplitude portion of the input signal 32. That is, the pulse group 15 is provided to a decision device 14. The decision device can process the burst to determine the characters to be generated. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, each period of the received signal is a character representing a letter; for example, a binary "0 ,, and, 1" is a character constituting a binary letter. Another example is A letter contains 4 two-character characters, which are " ⑻ ,, ", 10, and 11. The description is merely an example illustrating the operation of the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation on the present invention. For each cycle of the received signal, each receiver 25_27 will generate one or more bursts as described in FIG. Bursts generated by any particular receiver are assigned to a character in the letter. Since each period represents a character, each of the three bursts generated by the three receivers can be mapped to that character. In this way, the decision device 14 which can receive three bursts can provide redundant information. Ideally, each group can be mapped to the same character X to show that the characters contained in the receiver signal are indeed characters, x,, and have a very high degree of reliability. However, due to the image of the transmission channel, the received signal y⑴ will be lost. In this case, the decisive device can provide bursts from 3 receivers that will not map the same characters. The decision device must be tested through the use of known techniques to determine what character it will miss. For example, a soft decision with some type of weighting function that can provide the number of pulses produced by each receiver can be used. Additional technology is disclosed in US Patent No. 09 / 805,854. By having -14- this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 / ^ 7 ---------, invention description (12 A7 B7 Evening Receiving $ Multi-received signal, state) When the device is lost or bluffed, Fengyuan's more accurate guess can be achieved. Therefore, this particular embodiment can effectively improve the soundness of the _multiple receiver pulse decoding system. In another example of the present invention, the configuration of multiple receiver pulse decoding, system, and "None" can increase the information capacity. In US Patent No. 09 / 429'527 The disclosed pulse decoding system includes a single receiver. In this way, the receiver can only decode one symbol during one cycle of the analog waveform. M P Referring to Figures 4 and 5 ', the two receivers are described based on the idea of the present invention that can increase the data capacity. The receiver configuration example is shown in Fig. 4. The receiver 40 shown in Fig. 4 includes two receiver circuits 42 and 44 and is parallel to each other. The mother of the receiver 40 includes a controlled edger with an S transmission characteristic. ^ The ramp wave at the end of the wave. The state of the controlled oscillator Count X and y again. The first receiver 44 has an unstable region in a part of the transmission characteristics of 乂> 0. Similarly, the second receiver 42 has a Stable area.-The generation of analog waveforms can include a first part and a second part, which can be selected separately from each other. For example, Figure 7 shows a period of a trapezoidal wave, which has a special measurement (ie It is slope 値), a positive slope wave part and a special measured negative slope wave part. As can be seen from Figure 7, the two slope wave parts can be selected separately from each other. This will be among the other waveforms. It is still within the scope of ^. It is still according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, and then considers a first 7L and a second rare element. The analog waveform 6 spoons can be established, so it has-forward skew Wave part, and the positive oblique wave part has a positive oblique wave that can be selected by the first sub-wave. The analog waveform also includes-negative oblique wave part 494640 A7 ________B7 1. Description of the invention (13) '~, and the negative oblique wave The wave portion has a negative ramp wave that can be chosen to represent one of the second characters. Therefore, the resulting wave The deformation is adjustable and transmitted to the demodulator 4 (graphics) to reduce a received signal y (t) of the original analog waveform. The received signal can be provided to the receiver 40. Of course, in terms of implementation, the analog waveform Many of this period can be established, so a continuous signal can be generated and then transmitted. In the receiver 40, an analog signal can be provided to the receiver circuit 42. The receiver circuit 42 can respond to a negative ramp wave at its output v. ^ In the above, one group of one or more pulses is representative of the first character. Similarly, the receiver material can respond to a positive ramp wave and generate another group of one or more pulses representing the second character. Since the waveform part (ie (The ramp wave part) can be selected individually, so the two groups of pulses can also be selected separately from each other. Each group of pulses represents a symbol, so two separately selected symbols can be transmitted through one cycle of an analog waveform through the present invention. This cycle view of the present invention represents a technology that surpasses previous techniques. In theory, traditional communication systems can decode the symbols contained in a cycle of an analog waveform. In practice, however, this cannot be achieved because the demodulator is not fast enough to respond to only one cycle of an analog waveform and decode it to produce a signal. Therefore, the present invention can quickly demodulate and have higher information capacity. FIG. 5 illustrates another specific example of a receiver according to the viewpoint of the present invention, which includes two receiver circuits 52,54. Each receiver circuit includes controlled oscillator circuits 52, 54 having an N-shaped transmission characteristic. The state variable of the controlled oscillator is x * y. The first receiver circuit 52 has an unstable region in the region of y> 0, and the second receiver circuit 52 has an unstable region $ in the-region of "0". Receiver circuit 52-16- This paper ruler is used in China @ 家 标准 (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ 297 