TW464779B - Liquid crystal display device and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
TW464779B
TW464779B TW086114255A TW86114255A TW464779B TW 464779 B TW464779 B TW 464779B TW 086114255 A TW086114255 A TW 086114255A TW 86114255 A TW86114255 A TW 86114255A TW 464779 B TW464779 B TW 464779B
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Taiwan
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liquid crystal
display device
crystal display
concave portion
substrate
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TW086114255A
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Chinese (zh)
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Nobukazu Nagae
Nobuaki Yamada
Shinichi Terashita
Shuichi Kozaki
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Sharp Kk
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Priority claimed from JP31528396A external-priority patent/JPH09304757A/en
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Publication of TW464779B publication Critical patent/TW464779B/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133377—Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13392—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers dispersed on the cell substrate, e.g. spherical particles, microfibres

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

A liquid crystal display device includes a display medium containing at least liquid crystal between a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent. At least one of the pair of substrates is provided with a film having a concave portion on the side of the display medium. The concave portion has a bottom portion in a vicinity of a center when viewed from a normal direction of the substrate. Liquid crystal molecules contained in the display medium are oriented axisymmetrically around the bottom portion or the vicinity thereof.

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6 4 7 7 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（i ) 發明背景 1. 發明範疇： 本發明有關一種液晶顯示裝置及彼之製法。本發明特別 有關一種具有優越顯示品質之平價液晶顯示裝置，及彼之 簡易製法。 2. 相關技藝描述： 扭轉向列（TN)模式之液晶顯示裝置習用於各式各樣之應 用（例如，用於個人電腦、文字處理機、遊樂裝置及電視 機之平面顯示器；或利用快門效應之顯示板、窗、門或 牆）。TN模式液晶顯示裝置之視角特性係參照圖32A至 32C而描述。圖32A至32C爲顯示TN模式液晶顯示裝置 中液晶分子取向狀態之剖面圖。圖32A顯示不施加電壓於 液晶下之狀態。圖32B顯示施加電壓於液晶以顯示灰度下 之狀態《圖32C顯示施加飽和電壓於液晶下之狀態。 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印家 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再域寫本頁) 於ΓΝ模式液晶顯示裝置中，如圖32A至32C所示，當 施加電壓於夾置於基板1及2之間之液晶層3時，使液晶 層中之液晶分子定向。若液晶分子於TN模式中定向時， 於圖32B所示之灰度狀態下，自方向A觀測時之液晶分子 表觀透光度異於自方向B觀測者。結果，產生視角之取向 相依性（例如當觀測者於不同取向A及B觀測時，顯示對 比明顯不同）。爲了改善視角特性之取向相依性，提出寬 幅視角模式之液晶顯示裝置，其中液晶分子於一像元内定 向於至少兩個方向。 寬幅視角模式液晶顯示裝置中視角特性之改良係參照圖 1 _______________- 4 -____ 本紙張尺度iiifl _@國家標率（CNS }( 21GX297公楚) " Α7 Β7 464779 五、發明说明（2 ) 32D至32F而描述。圖32D至32F係爲顯示寬幅視角模式 液晶顯示裝置中液晶分子取向狀態之剖面圖。圖32D顯示 不施加電恩於液晶之狀態。圖32E顯示施加電壓於液晶以 顯示灰度之狀態。圖32F顯示施加飽和電壓於液晶之狀 如圖32D所示，於寬幅視角模式液晶顯示裝置中，液晶 層3具有液晶區8及環繞該液晶區之聚合物區7。於此類 液晶顯示裝置中，於圖32E所示之灰度顯示狀態下，液晶 區8中之液晶分子9與轴對稱（例如同心地、放射狀及螺 旋狀地）園繞著軸10定向。因此，將自取向A觀察之液晶 分子表觀透光度及自取向B觀測之表現透光度平均，使之 實質相等。結果，視角特定之取向相依性較TN模式液晶 顯示装置改善。 寬幅視角模式液晶顯示裝置之已知特例有以下七種液晶 顯示裝置β 第一類液晶顯示裝置係爲圖32D至32F所示者。此類液 晶顯示裝置包括於液晶元件中被聚合物區（例如聚合物牆） 圍繞之液晶區。此外，此液晶顯示裝置不需偏光板，亦不 需定向處理。於此液晶顯示裝置中，利用液晶之雙折射以 電控制透明狀態及不透明狀態《於該液晶顯示裝置中，液 晶分子之正常光折射率基本上與支撑介質（聚合物區中之 聚合物）相等。因此，液晶顯示裝置於施加電壓下液晶分 子均勻定向時顯示透明狀態，而於不施加電壓下液晶分子 任意定向時顯示散光狀態。此類液晶顯示裝置之製造方式 -- ________ 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNs ) Α4说格{ 210X297公麓} (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再梦寫本頁〕 訂 經濟部中央橾準局員工消费合作社印製 A7 464779 _ B7_____ 五、發明説明（3〉 係將液晶與光可固化樹脂或熱固化樹脂之混合物注入液晶 元件之間，混合物中之樹脂被固化以配置液晶’而於樹脂 (聚合物牆）中形成液晶區。此種方法係揭示於日本全國專 利公告第61-502128號。此外，日本公開專利公告第4_ 338923號及4-212928號揭示另外一種得到寬幅視角模式之 技術，其中偏光板係位於液晶顯示裝置之兩面，使其偏光 轴彼此正交。 第二類液晶顯示裝置係爲非散射型，採用偏光板。此液 晶顯示裝置包括液晶區，包括數個被聚合物圍繞之功能區 域’其係由液晶及光可固化樹脂之混合物分相而形成（日 本公開專利公告第5-27242號）。於該液晶顯示裝置中，液 晶區之各個功能區域之定向狀態係藉著由分相形成之聚合 物所分配’以成爲任意狀態。結果，因爲施加電壓下各個 功能區域中液晶分子翹高之方向與其他功能區域相異，將 △ n.d平均’以使自任何方向觀測之表觀透光度變成相 等。因此’改善灰度之視角特性。 第二類液晶顯示裝置之基板表面上具有由具有球體結構 之晶狀聚合物形成之薄膜。於該液晶顯示裝置中，液晶區 中之液晶分子利用球體結構之轴對稱取向調整力定向，以 得到寬幅视角顯示模式（日本公開專利公告第08496 號）。 於第四類液晶顯示裝置中，將對正膜施加於基板上而不 進行諸如摩擦之對正處理，使液晶分子任意定向（日本公 開專利公告第6-194655號）。 _____—__-6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯率（CNS) (训幻”公董 - --- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再择寫本頁) ,1Τ 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 464779 A7 ______B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 於第三及第四類液晶顯示装置中，因爲像元中液晶分子 定向於不同取向，故易產生轉化線，而損及對比。 爲了防止像无中產生轉化線，已提出第五類液晶顯示裝 置。於此種液晶顯示裝置中，像元中之液晶分子軸對稱地 定向。例如，申請人於R本公開專利公告第7_12〇728號中 提出一種液晶顯示裝置’其係於控制内之方式下以光照射 含有液晶材料及光可固化樹脂之液晶元件（例如透過光掩 模而以光照射液晶元件）而製造。於該液晶顯示裝置中， 液晶分子於不施加電壓下與軸對稱（例如螺旋狀）地定向於 像元區中’施加電壓於液晶分子時，螺旋取向則轉化成各 向同性狀態°結果，大幅改善視角特性。 於第六類液晶顯示裝置中，液晶分子之軸對稱取向係藉 著定向處理而達成（例如，於基板中形成軸對稱窄槽）（曰 本公開專利公告第6_2659〇2及6·324337號）。 第五類液晶顯示裝置係一概念而實用性差。於第六類液 晶顯示裝置中’難以控制液晶分子之預先傾斜。因此，易 產生轉化線’而且，轴對稱取向之安定性不足。 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作杜印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再垓寫本頁) 第七類液晶顯示裝置具有所謂ASM結構。於此種液晶 顯示裝置中，包含液晶材料及光可固化樹脂之液晶元件於 根據特定规則改變溫度及施加電壓下照光。因此，像元中 液晶分子得到轴對稱取向（例如，日本公開專利公告第6. 301015 及 7-120728 號）。 然而，若液晶分子藉前述技術進行與軸對稱之定向，則 無法充分地控制輪對稱定向抽。因此，液晶分子軸對稱定 -----7-___ 本紙張尺度賴中ϋ g]家標_ { CNS ) ( 2丨G X 297公釐） 9 9 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（5 ) 向之定向軸傾斜，或定向軸移位。軸移位之問題將參照圖 33A及33B描述。圖33A及33B爲顯示當液晶元件於正交 偏光鏡下傾斜時以偏光顯微鏡觀察之狀態。圖33A顯示該 軸未移位之情況。圖33Β顯示某些軸移位之情況。對照圖 33Α及33Β發現當該軸移位時，像元中平均透光度異於其 他像元，當觀測整體螢幕時，發現粗糙度。此外，於改變 視角下觀察時，像元中看起來呈黑色之部分的面積增加。 如前文所述，於習用液晶顯示裝置中，無法充分控制軸 對稱定向之定向轴的位置。此外，於習用液晶顯示裝置 中’即使導致具有無法充份控制位置之定向軸的液晶分子 轴對稱定向（例如，需於根據特定規則改變溫度及施加電 恩下使液晶元件照光），仍需要複雜之製法。換言之，習 用液晶顯示裝置具有高成本及無法充分控制定向軸之問 題。 因此，需要一種不需複雜製法（即，不昂貴之液晶顯示 裝置）而可精確控制液晶分子定向軸位置之液晶顯示裝置 (即’具有優越顚示品質（例如優越視角特性而不粗链）之 液晶顯示裝置。 發明簡述 本發明液晶顯示裝置包括一顯示媒體，其含有至少一種 液晶而夾置於一對基板之間，該基板至少—片爲透明，該 對基板中至少一片具有在面對著顯示媒體之側面上具有凹 形邵分之薄膜，該凹形部分自基板法線方向觀看時，於凹 ^紙^度適用1( CNS )八4祕（210X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) > .¾. 經濟部中央標率局員工消費合作杜印装 ^ 6 47 7 9 A7 ---^_______B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 形部分中心附近具有底部’該顧示媒體中所含之液晶分子 與軸對稱地定向於底部周園或其附近。 於本發明之—具體實例中，在平分底部之垂直面中界定 凹形部分之輪靡爲曲線，而該曲線之二次導數符號爲正。 於另-個本發明具體實例中，在平分底部之垂直面中界 定凹形部分之輪廓爲直線。 於另-個本發明具體實例中，於平分底部之垂直面中界 定凹形部分之輪廓爲曲線’而該曲線之二次導數符號爲 負。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，於平分底部之垂直面中界 定該凹形部分之輪廓係爲曲線，該曲線具有曲線二次導數 符號爲正之部分及該曲線之二次導數爲負之部分。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，提供有具有凹形部分之薄 膜之基板與提供有具有凸形部分之薄膜之基板相對，使凹 形部分之底部對應於凸形部分之頂部，而顯示媒體中所含 &液晶分子與軸對稱地定向於該底部及頂部周圍或其附 近。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，該顯示媒體包括主要含有 液晶之液晶區及圍繞該液晶區之聚合物區。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，形成該凹形部分，使液晶 區中心之元件間隙最大，液晶區末端之元件間隙最小，而 液晶分子軸對稱稱定向軸係位於液晶區中心。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，具有凹形部分之膜表面梯 度於位於存有液晶區之像元部分與非像元部分間之邊界上 ""· ~ 1 ----- ^ 9 - 本紙張尺度適财咖家樣準（〔叫八4祕（210><297公们 -- —.1 i ^ I n I I ^ I (請先閲讀背面之注意寧項再瑣寫本頁) 4 6 47 7 9 A7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 連續改變。 於另個本發明具體實例中，該具有凹形部分之薄膜係 自熱塑性絕緣材料或熱固性絕緣材料形成。 於另》個本發明具體實例中，該具有凹形部分之薄膜係 自感光性絕緣材料形成。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，透明電極係於提供有具有 凹形部分之薄膜之基板上形成。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，該裝置另外包括濾色器， 其包括彩色層、遮光層及覆蓋彩色層及遮光層之覆層，其 中該凹形部分係於濾色器中形成。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，提供對應於像元部分之凹 形部分’而濾色器對應於非像元部分之部分平坦。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，於覆層上形成透明電極。 於另一個本發明具體實例中，覆層係自選自熱塑性樹 脂、熱固性樹脂及光可固化樹脂之材料形成。 於另一個本發明具體實例中’彩色層係使用彩色抗蚀劑 藉感光石印術形成，具有一開口直徑爲1〇微米或較小之 凹陷之，該遮光層高於彩色層，而覆層係自無機物質或有 機物質形成。 本發明亦提供一種製造液晶顯示裝置之方法。該方法包 括以下步驟，於一對基板之至少一片上形成用以形成凹形 部分之薄膜；及以具有預定凹形及凸形表面之模具壓製該 膜，以於該膜之預定位置上形成預定形狀之凹形部分。 於本發明之一具體實例中，模具之凹形及凸形表面具有 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再场寫本頁) -* ♦ ! ί- ί ί 一 - 464779 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 ) — 圓椎形狀成橢圓椎形。 或者’本發明方法包括以下步驟：於一對基板之至少— 片上堆叠多層自基板法線觀看具有圓形或橢圓形之薄膜， 使較接近基板之膜具有較大面積，而形成在周線中具有階 梯之凸形部分；及形成覆蓋該凸形部分之膜，以形成具有 平滑表面而於相鄰凸形部分之間具有底部之凹形部分。 或者，本發明方法包括以下步驟：於一對基板之至少— 片上形成由感光性材料製造之膜；透過具有不同透光度標 度之刻度掩模使該膜曝光以形成圖案，而於膜中形成凹形 部分。 於本發明之一具體實例中’該方法另外包括以下步驟： 將液晶與光可聚合化合物之混合物注入該對基板之間；及 以紫外線照射該混合物，以使光可聚合化合物固化。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再域寫本頁) 或者，本發明方法包括以下步驟：於基板上預定位置上 形成彩色層及遮光層，随後形成覆蓋該彩色層及該遮光層 之覆層，以形成濾色器；及以具有預定凹形及凸形表面之 模具壓製該覆層，以於覆層之預定位置内形成預形狀之凹 形部分。 於本發明之一具體實例中，覆層係藉著施加覆層劑，隨 之移除覆層劑中所含之溶劑而形成。 於本發明之一具體實例中，該模具於對應於像元之位置 具有凸形部分或隆突 於另一個本發明具體實例中，該模具之某部分具有平 面。 -11· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準（CNS ) A4说格< 210X297公釐） 7 7 9 4 6 4 7 7 9 A7 ___________ B7 五、發明説明（9 ) "~~~~ ~ 或者，本發明方法包括以下步躲. 卜艾驟·使用彩色抗蝕劑劑藉 感光石印術形成滤色器之彩色層’其中係經由光掩模進行 照光，使對應於彩色抗蚀劑之像Μ心部分的部分不固 化，而形成凹陷，以於彩芦屉 . 々巴層 < 像兀中心郅分形成預定凹 形部分。 於本發明之-具體實財，凹_口直徑爲1Q微米或 較小。 因此，本發明可得到以下優點（1)提供一液晶顯示裝 置，其中液B日分子疋向軸之位置可被精確地控制（即，具 有優越之視角特性且不粗糙）及⑺提供—種製造該液晶顯 示裝置之簡易平價方法。 熟習此技藝者可於參照附圖閱讀並明瞭以下詳述後明瞭 本發明之此等及其他優點。 附圖簡述 圖1A至1D爲説明位於本發明液晶顯示裝置之基板上 之凹形部分之不同具體實例的説明圖； 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (諳先閱讀背面之注意事項再域寫本頁) 圖2A爲顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置之較佳具體實例之製 法中之基板的平面圖； 圖2B爲沿圖2A中B-B線所得之基板剖面圖； 圖3A爲顯示用於本發明液晶顯示裝置之較佳具體實例 之製法中之模具的平面圖； 圖3B爲沿圖3 A之B-B線所得之模具剖面圖； 圖4A爲顯示使用圖3A及3B之模具於基板上形成之反 圓椎形之凹形部分的平面圖；6 4 7 7 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (i) Background of the invention 1. Field of the invention: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same. The present invention particularly relates to an inexpensive liquid crystal display device having superior display quality and a simple manufacturing method therefor. 2. Relevant technical description: TN mode liquid crystal display devices are used in a variety of applications (for example, flat displays for personal computers, word processors, amusement devices, and televisions; or using the shutter effect Display panels, windows, doors, or walls). The viewing angle characteristics of the TN mode liquid crystal display device are described with reference to FIGS. 32A to 32C. 32A to 32C are sectional views showing alignment states of liquid crystal molecules in a TN mode liquid crystal display device. Fig. 32A shows a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. Fig. 32B shows a state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal to display a gray scale. Fig. 32C shows a state where a saturated voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. Yin Jia, a Consumers Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before writing this page). In the Γ Mode LCD device, as shown in Figures 32A to 32C, when a voltage is applied to the substrate 1 When the liquid crystal layer 3 is between 2 and 2, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned. If the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the TN mode, the apparent transmittance of the liquid crystal molecules when viewed from the direction A is different from that observed from the direction B in the gray state shown in FIG. 32B. As a result, orientation dependence of the viewing angle is generated (for example, when the observer observes in different orientations A and B, the display contrast is significantly different). In order to improve the orientation dependence of viewing angle characteristics, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle mode is proposed, in which liquid crystal molecules are oriented in at least two directions in one pixel. The improvement of viewing angle characteristics in the wide viewing angle mode liquid crystal display device is shown in FIG. 1 _______________- 4 -____ This paper size iiifl _ @ National standard rate (CNS) (21GX297) Chu " Α7 Β7 464779 V. Description of the invention (2) 32D to 32F. Figs. 32D to 32F are cross-sectional views showing the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle mode. Fig. 32D shows a state where no electricity is applied to the liquid crystal. Fig. 32E shows a voltage applied to the liquid crystal for display. The state of the gray scale. Fig. 32F shows a state where a saturated voltage is applied to the liquid crystal as shown in Fig. 32D. In a wide viewing angle mode liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal layer 3 has a liquid crystal region 8 and a polymer region 7 surrounding the liquid crystal region. In such a liquid crystal display device, in the grayscale display state shown in FIG. 32E, the liquid crystal molecules 9 in the liquid crystal region 8 are oriented symmetrically (eg, concentrically, radially, and spirally) in the circle about the axis 10. Therefore, The average transmittance of liquid crystal molecules observed in self-alignment A and the apparent transmittance observed in self-alignment B are averaged to make them substantially equal. As a result, the orientation dependence of a specific viewing angle is higher than that of a TN mode liquid crystal display device. The known special cases of the wide viewing angle mode liquid crystal display device include the following seven types of liquid crystal display devices. The first type of liquid crystal display device is shown in Figs. 32D to 32F. Such liquid crystal display devices are polymerized by including the liquid crystal elements. A liquid crystal area surrounded by an object area (such as a polymer wall). In addition, the liquid crystal display device does not require a polarizing plate or orientation processing. In this liquid crystal display device, the birefringence of the liquid crystal is used to electrically control the transparent state and the opaque state. "In this liquid crystal display device, the normal light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules is basically equal to the supporting medium (the polymer in the polymer region). Therefore, the liquid crystal display device displays a transparent state when the liquid crystal molecules are uniformly aligned under an applied voltage, and The astigmatism state is displayed when the liquid crystal molecules are arbitrarily oriented without applying a voltage. The manufacturing method of this type of liquid crystal display device-________ 5 This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standards (CNs) Α4 格格 {210X297 公 484} (Please read the back Note again, write this page] Order printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 464779 _ B7_____ 5 2. Description of the invention (3>) A mixture of liquid crystal and a photo-curable resin or a thermosetting resin is injected between the liquid crystal elements, and the resin in the mixture is cured to configure the liquid crystal 'to form a liquid crystal region in the resin (polymer wall). This method is disclosed in Japanese National Patent Publication No. 61-502128. In addition, Japanese Published Patent Publications No. 4_338923 and No. 4-212928 disclose another technique for obtaining a wide viewing angle mode, in which a polarizing plate is located in a liquid crystal display device. Both sides have their polarization axes orthogonal to each other. The second type of liquid crystal display device is a non-scattering type and uses a polarizing plate. This liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal region including a plurality of functional regions surrounded by a polymer, which are formed by phase separation of a mixture of liquid crystal and a photocurable resin (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-27242). In this liquid crystal display device, the orientation state of each functional region of the liquid crystal region is assigned by the polymer formed by the phase separation 'to an arbitrary state. As a result, since the directions of raising the liquid crystal molecules in each functional region are different from those in other functional regions under the applied voltage, Δ n.d is averaged 'so that the apparent transmittance observed from any direction becomes equal. Therefore, 'the viewing angle characteristic of the gray scale is improved. The second type of liquid crystal display device has a thin film formed of a crystalline polymer having a spherical structure on the substrate surface. In this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region are oriented using the axisymmetric orientation of the spherical structure to adjust the force to obtain a wide viewing angle display mode (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 08496). In a fourth type of liquid crystal display device, an alignment film is applied to a substrate without performing an alignment process such as rubbing to orient the liquid crystal molecules arbitrarily (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 6-194655). _____—__- 6- This paper scale is applicable to China National Slope (CNS) (Executive Magic)---- (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) Printed by the cooperative 464779 A7 ______B7 V. Description of the invention (4) In the third and fourth types of liquid crystal display devices, because the liquid crystal molecules in the picture elements are oriented in different orientations, it is easy to generate conversion lines and damage the contrast. In order to prevent images A conversion line is generated in the absence, and a fifth type of liquid crystal display device has been proposed. In this type of liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules in the picture element are oriented axially symmetrically. For example, the applicant in R Patent Publication No. 7_12〇728 A liquid crystal display device is proposed, which is manufactured by irradiating a liquid crystal element containing a liquid crystal material and a photo-curable resin with light (for example, irradiating the liquid crystal element with light through a photomask) in a controlled manner. In this liquid crystal display device The liquid crystal molecules are oriented symmetrically (for example, spirally) in the pixel region with no axis applied. 'When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the spiral orientation is transformed into an isotropic state. As a result, the viewing angle characteristics are greatly improved. In the sixth type of liquid crystal display device, the axisymmetric alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is achieved by an orientation process (for example, an axisymmetric narrow groove is formed in the substrate) (referred to as this publication patent publication No. 6_2659). Nos. 2 and 6.324337). The fifth type of liquid crystal display device is a concept with poor practicality. In the sixth type of liquid crystal display device, it is 'difficult to control the pretilt of liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, it is easy to generate conversion lines' and the axis is symmetrically oriented. The stability is insufficient. Printed by the consumer cooperation of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Please read the notes on the back before writing this page) The seventh type of liquid crystal display device has a so-called ASM structure. In this type of liquid crystal display device, A liquid crystal element including a liquid crystal material and a photo-curable resin is irradiated with light under a change in temperature and an applied voltage according to a specific rule. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules in the picture element obtain an axisymmetric orientation (for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 6.301015 and 7-120728) However, if the liquid crystal molecules are aligned with the axis symmetry by the aforementioned technology, the wheel symmetry orientation pumping cannot be fully controlled. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules are axisymmetrically set ----- 7 -___ The paper size is Lai Zhongϋ g] 家 标 _ {CNS) (2 丨 GX 297 mm) 9 9 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 Β7 5. Description of the invention (5) The orientation axis is tilted, or the orientation axis is shifted. The problem of the axis shift will be described with reference to Figs. 33A and 33B. Figs. 33A and 33B show when the liquid crystal element is tilted under a cross polarizer. Observe the state with a polarizing microscope. Figure 33A shows the case where the axis is not shifted. Figure 33B shows the case where some axes are shifted. Comparing Figures 33A and 33B, it is found that when the axis is shifted, the average transmittance in the pixel is different. For other pixels, when observing the overall screen, roughness was found. In addition, the area of the pixels that appear black increases when viewed from a different viewing angle. As described above, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, the position of the orientation axis whose axis is symmetrically oriented cannot be fully controlled. In addition, in conventional liquid crystal display devices, even if the liquid crystal molecules have an axis-symmetric orientation with an orientation axis that cannot fully control the position (for example, the liquid crystal element needs to be illuminated by changing the temperature according to a specific rule and applying electric power), it still needs to be complicated. System of law. In other words, the conventional liquid crystal display device has problems of high cost and insufficient control of the orientation axis. Therefore, there is a need for a liquid crystal display device that does not require a complicated manufacturing method (ie, an inexpensive liquid crystal display device) and can precisely control the orientation axis position of liquid crystal molecules (ie, a device that has superior display quality (such as superior viewing angle characteristics without thick chains). Liquid crystal display device. Brief description of the invention The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a display medium which contains at least one liquid crystal and is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and at least one of the pair of substrates has a facing surface. A concave film on the side of the display medium. When the concave portion is viewed from the normal direction of the substrate, it is suitable for concave ^ paper ^ degree 1 (CNS) 8 secret (210X 297 mm) (Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) > .¾. Consumption cooperation of employees of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Du printed ^ 6 47 7 9 A7 --- ^ _______ B7 V. Description of the invention (6) The bottom of the shape part has a bottom near the center 'The liquid crystal molecules contained in the Gu Shi medium are orientated symmetrically to or near the bottom perimeter of the axis. In the specific example of the present invention, the round of the concave portion is defined in the vertical plane that bisects the bottom. Is a curve, and the sign of the second derivative of the curve is positive. In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the contour that defines the concave portion in the vertical plane that bisects the bottom is a straight line. In another specific embodiment of the present invention, The contour defining the concave portion in the vertical plane of the bisected bottom is a curve, and the sign of the second derivative of the curve is negative. In another embodiment of the present invention, the contour of the concave portion is defined in the vertical plane of the bisected bottom. Is a curve, the curve has a part where the second derivative of the curve is positive and a part where the second derivative of the curve is negative. In another embodiment of the present invention, a substrate provided with a film having a concave portion and a substrate provided with The substrates of the convex portion of the film are opposed so that the bottom portion of the concave portion corresponds to the top portion of the convex portion, and the & liquid crystal molecules contained in the display medium are orientated symmetrically around or around the bottom portion and the top portion. In one embodiment of the present invention, the display medium includes a liquid crystal region mainly containing liquid crystal and a polymer region surrounding the liquid crystal region. In the formation of the concave portion, the element gap at the center of the liquid crystal region is maximized, the element gap at the end of the liquid crystal region is minimized, and the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically oriented at the center of the liquid crystal region. In another embodiment of the present invention, The surface gradient of the film-shaped part is located on the boundary between the pixel part and the non-pixel part where the liquid crystal region is stored. &Quot; " · ~ 1 ----- ^ 9- [Called the Eighth Secret (210 > < 297)-. 1 i ^ I n II ^ I (please read the note on the back first and then write this page) 4 6 47 7 9 A7 Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 printed by the Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives V. Invention Description (7) Continuously changing. In another embodiment of the present invention, the film having the concave portion is formed of a thermoplastic insulating material or a thermosetting insulating material. In another embodiment of the present invention, the thin film having the concave portion is formed from a photosensitive insulating material. In another embodiment of the present invention, the transparent electrode is formed on a substrate provided with a thin film having a concave portion. In another embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes a color filter, which includes a color layer, a light shielding layer, and a covering layer covering the color layer and the light shielding layer, wherein the concave portion is formed in the color filter. In another embodiment of the present invention, a concave portion 'corresponding to a pixel portion is provided and a portion of the color filter corresponding to a non-pixel portion is flat. In another embodiment of the present invention, a transparent electrode is formed on the coating. In another embodiment of the present invention, the coating layer is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a photocurable resin. In another embodiment of the present invention, the 'color layer is formed by photolithography using a color resist and has a recess with an opening diameter of 10 microns or less. The light-shielding layer is higher than the color layer, and the cover layer is Formed from inorganic or organic substances. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. The method includes the steps of forming a film for forming a concave portion on at least one piece of a pair of substrates; and pressing the film with a mold having a predetermined concave and convex surface to form a predetermined position on the film. The concave portion of the shape. In a specific example of the present invention, the concave and convex surfaces of the mold have (please read the precautions on the back before writing this page)-* ♦! Ί- ί 一-464779 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( 8) — The shape of the circular vertebrae is oval. Alternatively, the method of the present invention includes the steps of: stacking multiple layers on at least one pair of substrates to see a film having a circular or oval shape from the substrate normal, so that the film closer to the substrate has a larger area and is formed in the periphery A stepped convex portion; and forming a film covering the convex portion to form a concave portion having a smooth surface with a bottom between adjacent convex portions. Alternatively, the method of the present invention includes the steps of: forming a film made of a photosensitive material on at least one of a pair of substrates; exposing the film through a graduated mask having a different light transmittance scale to form a pattern, and in the film A concave portion is formed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes the steps of: injecting a mixture of liquid crystal and photopolymerizable compound between the pair of substrates; and irradiating the mixture with ultraviolet rays to cure the photopolymerizable compound. Printed by the Shell Standard Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the notes on the back before writing this page) Alternatively, the method of the present invention includes the following steps: forming a color layer and a light-shielding layer on a predetermined position on the substrate, and then forming A covering layer covering the color layer and the light-shielding layer to form a color filter; and pressing the covering layer with a mold having a predetermined concave and convex surface to form a pre-shaped concave portion in a predetermined position of the covering layer . In one embodiment of the present invention, the coating layer is formed by applying a coating agent and then removing the solvent contained in the coating agent. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mold has a convex portion or bulge corresponding to the position of the pixel. In another embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the mold has a flat surface. -11 · This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 parity < 210X297 mm) 7 7 9 4 6 4 7 7 9 A7 ___________ B7 V. Description of the invention (9) " ~~~~ ~ or The method of the present invention includes the following steps. Bu Ai · Using a color resist to form a color layer of a color filter by photosensitive lithography, wherein the light is irradiated through a photomask to make the image corresponding to the color resist M The core part is not solidified, but a depression is formed, so that the color layer is formed in a predetermined concave portion. According to the present invention, the diameter of the notch is 1 μm or less. Therefore, the present invention can obtain the following advantages (1) providing a liquid crystal display device, in which the position of the molecular axis of the liquid B axis can be accurately controlled (that is, has excellent viewing angle characteristics and is not rough) and ⑺ provides a kind of manufacturing Simple and inexpensive method of the liquid crystal display device. Those skilled in the art can understand these and other advantages of the present invention after reading and understanding the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1A to 1D are explanatory diagrams illustrating different specific examples of concave portions on the substrate of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (谙 read the precautions on the back before (This page is written on this page). Figure 2A is a plan view of a substrate in a manufacturing method showing a preferred embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line BB in Figure 2A; A plan view of a mold in a manufacturing method of a preferred embodiment of a liquid crystal display device; FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the mold taken along the line BB of FIG. 3A; FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the inverse circle formed on the substrate using the mold of FIGS. 3A and 3B Plan view of the concave part of the cone;

