TW486914B - Synchronization of diversity handover destination base station - Google Patents

Abstract

In a diversity handover, a destination base station receiver rapidly synchronizes to a mobile station's uplink transmission by strategically locating the search window used by the destination base station multipath searcher. In the example embodiment, the search window is positioned in accordance with a propagation delay associated with the border of the destination base station cell area. If a known signal in the uplink transmission is not detected at the initial search window position, the search window is moved to positions progressively closer to the center of the cell area. The search window may be moved in various patterns in accordance with different search strategies.

Description

Printed clothing by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (1) The case is called by the Department of Wood on the joint review and compilation of the US patent application serial number 009 / 〇70,788. "-Can

Wlnd〇W Dday TraCklng ln C〇de Divisi〇n Multiple Access

Communication System ", Yun Xisun ▲ 上 ^" and combined its disclosure into a reference. The present invention relates to a coded multiple proximity (cdma) communication technology in a cellular radiotelephone communication system, and in particular to the synchronous operation of ⑽ diversity handover. And overview Direct sequence numbering multiple proximity (Ds_CDMa) allows signals to mutually reinforce each other in time, =, and rate, so CDMA signals from many users will operate simultaneously in the same frequency band or spectrum. Basically, the digital data stream of the source information to be transmitted is applied to a data stream with a high rate and generated by a virtual random number (PN) digital generator. Combining a higher bit rate digital signal with a lower bit rate data stream will "expand" the bandwidth of that stream of information. Each information data stream is configured with a unique p N or unrolled number (or some unique time-shifted PN number) to generate a signal that can be individually received at the receiving station. The received multiple and differently coded combined signals can isolate the PN-coded information signals, and by combining the combined signals with the digital signals that are specific and related to the PN-coded information signals, The correlation frame is demodulated. $ Item reverse and unrolling operations can “compress” the received signal so as to restore the original data signal, and at the same time it is divided from its -4- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) Li) ----------- Installation -------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) (2 The consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints interference from his users ... In addition to receiving signals from various different transmission information sources, the reception status can also be received from a single transmitter source. The same signal is sent for multiple individual broadcast channels. The characteristic of this multi-path channel is to introduce time expansion. For example, 'if an ideal pulse is transmitted through a multi-path channel, the corresponding signal will At the receiver, in the shape of a pulse stream, Q pulses or branches will have a corresponding different time delay 'and different amplitudes and phases. This complex received signal is generally called "channel impulse response (CIR ) ". Appears in mobile radio channels: light road, light road It is caused by the reflection of signals according to environmental obstacles such as buildings, trees, vehicles, people, etc. In addition, because there will be multiple paths: the structure of sexual movement affects, the mobile radio channel is time-consuming and s It is dynamic. For signals transmitted through time-varying multi-path channels, the corresponding multi-path received will also change due to time, position, attenuation and phase. However, the existence of multi-path may be appropriate. The advantage of the CDMA system of line signal diversity combining technology is that one advantage is that it is related to signal decay, which is a special problem of mobile communications. Although each multipath signal is declining, and two are declining, usually not all multipaths The path will decline at the same time. The diversity and signal output from the CDMA receiver will not be negatively affected by the temporary decline of the Mu Yi path. The CDMA receiver uses a multiple path search processor to search and identify = The strong multiple routes are accompanied by their corresponding time delays. A search for this paragraph is listed in the referenced joint application Who .rake demodulator (Please read the Notes on the back to fill out Page) - fitted -------- --------- Order

