480535 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（1 ) 發明背景 1 . 發明領域 本發明屬於振盪器-驅動之負載的操作，該負載的共 振頻率會變化，其例之一是、無電極燈。 2 . 相關技術描述 射頻（R F ) -驅動之負載的特性會改變，它會影響 共振頻率。例如，在負載之操作的起動階段，共振頻率有 很大變化。此外，由於老化及其它考量，在負載的整個壽 命期間，在起動後的操作階段，負載的共振頻率也會改變 。R F驅動之負載的例子包括射頻天線。 從歷史上來看，在低功率低頻率環境中操作之與R F -驅動之負載有關的各種振盪器早已使用多年。這些已知 的振盪器包括Colpms ( Clapp )振盪器，Hartley振盪器， 以及Armstrong振盪器。這些已知的振盪器主要是用於發射 機。例如見 Mandl，Electronics Handbook, Reston Publishing Company, Inc., 1 9 8 3, pages 73-77 o 無電極燈是以R F -驅動之負載的一例，但是它是使 用高功率及高頻率。某些無電極燈可以產生高亮度，操作 壽命超過10，000小時不需要更換。無電極燈沒有內 部電極，而是靠外部結構來崩潰及激勵內部的塡充物質以 放射出光。典型無電極燈的的種類有電感耦合（Η放電） 、電容耦合（Ε放電）、微波耦合、以及行波放電。無電 極燈的某些基本原理以及這些類型，在文獻中都有討論。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再¥本頁) 訂： 線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -4- 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（2 ) 例如見 Wharmby，D.O.，、、Electrodeless Lamps For Lighting: A Review”，IEEE Proceedings-A，Vol. 140，No. 6， November 1 993，pp· 465-475 0 電感耦合的無電極燈類似變壓器。在電感耦合的無電 極燈中，在放電管（燈泡）中的塡充物質（例如電漿）做 爲單圈的次級線圈，而初級（激勵器）線圏經由適當的阻 抗匹配連接到電源。電感耦合的無電極燈有多種不同構造 :初級（激勵器）線圈位在放電管外部；在放電管內部； 在一凹腔內；或纏繞於部分燈管形成一環形線圏。磁場由 線圈及空氣心或磁心提供。 在電感耦合的無電極燈中，線圈中的交流電致使磁場 改變，它感應出電場以驅動電漿中的電流。與電感耦合無 電極燈有關的某些電氣特性及現象例如見於Piejak，R. B. 等人、、A Simple Analysis of An Inductive RF Discharge ,Plasma Sources Sci. Techn 1 o 1. (1992)，pages 1 79- 1 86 。 電感耦合無電極燈的結構例及操作技術見於1 9 9 9 年7月2 2日出版的？(：丁？111)14&11〇111^〇^〇 99/36940，名 稱爲、' High Frequency Inductive Lamp and Power Oscillator ，以及美國專利5 ，7 89 ，6 1 1 ，全文皆 倂入本文參考。 在無電極燈中，電漿-塡充的燈泡構成R F -驅動的 負載。在起動之後直到灼熱點亮，冷電漿的阻抗爲無限大 ，電源所看到的是近乎電抗的負載。不過，一旦點亮，燈 泡之電漿的電阻及電感大幅且持續地改變，燈頭的共振頻 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再Θ本頁) 太 •線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480535 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明（3 ) 率因J:魂變。由於電漿的電阻及電感反射回主線圈或驅動 電路，驅動電路的頻率及Q値都受影響。典型上，此表示 需要空間頻率調整電路，以使共振頻率的改變對起動、操 作及老化所造成的影響減至最小。否則，會發生由於匹配 不佳所導致燈點不亮（lamp-out )或有很高的功率反射。 在某些無電極燈中，R F源提供某一頻率的R F能量 給燈頭。燈頭是共振電路中分離的一部分，共振電路是設 計用來在提供能量的頻率共振。在此種燈頭中，頻率匹配 (調諧）及阻抗匹配對全系統效率的最佳化而言十分重要 。PCT Publication No· W0 99/36940 中描述此類型燈系統 創新的R F源，它可有效地提供頻率超過3 〇 〇 μ Η z ( 例如7 0 0 — 9 0 0 Μ Η ζ )之高功率（例如7 0瓦或更 高）的R F功率。此外，也描述了各種R F控制電路，用 以執行R F源.與燈頭間的頻率調諧，以及創新的線圈結構 ，用以在高頻（例如7 0 〇 - 9 0 0MHz或更高）將能 量耦合給無電極燈泡。不過，無電極燈使用分離的R F源 與控制電路，包括用來調諧頻率的組件及電路，以及其它 ，增加了相關的控制成本及複雜度。 其它的無電極燈的結構是燈本身乃r F源的一部分， 例如振盪器之槽路（tank )的一部分，因此，燈影響到（ 至少部分）振盪器電路的工作頻率。燈可以電感耦合或電 容耦合。這些耦合技術的實例分別揭示於授予Hollister的 美國專利4，0 1 0，4 0 〇，以及授予Goldberg的美國 專利4，4 8 5 ’ 3 3 3。這些專利教導自調諧振盪器電 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) I .- % 謂本一 --線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -6- 480535 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（4 ) 路（假定符合振盪的條件:），不過都是關於低頻的應用。 對高頻電路而言，如高頻的無電極燈，將負載（例如燈頭 )整合成振盪器電路中一部分的效果，視很多其它因素而 定，且更複雜。例如，爲使全系統的效率最佳化，阻抗匹 配極爲重要。 吾人的需要也就是本發明的目的，是高功率高頻率且 組件少的電感燈，且因此降低製造成本及複雜度。 發明槪述 自調諧系統包括一增益單元（主動單元），連同R F -驅動的負載構成一振盪器，振盪器使用R F -驅動的負 載做爲決定系統頻率的單元。增益單元例如放大器，它可 以是單級、雙級或其它結構。在一說明例中，振盪器-驅 動的負載是無電極燈的燈頭電路。無電極燈的燈頭電路包 括一激勵線圈，在密封有塡充物質之燈管的附近，當點亮 時，塡充物質形成電漿放電。燈頭電路包括一高功率電容 及一匹配電容。各種結構的振盪器都可與負載一起使用， 包括修改的Hartley、修改的Colpitts ( Clapp )、以及修改 的 A r m s t r ο n g 結構。 除了增益單元（例如放大器），振盪器還包括一回授 系統，連接於振盪器-驅動的負載與放大器之間。爲了電 壓保護，可以使用各種實施例的箝位電路，將回授系統所 施加的回授信號限制在放大器可忍受的範圍，以及箝位電 路的各種位置。在一種結構中，回授系統包括許多具有不 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再β本頁) -裝‘ 太 kSJ· 線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（5) 同阻抗的段，箝位電路連接到複數個段其中之一，該段的 阻抗能克服箝位電路之元件的限制（例如由高動態阻抗之 shottky二極體構成的箝位電路）。在一實施例中的回授系 統是雙路徑回授系統。 本發明的自調諧系統在高頻及高功率下工作。爲利於 高頻、高功率自調諧系統的工作，揭示本發明的各種技術 ，例如提供足夠的增益以及增強點亮/自一起動（例如縮 短起動時間）。 確保提供本發明之自調諧系統足夠增益的技術與配置 包括選擇振盪器結構、多級放大器（當有需要），以及回 授系統結構。例如，當主動單元是低增益的裝置時，爲了 保持在高頻振盪同時要傳送大量的功率給自-調諧燈的燈 泡’ Hartley振盪器的結構要優點於Colpitts振盪器的結構 。此外，可以增加額外的放大級。此外，具有雙回授延遲 線的回授系統可加大增益。 本發明也針對增進自-調諧系統之負載的點亮/縮短 起動時間。有很多種方法可以做到自-點亮，如使用低壓 稀有氣體做爲燈泡的塡充物質。另一種技術是提高激勵線 圈中的電流。例如，Hartley型的自-調諧燈，可以選擇抽頭 與激勵線圈之接點的位置，以提高激勵線圈中的電流。此 外，爲有助於增進點亮，自-調諧系統可以包括起動振盪 器及電源振盪器，起動振盪器具有阻抗/工作頻率匹配/ 調諧到冷槽（cold tank )。在自—調諧系統起動之後，槽 的阻抗與電源振盪器有較佳的匹配。當起動振盪器偵測到 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再_本頁) 訂·- Φ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -8- 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 電源振盪器開始吸取高功率時，起動振盪器被關閉。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再^本頁) 圖式簡單說明 從以下配合附圖對較佳實施例更特定的描述中可明瞭 本發明上述及其它目的、特徵及優點，其中，各圖中相伺 的參考編號代表相同零件。各圖非按尺寸比例，重點是說 明本發明的原理。 圖1是共振系統的槪圖，包括一振盪器及一振盪器驅 動的負載。 圖2 A是用於電感耦合無電極燈之燈頭電路的槪圖。 圖2 B是用於電容耦合無電極燈之燈頭電路的槪圖。 圖3是描繪圖2 A之電感耦合無電極燈之燈頭的部分 截面圖。 -線· 圖4 A —圖4 C是共振電路的槪圖，分別使用不同的 振盪器驅動做爲負載的無電極燈頭電路。 圖5 A —圖5 C是對應於圖4 A —圖4 C之電路的共 振電路，但在各振盪器中提供雙級放大。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖6 — 1 、圖6 — 2及圖6 — 3是按照本發明不同箝1 位電路實施例的槪圖。 圖7"- 1 、圖7 — 2及圖7 — 3顯示可爲本發明使用 之不同線圈結構例的截面圖。 圖7 — 4顯示包括在本發明的共振系統內，用於修改 的H a r 11 e y振盪器中，具有一體成形之抽頭的線圈截面圖。 圖8是使用修改的Hartley式振盪器連同無電極燈頭電 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -9 - 480535 A7 _ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（7 ) 路之共振系統實施例的電路配置槪圖。 圖8 A是箝位電路連接於圖8之電路配置之第一位置 的槪圖。 圖8 B是箝位電路連接於圖8之電路配置之第二位置 的槪圖。 圖9是沿圖8之振盪器之9 一 9線的部分截面圖。 圖1 0 — 1及圖1 0 — 2是按照本發明另一型共振電 路的槪圖。 、 圖1 1是自調諧系統的槪圖，包括起動振盪器及電源 振盪器。 圖 12-1 、圖 12 — 2 、圖 12 — 3 、圖 12 — 4 是各種型式之Colphts -式振盪器的等效電路槪圖。 圖1 3是Armstrong —式振盪器的等效電路槪圖。 元件表 3 〇 振 盪 器 3 2 負 載 3 4 放 大 器 3 6 匹 配 單 元 4 〇 激 勵 線 圈 4 2 燈 泡 4 4 塡 充 物 質 C 1 高 功 率 電容 C 2 匹 配 電 容 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----,---·---I!裝—— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再H本頁) --線_ -10 - 480535 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（8 ) 46 電漿放電 6 0 抽頭 62 阻隔電容 C 3 第三電容 6 4 拾取線圈 100 箝位電路 10 2 Schottky 二極體 10 4 齊納二極體 106 小電容 4 0 Omega r/ 線圈 8 0 接地接墊 8 1 傳輸線 8 2 放大器3 4 ( 8 )的汲極 8 4 回授接墊 86 雙回授系統 8 8 1 5歐姆的傳輸線段 9 0 9 3歐姆的傳輸線段 92 可調整的電容 9 4 2 4歐姆的傳輸線段 8 3 放大器3 4 ( 8 )的閘極 19 0 R F扼流圈 19 4 電容 19 5 電容 19 6 電容 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再β本頁) -裝 太 --線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -11 - 480535 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7___五、發明說明（g ) 11-1 電源振盪器 11-2 起動振盪器 11-3 槽電路 11-4 電源偵測電路 160 高電壓輸入點 162 低電壓輸入點 16 4 電容 16 6 電阻 17 0 R F輸入電流路徑 1 7 2 供應D C偏壓的點 6 4(13). 拾取線圈 發明詳細說明 以下的描述，其目的是爲解釋而非限制，所說明的特 定細節，如特別的結構、介面、技術等，是爲了提供對本 發明的徹底瞭解。不過，熟悉此方面技術之人士應瞭解， 本發明也可以其它的實施例實施，不需要這些特定細節。 在其它例中，對習知裝置、電路及方法的詳細描述皆予省 略，以避免不必要的細節妨礙了對本發明的描述。 圖1顯示的自-調諧系統包括一般的振盪器3 0，它 驅動一負載3 2。負載3 2會提供一反射給振盪器3 0。 振盪器3 0包括一具有放大因數A的放大器3 4 ’以及具 有回授因數β (回授因數β爲相位改變或延遲調整以及匹配 或衰減）的回授延遲或匹配單元3 6。負載3 2在放大器 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再Ϊ本頁) 太 . 線- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -12 - 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（10) 面提供一反射Γ。在圖1的自一調諧系統中，回授來自負載 3 2 (如標示爲 ''自共振另一路徑〃的虛線）而非直接來 自振盪器的輸出。 按照本發明，用於圖1之自-調諧系統的負載是無電 極燈。如前所述，無電極燈有各種類型。例如，圖2 A描 繪用於電感耦合（Η放電）無電極燈之燈頭電路的基本態 樣。圖2 Β描繪用於電容耦合（Ε放電）無電極燈之燈頭 電路的基本態樣。沿續前文中的討論，以下將槪述這兩種 無電極燈。 電感耦合（Η放電）無電極燈的燈頭電路如圖2 Α所 示，包括激勵線圈4 0，位於密封有塡充物質4 4的燈管 或燈泡4 2附近。圖2 A之電感耦合無電極燈的燈頭電路 包括連接於激勵線圈4 0第一端的高功率電容C 1，以及 連接於激勵線圈4 0第二端並電氣接地的匹配電容C 2。 在圖2 A的電感耦合無電極燈中，R F輸入施加在燈 頭電路之高功率電容C 1與匹配電容C 2之間。圖2 A的 電感耦合無電極燈是在高頻率中工作，頻率範圍從1 〇 〇 到3 0 0 0 + Μ Η z。如圖3所示，當被激勵線圏4 0點 亮，塡充物質4 4形成電漿放電4 6 ，藉以提供照明。圖 3是圖2 Α的截面圖，顯示電漿放電4 6基本上是一環影 線或環形。激勵線圈4 0具有電感L 1及電阻R 1。電漿 一旦被灼熱，它具有電感L 2及電阻R 2。用於驅動電感 耦合無電極燈之燈頭電路的某些技術，揭示於前述的 PCT公告，NO.W099/36940。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再¥本頁) Ρ太 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -13- 480535 A7 ____B7 五 '發明說明（11 ) 圖2 B說明電容耦合無電極燈的燈頭電路，燈泡5 2 (具有塡充物質5 4 )置於電容器5 0的兩極板之間。一 旦塡充物質5 4被灼熱，一位移電流流過燈泡5 2之壁的 電容，致使電漿放電。 如前所述’一旦點亮，無論無電極燈是電感耦合（例 如圖2 A )或電容耦合（例如圖2 B )，燈泡之電漿的電 阻與電感（例如圖2 A之電感耦合無電極燈中的電阻R 2 及電感L 2 )都大幅及連續地改變。電漿之電阻與電感的 連續改變也改變了共振頻率，因爲電漿的電阻與電感反射 回燈頭電路的初級或驅動電路。因此，頻率及Q都受到影 響。 圖4 A -圖4 C說明按照本發明的3個實施例，無電 極燈的燈頭電路當成負載3 2與圖1的自調諧電路結合。 圖4 A -圖4 C的說明特別顯示以電感耦合的燈代表一般 的無電極燈（當然也包括其它種類的無電極燈）。圖4 A 一圖4 C中與圖1及圖2 A中相同的單元以相同的編號識 別，但分別加註A、B及C字母，以與原屬於圖4 A、圖 4 B及圖4 C的單元區別。 圖4 A顯示用來驅動無電極燈之燈頭電路的振盪器 3〇A，是採用修改的Hartley振盪器。在圖4 A的自調諧 電路中，振盪器3 Ο A包括放大器3 4 A，連接於高功率 電容C 1與匹配電容C 2之間。一搭接線6 0連接到激勵 線圈4 0。回授單元3 6 A及阻隔電容6 2串聯於搭接線 6 〇與放大器3 4 A的輸入端之間。因此’圖4 A之修改 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再31¾本頁) II太 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 •14- 480535 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7五、發明說明（12) 的Hartley振盪器的電源及激勵線圈4 0都接地。在回授單 元3 6 A中，β代表不同的調諧調整，包括線圈抽頭長度的 電感。圖4Α提供振盪器3 0Α高回授，它有利於增益較 低的單電晶體放大器。圖5 Α顯示對它的修改’特別是振 盪器30A / ，它使用雙級的放大器34A / ° 圖4 B顯示的振盪器3 0 B採用修改的Colpitts ( Clapp )振盪器。在圖4 B的自-調諧電路中，振盪器 3 0 B包括放大器3 4 B。放大器3 4 B具有輸入端及輸 出端，放大器的輸出端連接於高功率電容C 1與匹配電容 C 2之間。第三電容C 3連接於匹配電容C 2與接地之間 。回授單元3 6 B具有第一端，連接到匹配電容C 2與第 三電容C 3之間，第二端連接到放大器3 4 B的輸入端。 圖4B之振盪器3 0B與圖4A之振盪器3 0A的最大差 異是振盪器3 0 B的回授較小。圖4 B的β量不需要與圖 4 Α相同。圖5 Β顯示修改之Colpitts ( Clapp )振盪器實 施例的雙級放大器型式，振盪器3 0 B >具有雙級放大器 3 4 B /，從回授參數的觀點來看較佳。 圖4 C顯示振盪器3 0 C採用修改的Armstrong振盪器 。在圖4 C的自調諧電路中，振盪器3 0 C包括放大器 3 4 C。放大器3 4 C具有輸入端及輸出端，放大器的輸 出端連接於高功率電容C 1與匹配電容C 2之間。此外， 振盪器3 0 C的特色爲拾取線圈6 4，與激勵線圈4 0同 軸配置。拾取線圏6 4具有第一端及第二端，拾取線圈 6 4的第一端連接到電氣接地。