公 董) '' --------- 494640 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14 The positive and negative amplitude parts of any one cycle of an analog waveform are sensitive. FIG. 6 shows a circuit configuration of the receiver 50. The receiver circuit 64 includes an LM 7121 operational amplifier, which can provide a negative feedback path through resistors R5 and R6 configured by a voltage divider. Resistor R5 is approximately 68Ω and resistor R6 is approximately 10Ω. The operational amplifier includes a positive feedback path, and the positive feedback path includes a capacitive element C1 whose capacitance 値 is approximately 68 nF. The Vec pin of the op amp is set at -1.0V, and its Vdd pin is + 3.5V. A buffer circuit 62 can provide an input signal to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier via a series resistor R4. The receiver circuit 66 has the same configuration except that the pin Vcc of the operational amplifier in the circuit 66 is set to -3.5V and its Vdd is set to + 1.0V. The bursts may be generated by the receiver 64 in response to the positive amplitude portion of the analog waveform, and the receiver 66 may be in response to the negative positive amplitude portion of the analog waveform. If a period of an analog waveform contains positive and negative amplitude parts, and each part can carry a symbol, then a period of an analog waveform can carry two symbols. A signal generator 61 can be used to simulate the received signal y (t). The output of the signal generator is waveform 71 shown in FIG. Waveforms 73 and 75 show how receivers 64 and 66 respond to one cycle of the analog waveform generated by the signal generator, respectively. During a positive portion 76 of the waveform, the receiver 64 may respond by generating a first group of pulses 72, and the receiver 66 may substantially maintain a steady state output. During a negative travel portion 78 of the waveform, the receiver 66 responds by generating a second burst 74, while the receiver 64 maintains a substantially steady state output. The determination device 14 (Fig. 1) can then map the first group of pulses to a symbol (character), and map the second group of pulses to a symbol (-17- This paper scale applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm)

5. Description of the invention (So, it can be seen that at least two symbols can be compared to the period of the analog waveform: the foregoing. You can infer the disclosure of the present invention to obtain a receiver-each cycle of the received waveform generates more than two different Selected symbols. * This, the single-period of the-analog waveform at the transmitting station 2 (Figure 1) can be formed, there are 3 (or more) individually selected parts, each part is representative-~ After receiving 4, 3 (or more) groups of pulses can be generated by 3 (or more) receiver circuits in response to the analog signal ^ the same part. The pulse group can be = to the mapping decision device 14, or can be decoded In order to describe the three symbols, the present invention is described with reference to a specific embodiment. Various pulse circuits with resistance input impedance have been provided to generate pulses from analogy M. The resistance input impedance is easy to match with other circuits because of the frequency It is an independent term. Broadband matching is not a major problem. Widely, the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, but various modifications, changes, alternative structures, and the like are also included in the scope of the present invention. The described invention is not limited to operations in certain special data processing environments, but can be arbitrarily operated in plural data processing environments. Although the present invention is described from the perspective of specific embodiments, Those skilled in the art can understand that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific specific embodiments described. In addition, although the present invention is described using a special combination of hardware and software, it can be confirmed that The combination is also within the scope of the present invention =. The present invention can be implemented only in hardware, software, or using the aforementioned combination, which is -18- ', 494640 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) Because of the efficiency goal and has nothing to do with the invention Therefore, the specifications and drawings are only descriptions rather than limitations. However, it is obvious that additions, reductions, and other modifications can be achieved without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as published in the patent application. -19- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

W4640 A8 B8 .. A method for recovering information from a single cycle of an analog waveform, comprising: generating a first group of one or more pulses based on a first portion of the analog waveform; and according to the analog waveform Generating at least a second group of one or more pulses from a second portion of the first; and generating at least one symbol from the first and second group of pulses of the child. 2. The method of claiming a patent, further comprising receiving-transmitting a signal and generating the analog waveform from the transmitted signal. 3. The method according to item i of the patent application, wherein the first group generating one or more pulses comprises detecting a first ramp portion of the analog waveform or a first amplitude of the analog waveform. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second group generating one or more pulses comprises detecting a second ramp portion of the analog waveform, or a second amplitude of the analog waveform. 5. The method of claim 1 in which the analog waveform represents a single-symbol, and generating at least one symbol includes generating a single symbol based on the first and first group of pulses. 6. The method of claim 1 in the patent application range, wherein the analog waveform represents at least two symbols, and the generating at least one symbol includes generating a first symbol according to the first group of pulses, and generating the first symbol according to the second group of pulses. One second symbol. 