本紙張尺度通用中賴家鮮（CNS )域格（训X A7 Γ，4 6 4 7 7 9 ___Β7 五、發明説明（10 ) 圖4B爲沿囷4A之B-B線所得之凹形部分剖面圖； 圖5爲本發明液晶顯示裝置較佳具體實例中，以偏光顯 微鏡觀察液晶元件之之結果的説明圖； 圖6 A至6F顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置之較佳具體實例中 液晶元件電光特性之圖及説明圖； 圖7A至7F顯示TN模式液晶顯示裝置之電光特性之圖 及説明圖； 圖8A爲本發明液晶顯示裝置另一個具體實例之液晶元 件的剖面圖； 圖8B爲本發明液晶顯示裝置另一個具體實例中液晶元 件之剖面圖； 圖9A爲用以製造本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一個具體實 例之頂層基板之模具的平面圖； 圖9B爲用以製造本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一個具體實 例之底層基板模具的平面圖； 圖10A至10C爲用以製造本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一個 具體實例之陰型圖型光掩模之平面圖； 圖11爲根據圖10A、10B及l〇C之光掩模使用之陰型 圖型光掩模之平面圖； 圖12A爲顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一具體實例之平 面圖； 圖12B爲沿圖12A之B-B線所得之基板剖面圖； 圖13爲顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置另一具體實例中液晶 元件之剖面圖； ____^13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公竣） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再瑣寫本頁) -5 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 6 47 7 9 A7 ------—___B7 五、發明説明（n) 圖14爲顯示用以製造本發明液晶顯示裝置另/具體實 例之陰型圖型光掩模之平面圖； 圖15爲顯示陰型圖型光掩模之平面圖，其具|透光度 分階變化之部分，其用以製造本發明液晶顯示装襄之另一 具體實例； 圖ΙόΑ爲顯示於本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一真體實例 中’於基板上之像元的平面圖； 圖16B爲沿圖16A中B-B線所得之像元剖面圖； 圖16C爲沿圖16A中C-C線所得之像元剖面圖； 圖17爲顯示陰型圖型光掩模之平面圖，其具有透光度 分階變化之部分，用以製造本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一具 體實例； 圖18爲本發明液晶顯示裝置之另一具體實例中，液晶 元件之偏光顯微鏡觀察結果的説明圖； 圖19A及19B爲顯示用以製造本發明液晶顯示裝置所用 之濾色器之例示方法之剖面圖； 圖20A爲顯示於壓力下藉模具壓製以於圖19A及19B之 濾色器中形成凹形部分之方法的剖面圖； 圖20B爲顯示於脱模下於圖19A及19B之遽色器中形成 凹形部分之方法的剖面圖； 圖21爲顯示藉圖20 A及20B所示之方法得到之滤色器 之剖面圓； 圖22爲顯示對照例2所製之漉色器之表面形狀之圖； 圖23爲顯示本發明液晶顯示装置所用之另一種濾色器 _____- 14-_____ 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家標準（CMS > A4規格（2丨OX297公釐〉 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再域寫本頁) ,-ιτ A7 464779 B7 _丨丨丨丨 _ — — .. 五、發明说明（12 ) 之剖面圖； 圖24爲顯示習用濾色器之剖面圖，其中黑色基質（BM) 部分凹陷； 圖25爲本發明液晶顯示裝置之另—個具體實例中之液 晶元件的偏光顯微鏡觀察結果； 圖26爲説明位於本發明液晶顯示裝置之基板上之凹形 部分有效地控制定向抽位置之説明圖； 圖27A至27D爲顯tf本發明液晶顯示裝置中使用之滤色 器中形成凹形部分之方法的説明圖； 圖28爲顯示習用光掩模之説明圖，對應於圖27a至 27D所示之方法中所用之光掩模； 圖29A及29B爲顯示可用於本發明之例示凹形部分形成 法之剖面圖； 圖30A及30B爲顯示可用於本發明之另一種例示凹形部 分形成法之剖面圖； 圖31爲顯示使用圖29A及29B所示之基板所製造之液 晶元件的剖面圖； 圖32A至32F爲説明寬幅視角模式之視角特性之改良的 説明圖； 圖33A爲顯示當該軸未移位時，液晶顯示裝置中液晶元 件之偏光顯微鏡觀察結果之説明圖；且 圖33B爲於某些軸移位之情況下，使用偏光顯微鏡觀察 液晶顯示裝置中之液晶元件的結果。 較佳具體實例描述 ______________^一 本紙張尺度通用中國圉家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2i〇x297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項存填寫本頁) 訂- 經濟部中夬標準局貝工消費合作社印装 464779 A7 B7 五、發明説明（13 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印裂 下文將更詳細地描述本發明具體實例。 凹形部分 於本發明中有凹形部分之基板"包括具有凹形部分 之基板、提供有具有凹形部分之薄膜之基板及提供有具 有凹形部刀之濾色器（基板。"具有凹形部分之濾色器『包 括於彩色層中具有凹形部分之遽色器、及另外具有覆層而 覆層中具有凹形部分之遽色器。此外，"凹形部分"意指自 基板法線方向觀看時，於凹形部分中心附近具有底部之凹 形’先決條件爲未特別提供任何其他定義。 根據本發明，可使用具有凹形部分之基板得到以下優 點。若液晶分子於凹形部分之底部附近定向成與基板平面 平行，則液晶分子沿凹形部分形成而與軸對稱地定向，底 部或其附近則爲軸對稱定向之中心軸。結果，因爲不需要 複雜方法（例如，於根據特定规則地改變溫度及施加電壓 之情況下照光），故可輕易得到液晶分子之軸對稱取向。 此外，因爲該凹形之底部或其附近係爲軸對稱取向之中心 軸，故可藉著針對每個像元於預定位置形成凹形部分之預 定形狀’而輕易於整體螢幕中得到均句轴對稱取向。因 此，使用具有凹形部分之基板，以於低製造成本下得到具 有均勻而不粗輪之優越顯示品質的液晶類示裝置。 凹形部分之剖面形狀 於基板上所形成之凹形部分係爲自基板法線方向觀測 時，於凹形部分中心附近具有底部之凹形部分。詳言之， 該凹形部分實質上具有相對於底部之旋轉對稱形式。凹形 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再^寫本頁) -! 1 »1 - 11 ·Lai Jiaxian (CNS) field grid (training X A7 Γ, 4 6 4 7 7 9 ___ Β7) common to this paper scale V. Description of the invention (10) Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view of the concave part taken along line BB of 囷 4A; FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a result of observing a liquid crystal element with a polarizing microscope in a preferred embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIGS. 6A to 6F are graphs showing electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal element in a preferred embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention And explanatory diagrams; FIGS. 7A to 7F are diagrams and explanatory diagrams showing electro-optical characteristics of a TN mode liquid crystal display device; FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal element of another specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 8B is a liquid crystal display device of the present invention A cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal element in another specific example; FIG. 9A is a plan view of a mold for manufacturing a top substrate of another specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 9B is another specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. A plan view of an underlying substrate mold of the example; FIGS. 10A to 10C are plan views of a negative-type pattern photomask used to manufacture another specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; 11 is a plan view of a negative-type pattern photomask used according to the photomasks of FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C; FIG. 12A is a plan view showing another specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; Sectional view of the substrate obtained from line BB of 12A; FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal element in another specific example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; ____ ^ 13- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297) (End) (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) -5 Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6 47 7 9 A7 ------ —___ B7 V. Description of the invention (n) FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a negative pattern photomask used to manufacture another / specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a negative pattern photomask, The part with stepped changes in light transmittance, which is used to manufacture another specific example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 1a is shown in another real example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention 'on the substrate Plan view of the pixel; Figure 1 6B is a cross-sectional view of a pixel obtained along the line BB in FIG. 16A; FIG. 16C is a cross-sectional view of a pixel obtained along the line CC in FIG. 16A; and FIG. 17 is a plan view showing a negative-type photomask having transparency The stepwise change part is used to manufacture another specific example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of the observation result of a polarizing microscope of a liquid crystal element in another specific example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIGS. 19A and 19B A cross-sectional view showing an exemplary method for manufacturing a color filter used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 20A is a view showing a method of forming a concave portion in the color filter of FIGS. 19A and 19B by pressing with a mold under pressure; 20B is a cross-sectional view showing a method for forming a concave portion in the color filter of FIGS. 19A and 19B under demolding; FIG. 21 is a view showing a color filter obtained by the method shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B Sectional circle; Figure 22 is a diagram showing the surface shape of the color filter made in Comparative Example 2; Figure 23 is another color filter used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention _____- 14 -_____ This paper is suitable for China National Standard (CMS > A4 Specifications (2 丨 OX297mm> (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page), -ιτ A7 464779 B7 _ 丨 丨 丨 丨 _ — — .. V. Sectional view of the description of the invention (12); Figure 24 is a sectional view showing a conventional color filter, in which a black matrix (BM) is partially recessed; FIG. 25 is a polarizing microscope observation result of a liquid crystal element in another specific example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 27A to 27D are explanatory diagrams showing a method for forming a concave portion in a color filter used in a liquid crystal display device of the present invention; FIG. 28 is an explanatory view showing a conventional photomask, corresponding to the photomask used in the method shown in FIGS. 27a to 27D; FIGS. 29A and 29B are cross-sectional views showing an exemplary concave portion forming method that can be used in the present invention; 30A and 30B are cross-sectional views showing another exemplary concave portion forming method that can be used in the present invention; FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal element manufactured using the substrate shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B; FIGS. 32A to 32F are Description width An explanatory diagram of improvement of viewing angle characteristics in a viewing angle mode; FIG. 33A is an explanatory diagram showing a polarizing microscope observation result of a liquid crystal element in a liquid crystal display device when the axis is not shifted; and FIG. 33B is a graph shifted in some axes In this case, the result of observing a liquid crystal element in a liquid crystal display device using a polarizing microscope. A description of a better specific example ______________ ^ A paper standard common Chinese Standard (CNS) A4 size (2i0x297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back first and fill in this page) Order-China Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative 464779 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (13 Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative of Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, the following will describe the specific example of the present invention in more detail. Concave part is a substrate with a concave part in the present invention " Including a substrate having a concave portion, a substrate provided with a thin film having a concave portion, and a color filter (substrate having a concave portion knife). " A color filter having a concave portion is included in the color layer A chroma device having a concave portion in the middle, and a chroma device having a cover layer having a concave portion in the cover layer. In addition, " concave portion " means a concave shape when viewed from the direction normal to the substrate. The prerequisite of a concave shape with a bottom near the center of the part is that no other definition is provided in particular. According to the present invention, the following advantages can be obtained by using a substrate with a concave portion. Orientation near the bottom of the shaped part is parallel to the plane of the substrate, the liquid crystal molecules are formed along the concave part to be oriented symmetrically with respect to the axis, and the bottom or near is the central axis of the axisymmetric orientation. As a result, no complicated method is required (for example, The light is irradiated under the condition that the temperature is changed and the voltage is applied according to specific rules), so the axisymmetric orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be easily obtained. In addition, since the bottom of the concave shape or the vicinity thereof is the central axis of the axisymmetric orientation, the For each pixel to form a predetermined shape of a concave portion at a predetermined position, it is easy to obtain a uniform axisymmetric orientation in the entire screen. Therefore, a substrate having a concave portion is used to obtain a uniform and uniform material at a low manufacturing cost. Liquid crystal display device with excellent display quality without rough wheels. The cross-sectional shape of the concave portion formed on the substrate is a concave portion with a bottom near the center of the concave portion when viewed from the direction normal to the substrate. In detail, the concave portion has a rotationally symmetrical form with respect to the bottom. The concave shape (please read the note on the back first) Matters again ^ write this page)-! 1 »1-11 ·