回授單元3 6 C連接於拾 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再^本頁) 太 訂： •線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -15- 480535 A7 _____ B7 五、發明說明（13) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) 取線圈6 4的第二端與放大器3 4 C的輸入端之間。因此 ’圖4 C之修改的Armstrong振盪器3 0 C從拾取線圏6 4 得到它所要的回技ί目號。圖5 C顯不的實施例中，修改的 Armstrong振盪器3 0 C /包括雙級放大器3 4 C /。 如從上述圖4A —圖4 C及5A - 5 C的瞭解，按照 本發明，經由從燈頭電路取得輸入信號，以使用於振盪器 -驅動燈頭電路的自-調諧R F振盪器將依循燈頭電路所 需的頻率。修改的 Hartley (圖 4 A、5 A ) ，Colpitts ( 圖4 A、5 B )及Armstrong (圖5A、5B)振盪器是可 以滿足此功能的振盪器。 圖6 - 1、圖6 - 2及圖6 - 3分別顯示箝位電路 10〇（1) 、100 (2)及100 (3)的第一、第 二、第三實施例，可用於本發明之實施例的電壓保護。箝 位電路 100 (1) 、100 (2)及 100 (3)將本 發明之振盪器3 0的回授信號限制在振盪器3 0之主動單 元（例如放大器3 4 )可以忍受的範圍。在此情況，箝位 電路 100 (1) 、100 (2)及 100 (3)可直接 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 或經由回授系統連接到放大器3 4的閘極。一般言之，箝 位電路應提供載送高電流的能力，呈現低電容及電感’且 利用短線長度。在接下來的討論中，以箝位電路1 〇 〇表 示圖6 — 1的箝位電路1 〇 〇 ( 1 )、圖6 — 2的箝位電 路1 0〇（2 )、或圖6 — 3的箝位電路1 〇 〇 ( 3 ) ’ 或它們的相等或衍生型式。 如圖6 — 1所示，箝位電路1 〇 〇 ( 1 )包括一對串 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公髮） -16- 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（14) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再SIR本頁) 聯的開關二極體，例如Shottky二極體1 0 2 — 1及1 0 2 —2，311扣]^二極體1〇2-2的陽極與311〇^1^二極體 1 0 2 — 1的陰極連接到固定電壓一 VB及+VB，它不應 超過主動裝置的最大額定電壓，典型上是額定値的7 0 -8〇％。圖6 — 2的箝位電路1 0 0 ( 2 )也具有開關二 極體（例如Shottky二極體1 〇 2 - 1及Shottky二極體 10 2 — 2)，此外，還有穩壓二極體（例如齊納二極體 1〇4 )，連接於每一個Shottky二極體1 0 2與接地之間 。特別是，齊納二極體1 0 4 — 1的陽極連接到Shottky二 極體1 0 2的陽極，齊納二極體1 0 4 - 1的陰極接地。 齊納二極體1 0 4 - 2的陰極連接到Shottky二極體1 〇 2 —2的陰極，齊納二極體1 0 4 - 2的陽極接地。在上述 的箝位電路1 0 0中，Shottky二極體1 〇 2可以是一對串 聯的MA4CS10 2B (Cj的最大値1 · OpF)。齊 納二極體1 0 4例如可以是1 6伏的TVS/Zener IN6276。 圖6 — 3的箝位電路10 0 (3)與圖6 — 2不同，它的 每一個Shottky二極體1 〇 2都並聯一個小電容1 〇 6。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 無電極燈的線圈可以有各種結構。圖7 - 1 、圖7 — 2及圖7 — 3顯示3種線圈的截面結構。特別是，圖7 -1顯示的線圈稱爲Omega 〃線圈4 0 〇 m e g a，引線彎向 線圈環路的切線方向；圖7 — 2顯示'' D C C 〃線圈，引 線從線圈向外近乎徑向延伸；圖7 - 3顯示一經過修改的 線圈，一條引線在切線方向，另一條在徑向。須瞭解，本 發明的無電極燈可以使用任何一種型式的線圈，包括圖中 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -17- 480535 A7 —_ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（15) 說明的線圈。不過，如以下的解釋，當使用修改的Hartley 振盪器，如圖4A或圖8所示，最好在適當的位置有一抽 頭6 0，並與激勵線圈4 0結爲一體。抽頭6 0與激勵線 圈4 0接合的位置可以選擇，以提高激勵線圈中的電流， 藉以有助於無電極燈的自-點亮。 如以上的解釋，修改的Hanley振盪器包括回授系統經 由抽頭連接到激勵線圈（例見圖4 A中的抽頭6 0 > 。爲 克服附近之激勵線圈4 0到無電極燈之燈泡的熱轉移，抽 頭要埋在激勵線圈內或連接成一總成，例如，抽頭到激勵 線圈的連接不使用鎔接或焊接。按照本發明的態樣，激勵 線圈與抽頭可以由一實心件構成（例如銅）。例如，抽頭 可以衝壓並成形到激勵線圈上，或整個總成由鑄造形成。 圖7 - 4顯不此種與抽頭一體成形的線圏。一般Η之’當 抽頭相對於接.地引線的角度Θ增加，回授電壓也增加，當角 度Θ增加，線圈的損失也增加。如果角度太大，可以得到高 的回授信號，但對持續放電而言，損失也太大。因此，最 佳的位置是要能提供足夠的回授電壓，同時對應的損失最 小。低增益的裝置需要較大的角度。在一實施例中，抽頭 6 0相對於激勵線圈4 0接地引線大約在1 5 - 3 0 %的 位置，以利於經由抽頭得到足夠的回授，同時保持激勵線 圈內足夠的電流。 圖8顯示使用修改之Hartley式振盪器30 (8)之自 -調諧系統實施例的電路板配置。圖9是振盪器3 0 ( 8 )沿線9 一 9的部分截面獨。圖8及9顯示激勵線圈4 0 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) % 太 . --線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -18- 480535 A7 ______ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（16) (8 )具有連接（焊接）到接地接墊8 〇的第一端。激勵 線圈4 0 ( 8 )的第二端經由高功率電容c 1 ( 8 )及傳 輸線8 1 (大約1 〇歐姆）連接到放大器3 4 ( 8 )的汲 極8 2 °振盪器3 0 ( 8 )的抽頭6 0 ( 8 )從激勵線圈 4 0 ( 8 )延伸到阻隔電容6 2 ( 8 )。阻隔電容6 2 ( 8 )位於回授接墊8 4上，它連接到包括回授系統8 6 -1及回授系統8 6 — 2的雙回授系統。回授系統8 6 - 1 及回授系統8 6 - 2基本上相互間是鏡像，每一個都包括 了不同的段’包括1 5歐姆的傳輸線段8 8、9 3歐姆的 傳輸線段9 0、可調整的電容9 2、及2 4歐姆的傳輸線 段9 4。對回授系統8 6中的每一個而言，傳輸線段9 4 連接到放大器3 4 ( 8 )的閘極8 3。在圖8的振盪器 3〇（8 )中，9 3歐姆的傳輸線段9 0的寬度比構成回 授系統8 6的其它傳輸線窄，以得到良好的電氣長度（得 到正確的相位）。可調整的電容9 2的値大約在1 p F到 3 p F之間。放大器3 4 ( 8 )例如可以是Motorola的 MRF 184 或 MRF 373。 回授系統8 6與它的雙回授延遲線，因此結合一阻抗 較高的段（9 3歐姆的傳輸線段9 0 )做延遲調整，以及 一短的低阻抗段（傳輸線8 1 )，從電晶體的汲極到做爲 線圈-電晶體隔離的高壓電容器。優點是，回授系統8 6 的雙重性態樣提供了穩定與堅固。 雖然本發明的箝位電路1 0 0可以連接到本發明之振 盪器3 0之放大器3 4的閘極’但箝位電路1 〇 〇的較佳 (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再本頁) -裝·ιρι太 ^· --線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -19- 480535 A7 _— ________ B7 五、發明說明（17) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再S本頁) 位置是在回授系統中具有高阻抗的段。例如，就圖8而論 ，閘極8 3可能是2到3歐姆，或甚至0 · 3到1歐姆（ 例如 Motorola 的 MRF 184，在 700 到 1〇〇〇 Μ Η z的範圍中工作），回授傳輸線段8 8、9 0及9 4 則分別具有1 5、9 3及2 4歐姆的阻抗。圖8 Α顯示箝 位電路1 0 0 (如上所述圖6 — 1的箝位電路1 〇 〇 ( 1 )、圖6-2的箝位電路100 (2)、或圖6-3的箝 位電路1 0 0 ( 3 ))如何連接到回授系統8 6中的9 3 歐姆的傳輸線段9 0。圖8 B顯示箝位電路1 〇 〇如何連 接到2 4歐姆的傳輸線段9 4。因此，箝位電路1 〇 〇連 接到回授系統8 6的點’要使得Shottky 一極體1 〇 2的高 動態阻抗（大約5歐姆）不會出現問題（例如圖8 A中的 9 3歐姆的傳輸線段9 0及圖8 B中的2 4歐姆傳輸線段 9 4)。 圖1 0顯示用於燈泡4 2 ( 1 0 - 1 )之修改的 Hartley式振盪器3 0 ( 1〇一1 )。激勵線圈4 0 ( 1 〇 一 1 )具有與其一體成形的抽頭6 0 ( 1 0 - 1 )，它經 由阻隔電容6 2連接到放大器3 4 ( 1 0 — 1 )的閘極。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 箝位電路1 〇 〇 - 2也連接到放大器3 4 ( 1 0 — 1 )的 閘極，箝位電路1 0 0 - 2基本上與圖6 - 2所示相同。 圖1 0中顯示的單元1 9 0是R F扼流圈（R F C )，以 20AWG繞5圈，內徑0 · 126吋。 圖1 0 - 2顯示另一種型式的自—調諧電路。激勵線 圈4 0 ( 1 〇 — 2 )在燈泡4 2 ( 1 0 — 2 )的附近’經 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -20- 480535 A7 — B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（18) 由高功率電容C1 (大約6pF)連接到放大器34 ( 1 〇- 2)的輸出。電容1 94及1 9 5的値大約在20 到4 〇 p F之間；電容1 9 6大到足以應付回授。驅動電 流爲i i。如有需要，箝位電路1 0 0 - 1 (與圖6 - 1所 示相同）可以連接到放大器3 4 ( 1 0 — 2 )的閘極。放 大器3 4 ( 1 〇 - 2 )必須具有足夠的增益，如有需要， 可以具有多個級。不過，其大小必須小到防止圍繞環路的 相位改變。 本發明的態樣也提供各種配置及技術’以提供本發明 之自調諧燈足夠的增益。例如，當主動單元是低增益的裝 置時，Hartley振盪器的結構（如圖4 A或圖8所示）優於 Colpitts振盪器結構，因爲Hartley振盪器結構所需的回授 較少。此外，具有雙回授延遲線的回授系統（如圖8的回 授系統8 6 )也可提局增益。 此外，基於增益的考量，可以增加放大的級數。關於 此，雖然圖4 A、圖4 B及圖4 C中所示的振盪器是單級 放大，但也可增加第二級的放大（分別如圖5 A、圖5 B 及圖5 C所示），以放大環路的增益。本發明並不限於1 或2級的放大，也可以使用更多級數的放大（例如3級） 。無論是何種級數的放大’圍繞環路的相位改變要最小化 (例如η X 3 6 0度，其中η = 1 ) ’以使燈頭電路可以在 所需的頻率範圍中工作。如以下的解釋’回授信號可被箝 位到主動單元可以忍受的範圍內。 本發明的另一態樣能增進自調諧燈的點亮（例如縮短 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再 .·裝--- 本頁) --線- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） 480535 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（19) 起動時間）。這些態樣中包括使用特殊的起動振盪器，當 電源振盪器開始吸取高功率時起動振盪器即關閉；較低的 燈管質量；以及提高線圈電流/降低塡充物質的壓力。 爲有助於增進點売，如圖1 1所示，自-調諧系統可 以包括電源振盪器1 1 — 1及起動振盪器1 1 一 2，兩者 都連接到自一調諧系統的槽電路1 1 一 3 (如自調諧燈） 。來自槽電路1 1 一 3的回授施加到電源振盪器1 1 一 1 。電源是經由電源偵測電路1 1 - 4施加到電源振盪器 1 1 一 1及起動振盪器11 一 2。起動振盪器1 1 一 2具 有高阻抗Zaut，當槽電路1 1 一 3是冷槽時與槽電路 1 1 一 3匹配，當槽電路1 1 — 3時，工作頻率調諧到槽 電路1 1 一 3。當電路（例如燈）起動，槽電路1 1 一 3 的Z i η被拉下，因此，它與電源振盪器1 1 一 1具有較佳 的匹配。當電源振盪器1 1 - 1開始吸取高功率時，電源 偵測電路將起動振盪器1 1 一 2關閉。在圖1 1中，當槽 電路1 1 一 3是熱槽時，Ζ。u t近似等於Ζ , η，當槽電路 1 1 — 3是冷槽時，Ζ ^ u t遠小於Z i η。 關於燈管或燈泡的質量，燈泡4 2可以由任何適合的 材料製成，例如石英、藍寶石或複晶礬土（例如）。雖然 說明的實施例中燈泡4 2是圓球形，但燈泡4 2也可以是 其它形狀，例如圓柱形或藥瓶形的燈泡。燈泡4 2可以是 孔徑燈泡。孔徑燈泡的四周包覆以反射的陶瓷外罩，光從 孔徑中射出。 用來製造燈泡4 2的石英或其它材料的量愈少愈好。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再9本頁) I'' 訂： ❿ -•線· -22- 480535 A7 _B7 __ 五、發明說明（20) 無電極燈的燈泡必須到達一溫度，以使石英燈管最冷的部 分足夠熾熱，以便提供密度正確的蒸氣塡充物質。發明人 等已計算及實驗石英燈泡的熱容，結果顯示於表1至表4 。表1爲內徑6公分及各種不同壁厚的燈泡；表2爲外徑 7公分及各種不同壁厚的燈泡；表3爲外徑6公分及各種 不同壁厚的燈泡；表4爲外徑5公分及各種不同壁厚的燈 泡。在各表中，功率是9 :0瓦，在最初3秒耦合到電漿的 熱爲1 8焦耳/秒；起始溫度爲2 5 °C，最終溫度爲 9〇0 °C，燈泡的c p爲1 2 5 0 J / k g — C ;燈泡的 密度爲 2 · 2E + 〇3kg/m3 (即 2 · 20E — 06 k g /m m 3 )。從表1到表4的結果可看出，發明人的結 論是起動時間正比於燈泡4 2的質量。因此，本發明的態 樣是使用較低的石英質量以有效縮短無電極燈的起動時間 〇 另一種有助於自-點亮的方法是在點亮的前一刻使線 圈的電流最大化。例如，在單級放大（例如1 2到1 5分 貝）的系統中，此線圈電流的最大化十分重要，它用不同 的方法負載燈頭電路（低Q )，因此提供較低的初始線圈 電壓。使線圈電流最大化的技術之一是降低抽頭6 0 (在 修改之Hartley式自調諧燈中）與激勵線圏4 0接合的位置 (即縮小圖7 — 4所示的角度Θ )。 雖然本發明與塡充物質無關，但塡充物質顯然是以使 用低壓的稀有氣體爲佳，以有助於無電極燈的自點亮。例 如’較佳的壓力範圍從大約5到3 0托或更小，低於2 0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再Θ本頁) ·%· 奎 •線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 23- 480535 A7 __________ B7 五、發明說明（21) 托更佳。塡充物質的例子包括溴化銦（1毫克/ cc )，氬 氣，及少量的氪8 5。 請先閱讀背面之注意事項再Θ本頁) 在說明實施例中的線圈，如線圈4 0是單圈。不過， 須瞭解，本發明所描述的現象及本發明的原理也一體適用 於多圏的線圈，且線圈大小/波長關係如前述PCT Publication No. W0 99/36940中的討論。此外，也可以使 用不同幾何形狀之線圈的優點（例如，最小弧形，最佳大 小用於正交驅動，等）。 本文所描述的燈及在本發明之範圍內的燈可以在低、 中、高功率範圍工作。施加於本文所說明之燈的信號，也 以在2 0 0 Μ Η z到2 0 0 0 Μ Η z的範圍爲佳，3 0 0 Μ Η ζ到9 0 0 Μ Η ζ的頻帶範圍更佳。480535 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention 1. Field of the invention The present invention belongs to the operation of an oscillator-driven load. The resonance frequency of the load may change. One example is an electrodeless lamp. 2. Description of Related Technology Radio frequency (R F)-The characteristics of the driven load will change, which will affect the resonance frequency. For example, during the start-up phase of a load operation, the resonance frequency varies greatly. In addition, due to aging and other considerations, the load's resonance frequency will change during the entire life of the load and during the operating phase after startup. Examples of RF-driven loads include radio frequency antennas. Historically, various oscillators related to RF-driven loads operating in low-power, low-frequency environments have been used for many years. These known oscillators include Colpms (Clapp) oscillators, Hartley oscillators, and Armstrong oscillators. These known oscillators are mainly used in transmitters. See, for example, Mandl, Electronics Handbook, Reston Publishing Company, Inc., 1 983, pages 73-77 o Electrodeless lamps are an example of R F-driven loads, but they use high power and high frequency. Some electrodeless lamps can produce high brightness, and the operating life exceeds 10,000 hours without replacement. Electrodeless lamps do not have internal electrodes, but rely on external structures to collapse and excite the internal filling materials to emit light. Typical types of electrodeless lamps are inductive coupling (Η discharge), capacitive coupling (E discharge), microwave coupling, and traveling wave discharge. Some basic principles of electrodeless lamps and these types are discussed in the literature. