474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（/ ) 【發明之應用範疇】 本發明是關於一種在數位化影像附加浮水印的術，特 別是關於一種在數位化影像檔之空間域附加浮水印的方法及 裝置。 【發明之背景】 在數位資料處理技術中，「浮水印」是指在數位化資料 檔中附加特定的資料，使該資料在必要時能顯現出來，作爲 說明或證明用途。 通常而言，在附加浮水印的技術上，主要的要求包括訊 息量、不可見度以及強韌度。分別說明如下： 1·訊息量：由於較佳之浮水印技術乃是將浮水印力口到 數位資料檔中，而非另外建立一個數位浮水印檔，適用之浮 水印技術必須能在數位資料檔中找到足夠的空間，加入 (embed)或藏入（hide)相當量的數位浮水印資料。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2·不可見度：在數位資料檔中加入之浮水印資料，應不 易爲收受方、處理者以及觀察者所察覺。一方面，浮水印對 原資料具有破壞性。爲避免對原資料之破壞，必須在感官上 難以察覺之型態存在。另一方面，浮水印有機密性，必須不 易察覺’免遭他人探知、解碼甚至消除，以維持其應用上之 功用。 3·強韌度：數位資料在傳送、處理、儲存過程中，必須 經過若干資料處理程序。該程序通常包括壓縮、轉換等。再 者’於上述過程中，會因各種原因加入雜訊、資料，甚至其 3 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（J) 他浮水印。良好的浮水印必須^在上述影響下，仍保持原狀， 不受破壞，甚至消失。 ’ 由於浮水印對數位資料具有存證、查證等功用，於數位 資料大量普遍應用的現代，具有無上的商業應用價値。尤其 對於網際網路上，各種媒體資料幾無限制的複製、散布，更 可發揮保障著作權的功效。此外，浮水印提供查證文件真正， 以及追溯數位資料傳遞、複製過程等功用，於未來電子商務 的應用上，具有相當大之潛能。 在數位資料的浮水印技術上，一般認爲Schyndel等人之 LSB (least significant bit)浮水印技術爲此領域中開先河之 技術。Schyndel等人在1994年發表在習用之LSB編碼中， 力口入一m-sequence浮水印之技術。該技術將浮水印隱藏在婁女 位影像資料中，最不明顯之位元，而浮水印資料係經由m-sequence編碼而得。附加浮水印之妻女位景多像，於收受方可以 利用相同之m-sequence serving解碼，得到浮水印。於1996 年Wolfgang等人又將該技術發展成二維編碼方式。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 如果加入浮水印的數位資料檔爲影像資料，在數位影像 資料中附加浮水印可以在其空間域附加，也可在其轉換域處 理。 於數位影像資料之空間域附加浮水印技術，在習用技術 方面，具代表性的有Matsui與Tanaka之浮水印技術。該技 術是關於在灰階影像、dithered二元影像、傳真影像、彩色 靜態影像或視訊影像上加入浮水印的技術。說明如下： 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（彳） 首先取得一數位化影像。其次，依其像素之位置，計算 ξ 相鄰影像間之灰階差異，獲得一差異値矩陣。再次，依據一 cipher key表，在表中找到相對應於各差異値之代碼値〇或1。 獲得一代碼矩陣。 接著，將欲附加之浮水印，轉換成一串以0與1代表之 數値，將該串數値形成與該代碼矩陣形式相同或相關之數値 矩陣。比較二矩陣’如其數値（0與1 )不同，則在該cipher key 表中找到與該相對應之代碼矩陣中之代碼所代表之差異値， 位置最爲接近而其數値相同之差異値，代替該差異値。處理 完畢後即獲得一個附加浮水印之差異値矩陣。該差異値矩陣 可還原成爲附加浮水印之影像。 收到該差異値矩陣或影像像素矩陣之收受方，可以利用 相同之cipher key表，還原得到浮水印。（以上請參見Mitchell D. Swanson et al·，“Multi-media data_embedding and watermarking technologies”，Preceedings of IEEE，86 (6 ); 1064-1087, June 1998。） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 而在轉換域之浮水印技術則可以Cox等人之技術爲代 表。（見 Ingemar J. Cox et al.，“Secure Spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Trans. On Image Processing, 6( 12) :1673-1687, June 1997·)該技術是適用在 DCT(Discrete cosine transform)處理之影像技術。 在Cox等人之發明中，浮水印資料是附加在經DCT處 理之影像檔中屬於中頻之部份。Cox等人選擇中頻（Middle- 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 4741 ⑽ A7 B7 五、發明說明（/ ) band frequency )部/分來附加浮水印的理由主要是獲得較大的 ; 強靭度。在中頻範圍內，影像之感官差異度（perceptual474104 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (/) [Application scope of the invention] The present invention relates to a technique for adding a watermark to a digitized image, and in particular, to a method and a device for adding a watermark to a spatial domain of a digitized image file. . [Background of the invention] In digital data processing technology, "watermark" refers to the addition of specific data to a digitized data file so that the data can be displayed when necessary for explanation or certification purposes. Generally speaking, in the technology of adding a watermark, the main requirements include the amount of information, invisibility, and toughness. The explanations are as follows: 1. Message amount: As the better watermarking technology is to add the watermark to the digital data file instead of creating another digital watermark file, the applicable watermark technology must be able to be in the digital data file Find enough space to embed or hide a significant amount of digital watermark data. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 2. Invisibility: The watermark data added to the digital data file should not be easily detectable by the receiver, processor, and observer. On the one hand, watermarks are destructive to the original data. In order to avoid damage to the source material, it must exist in a form that is not detectable on the senses. On the other hand, the watertightness of the watermark must be difficult to detect, to prevent it from being detected, decoded, or even eliminated by others, in order to maintain its application function. 