TW460694B - Volume charge density measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

A capacitive sensor includes one or more chambers through which a material can flow. Two conductors are located to partially surround the flow chamber so that the material flows between the conductors. Where more than one chamber is used, additional conductors are provided. A measurement circuit connected to the conductors provides an output corresponding to a difference between test and reference frequencies. A display indicates the measured capacitance as a continuous-scale, proportional representation or a binary representation. The sensor system can measure volume charge density of a fluid or parameters responsive to changes in volume charge density, such as flow velocity.

Description

The first one applied by the laboratory is a type that is coated with a liquid sample such as oil and a material, and a shape that is usually placed in its body. The insulation constant is the same as that measured with solids. For example,; Tanimoto comparison can be obtained, for example, those who cannot measure the process are quite broad. How to deal with isoelectric discharge under high voltage will affect 4606-) 4 V. Description of the invention (1) Related applications This case is part of the PCT / US98 / 25792 patent application filed in the United States pCT on December 4, 998 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention of a continuous city is related to a volume measurement system, in particular, a reactor to prevent the damage effect of an external electric field, and a volume measurement circuit with a valley charge density. Home> Technology> Volumetric measurement systems are used to measure the purity of dissolved solids and water. A volume sensor system_a non-conductor that separates liquid from the electrode ^: tube-shaped, the electrode and the other electrical system are mutually the same. The number is based on the sound of the ions in the sample, and the number forms the electric X. T's departure from ten / morning changes, and this departure ,, 'relevant. From the comparison of the connected oscillator and the capacitance of electricity and sample concentration, we can know that ^ = solid systems that are dissolved in water can be known and obtained by 3]. / Chen Mao's water sample = The traditional capacitance measurement sensor described is low in accuracy. ㈧Ion concentration below a certain ppm concentration. -= Found concentration measurement under the same test conditions; white: t ′ Many of these devices are limited to their own: body, and will be enhanced from this fluid material; liver electricity, the

Page 5 You, 460694 Description of the invention (2) Precision of measuring clams. Because «the above-mentioned conventional technology is available and the present invention will be added to the present invention, when this is the same as the material-like chamber system, the inner and outer conductors are in the second chamber, and there are three in the side. In the face. The invention is destructive like a fluorescent lamp potential. If so, the result of the inspection is to reduce the need to provide to feel to solve the hair system contains a capacitive sensor package shaft, and the system measured the sample and its definition to define the example can make this kind of Make the sample conductor surface reveal external influences and so on. Exposure If measured in daylight, the result. Even the electromagnetic wave destroys the electric field. It contains a tube, a conductor between the cavity and the conductor. The sense of circulation and the circulation should be provided by the electric field, that is, induced by the electric field. Illumination of the lamp will obviously not have enough light to affect the above-mentioned and other problems. The outline of the external conductor of the reactor and the power measurement system, a room between the internal and external conductors, or the insulation between them should be forced to be such insulation. The reactor includes one or more. Parallel conductor surfaces are between conductors. When used to make each channel separately, the conductors under the external environmental power supply of the conventionally known electrical appliances will produce a different environment in the room than the detection results in non-lighting lamps or other significant effects. Device measurement system, and its deficiencies, are all in the first tubular #conductor inner electrical insulation chamber. It flows through the chamber. The Department 邋 λ: Bamboo V enters the chamber Rongzhiping & / Decade is the electric field generated by the tubular recitation, #: through force or cavity placed in the two two-way guide # of the channel, placed in a pair of conductor-capacitor sensors, and the antenna effect and The source of the electric field in the environment where the detection lamp is illuminated by the reactor, and the human body's electrostatic shield can be complete. The present invention includes