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1 - -- I I 本紙張A度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（2】0χ297公釐） 46 47 7 9 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（14 ) 部分之剖面形狀可由在平分底部之垂直面中界定該凹形部 分之輪廓的曲線之二次導數符號所定義^在本發明基板上 所形成之凹形部分之剖面形狀可爲例如下述形狀之_或其 组合。 1. 若符號爲正，則凹形部分具有其中該凹形部分於平分 底部之垂直面中之剖面形狀爲下凸曲線（即u型）之結構； 如圖1A所示。 2. 若符號爲0 ，則該凹形部分具有其中該凹形部分於平 分该底部之垂直平面中之刻面形狀爲直線（即V型）之結 構，如圖1Β所示。 3 -若符號爲負’則該凹形部分具有其中該凹形部分於平 分該底部之垂直面中之剖面形狀爲上凸曲線之結構，如圖 1C所示。 4.右該符號同時包括正號及負號，則該凹形部分具有其 中該凹形部分於平分該底部之垂直面中之剖面形狀爲包括 下凸部分及上凸部分之曲線的結構，如圖1D所示。 凹形部分之數目及該底部之形狀 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再壎寫本頁) 可於該基板上針對各像元形成一個凹形部分、或兩個或 多個凹形部分。此外，可於該基板上針對兩個或多個像元 形成一個凹形部分。 該凹形部分之底部較佳具有5微米或較小之直徑，假設 其爲圓形’而期望其爲一點。若以圓爲基礎之直徑超過5 微米’則轴對稱定向之轴位置易偏離像元中心，而使勞幕 粗糙。 ____ _ -17· 本紙張^度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（：210Χ297公釐） 464779 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（15 ) 根據本發明，可於位於基板上之薄膜中形成凹形部分。 具有凹形部分之薄膜可由任何材料形成，先決條件爲其透 明而可於其中形成凹形部分。—般係使用感光抗蝕劑，因 爲该膜及凹形部分兩者皆可輕易形成。或者可於濾色器中 形成凹形部分，如下文所述。 呈_以形成凹形部分之方法 該凹形部分一般係藉著以下四種方法中之至少一種形 成。 第一種方法包括於基板上形成用以形成凹形部分之薄膜 並以具有預定凹形或凸形表面之模具（例如，具有圓椎形 或橢圓椎形之凸形部分的模具）壓製該膜，以於該膜之預 定位置上形成預定凹形部分之步驟。用以形成凹形部分之 膜可由熱固性絕緣材料、熱塑性絕緣材料或感光性絕緣材 料形成。用以形成凹面部分之膜係由任何已知方法形成。 該膜厚度以約1至約3微米較佳，而約2微米更佳。 以於加熱下進行壓製較佳。加熱溫度可視欲形成凹形部 分之膜所用之材料而定’但約180 °C至220 °C較佳，而約 200 °C更佳。 第一種方法包括將自基板法線方向觀看時爲圓形或橢圓 形之多層膜堆疊於基板上，使較接近基板之膜具有較大面 積’而形成於周線中具有階梯之凹形部分，形成覆蓋該凹 形邵分之膜’以形成具有光滑表面而於相鄰凸形部分間具 有底部之凹形部分（則如反圓椎形或反橢圓椎形）之步驟。 第二種方法包括於基板上形成由感光性材料所製之薄 ____-18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2l〇X297公着)~~* t請先閱讀背面之注意事項再域寫本頁) 訂 4 6 4 7 7 9 A7 ____ B7 五、發明説明（16 ) — 膜，經由具有不同透光度標度之刻度掩模使該膜曝光，使 該膜形成圖型，而於膜中形成凹形部分（例如反圓椎形或 反橢圓椎形）之步驟。 第四種方法包括使用彩色抗蝕劑藉感光石印術形成濾色 器之彩色層的步驟。於該步驟中，彩色層透過光掩模照 光，使對應於像元中心部分之部分的彩色抗蝕劑不固化， 而形成具有v型剖面之凹陷，用以在彩色層像元中心部分 中形成預定凹形部分。此情況下，於較彩色層高之位置形 成園繞彩色層之遮光層（例如黑色基質（以下稱爲BM)) 時’於彼上層形成覆層，藉覆層形成於對應於凹陷之部分 中具有底部之凹形部分。凹陷開口直徑大小以1〇微米或 較小爲佳，該凹陷可貫穿該彩色層，而使光貫穿該彩色 層。結果，破壞色彩純度。 經濟部中央樣準扃員工消費合作社印策 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 此種方式所形成之凹形部分具有光滑表面。因此，可形 成一凹形部分，其垂直面輪廓爲曲線，其中該梯度於介於 像元部分與非像元部分間之邊界上連續地改變。結果，因 爲介於像元部分與非像元部分間之邊界上之液晶分子沒有 取向缺陷，故可預防於施加電壓下因轉化線所致之對比破 壞。 驅動方法 本發明液晶顯示裝置之驅動方法並未特別限制。液晶顯 示裝置可例如藉著單純矩陣驅動法及諸如a-Si TFT 、p-Si TFT及MIM之有源矩陣驅動法驅動。適當方法可根據液 晶顯示裝置所需之特性而選自此等驅動方法。 -19 - ____ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格< 210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標率局負工消費合作社印裝 464773 kl _______B7____ 五、發明説明（17 ) 基板材料 至於本發明液晶顯示裝置所用之基板，以使用使可見光 透射之透明基板較佳。透明基板實例包括玻璃基板、石英 基板、由聚合物膜製得之塑料基板等。 形成塑料基板時，可使用例如聚（對苯二甲酸乙二醇 酷）（PET)、丙烯酸聚合物 '苯乙烯或聚碳酸酯等。若使用 該塑料基板，則可直接於基板上形成凹形部分。此外，若 爲塑料基板，藉著提供偏光性於該基板，該基板可作爲偏 光板，而製得不需其他偏光板之液晶顯示裝置。 可同時使用兩種不同類型之此等基板，以形成液晶顯示 裝置之一對基板。此外，可同時使用兩片或多片具有不同 厚度之不同或相同基板，以形成堆疊基板。 液晶及可聚合材料 包含於本發明液晶顯示裝置之顯示媒體中之液晶不特別 限制，可爲任何已知之有機混合物，先決條件係其於室溫 附近具有液晶行爲。液晶種類實例包括向列液晶、膽固醇 液晶 '近晶狀液晶、強謗電性液晶、迪斯可（disc〇tic)液晶 等。液晶材料可視需要含有對掌性作用劑。此等類型之液 晶可單獨或結合使用。 本發明液晶顯示裝置之顯示媒體可視需要含有聚合物 區。至於用以形成聚合物區之可聚合材料，可使用任何已 知之光可固化樹脂及/或熱固性樹脂。此外，該可聚合材 料可單獨或組合使用。該可聚合材料可視需要含有聚合起 始劑。若使用可聚合材料，則該可聚合材料可與液晶材料 — --—— _____ ~ 20 ~ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（0奶）人4規格（210乂297公釐) -------- (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁)1--II A degree of this paper is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specification (2) 0 × 297 mm 46 47 7 9 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (14) The cross-sectional shape of the part can be divided by the vertical plane at the bottom The second derivative symbol of the curve defining the contour of the concave portion is defined in the section ^ The cross-sectional shape of the concave portion formed on the substrate of the present invention may be, for example, one or a combination of the following shapes. 1. If the symbol is positive, the concave portion has a structure in which the cross-sectional shape of the concave portion in a vertical plane that bisects the bottom is a convex curve (that is, a u-shape); as shown in FIG. 1A. 2. If the symbol is 0, the concave portion has a structure in which the facet shape of the concave portion in a vertical plane that bisects the bottom portion is a straight line (ie, V-shaped), as shown in FIG. 1B. 3-If the sign is negative ', the concave portion has a structure in which the cross-sectional shape of the concave portion in a vertical plane bisecting the bottom portion is a convex curve, as shown in FIG. 1C. 4. The symbol on the right includes both positive and negative signs, the concave portion has a structure in which the cross-sectional shape of the concave portion in a vertical plane that bisects the bottom portion is a curve including a convex portion and a convex portion, such as Figure 1D. The number of concave portions and the shape of the bottom. Printed by the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shelley Consumer Cooperatives (please read the precautions on the back before writing this page). A concave portion can be formed for each pixel on the substrate. Or two or more concave sections. In addition, a concave portion may be formed on the substrate for two or more picture elements. The bottom of the concave portion preferably has a diameter of 5 m or less, assuming that it is circular ', it is expected to be a little. If the circle-based diameter exceeds 5 micrometers', the axis position of the axisymmetric orientation is likely to deviate from the center of the pixel, making the curtain rough. ____ _ -17 · This paper is compliant with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) 464779 Printed by the Bayer Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (15) According to the present invention, A concave portion is formed in a thin film on the substrate. The film having the concave portion may be formed of any material, provided that it is transparent so that the concave portion can be formed therein. -Generally, a photoresist is used because both the film and the concave portion can be easily formed. Alternatively, a concave portion may be formed in the color filter, as described below. Method for Forming a Concave Part This concave part is generally formed by at least one of the following four methods. The first method includes forming a film for forming a concave portion on a substrate and pressing the film with a mold having a predetermined concave or convex surface (for example, a mold having a convex portion having a circular or elliptical cone shape). A step of forming a predetermined concave portion at a predetermined position of the film. The film for forming the concave portion may be formed of a thermosetting insulating material, a thermoplastic insulating material, or a photosensitive insulating material. The film used to form the concave portion is formed by any known method. The film thickness is preferably about 1 to about 3 microns, and more preferably about 2 microns. It is preferable to perform pressing under heating. The heating temperature may depend on the material to be used to form the film of the concave portion ', but about 180 ° C to 220 ° C is preferable, and about 200 ° C is more preferable. The first method includes stacking a multilayer film that is circular or oval when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate on the substrate so that the film closer to the substrate has a larger area and is formed in a concave portion having a step in the periphery. The step of forming a film covering the concave shape to form a concave portion having a smooth surface and a bottom portion between adjacent convex portions (such as an anti-circular cone or an anti-ellipsoid cone). The second method includes forming a thin film made of photosensitive material on the substrate. ____- 18- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2l0X297) ~~ * Please read the back Note on this page, write this page) Order 4 6 4 7 7 9 A7 ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (16) — film, the film is exposed through a scale mask with a different transmittance scale, and the film is formed into a picture Step of forming a concave portion (such as an inverse cone or inverse ellipse) in the membrane. The fourth method includes the step of forming a color layer of a color filter by photosensitive lithography using a color resist. In this step, the color layer is irradiated with light through the photomask, so that the color resist corresponding to the central portion of the pixel is not cured, and a depression having a v-shaped cross-section is formed to form in the central portion of the pixel of the color layer. A predetermined concave portion. In this case, when a light-shielding layer (such as a black matrix (hereinafter referred to as BM)) surrounding the color layer is formed at a position higher than the color layer, a cover layer is formed on the upper layer, and the cover layer is formed in the portion corresponding to the depression. Has a concave portion at the bottom. The diameter of the recess opening is preferably 10 micrometers or less. The recess can penetrate the color layer and let light penetrate the color layer. As a result, color purity is impaired. The central sample of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the printed policy of employee consumer cooperatives (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). The concave portion formed in this way has a smooth surface. Therefore, a concave portion can be formed, whose vertical profile is a curve, and the gradient continuously changes on the boundary between the pixel portion and the non-pixel portion. As a result, since the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary between the pixel portion and the non-pixel portion have no alignment defects, it is possible to prevent the contrast from being broken due to the conversion line under the applied voltage. Driving method The driving method of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited. The liquid crystal display device can be driven, for example, by a simple matrix driving method and an active matrix driving method such as a-Si TFT, p-Si TFT, and MIM. A suitable method may be selected from these driving methods according to the characteristics required for the liquid crystal display device. -19-____ This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications < 210X297 mm) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives, printed 464773 kl _______B7____ 5. Description of the invention (17) The substrate material is for the liquid crystal of the present invention As a substrate used for a display device, a transparent substrate that transmits visible light is preferably used. Examples of the transparent substrate include a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a plastic substrate made of a polymer film, and the like. When forming a plastic substrate, for example, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), an acrylic polymer such as styrene or polycarbonate can be used. By using this plastic substrate, a concave portion can be formed directly on the substrate. In addition, if it is a plastic substrate, by providing polarizing property to the substrate, the substrate can be used as a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device that does not require other polarizing plates is manufactured. Two different types of these substrates can be used simultaneously to form one pair of substrates of a liquid crystal display device. In addition, two or more different or identical substrates having different thicknesses may be used simultaneously to form a stacked substrate. Liquid crystal and polymerizable material The liquid crystal contained in the display medium of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any known organic mixture. The prerequisite is that it has liquid crystal behavior near room temperature. Examples of the types of liquid crystals include nematic liquid crystals, cholesteric liquid crystals, smectic liquid crystals, strong liquid crystals, discotic liquid crystals, and the like. The liquid crystal material may contain a palmitizing agent if necessary. These types of liquid crystals can be used alone or in combination. The display medium of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention may contain a polymer region as required. As for the polymerizable material used to form the polymer region, any known photocurable resin and / or thermosetting resin can be used. In addition, the polymerizable materials may be used alone or in combination. The polymerizable material may optionally contain a polymerization initiator. If a polymerizable material is used, the polymerizable material can be used with liquid crystal materials — --—— _____ ~ 20 ~ This paper size applies to Chinese national standard (0 milk) and 4 specifications (210 乂 297 mm) ----- --- (Please read the note on the back before filling this page)