3. Toughness: In the process of transmitting, processing and storing digital data, it must go through several data processing procedures. The program usually includes compression, conversion, and so on. Furthermore, in the above process, noise, information, and even 3 paper sizes are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 474104 A7 B7 for various reasons V. Description of the invention (J) He has a watermark. A good watermark must remain intact under the above effects, not be damaged, or even disappear. ’Because the watermark has the functions of storing and verifying digital data, it has the highest commercial application price in modern times where digital data are widely used. Especially for the Internet, the unlimited copying and distribution of various media materials can play a role in protecting copyright. In addition, the watermark provides the function of verifying the authenticity of the document, as well as tracing the digital data transmission and copying process. It has considerable potential for the application of future e-commerce. In the digital watermarking technology, it is generally considered that the LSB (least significant bit) floating watermarking technology of Schyndel et al. Is the pioneering technology in this field. Schyndel et al. Published a conventional LSB coding technique in 1994, which incorporated a m-sequence watermarking technique. This technology hides the watermark in the image data of Lou Nu, the least obvious bit, and the watermark data is obtained by m-sequence encoding. Multiple images of the wife and daughter are added to the watermark. The receiver can use the same m-sequence serving decoding to get the watermark. In 1996, Wolfgang et al. Developed the technology into a two-dimensional coding method. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs If the digital data file added with the watermark is image data, the watermark can be added to the digital image data in its spatial domain or processed in its conversion domain. Watermarking technology is added to the spatial domain of digital image data. In terms of conventional technology, the representative ones are Matsui and Tanaka's watermarking technology. The technology is about adding a watermark to a grayscale image, a dithered binary image, a fax image, a color still image, or a video image. The explanation is as follows: 4 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 474104 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (彳) First obtain a digitized image. Secondly, according to the position of its pixels, calculate the grayscale difference between ξ adjacent images to obtain a difference unitary matrix. Again, according to a cipher key table, a code corresponding to each difference 値 0 or 1 is found in the table. Get a code matrix. Next, the watermark to be added is converted into a series of numbers 代表 represented by 0 and 1, and the string 値 is formed into a number 値 matrix that is the same as or related to the code matrix form. Compare the two matrices. If the numbers 値 (0 and 1) are different, then find the difference in the cipher key table that corresponds to the code in the corresponding code matrix 値, the difference between the positions closest to each other and the same number 値Instead of the difference 値. After processing, a difference unitary matrix with additional watermarks is obtained. The difference unitary matrix can be restored to an image with a watermark attached. Recipients who receive the difference unitary matrix or image pixel matrix can use the same cipher key table to restore the watermark. (For the above, please refer to Mitchell D. Swanson et al., “Multi-media data_embedding and watermarking technologies”, Preceedings of IEEE, 86 (6); 1064-1087, June 1998.) The watermarking technology in the conversion domain can be represented by the technology of Cox et al. (See Ingemar J. Cox et al., "Secure Spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Trans. On Image Processing, 6 (12): 1673-1687, June 1997 ·) This technology is applicable to DCT (Discrete cosine transform) processing Imaging technology. In the invention of Cox et al., The watermark data is part of the intermediate frequency that is added to the image files processed by DCT. Cox et al. Chooses the intermediate frequency (Middle-5 This paper standard applies to Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 4741 ⑽ A7 B7 5. The reason for adding a watermark to the invention description (/) band frequency is mainly to obtain a larger; toughness. In the middle frequency range, 2. sensory difference of image
Significancy)較大，可容忍因附加浮水印導致之影像內容變 化。 在Cox之發明中，浮水印是由高斯（Gaussian)亂數分 布產生。可以X=Xi，X2,…，Xn代表，爲〇與1形成之集合。 利用下式運算後，可將該浮水印附加到一資料檔兄中，得到 具有浮水印之資料檔V/ : V^Cl+x^i) 其中，V/ (i=l，2,…，η)代表經轉換後具有浮水印之 資料檔之DCT係數，乂代表原影像之DCT係數，&代表該 以高斯亂數分布產生之浮水印檔案之元素，％代表調整向量 (scalar vector )。 處理時，只要將所得之資料檔以反D CT處理後，即獲 得原資料檔及該浮水印。亦即，於還原時將原影像及附加浮 水印之影像均作DCT處理，相減後獲得浮水印之近似DCT 係數。最後再以反DCT處理還原出該浮水印。Significancy) is large and can tolerate changes in image content due to the addition of watermarks. In Cox's invention, the watermark is generated by Gaussian random number distribution. X = Xi, X2, ..., Xn can be represented as a set of 0 and 1. After using the following formula, the watermark can be added to a data file, and a data file with a watermark V /: V ^ Cl + x ^ i) is obtained, where V / (i = 1, 2, ..., η) represents the DCT coefficient of the data file with the watermark after conversion, 乂 represents the DCT coefficient of the original image, & represents the elements of the floating watermark file generated by the Gaussian random number distribution, and% represents the scalar vector. During processing, as long as the obtained data file is processed by inverse DCT, the original data file and the watermark are obtained. That is, both the original image and the image with the watermark added are DCT processed during the restoration, and the approximate DCT coefficients of the watermark are obtained after subtraction. Finally, the watermark is restored by inverse DCT processing.
Cox等人之發明經過其他硏究人員改進，產生各種不同 之DCT轉換域附加浮水印之方法。 【發明之目的】 本發明之目的在提供一種自動在數位資料中附加浮水印 之方法及其裝置。 本發明之目的也在提供一種系統化的附加浮水印資料於 6 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線一 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製The invention of Cox et al. Has been improved by other researchers to generate a variety of methods for adding watermarks to the DCT conversion domain. [Objective of the Invention] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for automatically adding a watermark to digital data. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a system of additional watermarking information on 6 paper sizes applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order --------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs
A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 呌的方法。 之目的也在提供一種不易-覺的附加浮水印資料 資料的方法。 之目的也在提供一種具高強靭度的附加浮水印資 料於數位影像資料的方法。 【發明之簡述】 依據本發明，在數位化影像附加浮水印時，該數位化浮 水印先經容錯處理，使其具有提高的強靭度。欲附加浮水印 之數位資料檔則先經計算其各元素中適合容納浮水印資料之 値，選擇其適合於附加浮水印之部份；其次依據該適合附加 浮水印之部份之分布，塡入該經容錯處理之數位化浮水印， 並藉此調制該浮水印之內容。最後依調制之結果，將數位化 浮水印分布於該數位資料檔之中，完成浮水印之附加。 上述及其他本發明之目的及優點，可由以下詳細說明並 參照下列圖式而更形淸楚。 【圖式之說明】 第1圖表示本發明在數位影像附加浮水印之方法流程 圖。 第2圖表示適用在本發明之浮水印調制方法之流程圖。 表1顯示利用本發明之方法計算之後，於該Lena圖中 獲得之總信息量及信息量超過1之像素數。 表2顯不將表1之α參數訂爲0.3，並將Lena圖作縮小 後，獲得之總信息量及信息量超過1之像素個數。 i纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） 請 先 閱 讀 背A7 B7 How to print 呌 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The purpose is also to provide a watermarking method that is not easy to perceive. The purpose is also to provide a method for attaching watermark data with high strength to digital image data. [Brief description of the invention] According to the present invention, when a watermark is added to a digitized image, the digitized watermark is first subjected to fault tolerance processing, so that it has improved toughness. To add a watermark to a digital data file, first calculate the number of elements in the element that are suitable for containing the watermark data, select the part that is suitable for adding the watermark, and then based on the distribution of the part that is suitable for adding the watermark, enter The fault-tolerant digitized watermark is used to modulate the content of the watermark. Finally, according to the modulation result, the digitized watermark is distributed in the digital data file to complete the addition of the watermark. The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made clearer by the following detailed description and by referring to the following drawings. [Explanation of the drawing] Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for adding a watermark to a digital image according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a watermark modulation method applicable to the present invention. Table 1 shows the total amount of information obtained in the Lena graph and the number of pixels exceeding 1 after being calculated by the method of the present invention. Table 2 shows that if the α parameter in Table 1 is set to 0.3 and the Lena graph is reduced, the total amount of information obtained and the number of pixels exceeding 1 are obtained. i The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm). Please read it first.
意 事 項^ 再· 填零1 f ·裝 本 . 頁I 訂 474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6) 表3顯示將表1之α參數訂爲0.3後，以JPEG規格壓 縮後，獲得之總信肩!量及信息量超過1之像素個數。 表4顯示將表1之α參數訂爲0.3後，以低通過濾處理 後，獲得之總信息量及信息量超過1之像素個數。 【發明之詳細說明】 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 第1圖表示本發明在數位影像附加浮水印之方法流程 圖。如圖所示，本發明於數位影像附加浮水印時，於（101) 取得一浮水印資料。如該浮水印爲文字資料，通常可以適用 之格式（例如ASCII)表示。如爲影像，則可能是一連串之 灰階値。其次，於（102)將該浮水印資料利用容錯編碼器 加以編碼，以使該浮水印資料可以耐受各種壓縮、傳送、儲 存之資料處理。於此，適當之容錯編碼器包括常用之BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem)容錯編碼程式。其他可以 提高容錯率之編碼方式也可利用在本發明。於（103)取得 一數位資料檔。該數位資料檔即爲浮水印所要附加之對象。 於（104)依據該數位資料檔之特性，調制該浮水印資料檔， 以適合附加於該數位資料檔中。經調制之浮水印資料檔，可 能成爲一字串（string)之型式。於（1〇5)將該經除錯處理 之浮水印資料，附加於該數位資料檔。有關調制及附加浮水 印之方式，將於以下詳述。附加之方式是以經調制之浮水印 資料檔中之位元資料，以經調制後之型式及內容，塡入於該 數位資料檔中經選擇之位址。 於（106)，該附加浮水印之數位資料檔即可加以傳輸 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） 474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（7) 或儲存；也可利用習知之方式加以處理。於（丨〇7)，該附； ’ 加浮水印-數位資料經第二人取•，進行處理。如取得方並 無原未經附加浮水印之數位資料檔，則於（108)利用適用 之技術，於所取得之附加浮水印數位資料檔中，估算該原始 數位資料檔之內容，並獲得一近似之原始數位資料檔。估算 原始數位資料檔之技術，因非本發明之重心，並可利用任何 適當之方式達成，於此不擬詳述。於（109)將該取得之附 加浮水印數位資料檔中，減去（subtract)該近似之原始數位 資料檔或該原始數位資料檔，獲得一浮水印資料檔。於（110 ) 依前述方式解調該浮水印資料檔，於（m)亦依前述之方 式，對該浮水印資料將作除錯處理，最後獲得浮水印資料。 本發明之重點之一乃在前述調制浮水印資料檔，以適合 附加在相關數位資料檔之技術。以下將詳予說明。本發明所 提供之調制技術，乃是在數位化影像資料中，附加浮水印。 其附加之技術主要適於在數位影像資料之空間域。 雖不欲爲任何理論所拘束，但依據本發明之方法，提供 一適用之浮水印附加方法，可由以下各層面考慮： 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1.訊息量：依本發明之設計，欲獲得較佳的訊息量， 可以針對所欲處理之數位資料檔之特性，加以利用。如將所 欲附加浮水印之數位資料檔視爲信息通道，則在該信息通道 中找到最適之傳輸量，即可作爲數位資料可容納之浮水印信 息量。於此，可將浮水印當作「信息」，以下式算得信息量： 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 474104 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（<?) C =全Σ _)-------⑴ Z /=l CTr^ aj + 2cor((Jr(jT) 其中’ C表數位資料檔之總fg息量，Q；表—*參數，h表 原始數位資料檔第i位元數位資料之變異度，代表該位元附 近位元之信息強度變化；στ表該數位資料之雜訊強度，通 常可以爲該資料因處理（例如壓縮、傳送）而生之變化；A 表該第i位元資料之信息強度；cor ( 5丨，5 τ)表該第i位元 數位影像資料因爲處理而使6 i與5 τ同時發生之變異。 於上式中，5廣cor (1，（5 τ)兩因素均可省略。因於 通常應用中，對數位資料之處理（例如壓縮與傳送）與還原 係使用相同（相反）之方式與步驟。一般而言，如不考慮影 像處理所生的影響，可以令該位元影像資料（像素）之灰階 値，作爲5 i。 因此，對每一數位影像檔之任一位元影像資料，其信息 2 C ⑺=4log2(l +今)---------------------(2) 2 δ) 量可爲： 2·不可見度：上式中數位資料之變異度，亦即其附近 之fg息強度變化愈大者’其信息量愈大。理論上，信息量愈 大之影像資料，愈適合加入浮水印，但於該處加入浮水印之 後，顧及不可見度等問題，宜以參數調整之。於本發明中係 以上式中之α加以調整。調整之結果可使信息量及不可見度 兼顧，以及其他有關之應用條件。 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂.--------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 474104 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（f) 爲計算某一數位資料之附近資料之信息強度變化，本鱗 明之實施例Ψ，係以如下之罩幕#爲處理之方式：Matters needing attention ^ Refill 1 f · Install the book. Page I Order 474104 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) Table 3 shows the total information obtained after setting the α parameter of Table 1 to 0.3 and compressing it with the JPEG standard. The number of pixels with more than 1 shoulder and information. Table 4 shows the total information amount and the number of pixels whose information amount exceeds 1 after the α parameter of Table 1 is set to 0.3 and the low-pass filtering process is performed. [Detailed description of the invention] Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the method for adding a watermark to a digital image according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, when a watermark is added to a digital image, the present invention obtains a watermark data at (101). If the watermark is text data, it can usually be expressed in a suitable format (such as ASCII). If it is an image, it may be a series of gray scales. Secondly, in (102), the watermark data is encoded with a fault-tolerant encoder, so that the watermark data can withstand various compression, transmission, and storage data processing. Here, suitable fault-tolerant encoders include commonly used BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) fault-tolerant coding programs. Other coding methods that can improve the fault tolerance rate can also be used in the present invention. Obtain a digital data file at (103). The digital data file is the object to which the watermark is to be attached. At (104), according to the characteristics of the digital data file, the watermark data file is modulated to be suitable for being appended to the digital data file. The modulated watermark data file may become a string. At (105), the watermarked data processed by the debugging is added to the digital data file. The methods of modulating and adding watermarks will be detailed below. The additional method is to use the bit data in the modulated watermark data file to enter the selected address in the digital data file with the modulated type and content. At (106), the digital data file with the added watermark can be transmitted. 8 The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) 474104 A7 B7. 5. Description of the invention (7) or storage; It can also be handled in a conventional way. At (丨 〇7), the appendix; ′ Add watermark-digital data is taken by a second person for processing. If the acquirer does not have the original digital data file without the watermark attached, then (108) use the applicable technology to estimate the content of the original digital data file from the additional watermark digital data file obtained and obtain a Approximate raw digital data file. The technique of estimating the original digital data file is not the focus of the present invention and can be achieved by any appropriate method, and it is not intended to be detailed here. Subtract the approximate original digital data file or the original digital data file from the obtained additional watermark digital data file in (109) to obtain a floating watermark data file. At (110), the watermark data file is demodulated in the foregoing manner, and (m) is also used in the foregoing manner to debug the watermark data, and finally obtain the watermark data. One of the important points of the present invention is the aforementioned technique of modulating the watermark data file to suit the technology of adding to the relevant digital data file. This will be explained in detail below. The modulation technology provided by the present invention is to add a watermark to digital image data. Its additional technology is mainly suitable for the spatial domain of digital image data. Although not intended to be bound by any theory, according to the method of the present invention, providing a suitable method for adding a watermark can be considered at the following levels: Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1. Information volume: According to the invention Design, if you want to get