460694 V. Description of the invention (3) Cover the cavity holder that contains the sample during measurement. One or more openings, and a movable shell. In the example, the sensor has ΐΓΐ: through the chamber, because the cover is in electrical contact with the outer shell, and the opening is sealed when measured. . The electrostatic shield can be mounted on a body. In another embodiment, the square valve of ":::::" is used to selectively open and close the opening: the opening and the conductive element are in electrical contact with the external conductor and are sealed when measuring. There are some electric fields that ca n’t penetrate the chamber. In addition, there are-or more openings, where a display material is placed. The electric field cannot penetrate the chamber because the display + two = ° A Bubu conductor. 勹 β is not in electrical contact with the device. In addition to providing electrostatic shielding and general physical protection, the Wu's case can provide a stable relative position of the sensor element. In reality: = the case The ribbed scattered characters support and surround the tube and the parallel plate conductor. The ribs of the scattered matter extend along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the flow to prevent the channel from expanding under temperature and pressure and = The fixed distance between the conductor and the circulation channel. After the insert is abutted on the current channel, the channel and the plane of the conductor are combined, and the resin is inserted into the ribbed insert = = can increase additional stability. Once installed After entering 'resin can obviously add two = force The tolerance level is refined. This sensor can be used for high-flow conditions. Although the grease can be selected to have thermal insulation properties. The ribbed inserts are 22%. The disc outside the tree tray is characterized to reduce resin loading. After shrinking. In the group of another embodiment,% ',' when all components have been combined, ν resin can pass through the housing; _ =

Page 7 460694 V. Description of the invention (4) For injection, all components can be sealed to make them stable and improve their protection against dust and moisture. In addition, the potential adverse effect of electronic noise sources on measurement is the static electricity generated by the rapid flow of material fluids in the pipeline. Special Materials Booklet The problem becomes more pronounced when static electricity is used, such as when the material system has low inductance. The static electricity can be discharged in the sensor, which will produce false signals and cause inaccurate measurement results', and even damage the sensor's electronic components. = One or more electrostatic discharge conductors, each of which includes a conductive button or extension that can extend into the fluid channel. In a preferred embodiment, — the baskets, #, ”at the entrance and exit of the sensor are placed in Shengchu-Baidu… connected to the buttons are connected to the eighth first knowledge, generally via The ground path is connected to the circuit board so that the static electricity can be discharged harmlessly. Because of the nature of ^ ^ should be non-reactive. More suitable: For measuring materials, the button is a blunt material. The materials of ㈣ ° include gold plating, Material of nickel or platinum The electronic measurement system determines the reference value and the test signal or substitutes, ^ I or the fixed reference frequency signal 'Yi / Bei j „type frequency Xinu / ancient capacitor capacitance value. The difference in the value of j is implemented to reflect the feeling, which is ...

$ 8 is actually subtracted from one signal—the circuit contains a D-type flip-flop, and the real circuit includes a certain phase circuit. This thunder condition number. In another embodiment, the direct greenness for improving the response ^ may also include an analog or digital device-type correction circuit. At the same time, the word Lei Fu's digital amplifier, amplifier, look-up table, or multiple items are intermittently reversed and applied to the cry measurement system. In some embodiments, static electricity can be accumulated on the conductive surface: π, the polarity of the test signal, In order to reduce Feibu 460694 V. Description of the invention (5) Effect and other benefits. Temperature compensation circuits can be used to minimize frequency drift caused by changes. Other suitable temperature measuring devices and resistors produced by the processor or other controllers are integrated in a button for the thermal conductivity of the conductive coating. The resistor is placed in it and sealed with heat conduction. On top of the thermally conductive resin, a sealer placed on the circuit board of the inductor is used to prevent heat. The single thermistor provides the necessary openings. However, multiple thermistors are provided everywhere. The system can be used for a variety of purposes, such as gas, water, and other liquid systems. Applications can range from oil accumulations to oil refineries or gas pipelines. Other components in the measurement system include controllers and system software. The compensation from the environment and the material temperature during the measurement is made by the sensor. The material temperature can be measured by a thermistor or. In the embodiment, the thermal sensor provides electrostatic discharge to form a cavity by using the button system and close the thermal resin or other thermally conductive material between the button and the circuit for the system. A kind of thermal insulation resin or other resistance wires are conducted to the outside ~. The information 'is included in the inlet or outlet for use, and is matched with the required opening. It contains the impurities in the fluid, and can measure the flow rate of the fluid. Pure water treatment systems in such circuit manufacturers. In addition to the sensors, the communication interface module and display device, the foregoing and other patents and scope of the present invention, and the accompanying drawings In order to fully understand the present invention, the features and advantages will be described in the description and formula described later. Schematic description can refer to the following embodiments to explain and cooperate