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before ¥ this page) Order: Line-Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives -4- 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) See, for example, Wharmby, DO, and Electrodeless Lamps For Lighting: A Review ", IEEE Proceedings-A, Vol. 140, No. 6, November 1 993, pp · 465-475 0 Inductance A coupled electrodeless lamp is similar to a transformer. In an inductively coupled electrodeless lamp, the charged substance (such as plasma) in the discharge tube (bulb) is used as a single-turn secondary coil, and the primary (exciter) wire is Connected to the power supply through proper impedance matching. Inductively coupled electrodeless lamps have many different configurations: the primary (exciter) coil is located outside the discharge tube; inside the discharge tube; in a cavity; or wrapped around a part of the tube A loop of wire. The magnetic field is provided by the coil and the air or magnetic core. In an inductively coupled electrodeless lamp, the alternating current in the coil causes the magnetic field to change, which induces an electric field to drive the current in the plasma. Some electrical characteristics and phenomena related to inductive coupling electrodeless lamps are found in Piejak, RB et al., A Simple Analysis of An Inductive RF Discharge, Plasma Sources Sci. Techn 1 o 1. (1992), pages 1 79- 1 86 The structure example and operation technique of the inductive coupling electrodeless lamp can be found on July 22, 1999? (: 丁? 111) 14 & 11〇111 ^ 〇 ^ 〇99 / 36940, the name is' High Frequency Inductive Lamp and Power Oscillator, and U.S. Patent Nos. 5, 7 89, 6 1 1 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In electrodeless lamps, plasma-filled bulbs constitute an RF-driven load. The glow is lit, the impedance of the cold plasma is infinite, and what the power supply sees is a nearly reactive load. However, once it is lit, the resistance and inductance of the bulb's plasma change dramatically and continuously, and the resonance frequency of the lamp head is paper. Standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before Θ this page). • • Line · Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives 480535 A7 _ B7 V. Invention said (3) because of J: soul of the plasma due to the variable resistance and inductance of the main coil or reflected back to the driving circuit, the driving frequency and the Q of the circuit are affected Zhi. Typically, this means that a space frequency adjustment circuit is needed to minimize the effects of changes in resonance frequency on startup, operation, and aging. Otherwise, lamp-outs or high power reflections may occur due to poor matching. In some electrodeless lamps, the RF source provides RF energy at a certain frequency to the lamp cap. The lamp cap is a separate part of the resonant circuit, which is designed to resonate at the frequency at which the energy is provided. In this type of lamp head, frequency matching (tuning) and impedance matching are important to optimize the efficiency of the entire system. PCT Publication No. W0 99/36940 describes an innovative RF source for this type of lamp system, which can effectively provide high power (for example, 7 0 — 9 0 0 Μ Η ζ) with a frequency of more than 3 70 watts or higher). In addition, various RF control circuits are also described to perform RF source. Frequency tuning with the lamp cap, and innovative coil structure to couple energy at high frequencies (eg 70-900 MHz or higher) Give electrodeless bulbs. However, the use of separate RF sources and control circuits for electrodeless lamps, including components and circuits used to tune frequencies, and others, adds associated control costs and complexity. The structure of other electrodeless lamps is that the lamp itself is part of the r F source, such as part of the tank of the oscillator, so the lamp affects (at least part of) the operating frequency of the oscillator circuit. The lamp can be inductively or capacitively coupled. Examples of these coupling techniques are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,0 10,400 to Hollister, and U.S. Patent No. 4,4 8 5 '3 3 to Goldberg, respectively. These patents teach that the paper size of the self-tuning oscillator is compatible with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before this page) I .-% Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-6- 480535 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (4) Road (assuming the conditions of oscillation are met :), but it is all about low frequency applications . For high-frequency circuits, such as high-frequency electrodeless lamps, the effect of integrating a load (such as a lamp cap) as part of the oscillator circuit depends on many other factors and is more complicated. For example, to optimize the efficiency of the entire system, impedance matching is extremely important. Our need is also the object of the present invention, which is an inductive lamp with high power, high frequency and few components, and thus reduces manufacturing cost and complexity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The self-tuning system includes a gain unit (active unit), which together with the RF-driven load constitutes an oscillator. The oscillator uses the RF-driven load as a unit to determine the system frequency. A gain unit, such as an amplifier, can be single-stage, double-stage, or other structures. In an illustrative example, the oscillator-driven load is a lamp base circuit for an electrodeless lamp. The electrode circuit of the electrodeless lamp includes an excitation coil, which is in the vicinity of the lamp tube sealed with the filling material. When lit, the filling material forms a plasma discharge. The lamp base circuit includes a high power capacitor and a matching capacitor. Various types of oscillators can be used with the load, including modified Hartley, modified Colpitts (Clapp), and modified A r m s t r ο n g structures. In addition to gain units (such as amplifiers), the oscillator includes a feedback system connected between the oscillator-driven load and the amplifier. For voltage protection, various embodiments of the clamp circuit can be used to limit the feedback signal applied by the feedback system to the range that the amplifier can tolerate, and various positions of the clamp circuit. In one structure, the feedback system includes many < Please read the precautions on the back of this page before β this page) -Installation 'too kSJ · line · This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5 ) The segment with the same impedance, the clamp circuit is connected to one of the plurality of segments. The impedance of this segment can overcome the limitation of the components of the clamp circuit (such as a clamp circuit composed of a high dynamic impedance shottky diode). The feedback system in one embodiment is a dual path feedback system. The self-tuning system of the present invention operates at high frequencies and high power. In order to facilitate the work of high-frequency, high-power self-tuning systems, various techniques of the present invention are disclosed, such as providing sufficient gain and enhancing lighting / self-mobilization (such as shortening the start-up time). Techniques and configurations to ensure adequate gain of the self-tuning system of the present invention include selecting an oscillator structure, a multi-stage amplifier (when required), and a feedback system structure. For example, when the active unit is a low-gain device, in order to maintain high-frequency oscillation while transmitting a large amount of power to the bulb of the self-tuning lamp, the structure of the Hartley oscillator is superior to the structure of the Colpitts oscillator. In addition, additional amplification stages can be added. In addition, a feedback system with dual feedback delay lines increases gain. The present invention also aims at improving the lighting / reducing start-up time of the load of the self-tuning system. There are many ways to achieve self-lighting, such as using low-pressure rare gas as the filling material for the bulb. Another technique is to increase the current in the excitation coil. For example, for Hartley self-tuning lamps, the position of the contact between the tap and the excitation coil can be selected to increase the current in the excitation coil. In addition, to help improve lighting, the self-tuning system may include a start-up oscillator and a power supply oscillator. The start-up oscillator has impedance / operating frequency matching / tuning to a cold tank. After the self-tuning system is started, the impedance of the tank is better matched to the power supply oscillator. When the start-up oscillator detects that the paper size is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before this page). Printed by the cooperative -8- 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) When the power oscillator starts to draw high power, the starting oscillator is turned off. (Please read the precautions on the back before ^ this page) Brief description of the drawings The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following more specific description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Similar reference numbers represent the same parts. The figures are not to scale and the emphasis is on explaining the principles of the invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a resonance system including an oscillator and an oscillator-driven load. Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a lamp base circuit for an inductively coupled electrodeless lamp. Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a lamp cap circuit for a capacitively coupled electrodeless lamp. Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view depicting the base of the inductively coupled electrodeless lamp of Fig. 2A. -Line · Figure 4A-Figure 4C is a diagram of a resonant circuit, which uses different oscillators to drive electrodeless lamp bases as loads. 5A to 5C are resonance circuits corresponding to the circuits of FIGS. 4A to 4C, but a two-stage amplification is provided in each oscillator. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figures 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3 are schematic diagrams of embodiments of different clamp 1-bit circuits according to the present invention. Fig. 7 " -1, Fig. 7-2 and Fig. 7-3 show cross-sectional views of different coil structure examples which can be used for the present invention. Figures 7-4 show cross-sectional views of coils with integrally formed taps included in the modified H a r 11 e y oscillator included in the resonance system of the present invention. Figure 8 is a modified Hartley-type oscillator with an electrodeless lamp holder. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). -9-480535 A7 _ B7 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Fifth, the description of the invention (7) circuit configuration example of the resonance system embodiment. FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of the clamp circuit connected to the first position of the circuit configuration of FIG. 8. FIG. FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram of the clamp circuit connected to the second position of the circuit configuration of FIG. 8. FIG. FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 of the oscillator of FIG. 8. FIG. 10-1 and 10-2 are schematic diagrams of another type of resonance circuit according to the present invention. Figure 11 is a diagram of a self-tuning system, including a start-up oscillator and a power oscillator. Figure 12-1, Figure 12-2, Figure 12-3, and Figure 12-4 are equivalent circuit diagrams of various types of Colphts-type oscillators. Figure 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an Armstrong-type oscillator. Component Table 3 〇 Oscillator 3 2 Load 3 4 Amplifier 3 6 Matching Unit 4 〇 Excitation Coil 4 2 Light Bulb 4 4 Charge Material C 1 High Power Capacitor C 2 Matching Capacitor This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210 X 297 mm) -----, ------ I! Pack-(Please read the precautions on the back before H page) --Line_ -10-480535 A7 B7 Ministry of Economy Wisdom Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau V. Description of the invention (8) 46 Plasma discharge 6 0 Wiper 62 Blocking capacitor C 3 Third capacitor 6 4 Pickup coil 100 Clamping circuit 10 2 Schottky diode 10 4 Zener diode 106 Small capacitor 4 0 Omega r / coil 8 0 Ground pad 8 1 Transmission line 8 2 Amplifier 3 4 (8) Drain 8 4 Feedback pad 86 Dual feedback system 8 8 1 5 Ohm transmission line segment 9 0 9 3 ohm transmission line segment 92 adjustable capacitor 9 4 2 4 ohm transmission line segment 8 3 amplifier 3 4 (8) gate 19 0 RF choke 19 4 capacitor 19 5 capacitor 19 6 capacitor (please read the first (Notes on this page again)-Install too-line · This paper size applies to China Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -11-480535 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7___ V. Invention Description (g) 11-1 Power Oscillator 11-2 Start Oscillator 11-3 Slot circuit 11-4 Power detection circuit 160 High voltage input point 162 Low voltage input point 16 4 Capacitance 16 6 Resistor 17 0 RF input current path 1 7 2 Point 6 to supply DC bias 6 4 (13). Pick Detailed description of the coil invention The following description is for the purpose of explanation rather than limitation. The specific details described, such as the special structure, interface, technology, etc., are intended to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other examples, detailed descriptions of conventional devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid unnecessary details that hinder the description of the present invention. The self-tuning system shown in Fig. 1 includes a general oscillator 30, which drives a load 32. Load 32 will provide a reflection to oscillator 30. The oscillator 30 includes an amplifier 3 4 ′ having an amplification factor A and a feedback delay or matching unit 36 having a feedback factor β (the feedback factor β is a phase change or delay adjustment and matching or attenuation). Load 3 2 in amplifier < Please read the precautions on the back before clicking this page) Too. Line-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -12-480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) The surface provides a reflection Γ. In the self-tuning system of Fig. 1, the feedback is from the load 3 2 (such as the dashed line labeled '' self-resonant path 〃) instead of directly from the oscillator output. According to the present invention, the load used for the self-tuning system of Fig. 1 is an electrodeless lamp. As mentioned earlier, there are various types of electrodeless lamps. For example, Figure 2A depicts the basic state of a lamp head circuit for an inductive coupling (three discharge) electrodeless lamp. Figure 2B depicts the basic appearance of a lamp cap circuit for a capacitively coupled (E discharge) electrodeless lamp. Following the discussion in the previous article, these two types of electrodeless lamps will be described below. The lamp head circuit of an inductive coupling (Ηdischarge) electrodeless lamp is shown in Figure 2A, which includes an excitation coil 40, which is located near a lamp tube or bulb 4 2 sealed with a charged substance 4 4. The lamp cap circuit of the inductively coupled electrodeless lamp of FIG. 2A includes a high-power capacitor C 1 connected to the first end of the excitation coil 40 and a matching capacitor C 2 connected to the second end of the excitation coil 40 and electrically grounded. In the inductively coupled electrodeless lamp of FIG. 2A, the R F input is applied between the high power capacitor C 1 and the matching capacitor C 2 of the lamp head circuit. The inductively coupled electrodeless lamp of Fig. 2A works at high frequencies, and the frequency range is from 1000 to 3 0 0 + Μ Η z. As shown in FIG. 3, when the excited line 圏 40 is lit, the charged substance 444 forms a plasma discharge 4 6 to provide lighting. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of Fig. 2A, showing that the plasma discharge 46 is basically a ring shadow or ring shape. The excitation coil 40 has an inductance L 1 and a resistance R 1. Once the plasma is hot, it has an inductance L 2 and a resistance R 2. Certain techniques for driving the lamp cap circuit of an inductively coupled electrodeless lamp are disclosed in the aforementioned PCT publication, No. W099 / 36940. This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before ¥ this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-13- 480535 A7 ____B7 Five 'invention description (11) FIG. 2B illustrates a lamp cap circuit of a capacitively coupled electrodeless lamp. A light bulb 5 2 (having a charge substance 5 4) is placed between two electrode plates of a capacitor 50. Once the charged substance 54 is heated, a displacement current flows through the capacitance of the wall of the bulb 52, causing the plasma to discharge. As mentioned before, 'once the electrodeless lamp is inductively coupled (such as Fig. 2A) or capacitively coupled (such as Fig. 2B), the resistance and inductance of the plasma of the bulb (such as the inductively coupled electrodeless in Fig. 2A) Both the resistance R 2 and the inductance L 2) in the lamp change significantly and continuously. Continuous changes in the resistance and inductance of the plasma also change the resonance frequency, because the resistance and inductance of the plasma are reflected back to the primary or drive circuit of the lamp head circuit. Therefore, both frequency and Q are affected. 