、1T 464779 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（18 ) 於適於使用之比例下結合使用。 遽色器 本發明液晶顯示裝置可選擇性地包括;慮色器，而滤色器 中可形成凹形部分。該濾色器包括彩色層及遮光層，及選 擇性覆層。濾色器以於基板上形成較佳。 彩色層係由紅（R)、綠（G)及藍（B)色之彩色墨料或對應 於R、 G及B等之彩色抗蝕劑所形成。形成彩色層所用 之方法不特別限制。例如，可使用電解沈積法、薄膜黏著 法、印刷法、彩色抗蝕劑法。 至於遮光層（所謂黑色基質（BM))，可使用金屬材料諸如 Mo、Al、Ta及有機材料諸如黑色抗蝕劑。用以形成BM 之方法未特別限制。例如，可使用電解沈積法、薄膜黏著 法、印刷法、彩色抗蝕劑法。 若欲於濾色器中形成凹形部分，於大部分具體實例中， 皆於覆層中形成。然而，可於彩色層中選擇性地形成凹形 部分。或者，可於彩色層中形成用以形成凹形部分之凹 陷。 覆層 欲用以形成凹形部分之覆層係使用光可固化樹脂形成 (例如，經具有三或多個碳原子之烷基或苯基所取代之（甲 基）丙烯酸或（甲基）丙烯酸酯（例如丙烯酸異丁酯、甲基丙 烯酸正丁酯）、熱固性樹脂（例如環氧丙烯酸酯）、或熱塑 性樹脂（例如聚醯亞胺、聚苯醚）。以使用具有優越耐熱性 之聚醯亞胺、環氧丙烯酸酯等物較佳。此因於本發明中， _ _ -21- _____ 本紙張尺度通用中國国家標準（CNS ) A4現格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 7 4 6 47 7 9 A7 _______B7 五、發明説明（19 ) ' 覆層存於液晶元件中，直至完成液晶顯示裝置，而另外於 覆層上形成透明電極。或者，覆層可使用無機材料（例如 矽氧烷化合物）形成。 t色器之製法 於基板之預定位置内以預定方法形成彩色層及。形 成彩色層及BM之順序不重要。根據適於濾色器所需特性 之製法，可先形成彩色層或BM。 其次’於形成彩色層及BM之基板上施加覆層劑（例 如’含有預定濃度之覆層材料的溶液若需要，則藉任 何已知方式移除所含溶劑。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印裂 ---------1K------訂 f請先聞讀背面之注意事項再摘本頁) 其次’將具有預定形狀之凸形部分的模具壓於由覆層劑 製造之薄膜上。若覆層劑爲光可固化樹脂，則覆層劑於保 持模具所形成之形狀以固定形狀之情況下照光，使樹脂固 化。若覆層劑爲熱固性樹脂，則覆層劑於保持模具所形成 之形狀下加熱使樹脂固化，以固定該形狀。若覆層劑爲熱 塑性樹脂，則覆層劑加熱至塑化溫度，於加壓下冷卻，保 持模具所形成之形狀下冷卻’以固定該形狀。如此可藉著 選擇適當模具而於良好再現性下輕易地形成具有所需之凹 形部分的濾色器。 例如，爲了形成軸對稱定向所需之碗狀凹形部分，將具 有反碗狀結構之模具壓於預定位置上。爲了形成圓椎凹形 部分，將具有圓椎形隆凸之模壓於預定位置上。因此可形 成個別所需之凹形部分。 可於具有濾色器之基板上選擇性地形成透明電極，另外 _ -22- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2]0'乂297公釐) - Α7 Β7 464779 五、發明説明（20 ) 於彼上層形成絕緣膜。 下文將藉實施例詳細描述本發明，但本發明不受限於此 等實制。 實施例1 描述使用具有預定凹形及凸形表面之模具壓製薄膜，以 於膜中預定位置内形成具有預定形狀之凹形部分的情況 (即’藉第一種方法形成凹形部分之情況）。 此實例之液晶顯示裝置如下文般製造。 於毫米厚之玻璃基板上形成厚500埃之ITO (氧化 銦與氧化錫之混合物）之透明電極。該基板用爲一對基 板。 於該對基板之一片上施加含有0.5重量％間隔劑（直徑 4.5微米）以保持元件間隙之感光抗蝕劑（ν·259ΡΑ, Nippon Steel Chemical Co.，Ltd,製造），基板使用光掩模形成圖型’ 如圖2A及2B所示。其次，於已形成圖型之基板上使感光 抗蝕劑（OMR83, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co·, Ltd.製造）形成厚度約 2.0微米之膜，之後將基板置入200 X：之爐中以軟化該 膜。其次，將圖3A及3B所示之模具壓於軟化膜上，以針 對每個像元形成反圓椎形凹形部分，如圖4A及4B所示。 之後，藉濺射形成ITO膜以得到主要基板。 於包括ITO以作爲透明電極之另一片基板上印上含有玻 璃纖維（直徑4.5微米）之密封劑（Struct-bond XN-21S)。此步 驟係於前述凹形部分形成步驟之前進行。 其次，使所製之兩片基板彼此黏著。 •23- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) A4規格（2〖0χ297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁〕 ,ιτ 經濟部4-央梯準局員工消費合作杜印製 46 47 7 3 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（21 ) 随後，將以下物質之均勻混合物注入黏著基板間，以製 得液晶元件：0,1 克 R-684 (Nippon Kayaku Co.，Ltd.製造）： 〇.1克對苯基苯乙烯；10.06克式（I)之化合物；3.74克液 晶材料 ZLI-4792 (Merck & Co‘，Inc.製造；含 0.4 重量 ％ 811);及0.02克光聚合起始劑（Irgacure 651 ，汽巴嘉基公 司製造）。1T 464779 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (18) Combined with the appropriate proportion. Color filter The liquid crystal display device of the present invention may optionally include a color filter, and a concave portion may be formed in the color filter. The color filter includes a color layer and a light-shielding layer, and a selective coating. A color filter is preferably formed on the substrate. The color layer is formed of color inks of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors or color resists corresponding to R, G, and B, and the like. The method for forming the colored layer is not particularly limited. For example, an electrolytic deposition method, a thin film adhesion method, a printing method, and a color resist method can be used. As for the light-shielding layer (so-called black matrix (BM)), metal materials such as Mo, Al, Ta, and organic materials such as black resist can be used. The method for forming the BM is not particularly limited. For example, an electrolytic deposition method, a thin film adhesion method, a printing method, and a color resist method can be used. If the concave portion is to be formed in the color filter, in most specific examples, it is formed in the coating layer. However, a concave portion may be selectively formed in the color layer. Alternatively, a depression for forming a concave portion may be formed in the colored layer. The coating to be used to form the concave portion is formed using a photocurable resin (for example, (meth) acrylic or (meth) acrylic acid substituted with an alkyl or phenyl group having three or more carbon atoms Esters (such as isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate), thermosetting resins (such as epoxy acrylate), or thermoplastic resins (such as polyimide, polyphenylene ether) to use polyfluorene with superior heat resistance Imine, epoxy acrylate, etc. are preferred. This is because in the present invention, _ _ -21- _____ This paper size is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (please read the note on the back first) Please fill in this page again for details) 7 4 6 47 7 9 A7 _______B7 V. Description of the invention (19) '' The coating is stored in the liquid crystal element until the liquid crystal display device is completed, and a transparent electrode is additionally formed on the coating. Or, the coating It can be formed by using inorganic materials (such as siloxane compounds). The method of manufacturing a color device forms a color layer and a predetermined method in a predetermined position on a substrate. The order of forming the color layer and BM is not important. According to the requirements of a suitable color filter The manufacturing method can first form a colored layer or BM. Secondly, a coating agent is applied to the substrate on which the colored layer and the BM are formed (for example, a solution containing a coating material of a predetermined concentration is removed by any known method if necessary Contained solvents. Consumption cooperation between employees of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Du Yinye --------- 1K ------ order f, please read the precautions on the back before picking this page) Secondly, will have The mold of the convex portion of the predetermined shape is pressed on the film made of the coating agent. If the coating agent is a photocurable resin, the coating agent is illuminated while keeping the shape formed by the mold to a fixed shape, so that the resin Curing. If the coating agent is a thermosetting resin, the coating agent is heated while maintaining the shape formed by the mold to cure the resin to fix the shape. If the coating agent is a thermoplastic resin, the coating agent is heated to the plasticizing temperature, Cool under pressure and keep the shape formed by the mold to cool 'to fix the shape. This makes it easy to form a color filter with the desired concave portion with good reproducibility by selecting an appropriate mold. For example, To form a shaft pair Orient the required bowl-shaped concave part, and press the mold with the inverse bowl-shaped structure to the predetermined position. In order to form the cone-shaped concave part, press the mold with the cone-shaped bulge on the predetermined position. Therefore, individual parts can be formed The required concave portion. Transparent electrodes can be selectively formed on the substrate with color filters, and _ -22- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2) 0 '乂 297 mm) -Α7 Β7 464779 V. Description of the invention (20) An insulating film is formed on the upper layer. The following describes the present invention in detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these implementations. Example 1 describes the use of a predetermined concave shape and A mold with a convex surface presses the film to form a concave portion having a predetermined shape in a predetermined position in the film (that is, a case where the concave portion is formed by the first method). The liquid crystal display device of this example is manufactured as follows. A transparent electrode of ITO (a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide) with a thickness of 500 angstroms was formed on a millimeter-thick glass substrate. This substrate is used as a pair of substrates. A photoresist (ν · 259PAC, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) containing a 0.5% by weight spacer (4.5 micrometers in diameter) to maintain a gap between the elements was applied to one of the pair of substrates, and the substrate was formed using a photomask. Patterns' are shown in Figures 2A and 2B. Next, a photoresist (OMR83, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was formed into a film having a thickness of about 2.0 μm on the patterned substrate, and then the substrate was placed in a 200 ×: furnace to soften the substrate. membrane. Next, the molds shown in Figs. 3A and 3B are pressed on the softening film to form an inverse-cone-shaped concave portion for each pixel, as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B. After that, an ITO film is formed by sputtering to obtain a main substrate. A sealant (Struct-bond XN-21S) containing glass fiber (4.5 micrometers in diameter) was printed on another substrate including ITO as a transparent electrode. This step is performed before the aforementioned concave portion forming step. Second, the two substrates produced are adhered to each other. • 23- This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (2 〖0 × 297mm） (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page] Printing 46 47 7 3 Α7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21) Subsequently, a homogeneous mixture of the following substances was injected between the adhesive substrates to obtain a liquid crystal element: 0,1 g of R-684 (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. (Manufactured): 0.1 g of p-phenylstyrene; 10.06 g of compound of formula (I); 3.74 g of liquid crystal material ZLI-4792 (manufactured by Merck & Co ', Inc .; containing 0.4% by weight of 811); and 0.02 g Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 651, manufactured by Ciba Geigy).