See 460694 V. Description of the invention (6) The subsequent related drawings. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sensor suitable for circulation operations; Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1; a solenoid-operated valve is connected to the openings at each end of the sensor; Figure 3 is a cross-section of Figure 1 along the 3-3 section line Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Figure 1; Figure 5 is an enlarged view of one end of the embodiment shown in Figure 2, wherein the solenoid portion is a cross-section; Figure 6 is another sensor of Figure 1 An enlarged view of a structure in which the conductive display portion is a section; FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another type of inductor suitable for electrostatic operation; .. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the section line 7-7 of FIG. 8; Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 8 showing a combination of an end cap, an inner conductor and the outer conductor; Fig. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the connector after the combination of Fig. 8; Volume charge density measurement circuit, which subtracts the measured frequency from a preset reference frequency; Figure 12 is the following first part of Figure 11 and illustrates the other part of the circuit; Figure 1 3 is Figures 11 and 12 follow the second part of the legend to illustrate another part of the circuit; Figure 14 is a legend of part 12 of Figure 12 and is an explanatory diagram Parts of a circuit; FIG An induction system 15 having two parallel rod-shaped conductor and an outer mask; cross-sectional view along the line 16-16 in FIG. 15 along line 16 in FIG;

460694 on page 10 V. Description of the invention (7) Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along the section line 17-17 in Figure 15; Figure 18 is an exploded perspective view of a part of the sensor of Figure 15; Figure 1 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line 19-19 in Fig. 15; Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line 20-20 in Fig. 19; Fig. 21 is a perspective view of another end of the inductor with fins added; Figure 2 is a perspective view of another end of a sensor with fins added; Figure 2 is a perspective view of another inductor with a concentric tubular conductor configuration; Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line 24-24 in Figure 23; 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line 2 5-2 5 in Fig. 23; Fig. 26 is an enlarged side view of one end of the inductor shown in Fig. 25; Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line 27-27 in Fig. 26; --- Figure 28 is a perspective view of an immersion sensor; Figure 29 is a sectional view taken along the section line 29-29 in Figure 28; Figure 30 is a sectional view taken along the section line 30-30 in Figure 29; FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line 31-31 in FIG. 29; FIG. 3 is another type having a temperature compensation circuit and a ground potential relative to the inductor cover to reverse the polarity of the inductor conductor The circuit diagram of the sensor part; Figure 3 3 is the circuit diagram of the device part of another capacitance detection circuit; Figure 34 is the circuit diagram of the other device part of the capacitance detection circuit; Figure 3 5 is for indicating the quantity Circuit diagram of the device and indication circuit part whose measured value is higher or lower than the preset threshold; Figure 36 is a block diagram of the detection system, which subtracts the measured frequency from the preset reference frequency value;

Page 11 460694 V. Description of the invention (8) Figure 37 is another block diagram of a detection system including an electric differential amplifier; Figure 38 is another detection system including a microprocessor and a temperature and non-linear compensation circuit Block diagram; Figure 39 is a block diagram of another detection system that includes two probes or sensors for measuring the flow rate; Figure 40 is a flowchart illustrating the system measurement method; Figure 41 is a system measurement Flow chart of the method of flow rate; Figure 4 2 is a flowchart illustrating the general method of the system; Figure 4 3 is a circuit diagram of the inductor part of another capacitance detection circuit with other temperature compensation circuits; _ Figure 44 is another A perspective view of an inductor with parallel plate-shaped conductors; _ FIG. 45 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along section line 45-45 in FIG. 44; ′ FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line 46-46 in FIG. 45; A cross-sectional view along the middle section line 47-47; Fig. 48 is an end view of the sensor of Fig. 45; Fig. 49 is a perspective view of one side of the end member of the sensor of Fig. 44; Fig. 50 is an opposite side shown in Fig. 49 Perspective view; FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a plate-shaped or rod-shaped conductor in FIG. 44; Figure 5 2 is an enlarged view of a circled portion in Figure 46; Figure 5 is a partial exploded view of another embodiment of the Series 3 sensor; Figure 5 4 is an end view of the supporting structure of the embodiment of Figure 53; 5 5 is a perspective view of the end member of the embodiment of FIG. 5 3; and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 5 along the line 5 6-5 6. Description of the preferred embodiment