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P -5- I x 297 mm) A7 five inventions (3 Zhai can bluff the strongest multi-path components by using the multi-path search processor to determine the strongest multi-path components, and configure many parallel demodulator (Referred to as RAKE Γ probe) to capture most of the received signal ^. These RAKE probe outputs are combined by diversity and correspond to the delay compensation, which produces the "best" demodulated signal, which can greatly To improve the communication quality and reliability of the CDMA cellular code-line telecommunication system. Xun Xizhong's path search processor (sometimes referred to as "searcher") can identify the complex pulse response of the received signal, thereby Retrieve the relative delay of the 7C pieces of each multipath. The searcher will also track the broadcast status of changes due to action a, or the removal of other objects related to these multipaths ^, in order to adjust the acquired Delay 値. More specifically, the channel impulse response of the existing multi-path signal is within a certain range of the material path arrival time or path arrival delay: it is called "searching for stomach". Inside detect :-A delayed profile, but only they originated from the transmission;: will be attributed to the channel impulse response. Delay ^ 口 儿 办 为 唯 but do not say ^ profile 冩 冩Xiner, ^ P people do ^. When I fβ and other power and delay indicated by the delay profile are sold, that is to say two = "power delay profile ⑽"% page delay profile can be estimated frequently The frequency chirped pulse responds with delayed variability. In particular, because the mobile station moves two = electrical channels and because of the factors used at the transmitter to expand and the frequency used to access the object-the sequence generator does not match, the position of the unwrapping track pulse response will change continuously. Therefore, the position of the sliding window of Zousi Temple in the wide window is estimated to be the correct frequency of the paper size of the paper. -6 · A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4: ^ plus adjustment 'to keep the channel impulse response at Search the center of the sliding window. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) Simultaneous links from Taiwan to more than two base stations Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 、: ， 夕 " Tiger path to achieve the purpose of space diversity. When the mobile station is communicating with the above: the base station above, you can use the signal from each base station to produce the light-end material. The good set communication is sometimes called diversity "Specialist 丨 Sheng" again, this is because the communication with the target base station was established before the end of the communication between the source base station and the source base station. Then, when the call was indeed issued and was established between the mobile base station of the mobile ship , Qidongtai will continue to scan the broadcast signals from the base stations located in the adjacent cells. The broadcast signal scanning operation will be held and carried forward to determine a certain-adjacent base mouth corpse II I ^ fil, is its strength sufficient High enough to start the handover operation. = Yes, the decision operation is provided to the radio network, and the person will send the appropriate information to the mobile station and the new destination base station to start the handover operation. This new base station Will search and use the relevant expansion numbers to find out the mobile station ’s transmission signal. The destination base station will also begin to use the appropriate expansion number to transmit the downlink signal to the mobile station. The mobile station will search for, say, the downlink彳 a, and send a confirmation signal when it is indeed received. In each cell, the searcher will choose the strongest path for demodulation. The demodulated information transmitted from the strong path is combined. In addition, the radio network can combine the uplink signals of the two versions of the mobile station from the base station involved in the soft handover of diversity, and select it according to the best quality One of these signals, or they can be combined to achieve the best signal. These various diversity sets are combined. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297). (%) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 486914 V. Description of the Invention (5) The results of the operation can be excellent in Shanghai Hedong Radio Communications. The negative impact of diversity. Diversity delivery requires timing synchronization between the source and the bullfighting team, the base station, and the mobile station. Synchronization should be done as quickly as possible, and it should be simple and easy to achieve. In the next step, you will be in the old direction. (That is, the link from the base station to the action a, 钍, 钍, 万,), the mobile station can be used for positioning and use a known and included in the base station, and the history is synchronized with the radio network system.眭 nb% of the mobile station from the base station to the base station), it is known that the Shigan L component force π «(that is, from the source base station estimates ^ as long as a ^ 1 inch, a T link Channel impulse response of the channel. Using this channel impulse response, it is determined that the source base station I can extract the known forward signal from the received signal samples. This will “blunt” the required synchronization signal. When the mobile station randomly passes a certain uplink, Pull the I # code access frequency to perform random access, and after acquiring a certain traffic frequency from the base station, / J immediately starts L to perform the initial synchronization procedure. After successfully completing the random access procedure, the The source base station will synchronize with the first multipath signal element sent by the mobile station that is detected and detected, and then expand and extract Jingde + # i A + fv Preamble symbol transmitted on the channel. For the synchronization of the destination base station in the case of diversity handover, the mobile station will measure the frequency of the downlink key broadcast from the originating terminal, that is, the source base station, and the frequency of the downlink broadcast from the destination base station. The frame frame timing difference between the downlink broadcast channels. The frame frame timing difference can be transmitted to the code line network through the source base station, and the person in turn will use this information together with the unfolding digital information related to the mobile station communication. To the destination base station. The radio network can then “misplace” the downlink code frame from the destination base station to transmit the signal, so that the -8 paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇x 297) Mm) ----------- Installation -------- Order --------- (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page) Ministry of Economy Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 486914 V. Invention description (6) The signals from the two base stations can arrive at the operation △ at approximately the same time. One of such downlink code frame misalignment rules can be jointly authored as US Patent No. 5,828,659, entitled "Time AUgnmem 〇f τ side_⑽ n ^ D〇Wn-Link of a CDMA System" The disclosures are hereby incorporated by reference. The radio network will provide the mobile station's downlink traffic channel information to both the source and destination base stations. Using the timing difference of the code frame, the code frame shift 値 / number, or the time slot shift 値 transmitted from the source base station, the target base station can start transmission on the downlink traffic channel. According to the existing source base station synchronization operation, the mobile station can establish two-chip synchronization based on the downlink traffic channel from the destination base station. This is feasible because the signal from the destination base station will arrive at approximately the same time as the signal from the source base station. Therefore, the multi-path searcher in the mobile station can locate the signal path from the target base station in the search sliding window, and the person has indeed adjusted according to the target base station. In the synchronization procedure of the target base station, the difficulty arises because there is an unknown broadcasting delay between the target base station and the mobile station, and between the mobile station and the target base station. The sum of these broadcast delays is called the backhaul delay, and Kluang determines the delay between the destination base station transmission timing and the mobile station receiving the bluff I time. In other words, after a certain propagation delay after the signal is sent, the mobile station receives the message transmitted by the destination base station. The signal transmitted by the mobile station will be synchronized with the signal received by the mobile station, so the signal transmitted by the mobile station will be delayed relative to the transmission of the base station. The additional broadcast delay from the automatic station to the base station will allow the base station to receive the signal -9-This paper uses the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm ---------) --- ^ -------- ^ --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This public broadcast seconds 486914 Invention description (The delay is equal to the backhaul broadcast Delay. In the diversity handover, the backhaul broadcast delay is still unknown, because when the initial θ talks with each other, there is no random access between the mobile station and the destination base station, as is the case with the source base station. Uplink channel communication. In the random access procedure, the broadcast = delay between the source base station and the mobile station can be measured, and it is used to synchronize the operation of the secret base station. Since the action = the destination base station The delay of the return trip is unknown, so the searcher in the destination base must scan all the multiple paths that may be generated by the mobile station at any position in the corresponding target base: the mobile station The maximum delay of the received signal is unknown. The maximum possible backhaul broadcast delay will correspond to the cell size of the destination base station. That is, for example, a half-mile base station cell will have a corresponding maximum backhaul of about 8 microseconds. It is usually used for The source base station's search #sliding window is about 10 micron li / level. However, the search sliding window in the destination base station will require eight times as much as 80 microseconds to accommodate the cells of the base station with a 1G km radius A long search sliding window is not preferable, because it will consume more data resources and memory resources when performing a larger number of related demodulation operations. A larger workload means an increase in synchronization delay. The search sliding window will reduce the target base station ’s response to the radio channel change bit :: This will eventually translate into an increase in the RAKE receiver output. The present invention can provide diversity handover in the case of 'target base station receiver to line -10' -This paper size is applicable to China Standard (5IS) A4 specification 297 ------------. · Packing -------- Order --------- (Please (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 486914 A7 B7 Production Bureau employees' consumer cooperatives print clothes. 5. Description of the invention (8 movements = fast synchronization of uplink transmission signals. When starting a handover operation from a mobile station to a destination base station, the destination base station searches for a cry. $ Use the search window to measure the channel pulse response (CIR) of the uplink signal received by the destination base station. The search window will initially be located in the channel pulse response of the signal transmitted by the uplink mobile station. ^. By first positioning the search sliding window at the position where the CIR should be, a fast synchronization operation can be achieved without increasing the size of the search sliding window used by the target base station searcher. In this example, for a non-limiting embodiment, the initial position may correspond to the cell area boundary of the target base station. Although the transmission delay between the mobile station and the target base station is indeed unknown, when the diversity handover is started, it is very likely that the mobile station is located near the boundary of the target base station cell. Therefore, the transmission delay is likely to be at or near the maximum transmission delay of the cell. More specifically, the uplink mobile station transmits a signal comprising a known PN number sequence. The maximum delay ρ of the search sliding window system, located at or near the known PN digital sequence before unrolling the transmitted signal of the received uplink mobile station according to the delayed copy of the known digital sequence contained in the search sliding window Office. If no radon is detected, the search sliding window is gradually moved to a delay position closer to the center of the second cell area during the process of the mobile station transmitting the radio frequency adaptive pulse response. You can move the search window in various styles according to different search strategies. The drawings are based on the preferred embodiments described below and the accompanying drawings. The present invention and other features, characteristics and advantages can be clearly understood. Among the drawings, reference 11-This paper standard applies to Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 Public Love W ----------- ΦΜ -------- J --------- · Douqing 14 A7