4A to 4C illustrate a lamp base circuit of an electrodeless lamp as a load 32 in combination with the self-tuning circuit of FIG. 1 according to three embodiments of the present invention. The descriptions of Figs. 4A-4C specifically show that the inductively coupled lamps represent general electrodeless lamps (of course, other types of electrodeless lamps are also included). The same elements in Figure 4A to Figure 4C as those in Figure 1 and Figure 2A are identified by the same numbers, but the letters A, B, and C are added to belong to Figure 4A, Figure 4B, and Figure 4 respectively. C's unit difference. Figure 4A shows the oscillator 30A used to drive the lamp head circuit of an electrodeless lamp, using a modified Hartley oscillator. In the self-tuning circuit of Fig. 4A, the oscillator 3 0 A includes an amplifier 3 4 A and is connected between the high power capacitor C 1 and the matching capacitor C 2. A patch cord 60 is connected to the excitation coil 40. The feedback unit 3 6 A and the blocking capacitor 6 2 are connected in series between the jumper 6 0 and the input terminal of the amplifier 3 4 A. Therefore, the modification of Figure 4A applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the note on the back? Matters later on 31 of this page) II Staff Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed • 14- 480535 A7 Printed by B7 of the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives. V. Invention Description (12) The power and excitation coils of the Hartley oscillator 40 are grounded. In feedback unit 3 6 A, β represents different tuning adjustments, including the inductance of the coil tap length. Figure 4A provides a high feedback from the oscillator 30A, which is beneficial for single-transistor amplifiers with low gain. Fig. 5A shows a modification of it, especially the oscillator 30A /, which uses a two-stage amplifier 34A / °. Fig. 4B shows the oscillator 30B using a modified Colpitts (Clapp) oscillator. In the self-tuning circuit of FIG. 4B, the oscillator 3 0 B includes an amplifier 3 4 B. The amplifier 3 4 B has an input terminal and an output terminal, and the output terminal of the amplifier is connected between the high power capacitor C 1 and the matching capacitor C 2. The third capacitor C 3 is connected between the matching capacitor C 2 and the ground. The feedback unit 3 6 B has a first terminal connected between the matching capacitor C 2 and the third capacitor C 3, and a second terminal connected to the input terminal of the amplifier 3 4 B. The biggest difference between the oscillator 3 0B in FIG. 4B and the oscillator 3 0A in FIG. 4A is that the feedback from the oscillator 3 0 B is small. The amount of β in Fig. 4B need not be the same as that in Fig. 4A. Fig. 5B shows a modified two-stage amplifier type of the Colpitts (Clapp) oscillator embodiment. The oscillator 3 0 B > has a two-stage amplifier 3 4 B /, which is better from the viewpoint of feedback parameters. Figure 4C shows Oscillator 3 C using a modified Armstrong oscillator. In the self-tuning circuit of FIG. 4C, the oscillator 3 0 C includes an amplifier 3 4 C. The amplifier 3 4 C has an input terminal and an output terminal. The output terminal of the amplifier is connected between the high power capacitor C 1 and the matching capacitor C 2. In addition, the characteristic of the oscillator 30 C is a pickup coil 64, which is arranged on the same axis as the excitation coil 40. The pickup wire 圏 64 has a first end and a second end, and the first end of the pickup coil 64 is connected to electrical ground. The feedback unit 3 6 C is connected to the pick-up (please read the precautions on the back before ^ this page) Too much: • Line · This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -15- 480535 A7 _____ B7 V. Description of the invention (13) (Please read the precautions on the back before this page) Take the second end of the coil 6 4 and the input end of the amplifier 3 4 C. Therefore, the modified Armstrong oscillator 3 0C of FIG. 4C obtains the desired return number from the pickup line 6 4. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5C, the modified Armstrong oscillator 3 0 C / includes a dual-stage amplifier 3 4 C /. As can be understood from the above-mentioned FIGS. 4A to 4C and 5A to 5C, according to the present invention, the self-tuning RF oscillator used for the oscillator-driving lamp circuit will obtain the input signal from the lamp circuit according to the invention. Required frequency. Modified Hartley (Figure 4A, 5A), Colpitts (Figure 4A, 5B) and Armstrong (Figure 5A, 5B) oscillators are oscillators that can meet this function. Figures 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3 show the first, second, and third embodiments of the clamp circuits 100 (1), 100 (2), and 100 (3), respectively, which can be used in the present invention Voltage protection of an embodiment. The clamp circuits 100 (1), 100 (2), and 100 (3) limit the feedback signal of the oscillator 30 of the present invention to a range that can be tolerated by the active unit of the oscillator 30 (for example, the amplifier 3 4). In this case, the clamp circuits 100 (1), 100 (2), and 100 (3) can be printed directly by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs or connected to the gate of the amplifier 34 via a feedback system. In general, the clamp circuit should provide the ability to carry high currents, exhibit low capacitance and inductance, and use short wire lengths. In the following discussion, the clamping circuit 100 shown in FIG. 6-1 is shown as a clamping circuit 100 (1), the clamping circuit 100 (2) of FIG. 6-2, or FIG. 6-3 The clamp circuits 1 00 (3) 'or their equivalent or derivative versions. As shown in Fig. 6-1, the clamp circuit 100 (1) includes a pair of paper sheets that are in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 issued) -16- 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( 14) (Please read the precautions on the back of this page before SIR page). Switch diodes, such as Shottky diodes 1 0 2 — 1 and 1 0 2 — 2,311 buckle] ^ Diode 1 02- The anode of 2 and the cathode of 311〇 ^ 1 ^ diode 1 0 2 — 1 are connected to a fixed voltage of VB and + VB. It should not exceed the maximum rated voltage of the active device, typically 7 0 -8 rated 値〇%. The clamp circuit 1 0 0 (2) of FIG. 6-2 also has a switching diode (for example, a Shottky diode 1 0 2-1 and a Shottky diode 10 2-2). In addition, there is a voltage-stabilizing diode. A body (such as a Zener diode 104) is connected between each Shottky diode 102 and the ground. In particular, the anode of the Zener diode 104- 1 is connected to the anode of the Shottky diode 102, and the cathode of the Zener diode 10-4-1 is grounded. The cathode of the Zener diode 10 4-2 is connected to the cathode of the Shottky diode 102-2, and the anode of the Zener diode 10 4-2 is grounded. In the clamp circuit 100 described above, the Shottky diode 102 may be a pair of MA4CS10 2B (maximum 値 1 · OpF of Cj) in series. The Zener diode 104 may be, for example, a TVS / Zener IN6276 of 16 volts. The clamp circuit 10 0 (3) of Fig. 6-3 is different from that of Fig. 6-2. Each of its Shottky diodes 102 is connected in parallel with a small capacitor 106. The coils of electrodeless lamps printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy can have various structures. Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-2 and Fig. 7-3 show the cross-sectional structures of three kinds of coils. In particular, the coil shown in Figure 7 -1 is called Omega 〃 coil 40 〇mega, and the lead is bent to the tangential direction of the coil loop; Figure 7-2 shows '' DCC 〃 coil, the wire extends from the coil to the outside almost radially. ; Figure 7-3 shows a modified coil with one lead in the tangential direction and the other in the radial direction. It should be understood that the electrodeless lamp of the present invention can use any type of coil, including the paper size in the figure, which is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -17- 480535 A7 —_ B7 Ministry of Economy Wisdom Printed by the Property Cooperative Consumer Cooperative V. Coil described in the description of invention (15). However, as explained below, when using a modified Hartley oscillator, as shown in Figure 4A or Figure 8, it is best to have a tap 60 at the appropriate location and be integrated with the excitation coil 40. The position where the tap 60 is connected to the excitation coil 40 can be selected to increase the current in the excitation coil, thereby facilitating the self-lighting of the electrodeless lamp. As explained above, the modified Hanley oscillator includes a feedback system connected to the excitation coil via a tap (for example, see tap 60 in Figure 4A). To overcome the heat from the nearby excitation coil 40 to the electrodeless lamp bulb Transfer, the tap should be buried in the excitation coil or connected into an assembly, for example, the connection of the tap to the excitation coil is not used for welding or welding. According to the aspect of the present invention, the excitation coil and the tap can be composed of a solid piece (such as copper ). For example, the tap can be stamped and formed on the excitation coil, or the entire assembly is formed by casting. Figure 7-4 shows this type of wire integrated with the tap. Generally, it is used when the tap is opposite to the ground lead As the angle Θ increases, the feedback voltage also increases. When the angle Θ increases, the coil loss also increases. If the angle is too large, a high feedback signal can be obtained, but the loss is also too large for continuous discharge. Therefore, the most The best position is to provide enough feedback voltage while minimizing the corresponding loss. A low-gain device requires a larger angle. In one embodiment, the tap 6 0 is relative to the excitation coil 4 0 The ground lead is approximately 15-30% to facilitate sufficient feedback via the tap while maintaining sufficient current in the excitation coil. Figure 8 shows auto-tuning using a modified Hartley-type oscillator 30 (8) The circuit board configuration of the system embodiment. Figure 9 is a partial cross section of the oscillator 3 0 (8) along line 9 to 9. Figures 8 and 9 show the excitation coil 4 0 (please read the precautions on the back before this page)% too .-Line · This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -18- 480535 A7 ______ B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (16) (8 ) Has a first end connected (soldered) to the ground pad 8 0. The second end of the excitation coil 40 (8) is connected to the amplifier via a high power capacitor c 1 (8) and a transmission line 8 1 (approximately 10 ohms) 3 4 (8) Drain 8 2 ° Oscillator 3 0 (8) Tap 6 0 (8) extends from excitation coil 40 (8) to blocking capacitor 6 2 (8). Blocking capacitor 6 2 (8) Located on the feedback pad 8 4, it is connected to the dual feedback system including the feedback system 8 6 -1 and the feedback system 8 6-2. The system 8 6-1 and the feedback system 8 6-2 are basically mirror images of each other, each of which includes different segments. 'Including 15 ohm transmission line segments 8 8, 9 3 ohm transmission line segments 90, adjustable Capacitors 9 2, and 24 are ohmic transmission line segments 9. 4. For each of the feedback systems 86, transmission line segment 9 4 is connected to the gate 8 3 of the amplifier 3 4 (8). In FIG. 8 In the oscillator 30 (8), the width of the 93-ohm transmission line segment 90 is narrower than that of the other transmission lines constituting the feedback system 86 to obtain a good electrical length (to obtain the correct phase). The 値 of the adjustable capacitor 9 2 is approximately between 1 p F and 3 p F. The amplifier 3 4 (8) may be, for example, MRF 184 or MRF 373 from Motorola. The feedback system 86 and its dual feedback delay line, therefore, combine a higher impedance section (93 ohm transmission line section 90) for delay adjustment, and a short low impedance section (transmission line 8 1), from The drain of the transistor is used as a high voltage capacitor with coil-transistor isolation. The advantage is that the dual nature of the feedback system 8 6 provides stability and robustness. Although the clamp circuit 100 of the present invention can be connected to the gate of the amplifier 30 of the oscillator 30 of the present invention, but the clamp circuit 100 is better (please read the note on the back first? Matters later Page)-installed · ιρι 太 ^--line · This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -19- 480535 A7 _ — ________ B7 V. Description of the invention (17) (Please Read the notes on the back first and then on this page) The position is the segment with high impedance in the feedback system. For example, with regard to FIG. 8, the gate 83 may be 2 to 3 ohms, or even 0.3 to 1 ohm (for example, Motorola's MRF 184, which operates in the range of 700 to 1000 MHz), The feedback transmission line segments 88, 90, and 9 4 have impedances of 15, 9, 3, and 24 ohms, respectively. Fig. 8A shows the clamp circuit 100 (the clamp circuit 100 (1) of Fig. 6-1 as described above, the clamp circuit 100 (2) of Fig. 6-2, or the clamp of Fig. 6-3 How the circuit 1 0 0 (3)) is connected to the 9 3 ohm transmission line section 9 0 in the feedback system 8 6. Fig. 8B shows how the clamp circuit 100 is connected to the 24 ohm transmission line segment 94. Therefore, the point at which the clamp circuit 100 is connected to the feedback system 8 6 is such that the high dynamic impedance (about 5 ohms) of the Shottky pole body 102 is not a problem (for example, 93 ohms in Figure 8A). The transmission line section 9 0 and the 24 ohm transmission line section 9 4 in FIG. 8B). Fig. 10 shows a modified Hartley-type oscillator 3 0 (101-1) for a light bulb 4 2 (10-1). The excitation coil 40 (100-1) has a tap 60 (100-1) integrally formed therewith, which is connected to the gate of the amplifier 3 4 (10-1) via a blocking capacitor 62. The consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed a clamp circuit 1 00-2, which is also connected to the gate of the amplifier 3 4 (1 0 — 1). The clamp circuit 1 0 0-2 is basically the same as that shown in Figure 6-2 Show the same. The unit 1 90 shown in Figure 10 is an R F choke (R F C), which is wound 5 times at 20 AWG and has an inner diameter of 0 · 126 inches. Figure 10-2 shows another type of self-tuning circuit. Exciting coil 40 (10-2) near the light bulb 4 2 (10-2), according to this paper standard, Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -20- 480535 A7 — B7 Economy Printed by the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperative. V. Invention Description (18) The high-power capacitor C1 (approximately 6 pF) is connected to the output of the amplifier 34 (10-2). Capacitors 1 94 and 195 are approximately 20 to 40 p F; capacitors 196 are large enough to handle feedback. The drive current is i i. If required, the clamp circuit 1 0 0-1 (same as shown in Figure 6-1) can be connected to the gate of the amplifier 3 4 (1 0 — 2). The amplifier 3 4 (10-2) must have sufficient gain, and may have multiple stages if necessary. However, it must be small enough to prevent phase changes around the loop. Aspects of the invention also provide various configurations and techniques' to provide sufficient gain for the self-tuning lamp of the invention. For example, when the active unit is a low-gain device, the Hartley oscillator structure (shown in Figure 4A or Figure 8) is better than the Colpitts oscillator structure because the Hartley oscillator structure requires less feedback. In addition, a feedback system with a double feedback delay line (such as the feedback system 8 6 in FIG. 8) can also improve the local gain. In addition, based on gain considerations, the number of stages of amplification can be increased. In this regard, although the oscillators shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are single-stage amplifiers, a second-stage amplifier can also be added (as shown in Figures 5A, 5B, and 5C, respectively). (Shown) to amplify the gain of the loop. The present invention is not limited to 1 or 2 levels of magnification, and it is also possible to use more levels of magnification (for example, 3 levels). Regardless of the number of stages of amplification, the phase change around the loop is minimized (e.g., η X 360 degrees, where η = 1), so that the lamp base circuit can operate in the required frequency range. As explained below, the feedback signal can be clamped to a range that the active unit can tolerate. Another aspect of the present invention can improve the lighting of the self-tuning lamp (for example, shortening (please read the precautions on the back before you install. --- this page) ----- The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 480535 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (19) Start time). These aspects include the use of a special starter oscillator, which is turned off when the power supply oscillator starts to draw high power; lower tube quality; and increased coil current / reduced charge pressure. To help improve the point, as shown in FIG. 1, the self-tuning system may include a power oscillator 1 1-1 and a start-up oscillator 1 1-2, both of which are connected to the slot circuit 1 of the self-tuning system. 