Page 12 460694 V. Description of the invention (9) As shown in Fig. 4, a capacitor inductor 10 includes an elongated tubular inner conductor 12 and an elongated tubular outer conductor 14. The two-conductor system is the same as the > shaft or common Heart-to-heart relative installation. The conductors 2 and 14 are radially spaced from each other to define a long annular cavity 16. The outer conductor 14 includes two conductive end members 18 and 20 'end members which are respectively screwed to both ends of the inductor 10. The O-rings η and 23 are closed end members 18 and 20 to prevent leakage. End piece 18 is the sensor access openings 22 and 24. As described later, the sensor can be used to measure the volume charge density of the fluid, that is, the liquid or gas in the tube can flow into the sensor inlet 2 2 and flow out from the sensor outlet 2 4. The two body portions 26 and 28 are made of a non-conductive material and are disposed at opposite ends of the sensor 10. The main body portion 26 is fitted to the outer conductor -1. The main body portion 28 is fitted to the other end of the outer conductor M.内 ί 二 $ '而 心力 知. One end of the inner conductor 12 is held in an annular groove in the body portion 26, and the other end is held in an annular groove in the body portion 28. The main body portion 26 has an end portion 30 with glue fitted in the opposite annular groove 32 of the main body portion 28. This way of "adhering the main body part to the main body part 28" realizes the economical combination of the device. The main body part 26 has three longitudinally extending precision fluid channels 38, 40, and ", which are arranged at even intervals. Similarly, the main body portion 28 also has three longitudinally extending precise fluid channels 44, 46 and 48, which are arranged at even intervals. In operation, the flow system is introduced into the inductor 22 at the inlet 22 of the end piece, and the flow enters the human cavity 16 through the channels 38, 40 and 42. The fluid exits the chamber through channels 44, 46, and 48, and the sensor's outlet 24 at the end member 20 receives the fluid flow. Although the body parts 26 and 28 insulate the fluid in the cavity 6 from the inner and outer conductors

Article 13 X 460694 V. Description of the Invention (10) t In other embodiments, the inner and outer conductors may be bonded with a suitable medium such as = ::: 体. In other embodiments, the “conducting iron” is made of glass or other insulating materials. Although c ′ for the skilled person, many embodiments may occur, but its concept is fluid-conducting. It is located in the cavity between the two conductors, and is insulated with an insulating material to define its volume. Heart: ί :::: 中 (not shown) 'contains multiple chambers and increases with each other. In other words, the volume of the inductor 'in other words, although the above-mentioned system = inner and outer conductors 12 and 14 and body portions 26 and 28 to define a single two-chamber body: the conductors 1 2 and 1 4' may still be used in other embodiments. Increase the concentric configuration of the insulation and the conductor to increase the number of chambers.-A coaxial cable 50 is electrically connected to the inductor, and one end of the cable 50 is exposed to the center of the conductor 52. The conductor center 52 is welded to the inner surface of the inner conductor 12. The shielding layer of the cable 50 is exposed, and the electric cable is extended into the outer conductor. However, the shielding layer 54 is warmly covered along the electrical length and connected to the circuit. The fixing ring 56 is used to fix the cable 50 to the outer conductor 4, and at the same time, the outer conductor 14 and the shielding layer 54 are electrically connected. The cable 50 is not exposed between the fixing ring 56 and the center conductor 52 and is welded to the inner conductor 12 as 仏 'to increase the shielding effect of the shielding layer on the inside of the inductor 10. In another embodiment (not shown in the figure), the following circuit or part is provided with the sense: "Inside the benefit" For example, the volume of some inductors may be low, and the capacitance generated by the coaxial electric double Sensitivity of the shadow system. Because at least a part of the electronic circuit components can be placed in the sensor, and it is outside the sensor. In some embodiments, all electrical voltages are equal to or equal to one another; electronic circuits are all