F FF F

CH2=CHC0CKCH%〇 W r,： 其次，液晶元件自混合物具有溶融狀態（均勻狀態）之溫 度冷卻鞏25 °C，以形成液晶區及聚合物區（聚合物鑰）。 液晶元外自混合物具有各向同性相之溫度（高於各向同性 溫度之溫度）緩緩冷卻，使其可進一步改善液晶分子之轴 對稱定向》尤其可校正因注射開。附近之流動所致之取向 缺陷》 其次，在元件溫度保持25 Ό下，於2.5毫瓦/厘米2照度 下以紫外線照射，以穩定該取向。 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印装 I I I I - I I I」^ - - - - 1H (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖5爲使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所製之液晶元件之狀態的説 明圖。針對每個像元50 (於單一功能區域狀態下）排列一 個液晶區’而液晶分子與軸對稱地定向。此外，因爲轴對 稱定心之中心係位於反圓椎形之中心，故整體螢幕上見不 到粗糙度、。換言之，於所有液晶區中皆達到令人滿意之軸 對稱定向。此由將兩片具有正交偏光軸之偏光板固定以夾 -24- 本紙張尺度逋用中囷國家標隼（CNS ) Α4規格（2丨0Χ297公釐} 464779 經濟部中央標率局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（22 ) 置該元件，使元件旋轉，觀察液晶區8中西利瑞（Schilieren) 圖型6位置是否固定，而僅有園繞液晶區8之聚合物牆7 旋轉之情況而説明。 其次，於所製元件之兩側面上黏著兩片偏光板，使偏光 板之偏光軸彼此正交，以製造液晶顯示裝置。 所製之液晶顯示裝置於施加電壓下使用偏光顯微鏡觀 察。結果，觀察顯示於施加電壓下未產生任何轉化線，而 得到良好之黑色顯示。 圖6A至6F顯示此實例所製之液晶元件之電光特性之圖 及説明圖。圖7A至7F顯示説明習用TN模式液晶元件之 電光特性之圖及説明圖。測定電光特性時，使用具有彼此 平行之偏光軸之兩片偏光板作爲空白組（透光度100% )。 如圖6A至6F及圖7A至7F之對照所示，於此實例之液晶 元件中’與TN模式液晶元件不同地，不產生逆轉現象， 於飽和電壓下於高視角下之透光度不增加。此外，灰度中 未發現粗糙度。 實施例2 描述一對同時具有凹形部分之基板。 以實施例1之方式製造具有反圓椎形凹形部分之兩片基 板。如圖8A所示，黏著兩片基板，以使各底部彼此相 對。 將如同實施例1所用之混合物注於黏著基板間，以製得 液时元件’隨後於50 C下於3.2 mM/cm2照度下以365毫 微米之紫外線照射20分鐘，使單體固化以形成液晶區及 __-__-25- 本纸張尺度適用f國國家標準（CNS > Α4^ (27〇^297^1--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央梯準局員工消費合作社印製 464779 A7 ___________B7 五、發明説明（23 ) 聚合物區（聚合物牆）。此外，以如同實施例j之方式製造 液晶顯示裝置。 於所得之液晶顯示裝置中，形成凹形部分，以使液晶區 中心之疋件間隙最大，而液晶區末端之元件間隙最小。結 果，液晶分子軸對稱定向軸係位於液晶區中心。 以偏光顯微鏡觀察液晶元件確定針對每個像元於像元中 心周圍形成軸對稱定向。此外，因爲所得之液晶顯示裝置 具有令人滿意之軸對稱定向，故視角大幅寬於習用液晶顯 示裝置。垂直向中之视角爲6〇。或較大，水平向視角爲 60°或較大，而對比爲1〇。 此實例中，如圖8A所示，期望兩片基板彼此相對，使 各凹形部分之底部於基板法線方向觀測時相符，但可接受 些微移位。換言之，即使凹形部分之一之底部相對於其他 凹形部分之底部稍移向基板表面方向，但可仍達到軸對稱 定向。 實施例3 描述一對同時具有凹形部分之基板之另一種情況。 此實例中，如囷8B所示，液晶顯示裝置包括一對基 板，其黏著成使一片基板之凹形部分之底部與另一片基板 之凹形部分之頂部相對。如下製造該液晶顯示裝置。 根據如同實施例1之方式製造包括反圓椎形凹形部分之 基板。另一方面，使用具有與實施例j所用者相反之凹形 及凸形之模具製造包括圓椎凸面之基板。 其次’如圖8B所示，兩片基板黏著成彼此相對。詳言 _____ -26- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) ( 2ΙΟχ297公釐） - -----------------訂------汍 I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 464779 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（24 之，該基板黏著成使-片基板之凹形部分之底部與另一片 基板之凸形部分之頂部相對。随後，以實施例2之方式製 造液晶兀件。此外’以實施例！之方式製造液晶顯示裝 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所得之液晶元件，確定針對每個像 元於像元中心周園形成一軸對稱定向。此外，電光特性爲 實施例1中圖6A至6F所示者。換言之，未發現圖7A至 7F中所示之顯示顯像逆轉現象，亦未發現於飽和電壓下 於寬幅視角取向内之透光度增加。 實施例4 描述使用每個凹形部分皆具有放射狀窄槽之基板及每個 凹形部分皆具有同心窄槽之基板的情況。 同法製造具有凹形部分之基板，不同處係以圖9八及9B 所示之模具取代實施例1所用之模具。圖9A所示之模具 爲用於上層基板之模具，而圖9B所示之模具爲用於下層 基板之模具。因此，此實例中，於上層及下層基板中形成 之有槽彼此正交。 其次，所製之基板彼此黏著，將液晶材料zli_4792 (Merck & Co_，Inc.製造；含有〇_4重量％之S-811 )注入所製 之基板間。後續方法與實施例1相同，不同處係不照射紫 外線。 於所製之液晶元件中，液晶分子係針對每個像元而轴對 稱地定向，與TN模式液晶元件不同地，不產生逆轉現象 及可見之粗較度。 -27- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公嫠） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) 訂 A7 B7 25 464779 五、發明説明（ 此實例中，使用每個凹形部分皆具有放射狀窄槽之基板 作爲上層基板，而每個凹形部分皆具有同心窄槽之基板作 爲下層基板。然而，上層及下層基板亦可爲其他類似方 式。此外，凹形部分中所形成之窄槽形狀未特別限制，先 決條件爲可實現液晶分子之私對稱定向。例如，可形成螺 旋凹槽及放射狀及同心狀凹槽。根據形成凹槽之形狀，液 晶分子可例如放射狀、同心或螺旋狀地定向於液晶區中。 此外’該對基板中僅有一片可使用針對每個凹形部分而具 有凹槽之基板。 實施例5 描述藉第二種方法形成凹形部分之情況。詳言之，將多 層自基板法線方向觀測時具有圓形或橢圓形之薄膜堆疊於 基板上’使較接近基板之膜具有較大面積，而形成周線中 具有階梯之凸形部分。之後’形成薄膜以覆蓋於凸形部 分。因此，於此實例中形成具有光滑表面而於相鄰像元間 具有底部之凹形部分（例如，反圓椎或反橢圓椎形凹形部 分）。 如下製造液晶顯示裝置。 製備上面有形成TFT (薄膜電晶體）之基板（以下稱爲 TFT基板）及上面形成濾色器之對基板。將含有〇 5重量0/〇 直徑〇‘4微米之間隔劑之感光抗蝕劑施加於對基板，該基 板使用光掩模形成圖型，如圖2A及2B所示。 其次’於已形成圖型之基板上形成由如同實施例1之抗 蚀劑材料所製之抗蚀劑薄膜。隨後，使用具有不同直往之 -------------- * 28 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS } A4規格（2IOX297公着） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -、=* Γ 經濟部中央標準扃貞工消费合作社印裝 464779 A7 B7 五、發明説明（26) 圓形遮光部分（斜線部分）之光掩模使抗蝕劑膜形成圖型， 如圖10A至10C所示。於此等光掩模中，先使用具有較小 遮·光部分之光掩模。隨後，使用圖η所示之光掩模形成 圖型’以得到具有在周線中具有階梯之凸形部分之基板， 如圖12Α及12Β所示。該凸形部分之頂部對應於非像元部 分’而其底部對應於像元部分之中心或其附近。此外，使 用光掩模形成圖型亦使間隔劑僅存於非像元部分中。 隨後’使用與凸形部分相同之抗蝕劑以於具有如圖12Β 所不之階梯凸形部分之基板上形成薄膜。藉著形成該膜， 使階梯凸形部分變平，而像元部分與非像元部分間之邊界 變平’以得到具有適當反圓椎凹形部分之基板。於像元部 分與非像元部分間之邊界上具有界定凹形部分之平滑曲線 較佳。此因邊界上液晶分子之定向角可隨著在介於像元部 分及非像元部分間之邊界上界定凹形部分之曲線之連續變 化連續改變。 其次’根據如同實施例1之方式使TFT基板與根據前述 方式形成凹形部分之基板黏著。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印繁 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 其次，將如同實施例1之混合物注入所黏著之基板之 間’以製得液晶元件’隨後於3.2 mM/cm2下使該元件照射 紫外線歷經40分鐘，使光可聚合化合物聚合而固定該定 向狀態。 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所製之液晶元件，顯示每個像元區 皆排列一液晶區（單一功能區域狀態），而液晶分子與轴對 稱地定向’如同實施例1。此外，根據如同實施例i之方 -29- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡牟（CNS ) A4規格（2f〇X297公釐） 經濟部中央搮準局員工消費合作社印繁 464779 A7 _________B7 五、發明説明（27 ) 式製造液晶顯示裝置時’整體螢幕上皆未見到粗糙處。此 外，未出現轉化線，而得到高對比。 實施例6 以如同實施例5之方式製造液晶元件，不同處係使用以 下物’之混合物 0‘05 克 r·684 (Nipp〇n Kayaku Co·, Ltd·製 造）；1·9 克液晶材料 ZLI-4792 (Merck & Co., Ltd.製造；含 有0·4重量％ S-811 );及0.0025克光聚合起始劑（Irgacure 651，汽巴嘉基公司製造）。換言之，使用含有5重量％或 較少可聚合物質之混合物製造液晶元件。 其次’根據實施例2之方式以紫外線照射該液晶元件。 於所製之液晶元件中，因爲該混合物含有少量可聚合物 質’故實質上未形成聚合物牆，而於基板表面上形成聚合 物膜，如圖13所示。此外，液晶分子係針對每個像元而 與軸對稱地定向。此外，整體螢幕上皆未見到粗糙處，施 加電壓下之對比令人滿意。 實施例7 下文將描述藉第三種方法形成凹形部分之情況。詳言 之’於基板上形成由感光性材料製造之薄膜，該膜透過具 有不同透光度之刻度掩模曝光，而形成圖型。因此於薄膜 中形成凹形部分（例如，反圓椎或橢圓凹形部分）β 此實例之液晶顯示裝置係如下製造。 用以保持元件間隙之間隔劑（直徑4.5微米）以約40個間 隔劑/毫米2之密度分散於具有ΙΤΟ之玻璃基板上。隨後施 加感光抗蚀劑（OMR83，Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.製造）。 -—------30-__—__ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CMS ) A4規格（2丨OX 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)CH2 = CHC0CKCH% 〇 W r ,: Secondly, the liquid crystal element is cooled from the mixture to a temperature of 25 ° C in a molten state (uniform state) to form a liquid crystal region and a polymer region (polymer key). The temperature at which the liquid crystal element has an isotropic phase (higher than the isotropic temperature) slowly cools down, so that it can further improve the axis-symmetrical orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. In particular, it can be corrected due to injection. Defects in orientation caused by nearby flow "Secondly, the orientation was stabilized by irradiating with ultraviolet rays at a temperature of 2.5 mW / cm2 at an element temperature of 25 ° F. Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs IIII-III "^----1H (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of the state of the liquid crystal element produced using a polarizing microscope . A liquid crystal region 'is arranged for each pixel 50 (in the state of a single functional region), and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned symmetrically to the axis. In addition, because the center of the axis's symmetrical centering is located at the center of the anti-circular cone, the roughness is not seen on the overall screen. In other words, a satisfactory axisymmetric orientation is achieved in all liquid crystal regions. This is to fix two pieces of polarizing plates with orthogonal polarizing axes to clamp -24- This paper size uses the national standard (CNS) Α4 size (2 丨 0 × 297 mm) 464779 Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer Cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (22) Place the element and rotate the element to observe whether the position of the Schilieren pattern 6 in the liquid crystal region 8 is fixed, but only the polymer wall surrounding the liquid crystal region 8 7 Description of the rotation. Second, two polarizing plates are adhered on both sides of the manufactured element, and the polarizing axes of the polarizing plates are orthogonal to each other to manufacture a liquid crystal display device. The manufactured liquid crystal display device is used under an applied voltage. Observation with a polarizing microscope. As a result, the observation shows that no conversion line is generated under the applied voltage, and a good black display is obtained. Figs. 6A to 6F show the electro-optical characteristics and explanatory diagrams of the liquid crystal element produced in this example. Figs. 7A to 7F Shows and explains the electro-optical characteristics of conventional TN mode liquid crystal elements. When measuring electro-optical characteristics, two polarizing plates with polarizing axes parallel to each other are used as a blank group (transmittance 100%) As shown in the comparison of FIGS. 6A to 6F and FIGS. 7A to 7F, in the liquid crystal element of this example, unlike the TN mode liquid crystal element, no reversal phenomenon occurs, and the transmittance at high viewing angles under saturated voltage does not increase. In addition, no roughness was found in the gray scale. Example 2 A pair of substrates having concave portions are described. Two substrates having an inversely tapered concave portion are manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. As shown in FIG. 8A The two substrates were adhered so that the bottoms face each other. The mixture as used in Example 1 was poured between the adhered substrates to obtain a liquid-time component, and then the components were made at 50 ° C at 3.2 mM / cm2 and 365 nanometers. The ultraviolet rays are irradiated for 20 minutes to cure the monomer to form a liquid crystal region and __-__- 25- This paper size is applicable to national standards (CNS > Α4 ^ (27〇 ^ 297 ^ 1 --- (Please first Read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 464779 A7 ___________B7 V. Description of the Invention (23) Polymer Zone (Polymer Wall). In addition, it is manufactured in the same way as in Example j Liquid crystal display device. In the display device, a concave portion is formed so that the gap between the elements in the center of the liquid crystal region is maximized and the element gap at the end of the liquid crystal region is minimized. As a result, the axis of the liquid crystal molecules is symmetrically oriented at the center of the liquid crystal region. For each pixel, an axisymmetric orientation is formed around the center of the pixel. In addition, because the obtained liquid crystal display device has a satisfactory axisymmetric orientation, the viewing angle is significantly wider than that of a conventional liquid crystal display device. The viewing angle in the vertical direction is 60. Or larger, the horizontal viewing angle is 60 ° or larger, and the contrast is 10. In this example, as shown in FIG. 8A, it is desirable that two substrates face each other so that the bottom of each concave portion is in the direction of the substrate normal. Observations are consistent, but slight shifts are acceptable. In other words, even if the bottom of one of the concave portions is slightly moved toward the substrate surface relative to the bottom of the other concave portions, an axisymmetric orientation can still be achieved. Embodiment 3 describes another case of a pair of substrates having concave portions at the same time. In this example, as shown in Fig. 8B, the liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates which are adhered so that the bottom of the concave portion of one substrate is opposed to the top of the concave portion of the other substrate. This liquid crystal display device was manufactured as follows. A substrate including an inversely tapered concave portion was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. On the other hand, a substrate including a convex surface of a cone was produced using a mold having a concave shape and a convex shape opposite to those used in Example j. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 8B, the two substrates are adhered to face each other. Details _____ -26- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) (2ΙΟχ297mm)------------------ Order ------ 汍 I ( Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) 464779 A7 B7 Printed by the Bayer Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (24, the substrate is glued so that the bottom of the concave portion of the substrate and the other The top of the convex portion of a substrate is opposed to each other. Subsequently, a liquid crystal element is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2. In addition, a liquid crystal display device is manufactured in the manner of the Example! The element forms an axisymmetric orientation around the center of the pixel. In addition, the electro-optical characteristics are as shown in FIGS. 6A to 6F in Example 1. In other words, the display reversal phenomenon shown in FIGS. 7A to 7F is not found, nor is it found. Transmittance increases in a wide viewing angle orientation at a saturation voltage. Example 4 Describes a case of using a substrate having a radial narrow groove in each concave portion and a substrate having concentric narrow grooves in each concave portion. Manufacture a substrate with a concave portion in the same way, without The mold shown in Figs. 9A and 9B is used instead of the mold used in Example 1. The mold shown in Fig. 9A is a mold for the upper substrate, and the mold shown in Fig. 9B is a mold for the lower substrate. Therefore In this example, the grooves formed in the upper and lower substrates are orthogonal to each other. Second, the substrates produced are adhered to each other, and the liquid crystal material zli_4792 (Merck & Co_, Inc. is manufactured; contains _4% by weight of S -811) is injected between the substrates. The subsequent method is the same as that in Example 1, except that the ultraviolet rays are not irradiated in different places. In the produced liquid crystal element, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented axially symmetrically for each pixel, and are in TN mode. Different liquid crystal elements do not produce reverse phenomenon and visible coarseness. -27- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 cm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order A7 B7 25 464779 V. Description of the Invention (In this example, a substrate with radial narrow grooves in each concave portion is used as the upper substrate, and a substrate with concentric narrow grooves in each concave portion is used as the lower substrate. However, the upper and lower substrates can be similar. In addition, the shape of the narrow grooves formed in the concave portion is not particularly limited. The prerequisite is that the private symmetrical orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be achieved. For example, spiral grooves and radiation can be formed. And concentric grooves. Depending on the shape of the grooves, liquid crystal molecules can be oriented in the liquid crystal region, for example, radially, concentrically, or spirally. In addition, 'only one of the pair of substrates can be used for each concave portion. A substrate having a groove. Example 5 describes a case where a concave portion is formed by the second method. In detail, a multilayer film having a circular or oval shape when stacked from the substrate normal direction is stacked on the substrate. The film close to the substrate has a large area, and a convex portion having a step in the periphery is formed. After that, a thin film is formed to cover the convex portion. Therefore, in this example, a concave portion having a smooth surface and a bottom portion between adjacent pixels (for example, an inverse cone or an inverse elliptical cone) is formed. A liquid crystal display device was manufactured as follows. A substrate on which a TFT (thin film transistor) is formed (hereinafter referred to as a TFT substrate) and a counter substrate on which a color filter is formed are prepared. A photoresist containing a spacer with a weight of 5/0 and a diameter of 0'4 microns was applied to a counter substrate, which was patterned using a photomask, as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. Next, a resist film made of the resist material as in Example 1 was formed on the patterned substrate. Subsequently, use a different direct -------------- * 28-This paper size applies to the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 size (2IOX297) (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page again)-, = * Γ Printed by the Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Masaharu Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. 464779 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (26) The photomask of the round light-shielding part (slanted part) forms the resist film 10A to 10C. In these photomasks, a photomask having a small light-shielding portion is used first. Then, a pattern 'is formed using the photomask shown in FIG. A substrate having a stepped convex portion in the perimeter is shown in Figs. 12A and 12B. The top of the convex portion corresponds to the non-pixel portion 'and the bottom thereof corresponds to the center of or near the pixel portion. In addition, Patterning using a photomask also keeps the spacer only in the non-pixel portion. Subsequently, the same resist as the convex portion is used to form a thin film on a substrate having a stepped convex portion as shown in FIG. 12B. By forming the film, the stepped convex portion becomes flat, and the pixel portion and The boundary between the pixel portions is flattened 'to obtain a substrate with a suitable anti-conical concave portion. It is better to have a smooth curve defining a concave portion on the boundary between the pixel portion and the non-pixel portion. This is because of the boundary The orientation angle of the liquid crystal molecules can be continuously changed with the continuous change of the curve defining the concave portion on the boundary between the pixel portion and the non-pixel portion. Secondly, according to the same manner as in Example 1, the TFT substrate and the aforementioned The substrate of the concave part is adhered in a way. Du Yinfan, employee cooperation of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Second, inject the mixture as in Example 1 between the adhered substrates. To obtain a liquid crystal element, the element was then irradiated with ultraviolet rays at 3.2 mM / cm2 for 40 minutes to polymerize a photopolymerizable compound to fix the orientation state. The prepared liquid crystal element was observed with a polarizing microscope, and each pixel region was displayed. All are arranged in a liquid crystal region (single function region state), and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned symmetrically with the axis' as in Embodiment 1. In addition, according to Example i of the formula -29- This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 (2f0 × 297 mm) The Central Consumers' Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, India 464779 A7 _________B7 V. Description of invention (27) In the case of a liquid crystal display device, 'the rough surface was not seen on the entire screen. In addition, no conversion line appeared and a high contrast was obtained. Example 6 A liquid crystal element was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that a mixture of the following was used. 0'05 grams r · 684 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.); 1.9 grams liquid crystal material ZLI-4792 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd .; containing 0.4% by weight of S-811) ; And 0.0025 g of a photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 651, manufactured by Ciba Geiger). In other words, a liquid crystal element is manufactured using a mixture containing 5% by weight or less of a polymerizable substance. Next, the liquid crystal element was irradiated with ultraviolet rays according to the manner of Example 2. In the produced liquid crystal element, since the mixture contains a small amount of polymerizable substance ', a polymer wall is not formed substantially, and a polymer film is formed on the substrate surface, as shown in FIG. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned symmetrically with respect to the axis for each pixel. In addition, no rough spots were seen on the entire screen, and the contrast under applied voltage was satisfactory. Embodiment 7 A case where a concave portion is formed by a third method will be described below. Specifically, a thin film made of a photosensitive material is formed on a substrate, and the film is exposed through a graduated mask having a different light transmittance to form a pattern. Therefore, a concave portion (for example, an inverse cone or an elliptical concave portion) is formed in the film β. The liquid crystal display device of this example is manufactured as follows. The spacer (4.5 micrometers in diameter) to maintain the gap between the elements was dispersed on a glass substrate having ITO at a density of about 40 spacers / mm2. Subsequently, a photoresist (OMR83, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied. -—------ 30 -__—__ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CMS) A4 specification (2 丨 OX 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

'1T A7 464779 _ . _ B7 五、發明説明（28 ) 之後，抗蝕劑於15 mM/cm2之照度下透過圖14所示之光掩 模照光’顯影而得到矩形像元圖型。 隨後’施加2微米厚之陰型感光抗蝕劑（V-259PA，Nippon'1T A7 464779 _. _ B7 5. After the description of the invention (28), the resist was developed through a photomask shown in FIG. 14 at an illumination of 15 mM / cm2 to obtain a rectangular pixel pattern. Then ‘apply 2 micron thick negative photoresist (V-259PA, Nippon