V. Description of the invention (9) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Although individual functional blocks and components are drawn according to the drawings, for those who are familiar with this technology, they can clearly know what they can do: individual hardware circuits, digital microprocessors with appropriate design or General-purpose fast, implemented by application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and / or single or multiple digital signal processors (DSP). '' FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary cellular radio communication system applicable to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a multi-path broadcasting operation between a mobile station and a base station; 3 FIG. 3 is useful for explaining the present invention An example of the principle of a multipath channel pulse response delay profile data diagram; Figure 4a Uplink and downlink communication paths between the source and destination base stations; Figure 5 is a flowchart of the diversity handover synchronization process; 6 is an exemplary embodiment of a c DMA receiver applicable to the present invention; FIG. 7 is an exemplary information signal format; FIG. 8 is a functional block of an exemplary multi-path search processor that can be better applied to the present invention FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a search sliding window positioning procedure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a flowchart according to an example of the present invention. Continuous search sliding window positioning operations, and Figure 11 A-11C describe various exemplary search strategies. -12- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ^ -------- ^ --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) A7

V. Description of the invention (10) In the following, 'for the purpose of taking into account the full interpretation of f and non-limitation, hereby set specific details such as specific examples, circuits, signal formats, technology, etc., to refer to the invention Explain in detail. However, for those who are familiar with this skill. The invention may be apparent from its own specific embodiment which does not belong to these specific details. In other examples, detailed descriptions of widely known methods, devices, and circuits are not repeated here to avoid obscuring the focus of the present invention due to unnecessary details. The present invention is compiled according to the cdma (especially, broadband CDMA) system shown in FIG. A representative, circuit-switched, and external-core core network can be represented as Cloudwork 2 in Figure i, such as the factory public parent switched telephone network (PSTN) and / or the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). " And a representative, packet exchange, and external core network can be represented by the cloud 14 in Figure 1, such as the Internet. The two core networks are switched at one or more service nodes. For simplicity, only a single block of mobile switching node 16 is shown in the figure, which can provide circuit and / or packet switching services. The mobile switching node i 6 is connected to a number of radio network controllers (RNC) 18. Each radio network controller 18 may establish and release a specific radio channel (i.e., one or more deployment numbers) between a single or multiple base stations (BS) 20 and mobile stations (MS) 24. According to this, these RNCs can manage the selection and configuration of digital and diversity delivery. The base station 20 can handle a wideband CDMa wireless interface facing the mobile station 24, and includes radios such as transceivers, digital signal processors and antennas necessary to servo the various cells and cell sections in the network. That is, if a certain base-13 paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) ----------- installation -------- order --- ------ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumers 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 486914 A7 B7 Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Inventions (11) Taiwan As shown in FIG. 20, each base station may cover multiple segments 22, and each segment may also include two diversity antennas. In the picture, the mobile station 24 is connected to the call connection of the two base stations 20 to show the diversity delivery. Each pin includes an uplink connection and a -downlink connection. The established base station for the call belongs to the source base station (BSs), and the base station whose new pin is being created is the destination base station (BSd). Figure 2 illustrates a simplified model of a dynamic multi-path broadcast. Multiple Although the path broadcast must be handled by both the mobile station and the base station, for the sake of explanation, this example of multiple slaves only shows the signal from the base station 24 to the base station 20. Diversity in many sections 22 of the base station 20 The antenna receives the existing signal, and each of the received signals contains multiple paths, which are directly and first received and usually the strongest path. The path 2 is a fixed object such as a building. The reflected person. Path 3 is like: Waiting for a person reflected by a moving object. The mobile station 24 can also be moving. Then, for the receivers at the source and receiver base stations, the basic problem is to identify each The receiving path determines its strength and relative delay: it is beneficial to group and process these paths according to their individual delays. Figure 3 is an exemplary delay profile for searching the received signal in the sliding window. The figure shows The straight axis is the received signal power. The horizontal axis is the delay time interval relative to the rate at which the signal was sampled. Its waveform is an estimated channel impulse response and contains four waves with intensity exceeding ㈣HI 値 and only three correspond to the path The materials of P1 and P3 belong to the effective heavy path. The fourth wave net is the false gel wave net, but because the other also exceeds the door -14- ^ The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇 X 297 Public Love (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -------- Order --------- 486914 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) Shake, so it is also identified as a path. Path p 1 corresponds to delay r 1, P2 corresponds to delay r 2 and P 3 corresponds to delay r 3. The purpose of the sliding window is to cover the channel pulse The response (at least the significant multiple path of the connected number), plus an additional displacement 借此, whereby the sliding window can be slightly larger than the channel impulse response that contains a valid multiple path. In more detail, the The search sliding window is used to connect the Defined by the number of delays at the starting position of the correlation, thereby overriding the maximum expected delay of a multi-path component with respect to the first arriving multi-path component and its last arriving debt. In this non-limiting example , The number of complex samples corresponding to the maximum expected multiple path delay is 160, which is equal to 160 delay positions. If there are four samples counted in each slice, the sliding window of 160 samples is mapped to 4. 〇 slices. Search the center of the sliding window (N ^ ndow / 2 = 80 delay positions or 20 slices), it is better to align with the center of the channel impulse response. This will ensure that the item contains The strongest effective multipath channel impulse response will be contained within the search sliding window for processing operations like demodulation. Otherwise, there is a risk of missing one or more multipath components. According to this, the sliding window delay tracking procedure described in the previous application will be a better way to align the center line of the search sliding window with the center of the channel pulse response. Choosing only the strongest or first-arriving path as the alignment point of the sliding window will not produce a particularly correct result, because those alignment points will fluctuate due to decay or noise, and therefore the search sliding The window cannot be aligned with the center line's impulse response. Conversely, the center of the frequency pulse = response will be aligned to the delay expected or average of the channel pulse response. -15- This paper is suitable for China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 x 297 public love) ---- ----------- installed -------- order- -------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 486914 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (13) The average delay can be a pulse response to the channel It is determined by the delay and homogenization processing of each multiple path. The difference or error ε between the search sliding window NμM (^ / 2 (as shown in FIG. 3 at the delay position 80) and the average delay position (at the delay position slightly below 80)) can be detected, and borrowed It is minimized by adjusting the position of the search sliding window (or other calibration operations). Referring to FIG. 4, this is a diversity delivery scenario in which a mobile station is located in a source cell corresponding to a source base station. (The boundary of the source cell is shown by the dotted line), and the boundary of the target base station cell (the one shown by the dotted line). There is a delay in the downlink transmission from the source base station to the mobile station. D δ, and uplink transmission delay ΔS from the mobile station to the source base station. Similarly, there is a downlink transmission delay Dd from the base station to the mobile station, and an uplink from the mobile station to the base station Road broadcast delay AD. That is, as mentioned above, the source base station can establish a communication link with the mobile station. The mobile station can also receive broadcast expenditure messages from neighboring base stations, and decide a base station with a sufficient strength signal to will Placed in the set of active base stations. This usually occurs when the mobile station approaches the cell boundary of the source base station and overlaps with the cell boundary of adjacent cells, as shown in Figure 4. At this time, the most Fortunately, by establishing a two-way communication between the mobile station and a certain base station or later, the communication with the destination base station is started, and the diversity handover is started. The time difference between the signals from the source and the destination base station may be That is, as described in the co-compiled U.S. patent application number 5,828,659 listed above, a program such as a code frame misalignment procedure can be used to determine the coolness. The difference between the fs between the I / O and the target base station signals can be used in combination. In order to achieve the synchronization operation, "b" y 1 卞 耒 疋 疋 疋, received by the mobile station ----------- 11 ^. 装 -------- order ------- -(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -16-