Page 46 46

V. Description of the invention (11) —— = In the sensor, and the sensor may include an integrated display to indicate its outer conductor 14, its end members 18 and 20, and the retaining ring 56 are made of suitable materials, such as metal The manufacturing system is quite important, as it is interconnected and = the chamber 16 is completely isolated from the external electric field. This shielded connection allows the external electric field to enter through openings 22 and 24 only. Another feature of the sintered layer is to prevent the invasion of external electric fields. For example, some displays include 34 and 36 are placed on the end members 18 and 18, respectively .: It is made of conductive material such as metal wire braid and There are editors Ϊίί ί enter. The monitors 34 and 36 are preferably tapered. 4 ;;;; clever and prevent the electric field from entering, with sufficient roughness-degree, judge the desired flow rate through the sensor 10. The other embodiments of the above-mentioned electric field prevention are also shown in Figs. As shown in the figure ^ ^ ^, 12〇 ^ 22 ^ 60 64, which is connected to the end member 18 and the female = 6. The male threaded end including the sleeve 62 and the male threaded end are connected to the end portion ㈣, and the male threaded end of the 66 is the subsequent female threaded end. Solenoid Threaded end. Please place the sleeve 62 with the female of the male thread end on the sensor 1. 'The solenoid 66 conducts fluid under the control of the magnetically-purchased conventional configuration 1', such as a 0-shaped ring to limit the upper limit of the 72 and the elastic buffer, when the solenoid head ~ end. μ When the electric wire 圏 70 is driven,

Page 15 460694 V. Description of the invention (12) Moving in the direction of the sleeve 62 2 'forces the distal end of the valve body 78 to closely contact the valve seat 80 of the sleeve 62. The transport end of the valve body 78 is inclined tapered or chamfered, and the valve seat § 〇 can be relatively inclined tapered or chamfered to improve the sealing effect. When the solenoid 6 6 is actuated, the valve body 7 8 is not connected to the valve seat 80 in order to allow the fluid to pass through the inlet 6 8 of the valve and flow into the sensor 10. Since the solenoid-operated valve 64 has the same structure as the solenoid-operated valve 62, it will not be described in detail in the drawings. 'Among them, the sleeve 62 and the valve body 78 are made of conductive materials, and are connected to each other and connected to the outer conductor 14. Because when the solenoid 66 is actuated and the solenoid operation valve 58 is closed, there is no external electric field that can penetrate the shore. Although the combination 58 and 6 illustrated in Figures 2, 5 and 6 = to The m direction is the direction, and the definition such as the direction in which the fluid flow is guided to the valve through the outlet 24 is adopted for convenience of explanation. For example, when the body pressure is expected to be quite obvious, it can provide another, and such as the valve system is perpendicular to the external flow to reduce the valve opening. & y was born under pressure in another embodiment shown in Fig. 6,-the sensor 10, electrophilic resistance 薄 3 thin 84 injury η electric field resistance ^ Pirate 84 is connected to the lightning guide ^ is fixed to The display 82 is made of a conductive material to prevent external electric fields.糸 乂 is cone-shaped and has _ & 社 I g ιν &, ', the chanter 8 2 is a secretive structure with a withered structure enough to block the electric field, and Youzhimu — Temple roughness for Equivalent flow rate /, Aida's 坌 U, Responsive state 10. Blocking crying R 4 total 4 people The first and second part 86 and 88. The second series includes the first one-* R ^ / V 〇η 丨 part 8 8 of the A threaded end of the remote connection ^ ^ 4 parts 86 relative to the female screw end of the male thread end, connected to the poor thread The knowledge shows crying 8? Sun Li = Part 1 and Part 2 of 86: Securing the female threaded end is connected to the second part δ8 = Threaded end of inlet 90. Although its display is not 460694 V. Description of the Invention (13) It is clear that the same electric field blocker 84 may be included in the end part 20. In the electric field version, another embodiment of the solenoid valve 58 may be added to the screw valve. Block the electric field. For example, the Ge device is used for similar mechanical purposes. Any mesh f can be used as a touch similar to the barrier 84. ,, /, should be able to form an electrical connection with the outer conductor 14 as shown in Figure 7-10. Another outer conductor 94 and 1 hand: = 2, for example, including-lengthwise tubular 9 "to define a lengthwise The ring = the system is separated from the conductor 94 and one of the ends of the edge body 98; the inner conductor 96 extends into the insulation: the edge body 98 is intended to be measured in the chamber 二. The conductive end parts 102 and 104 are measured in Two; electricity ¥ through. The outer conductor 94 includes two 102 and! 04: Ergo? J: each end of the position sensor 92. The end member 蟫 pattern has female threads and is connected to the tubular portion of the outer conductor 94 Part eight