7 · If you apply for the method of item 1 of the patent scope, these steps can be analogized _ -20- This paper size is suitable for financial standards (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public love), 4, and the cycle is heavy To generate at least one symbol for each additional cycle of the analog waveform. 8. A method for generating information from an analog waveform, the analog waveform having ramp and amplitude measurements, the method comprising: "a first measurement with a first chirp, and which can be generated in response to the first measurement A first group of one or more pulses; detecting a second measurement having a second chirp, and generating a second group of one or more pulses in response to the second measurement day; and according to? S One and the second group of pulses to generate at least one symbol. 9. The method of item 8 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the detection steps can be performed on a single cycle of the analog waveform. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of generating at least one symbol is a step of generating a single symbol according to the first and second group pulses of children. 11 'The method of claim 8 of the patent scope, wherein the method of generating at least one symbol is based on A step of generating a first symbol by the first group of pulses and generating a second symbol according to the second group of pulses. 12. If the method of applying for the scope of the patent No. 11 separately selects a first part from a second part about the first part, the second measurement is related to the first work 13. — An analogy from an analogy The one-cycle response information of the waveform includes a first circuit having -21 to receive the analog waveform. This paper is suitable for S @ 家 standard (CNS) A4 specification (21G X 297 public love) ^ + ^ 040 A8 B8 The first circuit can lick a first measurement by generating a shape; a group of pulses responds to the • two, ten, or tenth of the Hu's waveform—the child's second circuit can respond by generating one or more pulses—a pulse. A second measurement of the waveform should be analogized; and 罘 — decoder circuit, the coupling can be connected from these first and second circuits:]: the first and second pulses, the configuration of the decoder can be considered Wait for the first and second pulses to generate at least one symbol. 14. If the circuit system of item 13 of the scope of patent application is applied, it will further integrate a communication system. Mouth contamination 15. The circuit system of item 13 of the scope of patent application, wherein the "fishing" is a ramp wave or an amplitude of the analog waveform. ^ 16. The circuit system according to item 15 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second measurement ^ is a ramp or an amplitude of the analog waveform. S 17. If the circuit system of item 13 of the patent application scope, wherein the configuration of the decoder circuit can generate a single symbol according to the first and second pulses. The patent application is the circuit system of item 13 of the patent scope, wherein the configuration of the decoder circuit can generate a first symbol according to the first group of pulses, and generate a second symbol according to the second group of pulses. 19. For the circuit system of claim 18, wherein the analog waveform includes at least two symbols, the first symbol is one of the at least two symbols, and the second symbol is among the at least two symbols. The other. 20. If you apply for the circuit system of item 13 in the scope of patent application, among which the items in the-and -22- standards apply to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Bae Line • Each of the second circuits is characterized by a transmission function with at least one unstable working area surrounded by a rain-stable working area. 21. A communication system comprising: a transmitting unit having a waveform generator to generate a first cycle of an analog waveform; a receiver unit adapted to receive the first cycle of an analog waveform;-a first A circuit coupled to receive the first period of the analog waveform, the first circuit responding to a first measurement of the first period of the analog waveform by generating a first group of pulses; at least a second circuit having a function of Receiving an input of the first period of the analog waveform; the second circuit can respond to a second measurement of the first period of the analog waveform by generating a second group of one or more pulses; and a decoder circuit The coupling can receive the first and second pulses from the first and second circuits respectively, and the configuration of the decoder can generate at least one symbol according to the first and second pulses. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the transmitter may further include a modulator to generate a modulation 'fc k' of the first cycle including an analog waveform, wherein the modulation signal may be transmitted. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the operation of the receiver can receive the modulation signal, and the receiver includes a demodulator to modulate the # 1 signal to generate the first analog waveform. 24. If the system of item 22 of the scope of patent application is applied, in which the waveform produces a taste of μ4, the paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Α8 Β8 C8 6. Patent application scope The operation can generate an analog waveform representing the at least one symbol. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the first measurement is an oblique wave or an amplitude of the first period of the analog waveform. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the second measurement is a ramp or an amplitude of the first period of the analog waveform. 27. The system according to item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the configuration of the decoder circuit can generate a single waveform according to the first and second groups of pulses. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the configuration of the decoder circuit can generate a first symbol based on the first group of pulses and a second symbol based on the second group of pulses. 29. The system of claim 2i, wherein each of the first and second circuits is characterized by a transmission function having at least one unstable working area surrounded by two stable working areas. Shaped cycle. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 2 £ ”π,