Steel Chemical Co.，Ltd.製造），透過如圖15所示之具有不 同透光度之刻度圖型之光掩模曝光以供顯影。因此，製得 具有如圖16A至16C所示之橢圓凹形部分之基板。於具有 刻度圖型之光掩模中’中心部分透光度爲1〇〇0/〇，而對應 於像元末端之部分之透光度爲〇0/〇β於中間部分中，透光 度逐階改變。該光掩模可藉著逐階蝕刻而製造。 其次’於具有凹形部分之基板上形成ίτ〇膜，以得到主 要基板。 其次’於製造前述基板之前或之後於所製之另一片基板 上施加對正膜。黏著包括該對正膜之基板及前文所得之基 板。 ， 之後’將如同實施例1所用者之混合物注入所黏著之基 板間，於3.0 mM/cm2照度下照射紫外線，使可聚合之材料 (即，單體）聚合。 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所製之液晶元件顯示液晶分子與軸 對稱地定向。此外，定向軸之位置固定於像元中心，而未 於任何像元中發現明顯移位。而且，未看見粗糙度。 #照例1 根據實施例1之方式製造液晶元件，不同處係基板上未 形成凹形部分。 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所製之液晶元件，顯示液晶分子並 —- --- - -31- 尽紙取尺度通用中國國家標率（CMS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ---------L-------訂------溲- (请先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印裝 4 6 4 7 7 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（29 ) 未與抽對稱地定向。此外’目測到顯示極爲粗縫。 實施例8 描述於一像元中提供兩個或多個（此例爲兩個）凹形部分 之情況。 此實例之液晶顯示裝置係如下製造。 根據與實施例7相同之方式將用以保持元件間隙之間隔 劑（直徑4.5微米）分散於具有ΓΓΟ之玻璃基板。之後，施 加感光抗蝕劑（OMR83, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co.，Ltd.製造）， 曝光並形成圖型。 隨之，將感光抗蚀劑（V-259PA，Nippon Steel Chemical Co.， Ltd.製造）施加於基板上，透過圖Π所示之刻度光掩模曝 光。因而製得於一像元中具有兩個反圓椎凹形部分（即， 於一像元中具有兩個轴對稱中心）之基板。 其次，黏著所得之基板及於製造前述基板之前或之後製 造之對基板。 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印裝 {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 之後，將同於實施例1之混合物注入所黏合之基板之 間，加熱並緩緩冷卻以得到具有均勻軸對稱取向之液晶元 件0 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所製之液晶元件，發現一像元内均 勻地形成兩個軸對稱取向，如圖18所示。 實施例9 於實施例9至12及對照例2及3中描述於濾色器上形 成凹形部分之情況。 如圖19A所示，使用彩色抗蝕劑於玻璃基板（厚1.1毫 ___ -32-_____— 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格< 210X297公釐） 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作社印裝 i6 4 7 7 9 A7 -—一___B7________ 五、發明説明（3〇 ) 米）上之預定像元上形成對應於R、G及B之彩色層。此 外’使用黑色抗蝕劑於非像元部分形成BM。 其次’如圖19B所示，於此基板上施加含有熱固性樹脂 (此實例爲環氧甲基丙埽酸酯）之覆層劑以形成覆層，於低 於熱固性樹脂之固化溫度之溫度（此實例爲9〇 t )下去除 覆層劑中所含之溶劑。 其次’如圖20A所示，將針對每個像元具有圓椎隆突之 模具壓於已形成覆層之基板上，於加壓下加熱至固化溫度 (此例爲180 °C ) ^此外，如圖20B所示，釋除該模具。結 果，於覆層中形成圓椎凹形部分。於本發明中，藉著將具 有優越脱模性之材料施加於模具上，可進一步改善操作 性。此例中’將脱模材料（Cytop, Ashahi Glass Co.，Ltd.製造） 施加於模具上，並固化。 其次，如圖21所示，於所得基板上形成由IT〇 (氧化銦 與氧化錫之混合物，厚1〇〇〇埃）製得之透明基板。此外， 於彼上層形成絕緣層（Si02)(未示）。 對照例2 如下製造對照例2之濾色器（B)。 使用具有光滑表面之玻璃基板（7059，康寧工業製造）作 爲模具，而不使用實施例9所用之模具，以得到具有光滑 表面之濾色器。該濾色器可用於需要平滑性之STN-LCD 。此例之濾色器的表面形狀測量實例係表示於圖22 中。 實施例1〇 根據實施例9之方式得到濾色器（〇，其中非像元部分 ___ _ — 本紙張尺度適用中圈國家標準（CNS ) A4说格（2丨〇 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 464779 A7 B7五、發明説明（31 ) 平坦，而像元部分成形爲凹形部分，不同處係使用非像元 部分具有平坦性而像元部分具有圓椎形隆突之模具（圖 23)° 對照例3 使用習用濾色器（D)(像元部分具有平坦性，而非像元部 分（BM部分）具有凹陷），如圖24所示。 實施例11 根據實施例9之方式製造濾色器（E)，不同處係使用實 施例8所用之感光抗蚀劑（V-259PA, Nippon Steel Chemical Co.，Ltd.製造）作爲光可固化覆層劑，該覆層劑係藉著壓著 預定模具而於加壓下照射紫外線而固化。 實施例12 如下製造實施例12之滤色器（F)。 根據實施例9之方式製造濾色器（F)，不同處係施加覆 層劑（a*具有預定濃度之聚苯醚（pp0)溶液），使覆層熱塑 化，隨後壓著預定模具而於加壓下冷卻固化。 另一方面，如下製造TFT基板（G)。使用抗蝕劑材料 (OMR83, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co·，Ltd.製造）於具有 TFTs 之基 板上之像元邊緣部分中形成抗蝕劑牆。抗蝕劑牆中含有使 元件厚度保持固定之珠粒，使珠粒表面不超出抗蝕劑牆。 將包括實施例9至11所得之濾色器（A)、（C)及（E)、對 照例3所得之濾色器（D)、或此例所得之濾色器（E)之基板 黏附著TFT基板（G)。包括濾色器及TFT基板之基板組合物 列於表1中。 I---------34- _ 本紙張尺度適财關家料（CNS ) A4· ( 21Qx297_^f — ' '~~ ---------~------1-ΐτ—------^ I (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 經濟部中央標隼局貝工消费合作杜印製 7 7 9 A7 __ B7 _ ___________ — .- _____ 五、發明説明（32 ) 表1 I III --^ 滤色器基板 TFT基板 實施例9 濾色器基板（A) TFT基板（G) 實施例10 濾色器基板（C) TFT基板（G) 實施例11 η--^--- 濾色器基板（E) TFT基板（G) 實施例12 濾色器基板（F) TFT基板（G) 對照例3 丨1.， -」 濾色器基板（D) TFT基板（G) II ' 丨丨 其次’將以下物質之混合物注入五組基板之間，以製得 五组液晶元件：〇.1 克 r_684 (Nippon Kayaku Co.，Ltd.製 造）；0.1克對苯基苯乙烯；1〇·〇6克式（I)之化合物；374 克液晶材料ZLI-4792 ( Merck & Co·，Inc.製造；含有〇 4重量 /〇之S-811);及0.02克光聚合起始劑（Irgacure 651)。Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) was exposed through a photomask with a graduated pattern of different transmittances as shown in FIG. 15 for development. Therefore, a substrate having an oval concave portion as shown in Figs. 16A to 16C was prepared. In a photomask with a graduated pattern, the light transmittance of the central part is 1000 / 〇, and the light transmittance of the part corresponding to the end of the pixel is 00 / 〇 β. In the middle part, the light transmittance Change step by step. The photomask can be manufactured by step-wise etching. Next, a thin film is formed on a substrate having a concave portion to obtain a main substrate. Secondly, an alignment film is applied on another substrate produced before or after the aforementioned substrate is manufactured. Adhesion includes the substrate of the pair of positive films and the substrate obtained previously. Then, the mixture as used in Example 1 was injected between the adhered substrates, and ultraviolet rays were irradiated at 3.0 mM / cm2 to polymerize a polymerizable material (ie, monomer). Observation of the produced liquid crystal element with a polarizing microscope revealed that the liquid crystal molecules were aligned symmetrically to the axis. In addition, the position of the orientation axis was fixed at the center of the pixel, and no significant shift was found in any pixel. Moreover, no roughness was seen. # As described in Example 1, a liquid crystal element was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The concave portions were not formed on the substrate in different places. Observe the produced liquid crystal element with a polarizing microscope, and display the liquid crystal molecules. ——— -----31- Take all the paper and take the standard China National Standard (CMS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -------- -L ------- Order ------ 溲-(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 6 4 7 7 9 A7 B7 Fifth, the invention description (29) is not oriented symmetrically with pumping. In addition, visual inspection showed extremely thick seams. Embodiment 8 describes a case where two or more (two in this example) concave portions are provided in one pixel. The liquid crystal display device of this example is manufactured as follows. A spacer (4.5 m in diameter) for maintaining a gap between the elements was dispersed in a glass substrate having ΓΓ0 in the same manner as in Example 7. After that, a photoresist (OMR83, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied, exposed, and a pattern was formed. Subsequently, a photoresist (V-259PA, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the substrate and exposed through a graduated photomask as shown in FIG. Thus, a substrate having two inverse conical concave portions in one pixel (ie, two axisymmetric centers in one pixel) is prepared. Next, the obtained substrate and a pair of substrates manufactured before or after the aforementioned substrates are adhered. Printed by the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), then inject the same mixture as in Example 1 between the bonded substrates, heat and slowly cool to obtain Liquid crystal element 0 with uniform axisymmetric orientation Observation of the produced liquid crystal element using a polarizing microscope revealed that two axisymmetric orientations were uniformly formed in one pixel, as shown in FIG. 18. Example 9 The case where a concave portion is formed on a color filter is described in Examples 9 to 12 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3. As shown in Figure 19A, a color resist is used on a glass substrate (thickness 1.1 millimeters ___ -32 -_____ — this paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications < 210X297 mm) employees of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumption cooperative printing i6 4 7 7 9 A7 --- _B7________ 5. The predetermined pixel on the description of the invention (30m) forms a color layer corresponding to R, G and B. In addition, BM is formed on the non-pixel portion using a black resist. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 19B, a coating agent containing a thermosetting resin (epoxymethylpropionate) is applied on this substrate to form a coating layer, at a temperature lower than the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin (this An example is removal of the solvent contained in the coating agent at 90 °). Secondly, as shown in FIG. 20A, a mold having circular ridges for each pixel is pressed onto the substrate having the coating layer, and heated to a curing temperature under pressure (180 ° C in this example) ^ In addition, As shown in Figure 20B, the mold is released. As a result, a cone-shaped concave portion is formed in the coating. In the present invention, operability can be further improved by applying a material having superior mold release property to a mold. In this example, a release material (manufactured by Cytop, Ashahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was applied to a mold and cured. Next, as shown in FIG. 21, a transparent substrate made of IT0 (a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide with a thickness of 1,000 angstroms) was formed on the obtained substrate. In addition, an insulating layer (Si02) (not shown) is formed on the upper layer. Comparative Example 2 A color filter (B) of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured as follows. A glass substrate (7059, manufactured by Corning Industries) having a smooth surface was used as a mold instead of the mold used in Example 9 to obtain a color filter having a smooth surface. This color filter can be used for STN-LCDs that require smoothness. An example of the measurement of the surface shape of the color filter of this example is shown in FIG. 22. Example 10 A color filter was obtained according to the method of Example 9 (0, in which the non-pixel portion ___ _ — this paper size is applicable to the National Standard for Central Circles (CNS) A4 grid (2 丨 〇X 297 mm) ( Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Order printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the Peugeot Consumer Cooperative 464779 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (31) Flat, and the pixel part is formed into a concave part, which is used in different places A mold with flatness in the non-pixel portion and rounded ridges in the pixel portion (Figure 23) ° Comparative Example 3 Using a conventional color filter (D) (the pixel portion is flat, not the pixel portion (BM (Part) has depressions), as shown in Figure 24. Example 11 A color filter (E) was manufactured according to the method of Example 9 except that the photoresist (V-259PA, Nippon Steel Chemical) used in Example 8 was used in different places. (Manufactured by Co., Ltd.) as a photocurable coating agent, which was cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays under pressure by pressing a predetermined mold. Example 12 A color filter (F ). The color filter (F) was manufactured according to the method of Example 9 without A coating agent (a * polyphenylene ether (pp0) solution having a predetermined concentration) is applied in the same place to thermally plasticize the coating, and then a predetermined mold is pressed and cooled and solidified under pressure. On the other hand, a TFT is manufactured as follows Substrate (G). A resist wall (OMR83, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is used to form a resist wall in an edge portion of a pixel on a substrate having TFTs. The resist wall contains a component thickness The fixed beads are kept so that the surface of the beads does not exceed the resist wall. The color filters (A), (C) and (E) obtained in Examples 9 to 11 and the color filters obtained in Comparative Example 3 ( D), or the substrate of the color filter (E) obtained by this example is adhered to the TFT substrate (G). The substrate composition including the color filter and the TFT substrate is listed in Table 1. I -------- -34- _ This paper is suitable for household wealth (CNS) A4 · (21Qx297_ ^ f — '' ~~ --------- ~ ------ 1-ΐτ —---- -^ I (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 4 Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperation of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 7 7 9 A7 __ B7 _ ___________ — .- _____ 5. Description of the Invention (32) Table 1 I III-^ Color filter substrate TF T substrate Example 9 Color filter substrate (A) TFT substrate (G) Example 10 Color filter substrate (C) TFT substrate (G) Example 11 η-^ --- Color filter substrate (E) TFT Substrate (G) Example 12 Color filter substrate (F) TFT substrate (G) Comparative example 3 丨 1.--"Color filter substrate (D) TFT substrate (G) II '丨 丨 Next' The mixture was injected between five sets of substrates to prepare five sets of liquid crystal elements: 0.1 g of r_684 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.); 0.1 g of p-phenylstyrene; 10.6 g of formula (I) Compound; 374 g of a liquid crystal material ZLI-4792 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc .; containing S-811 of 0.4 wt /%); and 0.02 g of a photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 651).

， ，:，.· F F CHz=CH COO-f CH % (I) 之後，在使像元區不㊣紫外線下照射紫外線，使注射開 口被光可固化樹脂密封。 觀察所得之液晶元件顯示使用實施例9至π之》慮色器 之液晶元件中之液晶分子得到軸對稱取向。然而，於彳吏 對照例3之濾色器之液晶元件中，發現不具軸對稱性之任 意定向狀態。 此外，該樹脂可於TFT基板側面，使用高汞燈於2 本紙張尺度適用中®國家標準（CNS ) M規格（21〇χ297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)After F F CHz = CH COO-f CH% (I), irradiate the ultraviolet light under the condition that the pixel area is not exposed to ultraviolet light, so that the injection opening is sealed with a photo-curable resin. Observation of the obtained liquid crystal element revealed that the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal element using the color filter of Examples 9 to π obtained axisymmetric alignment. However, in the liquid crystal element of the color filter of Comparative Example 3, it was found that there is no arbitrary orientation state with axial symmetry. In addition, the resin can be used on the side of the TFT substrate, using a high-mercury lamp in 2 paper standards. National Standard (CNS) M Specification (21〇297mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

經濟部中央榡率局員工消費合作社印裂 4 6 47 7 9 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（33 ) mM/cm2照度下，以紫外線照射30分鐘而進一步固化。 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察所得之液晶元件，發現於使用實施 例9至12之濾色器之液晶元件中，針對每個區段精確地 控制定向軸之位置，如圖25所示。換言之，軸對稱定向 之定向軸於像元中未大幅移位，而未發現粗糙性。然而， 於使用對照例3濾色器之液晶元件中，未得到具有軸對稱 定向之像元，而該顯示明顯粗縫。尤其，於灰度狀態及仰 角下，出現明顯粗糖β 已發現當使用具有凹形部分之濾色器，諸如實施例9至 12之濾色器時’不施加電壓下自發地得到軸對稱定向， 其係傳統上用以得到抽對稱定向，僅注射液晶材料與可聚 合材料（光可固化單體）之混合物。 此外’除此例所描述之操作外，藉著用以得到軸對稱定 向之一般操作；可得到較佳軸對稱定向β例如，除此例所 示之操作外，含有該混合物之液晶元件可被加熱至混合物 具有各向同性相之溫度，或可施加預定電壓於該液晶元 件。因而可得到較佳軸對稱定向。用以得到軸對稱定向之 —般操作的機構、優點及缺點詳細説明於下文。 若混合物被加熱至混合物具有各向同性之溫度（混合物 自液晶相熱轉移至各向同性相），則液晶相19易保持於像 兀中心部分，而被各向同性相18所園繞，如圖26所示。 當於此狀態下進行用以得到軸對稱定向之操作時，因液晶 區中心作爲軸對稱定向軸時熱力安定性最高，故軸對稱定 向軸移向像元中心部分而較佳。於此狀態下冷卻時，液# (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 6 47 7 9 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (33) mM / cm2 irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 30 minutes to further solidify. The obtained liquid crystal element was observed with a polarizing microscope, and it was found that in the liquid crystal element using the color filters of Examples 9 to 12, the position of the orientation axis was precisely controlled for each segment, as shown in FIG. In other words, the axis of axisymmetric orientation does not shift significantly in the pixel, and no roughness is found. However, in the liquid crystal element using the color filter of Comparative Example 3, a pixel having an axisymmetric orientation was not obtained, and the display was noticeably rough. In particular, in the gray state and elevation angle, apparently coarse sugar β appears. It has been found that when using a color filter having a concave portion, such as the color filters of Examples 9 to 12, 'axisymmetric orientation is obtained spontaneously without applying a voltage, It is traditionally used to obtain a symmetrical orientation, and only injects a mixture of liquid crystal material and polymerizable material (photocurable monomer). In addition, in addition to the operations described in this example, by using the general operation to obtain axisymmetric orientation; a better axisymmetric orientation β can be obtained. For example, in addition to the operations shown in this example, a liquid crystal element containing the mixture can be used. The mixture is heated to a temperature at which the mixture has an isotropic phase, or a predetermined voltage may be applied to the liquid crystal element. A better axisymmetric orientation is thus obtained. The mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages for general operation to obtain axisymmetric orientation are detailed below. If the mixture is heated to a temperature at which the mixture is isotropic (the mixture is thermally transferred from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase), the liquid crystal phase 19 is easily maintained at the center of the image and is surrounded by the isotropic phase 18, such as This is shown in Figure 26. When the operation to obtain axisymmetric orientation is performed in this state, it is better to move the axisymmetric orientation axis to the center of the pixel because the thermal stability of the center of the liquid crystal region is the highest when the axisymmetric orientation axis is used. When cooling in this state, the liquid # (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order