Line tattoo. The end part 104 can be used by Jiang Pong, so you can use the coaxial cable A2 to fill the chamber 100 with liquid. Inside the hole of the body 96 / π * body 1 06 is welded or friction-fitted to the inner guide member Η2 of the door Λ ° Λ Λ the shielding layer 11 of the electric environment 108 is fixed to the end portion of the ^ 112, Corresponding to the layer U of the tapered shoulder of the tube r blade of the outer conductor 94. "The" contact "of the electric field of the end part can have the same ground potential and provide external 60 p. 7 60694, the description of the invention (14) value knowing / the idea is that in the above embodiments of the inductors, all The conductive elements are made of similar metals to avoid potential differences. Further, the metal should be resistant to the fluid sensed by the sensor. Stainless steel, bronze and brass are highly suitable metals. In addition, insulators (inner layers or walls) are used to protect all metals from contact with fluids to prevent semi-plating reactions in electrical fields. Those skilled in the art can recognize that the closest point of a metal in contact with a fluid mainly depends on the voltage value of the inner plate, the distance from the metal fluid contact point to the inner conductor, the electrode potential of the metal, and the amount and type of ions carried by the fluid. . As described below regarding the preferred circuit, the sensor 92 can be used to measure the volume charge density of the current. The user can remove the end piece and fill the fluid into the cavity 100. The end piece 丨 04 is fitted back to the distal end of the tubular portion of the outer conductor g 4 and fixed. A gasket 116 between the end member 104 and the distal end of the tubular portion of the outer conductor 96 is used to prevent leakage of fluid from the chamber 00. However, when the sensor 92 is filled with fluid, it is preferable to stand up in the manner shown in FIG. After being locked by the end members 102 and 104, the chamber 100 is completely isolated from the external electric field. Figures 11-13 illustrate a volume charge density measurement circuit, which is connected to a volume sensor, such as a sensor or 92. A suitable power source, represented by battery 118, provides the system's supply voltage (+ 5V) relative to the ground voltage. The inner and outer conducting system of the inductor is used as the second plate of the capacitor, and the outer conducting system of the inductor 10 or 92 is grounded as described above. The inner conductor of the sensor ' 92 is connected to the connector 120. A connection 1 2 0 is connected to the rabbit rabbit, rich > as, 1 dismounts the free-running oscillator of the 555-type eyepiece, the gate of the film "122", and triggers Lei Mu, to turn into the circuit. Two resistors 124 and 125 are connected in series

4S〇694 Description of the invention (15) = Connector 12G and timing chip 122 discharge input circuit is a variable resistor to facilitate calibration. The steps described below are also PU 5 when the chip m discharge input circuit is connected to the power supply's meter. The control input of the chip 122 and the 1-capacity 128-series gate input are interconnected. The reset input is between the following "". The triggering of the instant chip 122 generates a test signal 130 on the dragon wheel: Fang: Lian! Which ’s the way. The R-C time constant is determined by the capacitance of the sensor, °. The value of $ connected to electricity is defined to determine, > 丨 $ a and resistance 1 2 4 and 1 2 5 77. I will determine the frequency of the signal 1 30. The second 555-type time chip 132 is generated—reference signal 134 is output at its output terminal, which is converted to the value of capacitor 136, and the first terminal frequency is the output terminal of the Iberian wheel. The second terminal of the capacitor 136 is connected to and connected to the first terminal of the capacitor 136 in series ::: ;; Resistor 139 is a variable resistor to discharge the pulse. The RC time constant is defined by the resistance value of the & subsequent steps of the inductor to determine the parameters: 13 and resistor 140 are connected to a piece of the leaf. n U 34 frequency. Another — "between. -Two and the power supply voltage, the reset input terminal is connected in the following manner. The ground point is the second 555-type time chip 144 series as a free, generating-trigger signal 146 at its output, sent. ^ 5 converted to a capacitor 1 48 of these eight things-the frequency is in proportion to the rotation The first terminal is connected to the gate and the second terminal of the trigger n148t is grounded. Resistance 150 series connection