1 to 3 (such as self-tuning lights). The feedback from the slot circuits 1 1-3 is applied to the power oscillator 1 1-1. Power is applied to the power oscillator 1 1-1 and the start-up oscillator 11-2 via the power detection circuits 1 1-4. Starter oscillators 1 1-2 have high impedance Zaut. When slot circuits 1 1-3 are cold slots, they match slot circuits 1 1-3. When slot circuits 1 1-3, the operating frequency is tuned to the slot circuit 1 1-1 3. When a circuit (such as a lamp) is started, the Z i η of the slot circuit 1 1-3 is pulled down, so it has a better match with the power oscillator 1 1-1. When the power oscillator 1 1-1 starts to draw high power, the power detection circuit will start the oscillator 1 1-2 and turn off. In FIG. 11, when the slot circuits 1 1 to 3 are hot slots, Z. u t is approximately equal to Z, η. When the slot circuits 1 1-3 are cold slots, Z ^ u t is much smaller than Z i η. With regard to the quality of the lamp or bulb, the bulb 42 can be made of any suitable material, such as quartz, sapphire or polycrystalline alumina (for example). Although in the illustrated embodiment the bulb 42 is spherical, the bulb 42 may also have other shapes, such as a cylindrical or pill-shaped bulb. The bulb 4 2 may be an aperture bulb. Aperture bulbs are surrounded by a reflective ceramic cover, and light emerges from the aperture. The smaller the amount of quartz or other materials used to make the bulb 42, the better. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before 9 pages) I '' Order: ''-• Line · -22- 480535 A7 _B7 __ 5 2. Description of the invention (20) The bulb of an electrodeless lamp must reach a temperature so that the coldest part of the quartz tube is hot enough to provide a vapor-filled substance with the correct density. The inventors have calculated and tested the heat capacity of the quartz bulb, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 4. Table 1 shows bulbs with an inner diameter of 6 cm and various wall thicknesses; Table 2 shows bulbs with an outside diameter of 7 cm and various wall thicknesses; Table 3 shows bulbs with 6 cm outside diameter and various wall thicknesses; Table 4 shows outer diameters 5 cm and various wall thickness bulbs. In the tables, the power is 9: 0 watts, and the heat coupled to the plasma in the first 3 seconds is 18 Joules / second; the starting temperature is 25 ° C, the final temperature is 900 ° C, the cp of the bulb It is 1 2 5 0 J / kg — C; the density of the bulb is 2 · 2E + 〇3kg / m3 (that is, 2 · 20E — 06 kg / mm 3). From the results of Tables 1 to 4, it can be seen that the inventors have concluded that the start-up time is proportional to the mass of the bulb 42. Therefore, the aspect of the present invention is to use a lower quartz quality to effectively shorten the start-up time of the electrodeless lamp. Another method to help self-lighting is to maximize the current of the coil immediately before lighting. For example, in a single-stage amplification (eg 12 to 15 dB) system, maximizing this coil current is very important. It uses different methods to load the lamp base circuit (low Q) and therefore provides a lower initial coil voltage. One of the techniques for maximizing the coil current is to lower the position where the tap 60 (in the modified Hartley-type self-tuning lamp) and the excitation line 圏 40 are engaged (that is, to reduce the angle Θ shown in Fig. 7-4). Although the present invention has nothing to do with the filling material, it is obvious that the filling material is preferably a low-pressure rare gas to facilitate the self-lighting of the electrodeless lamp. For example, 'The better pressure range is from about 5 to 30 Torr or less, below 20 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before Θ This page) ·% · Kui • Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 23- 480535 A7 __________ B7 V. Description of the invention (21) Better. Examples of radon filling materials include indium bromide (1 mg / cc), argon, and a small amount of radon 8 5. (Please read the notes on the back before Θ this page) The coils in the illustrated embodiment, for example, the coil 40 is a single coil. However, it must be understood that the phenomena described in the present invention and the principles of the present invention are also applicable to coils with multiple chirps, and the coil size / wavelength relationship is as discussed in the aforementioned PCT Publication No. WO 99/36940. In addition, the advantages of coils with different geometries can be used (for example, minimum arc, optimal size for orthogonal drive, etc.). The lamps described herein and lamps within the scope of the present invention can operate in the low, medium, and high power ranges. The signal applied to the lamp described herein is also preferably in the range of 2000 Η Η z to 2000 Μ Η Η z, more preferably in the frequency range of 3 0 Μ Η ζ to 9 0 Η ζ .
發明人的工作還包括製造兩個修改之Hartley式振盪器 及單級放大器的無電極燈。其中一個燈的具有D C C 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1 0毫米直徑的線圈，如圖7 — 2所示，另一個燈是omega 結構的線圈，如圖7 - 1所示。在這兩個燈中，在垂直於 燈孔徑5 6 · 4公分處得到至少2 7 0 0 1 u X。具有 omega結構線圈的燈預先設定到2 6伏，加輔助起動，打開 電源在7 · 5秒內接近2700 1 ux，沒有其它的介入 。7 . 5秒的過渡算是相當快速，因爲在其它系統中， 2 0 — 3 0秒乃是常見。點亮後，共振系統平順地從燈泡 模式過渡到全輸出，不需要外部的頻率調整。 本發明的態樣有關於使用R F -驅動的負載（例如燈 頭電路）做爲自-調諧系統的頻率決定單元，基本的實施 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -24- 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（22) 例如圖4 A、圖4 B及圖4 C所示，但只是說明的例子。 例如，圖12 — 1 、圖12 — 2 、圖12 — 3、及圖 1 2 — 4顯示各種Colpitts型振盪器。圖12 — 1顯示高壓 輸入加在點1 6 0的等效槪圖。圖1 2 — 1的振盪器包括 放大器34 (12 — 1)、回授單元36 (12 — 1)， 繞連於高壓電容C1。回授單元36 (12 — 1)可以是 相移單元。在圖12—1中，激勵線圈40 (12—1) 與負載串聯（負載是燈泡及電漿）。 圖1 2 - 2是驅動無電極燈燈頭電路之振盪器的等效 槪圖，其中的低電壓輸入施加在點1 6 2。在圖1 2 — 2 的振盪器與圖1 2 - 1的主要差異是電容的配置與增加一 個第三電容（即電容164)。在圖12 — 2的振盪器中 ，高壓電容C 1遠小於電容C2及1 64。圖1 2 — 3是 與圖1 2 - 2相同的等效槪圖，但放大器3 4 ( 1 2 — 3 )是高增益的電晶體或F Έ T，它的射極連接於電容C 2 與1 6 4之間，並經由電阻1 6 6接地。圖1 2 — 4與圖 1 2 - 3相同，但進一步顯示R F輸入電流路徑1 7 0。 在圖1 2 - 4中，如有需要，在點1 7 2供應DC偏壓以 提供3 0到1 0 0伏的R F。熟悉此方面技術之人士應瞭 解，圖 12 — 1 、圖 12 — 2、圖 12 — 3 及圖 12 — 4 的實施例，其回授必須在0度、3 6 0度.......等相位。 圖1 3顯示Armstrong式的振盪器，以它的拾取線圈 6 4 ( 1 3 )從共振激勵線圈4 0 ( 1 3 )產生回授。放 大器3 4 ( 1 3 )可以是單級放大器，或雙級放大器（如 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再^本頁) ·%· 太 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 •25- 480535 A7 ____ B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（23) 圖1 3所示，包括前級放大器1 8 0 )。此外，可以連接 箝位電路’例如連接到圖1 3的點1 8 2，以保護振盪器 的一或多個放大器。因此，在圖1 3的振盪器系統中，供 給振盪的回授是來自用來從電源振盪器中的R F電流分離 出D C電流的扼流圏。一額外的繞組纏繞於扼流圈，用來 產生回授信號。回授的位準由此繞組與扼流圈之圈數的比 控制。Armstrong式振盪器電路的優點是共振線圈（即激勵 線圈4 0 ( 1 3 ))與最後一級放大器（即放大器3 4 ( 1 3 ))都接地。在使用此種w e d d i n g r i n g型激勵線圈的 高頻燈中，拾取線圈最好是配置在wedding ring線圈的附 近。 因此，雖然本發明是使用最實用及較佳的實施例描述 ，但須瞭解，本發明並不狠於所揭示的實施例，反之，本 發明意欲涵蓋各種的修改與相等配置，都包括在所附申請 專利範圍的精神與範圍中。例如，雖然各種實施例都以電 感耦合無電極燈說明，但須瞭解，本發明的技術與原理也 可用於其它類型的無電極燈，如電容耦合燈。此外，如以 上的解釋，無電極燈的領域只是適用本發明之原理及技術 的其中一例。 本發明的態樣具有很多優點。本發明使用自調諧系統 以保持負載（例如無電極燈的自調諧電路）起動及長時間 工作期間改變的共振頻率。使用較少的石英製造燈泡以及 較高的啓始功率，以有助於自-點亮及縮短起動時間。此 外，藉由在點亮前提高線僵中的電流以得到可靠的燈點亮 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----.-------^---裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再Jll本頁) 訂： _ --線· -26 - 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（24) 。此外，也使用較低的塡充壓力。 經由取消燈結構中的頻率決定單元（不與共振電路串 聯），系統被簡化且在起動及工作期間不需要調整頻率的 電路。此外，當燈老化時，仍能以匹配良好的情況持續工 作。由於輸入電源與燈系統不共振，因此’此種自一調諧 燈系統不會熄滅。自-調諧燈也允許較大的製造公差’藉 以提高良品率與降低製造成本。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) 大 訂. --線. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 表1 燈泡I D 燈泡壁厚 石英體積 燈泡重量 到達最終溫度所需 到達最終溫度所 (內徑） (毫米） (毫米3) (克） 的能量（焦耳） 需的時間（秒） 6 0.25 30.7 0.068 74 4.1 0.4 51.5 0.113 124 6.9 0.45 58.9 0.130 142 7.9 0.5 66.5 0.146 160 8.9 1 155.0 0.341 373 20.7 1.5 268.6 0.591 646 35.9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（25) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 表2 燈泡〇D (外徑） 燈泡壁厚 (毫米） 石英體積 (毫米3) 燈泡重量 (克） 到達最終溫度所需 的能量（焦耳） 到達最終溫度所 需的時間（秒） 7 0.25 35.8 0.079 86 4.8 0.4 54.8 0.121 132 7.3 0.45 607 0.134 146 8.1 0.5 66.5 0.146 160 8.9 1 114.1 0.251 275 15.3 1.5 146.1 0.321 352 19.5 表3 燈泡〇D (外徑） 燈泡壁厚 (毫米） 石英體積 (毫米3) 燈泡重量 (克） 到達最終溫度所需 的能量（焦耳） 到達最終溫度所 需的時間（秒） 6 0.25 26.0 0.057 63 3.5 0.4 39.5 0.087 95 5.3 0.45 43.6 0.096 105 5.8 0.5 47.6 0.105 115 6.4 1 79.6 0.175 192 10.6 1.5 99.0 0.218 238 13.2 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) 太 . ' -線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準瓣4規格m剛公爱） _ 480535 A7 B7 五、發明說明（26) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 表4 燈泡〇D (外徑） 燈泡壁厚 (毫米） 石英體積 (毫米3) 燈泡重量 (克） 到達最終溫度所需 的能量（焦耳） 到達最終溫度所 需的時間（秒） 5 0.25 17.7 0.039 43 2.4 0.4 26.7 0.059 64 3.6 0.45 29.4 0.065 71 3.9 0.5 31.9 0.070 77 4.3 1 51.3 0.113 123 6.9 1.5 61.3 0.135 147 8.2 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再本頁) 線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐）The inventor's work also includes making two modified Hartley-type oscillators and electrodeless lamps with single-stage amplifiers. One of the lamps has a coil of 10 mm diameter printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the DC, as shown in Figure 7-2, and the other lamp is a coil of omega structure, as shown in Figure 7-1. In these two lamps, at least 2 7 0 1 u X is obtained at a distance perpendicular to the lamp aperture 5 6 · 4 cm. The lamp with omega structure coil is preset to 26 volts, plus auxiliary start, power on, close to 2700 1 ux in 7.5 seconds, without other intervention. The 7.5-second transition is fairly fast, because in other systems, 20-30 seconds is common. After lighting, the resonance system smoothly transitions from the bulb mode to full output, without the need for external frequency adjustment. The aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an RF-driven load (such as a lamp head circuit) as a frequency determination unit of a self-tuning system. The basic implementation of this paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). ) -24- 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (22) For example, as shown in Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C, it is only an example for illustration. For example, Figure 12-1, Figure 12-2, Figure 12-3, and Figure 12-2 show various Colpitts type oscillators. Figure 12 — 1 shows the equivalent diagram of the high-voltage input at point 160. The oscillator of Fig. 2-1 includes amplifier 34 (12-1), feedback unit 36 (12-1), and it is wound around high-voltage capacitor C1. The feedback unit 36 (12-1) may be a phase shift unit. In Figure 12-1, the excitation coil 40 (12-1) is connected in series with the load (the load is a light bulb and a plasma). Figure 1 2-2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the oscillator driving the electrodeless lamp head circuit, where the low voltage input is applied at point 16 2. The main difference between the oscillator in Figure 12-2 and Figure 12-1 is the configuration of the capacitor and the addition of a third capacitor (ie, the capacitor 164). In the oscillator of Figure 12-2, the high-voltage capacitor C 1 is much smaller than the capacitors C 2 and 164. Figures 1-2 are the same equivalent 槪 diagrams as in Figures 1-2, but amplifier 3 4 (1 2-3) is a high-gain transistor or F Έ T. Its emitter is connected to capacitor C 2 and 1 6 4 and ground through resistor 1 6 6. Figures 12-4 are the same as Figures 1-2 but further show the R F input current path 1 7 0. In Figures 12-4, if required, a DC bias is supplied at point 17 2 to provide an R F of 30 to 100 volts. Those familiar with this technology should understand that the feedback in the embodiments of Figure 12-1, Figure 12-2, Figure 12-3 and Figure 12-4 must be 0 degrees, 360 degrees ... . Isophase. Figure 13 shows an Armstrong-type oscillator that uses its pickup coil 6 4 (1 3) to generate a feedback from the resonant excitation coil 4 0 (1 3). The amplifier 3 4 (1 3) can be a single-stage amplifier or a double-stage amplifier (if this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before ^ this page ) ·% · Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs • 25- 480535 A7 ____ B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of the invention (23) Figure 1 3, including the preamplifier 1 8 0). In addition, a clamp circuit ' may be connected, e.g., to point 1 8 2 of Fig. 13 to protect one or more amplifiers of the oscillator. Therefore, in the oscillator system of Fig. 13, the feedback for the oscillation is from the choke 用来 used to separate the DC current from the RF current in the power oscillator. An additional winding is wound around the choke to generate the feedback signal. The level of feedback is controlled by the ratio of the number of turns of the winding to the choke. The advantage of the Armstrong-type oscillator circuit is that both the resonance coil (ie, the excitation coil 40 (13)) and the final amplifier (ie, the amplifier 34 (13)) are grounded. In a high-frequency lamp using such a wed d i n g r i n g type excitation coil, the pickup coil is preferably arranged near a wedding ring coil. Therefore, although the present invention is described using the most practical and preferred embodiments, it must be understood that the present invention is not fierce than the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent configurations, all included in the Attach the spirit and scope of the scope of patent application. For example, although the various embodiments have been described with inductively coupled electrodeless lamps, it should be understood that the techniques and principles of the present invention can also be applied to other types of electrodeless lamps, such as capacitively coupled lamps. In addition, as explained above, the field of electrodeless lamps is just one example of the principles and techniques to which the present invention is applied. The aspect of the invention has many advantages. The present invention uses a self-tuning system to keep the load (such as an electrodeless lamp's self-tuning circuit) starting and changing resonance frequencies during long-term operation. Use less quartz to make the bulb and higher start-up power to help self-lighting and shorten start-up time. In addition, by increasing the current in the line stiffness before lighting to get a reliable light, the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -----.---- --- ^ --- install --- (Please read the precautions on the back before Jll this page) Order: _-line · -26-480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (24). In addition, lower filling pressures are also used. By eliminating the frequency-determining unit in the lamp structure (not in series with the resonant circuit), the system is simplified and there is no need to adjust the frequency circuit during startup and operation. In addition, as the lamp ages, it can continue to work in a well-matched condition. Since the input power does not resonate with the lamp system, 'this self-tuning lamp system does not go out. Self-tuning lamps also allow larger manufacturing tolerances' to increase yield and reduce manufacturing costs. (Please read the precautions on the back first, then this page) Large order. --Line. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Table 1 Bulb ID Bulb Wall Thickness Quartz Volume Bulb Weight to reach the final temperature Inner diameter) (mm) (mm3) (g) Energy (joules) Time required (seconds) 6 0.25 30.7 0.068 74 4.1 0.4 51.5 0.113 124 6.9 0.45 58.9 0.130 142 7.9 0.5 66.5 0.146 160 8.9 1 155.0 0.341 373 20.7 1.5 268.6 0.591 646 35.9 This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (25) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 2 Printed lamp 0D ( Outer diameter) Bulb wall thickness (mm) Quartz volume (mm3) Bulb weight (g) Energy required to reach the final temperature (Joules) Time required to reach the final temperature (seconds) 7 0.25 35.8 0.079 86 4.8 0.4 54.8 0.121 132 7.3 0.45 607 0.134 146 8.1 0.5 66.5 0.146 160 8.9 1 114.1 0.251 275 15.3 1.5 146.1 0.321 352 19.5 Table 3 Bulb OD (outer diameter) Bulb wall (Mm) Quartz volume (mm3) Bulb weight (g) Energy required to reach the final temperature (Joules) Time required to reach the final temperature (seconds) 6 0.25 26.0 0.057 63 3.5 0.4 39.5 0.087 95 5.3 0.45 43.6 0.096 105 5.8 0.5 47.6 0.105 115 6.4 1 79.6 0.175 192 10.6 1.5 99.0 0.218 238 13.2 (Please read the precautions on the back before this page) too. '-Line · This paper size is applicable to the national standard flap 4 size m just loved _ 480535 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (26) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Table 4 Lamp OD (outer diameter) Wall thickness of the bulb (mm) Quartz volume (mm3) Bulb weight (g) Required to reach the final temperature Energy (Joules) Time required to reach the final temperature (seconds) 5 0.25 17.7 0.039 43 2.4 0.4 26.7 0.059 64 3.6 0.45 29.4 0.065 71 3.9 0.5 31.9 0.070 77 4.3 1 51.3 0.113 123 6.9 1.5 61.3 0.135 147 8.2 (Please read first Note on the back page again) Line · This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 χ 297 mm)