a better amount of information, you can use the characteristics of the digital data file you want to process. If the digital data file to which the watermark is to be added is regarded as an information channel, the optimal transmission volume can be found in the information channel, and it can be used as the watermark information amount that the digital data can hold. Here, the watermark can be regarded as "information", and the following information can be used to calculate the amount of information: 9 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 474104 Α7 Β7 5. Description of the invention (&?;? ) C = full Σ _) ------- ⑴ Z / = l CTr ^ aj + 2cor ((Jr (jT) where 'C table total digital data file fg interest, Q; table — * parameters, The table h indicates the variability of the digital data in the ith bit of the original digital data file, which represents the change in the information intensity of the bits near the bit; στ indicates the noise intensity of the digital data, which can usually be processed (such as compression, transmission ); A indicates the information intensity of the i-th bit data; cor (5 丨, 5 τ) indicates that the i-th bit digital image data changes at the same time as 6 i and 5 τ due to processing. In the above formula, both of 5 factors (1, (5 τ)) can be omitted. Because in general applications, the processing (such as compression and transmission) of digital data and the reduction system use the same (opposite) methods and steps. Generally speaking, if the influence of image processing is not considered, the gray level of the bit image data (pixel) can be changed. , As 5 i. Therefore, for any bit image data of each digital image file, its information is 2 C ⑺ = 4log2 (l + present) ----------------- ---- (2) 2 δ) The quantity can be: 2 · Invisibility: The variability of the digital data in the above formula, that is, the greater the change in the intensity of the fg interest nearby, the greater the amount of information. In theory, The larger the amount of information is, the more suitable it is to add a watermark, but after adding a watermark there, taking into account issues such as invisibility, it should be adjusted with parameters. In the present invention, it is adjusted by α in the above formula. Adjustment As a result, the amount of information and invisibility can be taken into account, as well as other relevant application conditions. 10 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order. -------- Printed by the Consumers 'Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 474104 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The information intensity changes, in the example of this scale, the following screen # is used for processing. the way:
(A) ⑻ 在計算時，如所欲處理之數位資料檔爲影像資料，則是 將上述（A)及/或（B)罩幕之中心置於所處理之位元， 將涵蓋在罩幕中之位元之灰階値乘以罩幕中之數値，再予加 總，作爲該位元之變異度。 於本實施例中，可將（A)罩冪與（B)罩幕分別處理， 取其較大値，作爲信息強度變化値，稱爲「變異度」。 依上述方式計算，即可獲得該數位資料檔之總信息量； 以及各位元資料（像素）之信息量，如下： 2 = log2(l + ---------------------(3) δ] 2 C; = 1〇α2(1 + —-—^Ll-)------- ——（4)n …（υΓ) 經由上述分析，本發明在數位化影像附加浮水印之浮水 印資料調制方法，可以說明如下。第2圖表示適用在本發明 之浮水印調制方法之流程圖。於調制該浮水印資料檔時，首 先於（2〇1)取得該原始影像資料檔，並於（2〇2)利用上式 計算其各像素之信息量及影像檔之總信息量。於此，如爲一 彩色影像，則依據各原色分別計算，獲得信息量，儲存於記 11 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) r裝--------訂---------線一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 4741^^ A7 B7 五、發明說明（β) 憶體中備用。i 經上述處理之後，獲得一信息量矩陣或陣列。於（!203 ) 將信息量超過一門檻値者（例如1 )，加以標示，獲得一個 浮水印位址矩陣或陣列。於此亦可取信息量最大之特定數量 (如212個）像素所在位址，作爲附加浮水印之預定位址， 作爲浮水印位址矩陣或陣列。該位址矩陣或陣列中可標示經 選定爲浮水印附加位址者爲1，其餘爲〇。其後，於（204) 將該浮水印位址矩陣或陣列與獲得之信息量矩陣或陣列相 乘，即得一信息量——浮水印位址矩陣或陣列。於（2〇5 ) 取得上述經容錯處理獲得之二元浮氷印數値資料檔，於 (206)將經容錯處理之浮水印數値資料中之（〇)位元標以 (-1)，而將（1)位元仍保留（1)値，藉以放大其信息強 度。於（2〇7 )將此浮水印數値依該信息量——浮水印位址 矩陣或陣列中，數位非0之信息量値之前後順序，逐一作乘 法運算，獲得一浮水印數値矩陣或陣列。最後’於（208 ) 將該浮水印數値矩陣或陣列與該原始數位影像檔作加法運 算，即得附加浮水印之數位影像檔。 【實施例】 以下利用Lena圖（512x512 pixels)，說明本發明在數 位化影像附加浮水印之實施例。 經過上述處理之數位化影像檔，雖已附加數位化浮水 印，但如在人類知覺辨識能力容許下，仍可能再附加一個或 以上之浮水印。只要不損及其影像品質，均無不可。 