486914 Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed clothing A7 B7 for consumer cooperatives V. Description of the invention (14) The time difference between the signal from the source base station and the number received by the mobile station from the target base station is measured by the mobile station . The time difference is sent back to the radio network controller by the base station through the source base station. The difference in mobile reception time can be used to shift the data frame to synchronize the two base stations involved in the intersection. In particular, the radio network controller will notify = the time shift 目的 that the destination base station should use for the downlink traffic channel connection. When the data of the mobile service arrives from the radio network controller, the destination base station will buffer the downlink delay rate between 03 and 0 by buffering the data to the appropriate channel code frame, so that The mobile station can receive both signals from the source and destination base stations at about the same time. The destination base station must also compensate for the backhaul transmission delay (Dd + Ad) between the base station transmission timing of the signal disc received by the mobile station, thereby synchronizing with the mobile station's uplink transmission signal. In other words, the mobile station will receive the signal from the destination base station after a certain transmission delay when the signal is indeed transmitted. The signal transmitted by the mobile station will be synchronized with the signal received by the mobile station, so the signal transmitted by the mobile station will be delayed relative to the base: station transport ## = first. And the additional broadcasting delay from the mobile station to the base station can make the signal received by the base station delayed relative to the base station transmitting the signal, which will be equal to the backhaul broadcasting delay. β, the flowchart of Fig. 5 illustrates the general diversity handover synchronization procedure (block 30). The connection is established between the mobile station and the source base station (block 32). Defective stations can measure the downlink transmission succession from adjacent base stations, and report the appropriate signal strength to the radio via the source base station (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) · η ·· · Η ·· II one bite, nn 1 ϋ n see -17- A7 A7

V. Description of the Invention (1S) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Network Controller (block 34). When the signal strength from the adjacent base station is high enough for diversity handover, the communication link between the mobile station and the destination base station is started (block 36). The flight link transmission signals from the source and destination base stations to the action port will be misplaced or delayed to achieve the same synchronization operation as previously described (block 38). The destination base station will compensate for the backhaul broadcast delay between the mobile station and the target base station, thereby synchronizing the uplink transmission signal with the mobile station (block 40). In terms of compensating for the delay of the backhaul broadcast, the destination base station is slightly disadvantaged compared to the source base station. The destination base station lacks a random access procedure, and this procedure can determine the downlink and uplink backhaul delays Ds * between the mobile station and the destination base station, which will be considered by the source base station. Since the transmission delay between the mobile station and the destination base station is unknown, the target base station searcher may be forced to scan all possible delays of the known leading digital PN sequence sent by the mobile station. To this end, the base station searcher for this purpose must consider all possible time delays of the known PN code sequence to the worst case scenario, where the mobile station will be located on the boundary of the cell boundary,. The number of time delays corresponding to the cell radius of the target base station will define a relatively large area of uncertainty compared to the general (such as those used by source base stations) search sliding windows used to track the impulse response paths of various channels. 2. The consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs does not need to extend the search sliding window due to the increased data processing operations, memory, delay, etc. The invention can strategically place a small search sliding window at or near the child's base The cell boundary is located at the maximum cell radius. Placing the search sliding window at a point or position along the cell radius means that the search sliding window is located at a delayed position in a known ρ Ν number sequence, which is equal to -18-This paper scale applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public reply) -------- 486914 V. Description of the invention (16 Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Co-operative Clothing should be printed at this point or location. 苴, ,, / The delay of the return broadcast between the destination base station < For the initial point of the child and the corresponding delay 谯 ^ 万 万 万 万, the magic search will expand the received signal 1 Brother find the received from the mobile station The sound, Γ ΤΡ, Yu Dukou 丨 Dengguankou said that the 7-bit frequency response pulse is one. Yes, the known PN sequence located in the sliding window is partially related to the existing reticle delay position. Signal, and the degree of correlation can be compared with a threshold to detect the cIR. "If the CIR is not expressed, the search window will be moved away from the cell boundary (or close to the boundary)? ^^ The digital sequence delays the position and faces j in the cell. As a result of the action The station is close to the target cell boundary in the diversity intersection. Therefore, with this method, the channel impulse response corresponding to the mobile uplink transmission signal to the target base station is likely to have been known earlier in the search process. At or near the maximum expected delay corresponding to the target cell radius to start the search operation, and move the search sliding window gradually towards the middle of the cell, near the zero delay, the searcher can quickly lock the CIR, meanwhile the average synchronization time of the destination station It can also be significantly reduced. This method can also effectively use a relatively short sliding window to save data processing resources and delays. According to the multiple path diagram of Figure 2 and Figure 3 (including the y numbers defined in Figure 3), now refer to An exemplary base station receiver 5 in FIG. 6. A rake demodulator 54 includes a number of rake-finger demodulators (not shown), and they can receive signals from the PN sequence generator 5 8 (such as the PN solution expansion digital sequence), and the input from the timing control unit 56. The timing control unit 56 can generate a synchronization (SYNC) signal, which is provided to the RAKE demodulator 5 4 and also connected to the RAKE solution. Modulation The multi-path search processing of the processor 5 4 60. The best, but not necessary, each central base from the two diversity antennas 0 and i should be installed in the device -------- order ----- ---- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -19- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7 Printed by the Employees ’Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Fifth, the description of the invention (I7) The signal of the T base station section (〇_5) will be input to the individual automatic gain control (AGC) circuit 5 2. Each full ΔΓΓ々β4, ie, each AGC circuit is connected In order to reduce the long-term dynamic range of the received signal to the corresponding day, thereby saving the required number of display positions, while retaining the information content of the signal. Analog to digital conversions can be performed before or after = GC, and are therefore not shown clearly at 2. The multi-path search processor 6g can use these inputs to calculate delayed profile data for each sector. Regarding:, please refer to the previous disclosure and joint review of US patent application cases. The signal samples will also be provided to the RAK ^ modulator 54 for de-spreading and ^ 2 = using from multiple segments' and selected by the multipath search processor based on the strongest multipath received by all base station segments Many antennas generate the combined output signal accordingly. Although the present invention is specifically guided by the multi-path search processor 60, it is simple and easy to explain how the base station receiver handles the received signal, which will help to clarify the present invention. The preamble symbol or other known signal from the mobile station is used by the source and destination base stations to estimate the channel pulse response. That is, as mentioned above, through the random access procedure adopted by the mobile radio, the source base station can be derived periodically on known uplink access channels that are used to initially obtain a traffic channel from the source base station. The initial synchronization signal required to interpolate the preamble symbols is extracted from the received signal samples. When the tunnel access procedure is successfully established, the source base station can synchronize with the multi-path signal element that arrives and is detected first by the mobile station t. This initial synchronization signal is used to retrieve the preambles f tiger that are subsequently transmitted on the traffic channel. The one-step synchronization signal adjustment is s in Figure 8 ^ -------- ^ --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -20- 486914 Α7

The Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs's Consumer Cooperative printed the sliding window delay tracking unit in the searcher 60 shown in the figure, and the diversity of $ 伊 植皮 rh "作 ° Again" the target base helmet in the private order of the swordman. Access to the program is eliminated, and it is initially synchronized with the first number from the line. The uplink transmission of the request is to understand the application of the pilot symbol. , This is a display example, in the format of "transmission", in which the information is transmitted by the mobile station. The information symbol is formatted as a continuous supercode frame according to the south level, and it is provided to the expansion of the action. Circuit. Use the digital sequence assigned by the base station to the mobile station to expand the supercode frame information and transmit it through the radio interface. A long supercode frame (which can be like 84 milliseconds) can include, for example, a serial connection. Jing code frame, where each radio code frame can be 10 milliseconds. Similarly, each

A 10 millisecond radio code frame can contain 16 time slots, and each time slot Z contains the time to synchronize the preamble or known symbol, and the symbol containing the unknown information ^ to be demodulated and communicated to the base station. Channel symbol. The prosthetic foot has obtained the initial synchronization at the source base station. Now refer to the multipath processor 60 shown in Fig. 8 for additional details. Each automatic gain control circuit 5 2 is connected to a base station selector 62, which can select a signal sample block from both antenna signals of each base station section. Again, although block and antenna diversity are used in the specific embodiment of this example, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to antenna diversity or a base station with sections. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a base station that is simple, non-segmented, and has only a single antenna. Each base station has a corresponding one of M channel estimators 64, where M is equal to the base station sector number. This picker 6 2 can pick up a lot of waiting 21-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ---------- " 41 ^ equipment ---- --- Order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 5. Description of the invention (19) Add a search to find out if the leading symbol has been provided and provide these blocks to It corresponds to ... ', 纰 < signal sample block, and 4 64 executable digital comparisons have been performed: Back] ::: 64. This channel estimator's digital comparison filtering operation. In the case of “continuity”, cultural or non-consistent integration, the delay of the signal sample block is continuous, and many are added up according to the same connection. The complex correlation data obtained in the non-consistent integration will be added up. For each antenna, the power of the correlation coefficient is used to estimate the average power of the channel impulse response. The estimator 64 will select a single center correspondingly. The path selection order 1 ^ "data is delivered to the signal and noise samples in the pinch, and then selected; ^ Qi late profile data to demodulate the multiple strongest path signals. &Amp; A KE demodulator 5 Take Γ: Take: The corresponding path delay of 1 " selected by element 66: Number :: Two Γ is provided to the sliding window tracking unit 7 °. The number N of the selected paths should be sealed in the RAKE detection index, However, if the power is strong: When the number of measured paths is not enough, N can be smaller than this. Each other :: ί! May: a pulse response of the selected channel as defined previously. The sliding window ^ early The multiple roadway impulse response is maintained in the search window. The search window position correction number can be used from the window tracking unit 70 through the search window position to 72 and the bismuth supply timing control block%. ', Correct the search sliding window position M. During the process of soft diversity handover: Move this, the sliding window position control 72 will set the initial position of the search sliding window at or near the cell edge of the target base station, and if If the second search operation at the initial sliding window position is unsuccessful, then the search sliding window is changed from pN Code = maximum delay position in the column, towards the minimum delay position in the PN digital sequence. -22- 486914 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (20). The search window position at the input of 7 2 will be ignored. Wcorr (n) will be ignored. On the other hand, during the diversity delivery process, the window tracking unit 70 will be closed. The search The output W (m) of the sliding window position control 72 can adjust the timing output of the timing control 5 6 ', and this can adjust the phase of the PN generator 58. The pN of the gross channel estimator 64 is applied by adjusting the generated The digital sequence phase, that is, the state, can effectively adjust the position of the search sliding window. When the diversity handover is completed, the search sliding window position control 72 will be transmitted by the sliding window tracking unit 70.