經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印策 464779 五、發明説明（) - 34 7 區隨著像元中心部分中所殘留之軸而生長。因此，軸對稱 定向㈣_於像元中心部分。使用得到轴對稱定向之操 作，雖然可將軸對稱定向軸位置置於中心部分之附近，但 難以精確控制轴位置。是故，爲了控制並將轴對稱定向# 精確地放置於預定位置，需要特定點。因此，在像元中心 區中之預定位置上製造凹形部分特別有效。 實施例13 以下描述藉第四種方法於濾色器中形成凹形部分之情 況。此實例中之方法包括使用彩色抗蝕劑藉著感光石印術 形成濾色器之彩色層之步驟。於此步驟中，透過光掩模進 行照光，使對應於像元中心部分之彩色抗蝕劑部分不固 化，以形成具有V型剖面之凹陷，以於彩色層中像元中心 部分中形成預定凹形部分。參照圖27A至27D，描述形成 凹陷之方法。此外，爲對照計，習用方法所用之掩模出示 於圖28中。 首先，如圖27A所示，使用彩色抗蝕劑於基板上形成彩 色層。其次，如圖27B所示，透過光掩模照光，以於彩色 層之頂層部分形成實質爲V型之凹陷。若使用陽性抗蝕劑 作爲彩色層，如圖27A所示，而光掩模對應於像元外部區 域之部分及像元中心部分（欲形成V型凹陷之部分）透光， 而其他邵分遮光。另一方面，使用陰性抗蚀劑作爲彩色層 時，光掩模對應於像元外區域及像元中心部分之部分遮 光，而其他部分透光°此種光掩模可應用薄膜黏著法及彩 色抗蚀劑法。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210 X 297公釐} (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -3 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 _B7 _ 五、發明説明（35 ) 光掩模對應於像元中心部分之部分（欲形成v型凹陷之 部分）之形狀未特別限制，可採用各種形狀。此部分之形 狀以圓形或接近圓形之形狀較佳（實質圓形，例如多邊 形，諸如具有渾圓點之六邊形或八邊形）。該部分之大小 以例如最大開口爲10微米或較小爲佳，其中其形狀實質 爲圓形。當該大小大於10微米時，該凹陷可貫穿彩色 層’使光穿透彩色層，損壞色彩純度。若使用該光掩模， 則光掩模靠近彩色層，該凹陷之大小及開口形狀與光掩模 對應於像元中心部分之部分相同。該凹陷深度小於彩色層 厚度以不致貫穿該彩色層較佳。 其次’如圖27C所示，形成BM以作爲遮光層。形成 BM使其表面高於彩色層。爲了形成該bm ，使用諸如黑 色抗蚀劑之有效材料作爲BM之材料較佳。形成BM及彩 色層之順序不重要。若於彩色層形成之後形成BM ，則可 使用預先形成之彩色層作爲掩模，自背側曝光而形成 BM。因而縮減光掩模數目。 其次’如圖27D所示’施加覆層劑以形成具有凹形部分 t覆層’視需要移除覆層中所含之溶劑。随後於覆層上形 成透明電極。若需要，再形成絕緣層。前文已描述覆層。 所形成之覆層具有所需形狀，BM上之部分高於位於彩 色層上之部分，而位於彩色層中凹陷上之部分對應於碗狀 之底部。該底部充作特定點。 根據使用圖28所示之光掩模之習用方法，需要形成彩 色層及於其上層形成凹陷之兩步騍。另一方面，根據此實 本紙張尺度14财關家-- _ ___ __ ___ _ _^ . :| I I I ------ .. D T n n -I In n n --------乂 i (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 464779 B7 五、發明説明（36 ) ' 例，可同時形成彩色層及凹陷。因此，可得到具有所需剖 面之凹陷，其係使用具所需形狀之光掩模，而不增加步驟 數目。因此，此實例之方法具有高度工業應用性。 本發明提供一種使軸對稱定向軸精確定位而不需於一像 元内形成一軸對稱定向時所需之結構。換言之，可於據色 器之一像元内，根據實施例8之方式形成多個轴對稱定 向，實施例8中於基板上之一像元内形成多個軸對稱定 向a此情況下，用以形成彩色層之光掩模具有於單一像元 内形成多個凹形部分所需之遮光部分及透光部分。 實施例14 下文詳細描述實施例13。 首先，如下製得濾色器。 使用陰型彩色抗蝕劑（CG2000 ' CR2000及CB2000 ， Fuji Hunt Electronics Technology Co·，Ltd.製造）以於玻璃基板 (厚1.1毫米）上形成對應於各像元之彩色層r、G及B。 形成彩色層時，使用於非像元部分及像元中心部分具有遮 光部分之光掩模。而且，此光掩模中，像元中心部分中遮 光部分之直徑爲5微米〇因此於所得之彩色層之頂層部分 中形成實質V型之凹陷。 其次，使用陰型黑色抗蝕劑（CKS142, Fuji Hunt Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.製造）於基板上非像元部分形成BM 。 該BM較彩色層高0.4微米。 施加覆層劑（V259PA, Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd 製造） 於基板上，該基板上已形成彩色層及BM。随後’於彼上 __ ~39 -_____— 本紙張尺度適用中國國家櫟準（CNS ) A4规格（21〇X297公釐） (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂_ 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 4 6 47 7 9 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印装 五 '發明説明（37 ) ~~- 層形成ITO (氧化銦與氧化錫之混合物）之透明電極，厚 1000埃。因此製得具有存在凹形部分之濾色器之基板。 另一方面’如下製造對基板。於像元邊緣以抗蝕劑材料 (OMR83, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co·，Ltd.製造）形成抗蝕劑牆。 抗蝕劑牆中含有保元件厚度保持定値之珠粒，使珠粒表面 不超出抗蚀劑踏。 對基板與包括濾色器之基板彼此黏著，將以下物質之混 合物注入所黏著之基板間，以製得液晶元件：〇.【克R_ 684 (Nippon Kayaku Co.，Ltd,製造）；（U 克對苯基苯乙烯； 0.06克式⑴化合物；3.74克液晶材料ZLI-4792 (Merck & Co.，Inc.製造；含有0.4重量％ S-811 );及〇·〇2克光聚合起 始劑（Irgacure 651)。Instruction of Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 464779 V. Description of Invention ()-34 The 7 area grows with the axis remaining in the central part of the pixel. Therefore, the axis symmetry is oriented at the center of the pixel. Using the operation to obtain the axisymmetric orientation, although the axis position of the axisymmetric orientation can be placed near the central part, it is difficult to accurately control the axis position. That's why, in order to control and place the axisymmetric orientation # precisely at a predetermined position, a specific point is required. Therefore, it is particularly effective to make the concave portion at a predetermined position in the center region of the pixel. Embodiment 13 The case where a concave portion is formed in a color filter by the fourth method is described below. The method in this example includes a step of forming a color layer of a color filter by photosensitive lithography using a color resist. In this step, light is irradiated through a photomask, so that the color resist portion corresponding to the central portion of the pixel is not cured, so as to form a depression having a V-shaped cross-section, so as to form a predetermined depression in the central portion of the pixel in the color layer.形 部分。 Shaped part. A method for forming a depression will be described with reference to Figs. 27A to 27D. In addition, for comparison, the mask used in the conventional method is shown in FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 27A, a color layer is formed on a substrate using a color resist. Next, as shown in FIG. 27B, light is irradiated through a photomask to form a substantially V-shaped depression on the top portion of the color layer. If a positive resist is used as the color layer, as shown in FIG. 27A, the part of the photomask corresponding to the outer area of the pixel and the center of the pixel (the part where the V-shaped depression is to be formed) is transmitted, and the other parts are blocked. . On the other hand, when a negative resist is used as the color layer, the part of the photomask corresponding to the outer area of the pixel and the central part of the pixel is shielded from light, while the other parts are transparent. This type of photomask can be applied with film adhesion and color Resist method. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -3 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs_B7 _ V. Invention Explanation (35) The shape of the part of the photomask corresponding to the central part of the pixel (the part where the v-shaped depression is to be formed) is not particularly limited, and various shapes can be used. The shape of this part is preferably a circular or nearly circular shape (Substantially circular, such as a polygon, such as a hexagon or octagon with round dots.) The size of the portion is preferably, for example, a maximum opening of 10 microns or smaller, where the shape is substantially circular. When the size is When it is larger than 10 microns, the depression can penetrate the color layer to allow light to penetrate the color layer and damage the color purity. If the photomask is used, the photomask is close to the color layer, and the size and opening shape of the depression correspond to the photomask It is the same as the central part of the pixel. The depth of the depression is smaller than the thickness of the color layer so as not to penetrate the color layer. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 27C, a BM is formed as a light-shielding layer. It is higher than the color layer. In order to form the bm, it is better to use an effective material such as a black resist as the material of the BM. The order of forming the BM and the color layer is not important. If the BM is formed after the color layer is formed, the pre-formation can be used The colored layer is used as a mask, and the BM is formed by exposing from the back side. Therefore, the number of photomasks is reduced. Next, 'apply a coating agent to form a coating layer having a concave portion t as shown in FIG. 27D'. Remove the coating layer as necessary. The solvent contained in it. Then a transparent electrode is formed on the cover layer. If necessary, an insulating layer is formed. The cover layer has been described previously. The formed cover layer has the desired shape, and the part on the BM is higher than the color layer. Part of the colored layer corresponds to the bottom of the bowl. The bottom serves as a specific point. According to the conventional method using the photomask shown in FIG. 28, it is necessary to form a colored layer and form a depression on the upper layer. Two steps 骒. On the other hand, according to this paper size 14 financial relations-_ ___ __ ___ _ _ ^.: | III ------ .. DT nn -I In nn ---- ---- 乂 i (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this ) A7 464779 B7 V. Description of the invention (36) 'Example, a color layer and a depression can be formed at the same time. Therefore, a depression with a desired cross section can be obtained, which uses a photomask with a desired shape without increasing the number of steps Therefore, the method of this example has high industrial applicability. The present invention provides a structure required for accurately positioning an axisymmetric orientation axis without forming an axisymmetric orientation in a pixel. In other words, it can be used in a color device. In one pixel, a plurality of axisymmetric orientations are formed according to the method of Embodiment 8. In embodiment 8, a plurality of axisymmetric orientations are formed in one pixel on a substrate. In this case, a photomask for forming a color layer is used. There are light-shielding portions and light-transmitting portions required to form a plurality of concave portions in a single pixel. Example 14 Example 13 is described in detail below. First, a color filter was prepared as follows. A negative-type color resist (CG2000 'CR2000 and CB2000, manufactured by Fuji Hunt Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to form color layers r, G, and B corresponding to each pixel on a glass substrate (thickness: 1.1 mm). When forming a color layer, a photomask having a light-shielding portion in a non-pixel portion and a pixel center portion is used. Moreover, in this photomask, the diameter of the light-shielding portion in the central portion of the pixel is 5 m. Therefore, a substantially V-shaped depression is formed in the top portion of the obtained color layer. Next, a negative black resist (CKS142, manufactured by Fuji Hunt Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to form BM on the non-pixel portion of the substrate. The BM is 0.4 microns higher than the color layer. A coating agent (V259PA, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) is applied to a substrate, and a color layer and BM have been formed on the substrate. Then 'on top of it __ ~ 39 -_____ — This paper size applies to China National Oak Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order_ Economy Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Education 4 6 47 7 9 A7 B7 Printed on the Consumer Standards of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China (5) Invention Description (37) ~~-Layers forming ITO (mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide) Transparent electrode, 1000 angstroms thick. Thus, a substrate having a color filter having a concave portion was prepared. On the other hand, a counter substrate is manufactured as follows. A resist wall (OMR83, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is formed on the edge of the pixel with a resist material. The resist wall contains beads that keep the thickness of the element constant, so that the surface of the beads does not exceed the resist step. The substrate and the substrate including the color filter are adhered to each other, and a mixture of the following substances is injected between the adhered substrates to prepare a liquid crystal element: 0.1 g R_684 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.); (U g P-phenylstyrene; 0.06 g of compound of formula VII; 3.74 g of liquid crystal material ZLI-4792 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc .; containing 0.4% by weight of S-811); and 0.02 g of photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 651).

F F CH2=CH COO-f CH 0 (I) 其次，針對元件中之混合物進行預定溫度操作及電壓操 作，以形成軸對稱定向狀態。此外、該混合物冷卻至液晶 相於像元整體區域中擴散之溫度。’之後，混合物於3 mM/cm2照度下照射紫外線歷經40分鐘，使用高|汞燈以 固化該樹脂。 實施例15 '根據實施例Η之方式製造液晶元件，不同處係使用在 像元中心部分之遮光部分的直徑爲1〇微米的光掩模。 -40· 本紙張度適用中國阐家標準（CNS ) A4it格（210X297公釐） _II ί I J,* I ΐί ^ 111H —文— (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B? 464779 五、發明説明（38 ) 對照例4 根據實施例14之方式製造液晶元件，不同處係使用像 元中心部分中不具有遮光部分之光掩模。 對照例5 根據實施例14之方式製造液晶元件，不同處係使用像 元中心部分中遮光部分直徑爲12微米之光掩模。 對照例6 根據實施例14之方式製造液晶元件，不同處係使用像 元中心部分中遮光部分直徑爲15微米之光掩模。 使用偏光顯微鏡觀察實施例14及15及對照例4至6之 液晶元件。結果’實施例14及15之液晶元件中，針對每 個像元精確地控制軸位置，無像元時，軸對稱定向之定向 軸大幅移位。另一方面，於對照例4之液晶元件中，無法 控制轴位置，使顯示極爲粗糙。此外，若爲對照例5及6 之液晶元件中，像元中心部分之凹陷貫穿彩色層，使色彩 純度降低。 因此，根據實施例14及15，可精確地控制轴對正定向 軸之位置。結果，視角改變時之粗糙可減低，可得到具有 均勻性及高對比之寬幅視角模式。此外，因爲該液晶顯示 裝置不需增加習用製造步驟數目即可簡單地製造，故具有 優越之成本性能。 滤色器中形成之凹形部分之形狀可爲先前針對基板描述 之任何形狀。因此，包括圖29A、29B、30A及30B所示 之形狀。形成凹形部分之方法可爲前文針對基板描述之任 —：~ -41- ___ 本紙浪尺度通財固國家標準（CNS)以規格（加χ29?公幻 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁〕 -" 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部中央標準局—工消費合作社印裝 4 6 4 7 7 g .J A7 '----__5!_____ 五、發明説明（39 ) 何方法e例如，第四種方法例示於實施例14中，第二種 方法例示於圖29Α、29Β、30Α及30Β中。然而，亦可使 用第三種方法及第二種方法。 下文更詳細地描述凹形部分之剖面形狀。圖29Α及29Β 顯示於平分底部之垂直面中界定該凹形部分輪廓之曲線之 二次導數符號爲負號時之情況。圖30Α及30Β顯示於平分 底部之垂直面中界定凹形部分輪廓之曲線之二次導數符號 爲具有正號部分及負號部分之情況。爲了形成圖29Β所示 之凹形部分，可將階梯凸形部分頂部之高調低，如圖29Α 所示。另一方面，爲了形成圖3〇Β所示之凹形部分，例 如，可將階梯凸形部分頂部之高調高，如圖30Α所示。 圖31爲顯示使用具有圖29Β所示之凹形部分之基板作 爲—片基板，而使用於透明電極上形成抗蝕劑凸形部分之 基板作爲另一片基板所製造之元件的部面圖。抗蝕劑凸形 部分用以使液晶與光可固化樹脂間分相。 於所製之元件中，前述實例中，可精確控制軸對稱定向 之軸位置，產生良好定向狀態，而不會有粗糙性或不均勻 性。 雖然圖29Α、29Β、30Α及30Β係例示二次導數符號爲 負之情況，及二次導數符號包括正及負之情況，但本發明 不限於此，而可應用於二次導數符號爲正或〇之情況° 此外，於前述情況下，除實施例14及15所述之操作 外，藉著進行用以得到軸對稱定向之一般操作’可得到較 佳之軸對稱定向。例如’除實施例14及15所述之操作 ~ 42 ~ _ 一——* 1 "** 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) Α4規格（2!0Χ297公釐} (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 464779 A7 B7 五、發明説明（40 ) 外，含有混合物之液晶元件加熱至混合物具有各向同性相 之溫度，或施加預定電壓於液晶元彳，以得到&佳轴對^ 取向。 如前文所述，根據本發明，軸對稱定向軸之位置可被精 確控制，而可得到具有均勻性及無粗糙性之液晶顯示^ 置。此外，因爲可於不施加電壓下形成軸對稱定向，故可 於工業生廠時大幅降低成本。 該液晶顯示裝置可應用於個人電腦、文字處理機、遊樂 器及電視機之平面顯示、或顯示板、窗、門或利用快門效 果之牆。 熟習此技藝者可在不偏離本發明精神及範園下，輕易明 瞭並調整各種其他改良。是故，申請專利範圍不限於本發 明所述之陳述，而爲廣義之申請專利範園。 f諳先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部t央標準局員工消費合作社印髮 -43- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4说格（210X297公釐）F F CH2 = CH COO-f CH 0 (I) Secondly, a predetermined temperature operation and voltage operation are performed on the mixture in the element to form an axisymmetric orientation state. In addition, the mixture is cooled to a temperature at which the liquid crystal phase diffuses in the entire area of the pixel. After that, the mixture was irradiated with ultraviolet rays at a light intensity of 3 mM / cm2 for 40 minutes, and a high-mercury lamp was used to cure the resin. Example 15 'A liquid crystal element was manufactured according to the method of Example ，, except that a photomask with a diameter of 10 micrometers was used in the light-shielding portion of the central portion of the pixel. -40 · This paper is in accordance with the Chinese interpreter standard (CNS) A4it grid (210X297 mm) _II ί IJ, * I ΐί ^ 111H — Article — (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 B? 464779 V. Description of the Invention (38) Comparative Example 4 A liquid crystal element was manufactured according to the method of Example 14, except that a photomask having no light-shielding portion in the center portion of the pixel was used. Comparative Example 5 A liquid crystal element was manufactured according to the method of Example 14, except that a photomask having a diameter of 12 m in the light-shielding portion in the center portion of the pixel was used. Comparative Example 6 A liquid crystal element was manufactured according to the method of Example 14, except that a photomask having a diameter of 15 m in the light-shielding portion in the central portion of the pixel was used. The liquid crystal elements of Examples 14 and 15 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were observed using a polarizing microscope. As a result, in the liquid crystal elements of Examples 14 and 15, the axis position was precisely controlled for each pixel. When there is no pixel, the orientation axis of the axisymmetric orientation is largely shifted. On the other hand, in the liquid crystal element of Comparative Example 4, the axis position could not be controlled and the display was extremely rough. In addition, in the liquid crystal elements of Comparative Examples 5 and 6, the depression in the central portion of the picture element penetrates the color layer, which reduces the color purity. Therefore, according to the fourteenth and fifteenth embodiments, it is possible to precisely control the position of the shaft with respect to the orientation axis. As a result, the roughness when the viewing angle is changed can be reduced, and a wide viewing angle mode with uniformity and high contrast can be obtained. In addition, since the liquid crystal display device can be simply manufactured without increasing the number of conventional manufacturing steps, it has superior cost performance. The shape of the concave portion formed in the color filter may be any shape previously described for the substrate. Therefore, the shapes shown in Figs. 29A, 29B, 30A, and 30B are included. The method of forming the concave part can be any of the previous descriptions of the substrate—: ~ -41- ___ This paper is a standard of national financial standards (CNS) based on specifications (plus χ29? Public Magic (please read the precautions on the back before reading) (Fill in this page)-" Printed by the Consumers 'Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics-Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives 4 6 4 7 7 g .J A7' ----__ 5! _____ 5. Description of the invention ( 39) Any method e. For example, the fourth method is illustrated in Example 14 and the second method is illustrated in Figures 29A, 29B, 30A, and 30B. However, the third method and the second method may be used. The cross-sectional shape of the concave portion is described in more detail. Figs. 29A and 29B show the case where the sign of the second derivative of the curve defining the outline of the concave portion in the vertical plane at the bottom of the bisect is negative. Figs. 30A and 30B show the bisector. The second derivative symbol of the curve defining the contour of the concave portion in the vertical plane at the bottom is the case with positive and negative signs. In order to form the concave portion shown in Figure 29B, the top of the stepped convex portion can be lowered As shown in Figure 29A On the other hand, in order to form the concave portion shown in FIG. 30B, for example, the height of the top of the stepped convex portion can be raised, as shown in FIG. 30A. FIG. 31 shows the use of the concave shape shown in FIG. 29B. Part of the substrate is used as a piece of substrate, and the substrate used to form a convex portion of a resist on a transparent electrode is a partial plan view of an element manufactured by another substrate. The convex portion of the resist is used to make liquid crystal and light curable. Phase separation between resins. In the manufactured components, in the foregoing examples, the axis position of the axisymmetric orientation can be precisely controlled to produce a good orientation state without roughness or unevenness. Although Figure 29A, 29B, 30A and The 30B series exemplifies the case where the sign of the second derivative is negative, and the case where the sign of the second derivative includes positive and negative, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to the case where the sign of the second derivative is positive or 0. In the case, in addition to the operations described in Examples 14 and 15, by performing the general operation to obtain an axisymmetric orientation, a better axisymmetric orientation can be obtained. For example, 'Except the operations described in Examples 14 and 15 ~ 42 ~ _ —— * 1 " ** This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 specification (2! 0 × 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order 464779 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( 40) In addition, the liquid crystal element containing the mixture is heated to a temperature at which the mixture has an isotropic phase, or a predetermined voltage is applied to the mesogen to obtain the & good axis pair orientation. As mentioned earlier, according to the present invention, the axis is symmetrical The position of the orientation axis can be precisely controlled, and a liquid crystal display device with uniformity and no roughness can be obtained. In addition, because an axisymmetric orientation can be formed without applying a voltage, the cost can be greatly reduced during industrial production. The liquid crystal display device can be applied to a flat display of a personal computer, a word processor, an amusement device, and a television, or a display panel, a window, a door, or a wall using a shutter effect. Those skilled in the art can easily understand and adjust various other improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of patent application is not limited to the statements described in this invention, but is a broad patent application park. f 谙 First read the notes on the back and then fill out this page.) Order Printed and issued by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -43- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