Page 19 460694 V. Description of the invention (16) _ Between the first terminal of the capacitor 148 and the timing chip i 44. The RC time constant is defined by the capacitance of the inductor 148 and the resistance value of the second to determine the period of the trigger signal 146 and the period of 150 to generate enough short period pulses to fail to run. A resistor 152 is connected to the timing chip. 144 Fang,! Jin is better. Another pressure between. A capacitor 154 is connected between the two terminals of the chip and the power supply point. The reset input terminal is connected to the electric core ::: terminal and ground. The timing chip 丨 22 and 24 of the timing chip 1 should be provided. Trigger message Please note that ‘5 5 5 type 1 timing is used here. Economical and ready for commercial applications. However, because of its application in high-frequency operation or when there is a special +, juice τ circuit system, rich, rich — and 'especially precise when required. What's more, the free-running oscillator can be written on the circuit f because the capacitance value of its inductor may be prepared: take ::: degrade the signal when you click on the road. Compared to doing: single-click is a free-running oscillator, traditional 〇π field is used to make a margin with a small capacitor value. Although the operation of the circuit will be described as follows, the Guangshi = test signal 130 and reference signal 134 are subtracted from each other: ancient: circuit is poor. The test signal 130 is connected to the frequency of the Pan type. Pan (the frequency of the break) 56 (Figure 12) is the input terminal of the early-reverse vibration H-go flip-flop (CLK), and the test signal 134 is connected to the timing 130. And ⑼ to form signal ends. The positive and negative claws are turned on the D and CLK output ends of the flip-flop 156, and have a rate of Λ to generate a differential signal 162. The difference between the 130 and 134 frequencies of the Q signal is represented by the Q signal. — 460694 V. Description of the invention (17) Π: Second, the differential signal 162 can only accurately represent the frequency ΐ 1 The phase of the reference signal 134 is less than 180 degrees. The chip 1 4 4 prevents the phase difference from drifting by periodically pulling the tongue φ > 丄 n. Trigger signal 146: J = the period of the reference signal m of the chip 122 and 132 is the most = test signal 130 and ^ is taken to be hundreds or even thousands of times true for you γ ^ signal 162 can be & converted into a sensor Capacitance: All -m is provided in a suitable display circuit. Although, Figure 13 "..., lacks: And any circuit that can be used to measure the capacitance of the battery can be called suitable. In the circuit described, the differential signal 162 is passed through one or two input terminals. One input terminal 1 of the intersection gate 173 is a wavy four-bit counting chip 164, 166, and so on. As described in the next step, a gain signal 171 provides another of the intersection gate Π3-an output to enhance the measurement value of the display circuit. The frequency of the gain signal 171 is ^ The number of pulses of the parent gate 1 73, so that it will occur at various time differences and output at 30 o'clock. The output of the counting chip 164, 1, 68, and 170 provides four or two. Carrying actuators Π2 'nine and 178' display of each of the seven sections of the ^ code drive of the respective wheels _ ,, heartbeat; by a flip-flop 81 (Figure 12) corresponding to the trigger signal 146 1 = and k supply Each decoder / driver 172, 174, 176, and 178. This circuit can be measured in any suitable way, such as the following = display 180, m, ⑻, and 86 can display 100% of dissolved matter J = or four parts per billion- Bit measurement results. As mentioned above, gain

Page 21 4 6 Ο 6 9 4

V. Description of the invention (18) 1 71 is used to measure the mine. As a free-run type 2 time chip 188 (Figure D series frequency is proportional to Ϊΐ; 2 = _71, the chip has -secret β miscellaneous recognition of The value of the electric valley 190, the first terminal is connected to the "2" and "1" terminals. The second terminal of the capacitor 190 is grounded. Two resistors are connected in series to the first terminal of the capacitor 190 and the timing chip. Step, the RC variable resistance of 24 is determined by the resistance value of I92 and m after calibration, and the electric resistance m and the resistivity of A should be widened. In addition, the resistance 194 is connected at the same time = the gain signal 171 Frequency between the supply voltage.-Lei Liu, the daily output of 188 between the power supply and the ground point. The weight is connected to the control input of the chip 1 8 8-This circuit contains one: holding power 2, :: J is connected to the power supply waste: When it is greater than the reference signal 134, the frequency of clamp signal ^ test signal 130 is ― the circuit system is used as the indicator of the indicator ==; No. 16 2 to zero frequency. The Electric number 134. When the frequency of the test ㈣13q = = is equal to the reference signal, the measured value with a higher logic value is displayed. Signal and reference signal: The problem with frequency 52 is the value, that is, the frequency of the test signal 130 = the upper difference, and the measured value is the positive and small clamping circuit. When the frequency of the test signal 13o = the reference frequency 134. If it is missing , The frequency is higher than the reference signal 134: similar to the reference signal 134 will cause the display to display an incorrect value. D; c § The change caused by 13 will cause the clamping circuit to include five D-type positive and 206. Flip-inverter 198 And 2 0 0 — .: and 200, 2 2, 204 inverters 202 and 2 04 are also one, one, and one and the only circuit ". Positive and negative circuit. The flip-flop 198