Wcorr (n) gives the timing unit, that is w (m) = wc〇rr (m) 〇 Another function of the sliding window tracking unit 70 is to adapt the selected path ri according to the search sliding window adjustment result, ... , Tn,. The slice synchronization unit 68 may determine whether the initial synchronization procedure of the operation has been completed, and if so, set the slice synchronization flag. If at least one selected path with arbitrary power exceeds the detection threshold 値 in the path selection unit 66, the slice synchronization unit 68 can detect that the slice synchronization operation has been achieved. Reference is now made to the search position sliding window flowchart (block 100) shown in FIG. 9. The search window analysis initiated by the search slider W position control 7 2 starts at or near the maximum estimated known or leading PN digital sequence delay corresponding to (or close to) the cell boundary (larger radius) of the target base station, and Non-corresponding to (or close to) the minimum delay in the center (smaller radius) of the cell (block 102). That is, as mentioned above, the search engine 60 can correlate the received signals of each multi-path to the leading of the sliding window at the current position. The specific delay version of the Bayesian sequence determines the corresponding CIR path delay and power of the paths detected in the sliding window (block 1 04). Decide whether the channel impulse response has been detected here ----------- ^ -------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page) -23- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 486914 V. Invention Description (21) (block 106). If not, block 107 determines that the sliding search slide has indeed reached its "slide" or moving end point towards the least delay. Alas. In some search models, the sliding end point may correspond to (or near the center of the delay or the position of the cell. However, in other "zero miles" as described below, this may correspond to an intermediate between the maximum and minimum delay Point. If 2 reaches the sliding end of the child, the search sliding window will return to the maximum delay position as estimated by block ^ 2 according to the cell boundary, or it will be like stepwise: move back to the maximum delay position to the search Sliding window, and in the search sliding window execution " processing path delay and power operations, as described in block 104. If the stone ^ the search sliding window position control 72 will be directed to the second corresponding to zero delay; Center, increment or slide the search window by one or more delay positions (block 109): the decompression and cm detection process will be repeated for each new search window position. On the other hand, if If a channel impulse response is detected, the multipath searcher will align the center of the child channel impulse response with the center of the search slip (block 110), and the destination base station completes the synchronization operation with the mobile station. Figure 1 〇Description can be used as a model of the present invention Search sliding window sliding strategy. In this non-limiting example, an undefined area corresponding to the cell radius of the target base station corresponds to an eight-fold search sliding window. The search sliding clay Nwind〇w It is equal to 40 slices, and if each slice is four samples, it corresponds to 160 samples. So the undefined area of the specific cell corresponds to 320 slices or 1280 samples. Controlled by the position of the search sliding window The search sliding window position signal w (m) generated by 72 can be determined according to the following formula: W (m) = W (ml) + Nwind〇w -24- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) I AWI ^ ----- I--Order · I ------ f Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page}

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (22 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ ... such as the total number of search delays in the search window, and m is the response base j. For example, the response rate may be equal to the frame rate. The positions of the search sliding windows will appear in the PN digital delay indeterminate area: The time spent by the searcher 6 〇 at a given sliding window position will correspond to the search and update time, that is, the new channel impulse response is required. It is estimated that “I time” is sometimes called “dwell time”. If the search sliding window reaches the end of the non- = area and no channel impulse response is located, the search will start again from the initial starting point at the maximum delay, here W (m) is equal to 280 slices. This search strategy can be shown in Figure 1 1 A., ¥ According to Figure 1 1 A, the search sliding window slides linearly from the maximum delay: to the small delay, then The search sliding window can be shifted from the maximum delay to the second delay], the delay position, such as W (m + 1), and then if no = pulse response is detected, then return to the maximum delay. After that, The search window will slide to the next Smaller delay, ie W (m + 2), if # is not followed by ',' 丨 to ί / page pulse response, then return to the initial maximum delay. Figure H b is the search strategy. Search slip Each response of the window will be "Yuetong", which will be large and large until a single leap covers the entire undefined area. In addition, the same rule of gradually increasing sliding sliding windows can be modified to be not mutual. Return to the position with the maximum delay to repeat the search or another jump. Instead, the sliding window can be gradually and privately returned to the maximum delay before moving to the next jump. This is the search strategy. The present invention can obviously save the time and data processing resources required for the synchronization operation of the target base station during the diversity handover process. It needs to search the entire cell radius of the target base station. Time in undecided region, Shiyuan-25- Bu Na Er Gu National Standard (CNS) XTi ^ 21 () χ 297 Chu I--11 Awl ^ in —--- β ------- -(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 486914 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (23) is more than necessary Search only that there is not sufficient area most likely to detect the local time of the channel impulse response. Indeed, with the present invention, there is a high probability that the channel impulse response will be detected only for a very small portion of the time spent searching the entire undefined area. In addition, this method can effectively use a relatively small search sliding window, reduce data processing requirements and further shorten the same operation time.虽 Although the present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the specific exemplary embodiments described above. In addition to the foregoing, different formats, specific embodiments and suitable operations, as well as many modifications, changes, and equivalent arrangements, can be applied to implement the present invention. Therefore, it should be known that the present invention is only limited by the domain boundaries of the accompanying patent applications. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). Pack 1_1 ϋ ϋ e ^ eJ ϋ ϋ · ϋ n IV. Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -26- This' ^ Column ν National Standard ( CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