第86114255號專利申請案 AS 4 6 47 7¾文申請專利範圍修正本(9〇年9月）s p·"—·^ D8 專利範圍 種液晶顯示裝置，包括一顯示媒體，其含有至少〜 .種液晶而夾置於一對基板之間，該基板至少—片為诱 明， 遠對基板中至少一片具有在面對著顯示媒體之側雨 上具有凹形部分之薄膜，該凹形部分自基板法線方向 觀看時，於凹形部分中心附近具有底部，該顯示媒骨酱 中所含之液晶分子與軸對稱地定向於雇部周圍或其附 近。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之液晶顯示裝置，其中，在 平分底部之垂直面中界定凹形部分之輪廓為曲線，而 該曲線之二次導數符號為正。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之液晶顯示裝置，其中，在 平分底部之垂直面中界定凹形部分之輪廓為直線。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之液晶顯示裝置，其中，於 平分底部之垂直面中界定凹形部分之輪廓為曲線，而 該曲線之二次導數符號為負。 5-根據申1青專利範圍第i項之液晶顯示裝置，其中，於 平分底部之垂直©中界定該四形部分之輪廓係為曲 線，該㈣具有㈣」次導數符號為正之部分及該曲 線之二次導數為負之部分。 6.根據申請專利範圍第！項之液晶顯示裝置，其中’提 供有具有凹形部分之薄膜之基板與提供有具^形部 分之薄膜之基板相對，使凹形部分之底㈣應於凸形 部分之頂部，且 本紙張尺度逋用中菌國家樣準(CNS) A4現格(21〇X 297公釐) A8 B8 C8No. 86114255 Patent Application AS 4 6 47 7 ¾ Patent Application Scope Amendment (September 90) sp · " — ^ D8 Patent scope liquid crystal display device, including a display medium, which contains at least ~. The liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. At least one of the substrates is attractive. At least one of the substrates has a thin film with a concave portion on the side facing the display medium. The concave portion is from the substrate. When viewed in the normal direction, there is a bottom near the center of the concave portion, and the liquid crystal molecules contained in the display medium bone sauce are oriented symmetrically around or near the employment department with the axis. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the contour defining the concave portion in the vertical plane that bisects the bottom is a curve, and the sign of the second derivative of the curve is positive. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the contour defining the concave portion in the vertical plane that bisects the bottom is a straight line. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the contour defining the concave portion in the vertical plane that bisects the bottom is a curve, and the sign of the second derivative of the curve is negative. 5- The liquid crystal display device according to item i of the patent scope of Shen 1qing, wherein the outline defining the quadrilateral part in the vertical © of the bisecting bottom is a curve, and the part with a positive derivative symbol of "㈣" and the curve The second derivative is negative. 6. According to the scope of patent application! Item of the liquid crystal display device, wherein the substrate provided with a thin film having a concave portion is opposite to the substrate provided with a thin film with a thin portion, so that the bottom of the concave portion should be on top of the convex portion, and the paper size中 National Standard for Chinese Bacteria (CNS) A4 (21 × X 297 mm) A8 B8 C8 46 47 7 9 六*、申請專利範圍 顯Γ、媒眩中所含之液晶分子與軸對稱地定向於該底 部及頂部周圍或其附近。 根據申π專利範園第t項之液晶顯示装置’其中，該 顯丁媒把包括王要含有液晶之液晶區及圍繞該液晶區 之聚合物區α 8. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之液晶顯示装置，其中，形 成忑凹形邛分，使液晶區中心之元件間隙最大’液晶 區末端< 7L件間隙最小，而液晶分子軸對稱定向軸係 位於液晶區中心^ ' 9. 根據申請專利範圍帛7項之液晶顯示裝置，其中，具 有凹形部分之膜表面梯度於位於存有液晶區之像元部 分與非像元部分間之邊界上連續改變。 10·根據申請專利範圍第i項之液晶顯示裝置，其中，讀 具有凹形部分之薄膜係自熱塑性絕緣材料或熱固性埯 緣材料形成。 11. 根據申請專利範圍第！項之液晶顯示裝置’其中’診 具有凹形部分之薄膜係自感光性絕緣材料形成。 12. 根據申請專利範圍第i項之液晶顯示裝置，其中謗透 明電極係於提供有具有凹形部分之薄膜之基板上形 成β —種製造液晶顯示裝置之方法，包括以下步驟： 於一對基板之至少一片上形成用以形成凹形部分之 薄膜；及 以具有預定凹形及凸形表面之模具壓製該膜，以於 本紙張尺度適用中國®家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公茇) 裴 訂 線 六、申請專利範圍 孩膜之預定位置上形成預定形狀之凹形部分；用以形 成該凹形及凸形表.面之該膜的厚度為1至3ιιπι，且該 壓製步驟係與加熱同時進行，加熱溫度係為丨8 〇 t 〜22(TC，壓製之壓力為〇.5kg/cm2 , Η·根據申請專利範圍第13項之製造液晶顯示裝置之方 法’其中該模具之凹形及凸形表面具有圓椎形狀或橢 圓推形。 15‘一種製造液晶顯示裳置之方法，包括以下步驟： 於一對基板之至少一片上堆疊多層自基板法線觀看 具有圓形或橢圊形之薄膜’使較接近基板之膜具有較 大面積’而形成在周線中具有階梯之凸形部分；及 形成覆蓋該凸形部分之膜，以形成具有平滑表面而 於相鄰凸形部分之間具有底部之凹形部分；該凸形部 分之最鬲那分係位於非像素部分。 16.種製造液晶顯示裝置之方法，包括以下步驟： 於一對基板之至少一片上形成由感光性材料製造之 膜； 透過具有不同透光度標度之刻度掩模使該膜曝光以 形成圖案，而於膜中形成凹形部分；將液晶與光可聚 合化合物之混合物注入該對基板之問：及 以紫外線照射該混合物，以使光可聚合化合物固 化= ^根據申請專利範圍第13項之製造液晶顯示裝置之方 法’該方法另外包括以下步驟： 本紙張尺度適用中與菌家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 4 6 4 9 &、申請專利範圍 A BCD46 47 7 9 vi *, patent application scope Γ, liquid crystal molecules contained in the medium glare are oriented symmetrically to or around the bottom and top. The liquid crystal display device according to item t of the patent patent garden, wherein the display medium includes a liquid crystal region containing a liquid crystal and a polymer region surrounding the liquid crystal region. 8. The liquid crystal according to item 7 of the scope of patent application A display device in which a concave shape is formed to maximize the element gap at the center of the liquid crystal region 'the end of the liquid crystal region < the gap between the 7L elements is minimized, and the axis of the liquid crystal molecule's axisymmetric orientation is located at the center of the liquid crystal region ^' 9. According to the patent application In the liquid crystal display device in the range of item 7, the gradient of the film surface having the concave portion continuously changes on the boundary between the pixel portion and the non-pixel portion located in the liquid crystal region. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to item i of the application, wherein the thin film having the concave portion is formed from a thermoplastic insulating material or a thermosetting flange material. 11. According to the scope of patent application! In the liquid crystal display device of the above item, the thin film having a concave portion is formed from a photosensitive insulating material. 12. A liquid crystal display device according to item i of the application, wherein a transparent electrode is formed on a substrate provided with a thin film having a concave portion. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes the following steps: On a pair of substrates A film for forming a concave portion is formed on at least one of the pieces; and the film is pressed with a mold having a predetermined concave and convex surface so that the Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) is applied to the paper size. Pei Thread 6. The scope of the patent application is to form a concave part of a predetermined shape at a predetermined position of the film; used to form the concave and convex surface. The thickness of the film on the surface is 1 to 3 μm, and the pressing step is related to The heating is performed at the same time, the heating temperature is 丨 80 ～ 22 (TC, the pressing pressure is 0.5 kg / cm2, Η · The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the scope of application for patent No. 13 ', wherein the mold is concave And the convex surface has a circular cone shape or an elliptical push shape. 15 'A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising the following steps: stacking a plurality of layers on at least one of a pair of substrates Viewing a thin film having a circular shape or an elliptical shape at a plate normal to 'make a film closer to the substrate have a larger area' to form a convex portion having a step in the periphery; and forming a film covering the convex portion to form A concave portion having a smooth surface and a bottom portion between adjacent convex portions; the most subtle part of the convex portion is located in the non-pixel portion. 16. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, including the following steps: A film made of a photosensitive material is formed on at least one piece of the substrate; the film is exposed to form a pattern through a scale mask having a different light transmittance scale, and a concave portion is formed in the film; liquid crystal and photopolymerizable The mixture of compounds is injected into the pair of substrates: and the mixture is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the photopolymerizable compound = ^ A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 13 of the scope of patent application 'This method further includes the following steps: This paper Standards apply to CNS A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 4 6 4 9 & patent application scope A BCD 神碇日日與光可氷合化合物之混合物注入該對基板泛 •間··及 以紫外線照射該混合物，以使光可聚合化合物医 化。 18. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之液晶顯示裝置，其另外自 括濾色器，其包括彩色層、遮光層及覆蓋彩色層及进 光層之覆層，其中該凹形部分係於濾色器中形成。 19. 根據申請專利範圍第18項之液晶顯示裝置，其中提供 野應於像元部分之凹形部分，而濾色器對應於非像元 部分之部分平坦。 20. 根據申請專利範園第18項之液晶顯示裝置，其中於覆 層上形成透明電極。 21- 根據申請專利範園第18項之液晶顯示裝置’其中該覆 層係自選自熱塑性樹脂、熱固性樹脂及光可固化樹脂 之材料形成。 22- 根據申請專利範圍第18項之液晶顯示裝置，其中該彩 色層係使用彩色抗蝕劑藉感光石印術形成’具有一開 口直徑為耗米或較小之凹陷，該遮光層高於彩色 層，而覆層係自無機物質或有機物質形成。 23_ —種製造液晶顯示裝置之方 乃忐，其包括以下步騾： •於基板上預定位置上形成彩色層及遮光層，隨後形 成覆盘琢彩巴層及該遮光層之覆層，以形成滤色器； 及 以具有預定凹形及&形表面之模具壓製該覆層，以 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家樣竿(CMS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐) 4 6 47 7 9 7T、申請專利範圍 AS B8 C8 D3 於覆層<預疋位置内形成預定形狀之凹形部分；該覆 層係藉著施加覆層劑，隨之移除覆層劑中所含之溶劑 而形成，該模具於對應於像元之位置有凸形部分或隆 突；該模具之某部分具有平面。 24.根據申請專利範圍第23項之製造液晶顯示裝置之方 法，其中該覆層係藉著施加覆層劑，隨之移除覆層劑 中所含之溶劑而形成。 2：>’根據申啫專利範圍第23項之製造液晶顯示裝置之方 法’其中該模具於對應於像元之位置有凸形部分或隆 突D 26_根據申請專利範圍第23項之製造液晶顯示裝置之方 法，其中該模具之某部分具有平面。 2 ·種製k液晶顯示裝置之方法，包括以下步驟：使用 彩色抗蚀劑劑藉感光石印術形成濾色器之彩色層，其 中係經由光掩模進行照光，使對應於彩色抗蝕劑之像 兀中心部分的部分不固化，而形成凹陷，以於彩色層 之像元中心部分形成預定凹形部分；凹陷開口直徑為 微米或較小。 28'種製造液晶顯示裝置之方法，包括以下步驟： 於對基板之至少一片上形成用以形成凹形部分之 薄膜：及 以具有預定凹形及凸形表面之模具壓製該膜，以於 該膜之預疋位置上形成預定形狀之凹形部分；該模具 之凹形及凸形表面具有圓椎形狀或橢圓椎形。 本紙張尺度適用中g國家標竿(CNS) A4规格(210 X 297公龙) 裝 訂 線 464779 A BCD 六、申請專利範園 29. —種製造液晶顯示裝置之方法，包括以下步騾： .於一對基板之至少一片上堆疊多層自基板法線觀看 具有圓形或橢圓形之薄膜，使較接近基板之膜具有較 大面積，而形成在周線中具有階梯之凸形部分；形成 覆蓋該凸形部分之膜，以形成具有平滑表面而於相鄭 ώ形部分之間具有底部之凹形部分； 將液晶與光可聚合化合物之混合物注入該對基扳之 間：及 以紫外線照射該混合物，以使光可聚合化合物固 化。 本紙乐尺度適用中國®家橾準(CNS) A4规格(210X297公釐)A mixture of Kobe Day and the photo-icable compound is injected into the pair of substrates, and the mixture is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the photo-polymerizable compound. 18. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, which additionally includes a color filter, which includes a color layer, a light-shielding layer, and a covering layer covering the color layer and the light-incoming layer, wherein the concave portion is a color filter器 中 FORMED. 19. The liquid crystal display device according to item 18 of the scope of application for a patent, wherein the supply field is provided in a concave portion of the pixel portion, and the portion of the color filter corresponding to the non-pixel portion is flat. 20. The liquid crystal display device according to item 18 of the patent application park, wherein a transparent electrode is formed on the coating. 21- A liquid crystal display device according to item 18 of the patent application park, wherein the coating layer is formed of a material selected from a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a photocurable resin. 22- The liquid crystal display device according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, wherein the color layer is formed by photolithography using a color resist, and has a depression having an opening diameter of one meter or less, and the light-shielding layer is higher than the color layer , And the coating is formed from an inorganic substance or an organic substance. 23_ — A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is the following steps, which include the following steps: • forming a color layer and a light-shielding layer on a predetermined position on the substrate, and then forming a disk-coated color bar layer and a cover layer of the light-shielding layer to form Color filter; and pressing the coating with a mold having a predetermined concave and & shaped surface, using the Chinese National Sample Rod (CMS) A4 size (210 x 297 mm) at this paper size 4 6 47 7 9 7T The scope of the patent application AS B8 C8 D3 forms a concave portion of a predetermined shape in the coating <pre-position; the coating is formed by applying a coating agent and then removing the solvent contained in the coating agent The mold has a convex portion or bulge at a position corresponding to the pixel; a portion of the mold has a flat surface. 24. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 23 of the scope of patent application, wherein the coating layer is formed by applying a coating agent followed by removing the solvent contained in the coating agent. 2: > 'Method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 23 of the patent application scope', wherein the mold has a convex portion or a bulge D at a position corresponding to a pixel 26_ manufacturing according to item 23 of the patent application scope A method of a liquid crystal display device, wherein a part of the mold has a flat surface. 2. A method for manufacturing a k liquid crystal display device, comprising the following steps: using a color resist to form a color layer of a color filter by photosensitive lithography, wherein the light is irradiated through a photomask so that the color corresponding to the color resist A part of the central part of the image is not solidified, but a depression is formed to form a predetermined concave part in the central part of the pixel of the color layer; the diameter of the opening of the depression is micron or smaller. A 28 'method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising the steps of: forming a thin film to form a concave portion on at least one piece of a substrate; and pressing the film with a mold having a predetermined concave and convex surface so that A predetermined shape of a concave portion is formed at the pre-clamped position of the film; the concave and convex surfaces of the mold have a circular cone shape or an oval cone shape. This paper is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 male dragons) binding line 464779 A BCD VI. Patent application park 29.-A method for manufacturing liquid crystal display devices, including the following steps: When at least one piece of a pair of substrates is stacked in multiple layers, a film having a circular or oval shape is viewed from the substrate normal, so that the film closer to the substrate has a larger area, and a convex portion having a step in the periphery is formed; A film of the convex portion to form a concave portion having a smooth surface and a bottom portion between the opposite portions; injecting a mixture of liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable compound between the pair of substrates; and irradiating the mixture with ultraviolet rays To cure the photopolymerizable compound. This paper scale is applicable to China® Furniture Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)
TW086114255A 1996-11-26 1997-09-30 Liquid crystal display device and method for producing the same TW464779B (en)

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