12 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ------------·裝 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（// ) 以上是對本發明在數位化影像附加浮水印實施例之說 明，習於斯藝之人士不難由上述之說明，明瞭本發明之精 神進而作出不同的衍伸與變化，唯只要不超出本發明之精 神，均應包含於其申請專利範圍內。 --------訂---------· (請先閱讀背面之注咅？事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 474104 A7 B7 五、發明説明（/二） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 空間域浮水印信息量參數α 總信息量 信息量超過1之像素數 0.001 37.4 0 0.01 3212 0 0.1 80749.1 26662 0.2 158389.3 55436 0.3 223367.3 78621 0.4 279001 103522 0.5 327597.4 119216 0.6 370727.3 136236 0.7 409494.6 147560 0.8 444700.6 158057 0.9 476944.8 170006 1 506686.5 173552 14 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 474104 A7 B7 五、發明説明（/夕） 經滴部中央標挲局員工消费合竹社印¥ 表2: 縮小尺寸（自512 dpi) 總信息量 信息量超過1之像素數 480 293525.3 106454 448 268736.3 96668 416 245109.7 87333 384 223367.3 78621 352 202862.2 70527 320 184942.8 63442 288 167344.3 · 56437 256 150916.2 49911 表3 J P E G品質參數 總信息量 信息量超過1之像素數 90 184285.3 65360 80 160195.4 55548 75 153811.5 52830 70 148953.9 50758 60 141484.5 47724 50 136209.3 45634 40 130121.1 42792 30 123128.7 39828 20 111744.2 35334 10 91589 27550 15 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙张尺度適州中KK家標今（rNS ) Μ規格（210X 297公f ) 474104 A7 B7 五、發明說明（/4) 表4 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 低通x 18 總信息量 信息量超過1之像素數 8 319802.5 116901 7 223569.7 81655 6 185960.7 66474 5 159558.1 55097 4 135646.1 44316 3 114076.8 34453 2 92343 25366 1 21389.3 5607 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂---------線秦 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）(A) ⑻ In the calculation, if the digital data file to be processed is image data, the center of the above (A) and / or (B) mask is placed at the processed bit, which will be covered in the mask The gray level 値 of the bit in the middle is multiplied by the number 値 in the mask, and then added up as the degree of variation of the bit. In this embodiment, the (A) mask power and the (B) mask can be processed separately, and the larger 値 is taken as the information intensity change 値, which is called "variability". According to the above calculation method, the total information amount of the digital data file can be obtained; and the information amount of each metadata (pixel) is as follows: 2 = log2 (l + -------------- ------- (3) δ] 2 C; = 1〇α2 (1 + —-— ^ Ll-) ------- —— (4) n… (υΓ) Through the above analysis, A method for modulating a watermark data by adding a watermark to a digitized image according to the present invention can be explained as follows. FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for modulating a watermark in the present invention. When modulating the watermark data file, firstly (2 〇1) Obtain the original image data file, and calculate the information amount of each pixel and the total information amount of the image file in (202) using the above formula. Here, if it is a color image, it is calculated based on each primary color. The amount of information obtained is stored in Note 11 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) r Pack -------- Order --------- Line 1 Paper size applicable to China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 4741 ^^ A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (β) Reserved in memory. I After the above processing, an information matrix or array is obtained. (! 203) will letter If the amount exceeds a threshold (for example, 1), mark it to obtain a matrix or array of watermark addresses. Here you can also take the address of a specific number (such as 212) of pixels with the largest amount of information, as a reservation for additional watermark The address is used as a watermark address matrix or array. The address matrix or array can indicate that the selected watermark additional address is 1, and the rest is 0. Thereafter, the watermark address is (204) The matrix or array is multiplied with the obtained information amount matrix or array to obtain an information amount-a watermark address