486914 A8 B8 C8 D8 Sixth, the scope of patent application: Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. One type of booklet code multiple proximity communication system with one source base station and one destination base station. One mobile station establishes a connection with the source base station. The method includes: initiating a connection handover operation to the destination base station; and using a search sliding window to synchronize the destination base station with the signal transmitted by the mobile station so that the action can be expected at the first position The station ’s CIR at the station ’s 5 ’channel has detected a channel impulse response (C IR) of the signal transmitted by the mobile station and received by the destination base station. 2. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first position pair is located at or near the boundary of a cell region related to the target base station. 3. The method according to item 2 of the scope of patent application, further comprising: moving the search sliding window to detect a signal transmitted by the mobile station corresponding to a second position closer to the center of the cell area than the first position C IR received by the destination base station. 4. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope, further comprising: repeatedly moving the search sliding window from the first position to the center of the cell area to search for the C I R of the signal transmitted by the mobile station. 5. If the method of claim 4 is applied, if the search sliding window has been moved to a predetermined position, return the search sliding window to the first position. 6. The method of claim 5 in which the search sliding window is returned to the first position step by step. 7. The method of claim 5 in the patent scope, wherein the search sliding window is returned to the first position immediately. -27- This paper size applies to China's National Standard "CNS" A4 (21〇X 297 public love) ------------ mnp Zhuang Yi -------- Order- -------- (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page} Printed by A8 B8 C8 D8 of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the scope of patent application 8, such as the scope of patent application item 5 The method, wherein the predetermined position is located at or near the second position in the center of the cell related to the target base station. 9. The method of item $ in the patent application range, wherein the predetermined position is located at the second position The first position is near the center of the cell that is related to the target base station. 10. The method of item 9 in the patent scope of claim 4, wherein the predetermined position is returned to the first position every time the sliding window is searched. Gradually move closer to the center of the cell 0 U · A diversity handover synchronization operation method, which includes: establishing a connection between a source base station and a mobile station; starting a diversity handover operation connected to a destination base station; The downlink transmission signals transmitted by the source and destination base stations are synchronized with the line. And compensate for the uplink delay from the mobile station to the destination base station for the broadcast delay between the mobile station and the destination base station. For example, the method of item i in the scope of patent application! I, where the diversity delivery synchronization = business method It is implemented in a coded multiple proximity (cdma) communication system, and the mobile station ’s uplink transmission signal contains a known f pseudo-noise (o > n) digital sequence, and the compensation step includes Before receiving the uplink signal from the mobile station, locate it at a certain first expected position of the known PN number: sequence—search for sliding windows. 13. Ru Shitu, Item No. i 2 of the scope of patent No. 4 The dagger eight Y Xiandi is located at the position or the maximum delay of the sin near wood, J is used as a horse angle to start the received action-28-This paper size · Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 Public love ----------- install -------- order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A8 B8- ----- C8 ^ --- ^ _____ D8 A. The starting position of the uplink transmission signal of the patent application scope station. The method in the range of item 13 further includes: if the known PN number sequence is not detected at the first position of the search sliding window, moving the search sliding window to a position having a value smaller than the maximum delay; After the second position, another search response is performed. 1々 • If the method of the scope of patent application No. 14 is used, the position of the search sliding window W (m) will be according to the following formula for each search response. Change: W (m) = W (m_1) + Nwind〇w, where Nwindow is the total delay in the search sliding window, and m is the response base. 16. For the method of claim 15 in the scope of patent application, the search for the reply will continue until the known P N number sequence is detected, or until a preset delay is reached. 17. The method according to item 16 of the patent application range, wherein the preset delay is at or near zero delay. 18. The method of item i 6 of the patent application park, wherein the preset delay time is changed each time the search window returns to the first position. 19. For the method of claim 14 in the scope of patent application, when the search sliding window touches a preset delay time, another search reply will be executed, and the starting point of the search sliding window will be moved to the third position. And has a larger delay 値 than the delay 値 at the second position. 20. A base station, including: a transceiver circuit for transmitting or receiving a signal from a mobile station through a radio interface, and -29- This paper standard applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) ·· Printed by the Consumers 'Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by 486914 Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by A8 B8 C8 D8 A range-multipath search processor including: a frequency chirp estimator configured to estimate a channel impulse response (CIR) to a received signal, and generate a delayed profile in a CIR search sliding window Data; a path selector, whose configuration is set to select a path from the delay profile generated by the channel estimator, and generate delay and length for each selected path; and a search sliding window positioning unit, whose configuration Set to position the C IR search sliding window to compensate for the broadcast delay associated with the received signal. 21. If the base station in the scope of patent application No. 20 is used, the base station is the destination base station in the delivery operation. 22. The base station according to item 21 of the patent application range, wherein the search sliding window positioning unit is configured to locate the C IR at a first position corresponding to a cell boundary related to the base station Search for sliding windows. 23. If the base station in item 22 of the scope of patent application, if the C IR of the received signal is not detected at the current sliding window position, the search sliding window positioning unit is configured to set the sliding The window moves from the first position to a second position corresponding to the base station. 24 · —A coded multiple proximity (CDMA) communication system, including: a radio network controller; a source base station and a destination base station, both of which are coupled to the radio network controller; and an action When communicating with the source base station, you can start the communication operation with the destination base station. -30-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the note on the back first) Please fill in this page for more information)-Binding-Ordering ---------. 486914 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Scope of patent application Where the target base station will start the search operation by sliding the search window It is located at a first position corresponding to the cell area boundary at or near the target base station to find a known signal transmitted by the mobile station. 25. The coded multiple proximity (CDMA) communication system of item 24 of the patent application park, wherein the destination base station will subsequently move the search sliding window to a second position between the cell boundary and the cell center. ----------- · Shang .------- Order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Consumer Cooperatives -31-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)