matrix or array. At (205) the above binary error-free ice print number and data file obtained through the above fault-tolerant processing are obtained In (206), the (0) bit in the data of the watermarked data of the fault-tolerant process is marked with (-1), and the (1) bit is still retained (1) 値, so as to enlarge its information intensity. (207) The number of the watermarks is determined by the amount of information-the number of non-zero information in the watermark address matrix or array, and the sequence is performed one by one to obtain a watermark number matrix or Array. Finally '(208) puts the watermark on the unitary matrix The array is added to the original digital image file to obtain a digital image file with a watermark added. [Example] The following uses a Lena map (512x512 pixels) to describe an embodiment of the present invention to add a watermark to a digital image. Although the processed digital image file has been digitized with a watermark, it is possible to add one or more watermarks if the human perceptual ability allows it. As long as it does not damage its image quality, nothing is impossible. 12 books Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------------ · installed (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ---- order --------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 474104 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (//) The above is an explanation of the embodiment of the present invention in which a watermark is added to a digital image. It is not difficult for people to understand the spirit of the present invention and make different extensions and changes from the above description, as long as it does not exceed the spirit of the present invention, it should be included in the scope of its patent application. -------- Order --------- · (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page) Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 13 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) 474104 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (/ II) Printed Spatial Watermark Information Amount Parameters Printed by Employee Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs α Total Information Amount Information Amount exceeds 1 Number of pixels 0.001 37.4 0 0.01 3212 0 0.1 80749.1 26662 0.2 158389.3 55436 0.3 223367.3 78621 0.4 279001 103522 0.5 327597.4 119216 0.6 370727.3 136236 0.7 409494.6 147560 0.8 444700.6 158057 0.9 476944.8 170006 1 506686.5 173552 14 (Please read the notes on the back before filling in (This page) The paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 474104 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (/ Even) Employees of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, China Consumption Printed by Hezhu Society ¥ Table 2: Reduce Size (from 512 dpi) Total amount of information Number of pixels with information exceeding 1 480 293525.3 106454 448 268736.3 96668 416 245109.7 87333 384 223367.3 78621 352 2028 62.2 70527 320 184942.8 63442 288 167344.3 · 56437 256 150916.2 49911 Table 3 Number of pixels with JPEG quality parameter total information over 1 90 184285.3 65360 80 160195.4 55548 75 153811.5 52830 70 148953.9 50758 60 141484.5 47724 50 136209.3 45634 40 130121.1 42792 30 123128.7 39828 20 111744.2 35334 10 91589 27550 15 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This paper size is KK family standard (rNS) M size (210X 297 male f) 474104 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( / 4) Table 4 Low pass printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs x 18 Total information quantity Number of pixels exceeding 1 8 319802.5 116901 7 223569.7 81655 6 185960.7 66474 5 159558.1 55097 4 135646.1 44316 3 114076.8 34453 2 92343 25366 1 21389.3 5607 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Loading -------- Order --------- Line Qin This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210 X 297 mm)