Page 22 V. Invention description (19) The timing input terminal is connected to the No. 146 via a Schmitt trigger inverter 208. The flip-flop 198 and the input terminal 20 are provided. At that time: the trigger signal 146 is maintained, and the flip-flop ⑽ and the terminal Λ 产生 generate a high logic value signal. The Q output of the flip-flop 198 is connected to the 20000 input of the flip-flop, and the thin-out wheel output is connected to the flip-flop ^

The input phase and another inverter 21 are connected to S 1 60 and ^ — 1. The timing input of the positive and negative gain 204 is connected to the reference signal 134 by the inverter and another inverting gain 212. In the mentioned embodiment (not shown),-and-the circuit can be connected in series-with the resolution of the thunder. The resulting circuits can be referenced separately, such as two and only circuits and three and only three circuits. The port should have a high logic value signal at the Q output of the positive and negative benefits 198, and a low logic value of the flip-flop 2000 at its Q output will rise at the test signal 13 times. Because the Q output terminal is connected to the clear input of the flip-flop 98 at the same time, the flip-flop 198 is cleared according to the rising edge. Because of B ',, the positive output terminal correspondingly uses the trigger signal 146, including the whole one of $,:, No. 13. . The same '' corresponds to the end of the flip-flop 2 at the test signal m times-the rising edge. To clear. Therefore, the output of the flip-flop m = 2 / mesh / the rising end edge plus w includes a complete test cycle. The input of the trigger signal flip-flop 206 should be connected to the flip-flop 200. Q input, and

Page 460694

V. Description of the invention (20) Clear input of the flip-flop 206. The flip-flop 20 6 can be compared to the Q output of the flip-flop 204. The test signal is 1 4 6. By Quan Laoguang. The monthly test signal 130 and one cycle of reference, that is, the reference signal rate is lower than the test signal 130, except that the input terminal is connected and the output terminal. The flip-flop is maintained at the exit of the first 5 ^ rounds of the clearing dimension. Therefore, the frequency of the flip-flop 15β. , '≫ Kaohan No. 134 has a lower test signal than the 130 signal. The circuit is further _ J.L- _ when the frequency is Wen, a circuit is set up. When the test signal is 130,

If the sensor is broken, the frequency of the test signal i 3 〇 will reduce the f 1 channel + loss / or sense J ^ rn ^ rr ^ n. After noon liver is reduced to zero, for example, if the sensor 92.8 (Figure 7-10) is damaged, the cavity When the fluid in the chamber 100 has a conduction path between 4M between the mediators 94 and 96, the signal "3G" will be directly grounded. Error mm and: light: if body (LED) 213 ’When a short circuit occurs between the inner and outer conductors of the inductor, the light emitting diode will flicker. The error indication circuit includes a transistor 214, a resistor 216, and a capacitor 2 1 8 (FIG. 11). The transistor integrator 2 丨 4 is connected to the power supply voltage, the base is connected to the test signal 30, and the transmitter is connected to the terminal of the resistor 216 and the terminal of the capacitor 218. The other terminals of the capacitor 218 and the resistor 216 are grounded. The test signal 130 charges the capacitor 2i8. The resistance 21 f causes the capacitor 2 18 to discharge more slowly than the test signal 13 3 charges. Because the voltage of the capacitor 218 remains higher than that of a logic layer with a high logic value (-^ for a chip with inter-transistor logic (TTL) is 2.5 volts' and CM0S ^

Page 24 460694 V. Description of the invention (21) Other wafer technologies may be more suitable). The inverter 2 2 0 is connected to the capacitor 218 to generate a low logic value output. When the test signal 1 30 stops charging the capacitor 2 i 8, the capacitor will quickly discharge through the resistor 216. When the voltage of the capacitor 218 reaches a value relative to a low logic value (generally about 1.7 volts for TTL), the inverter 220 produces a high logic value output. The output of the inverter 220 is connected to the reset input terminal of the 555-type timing chip 222 as a free-running oscillator. The chronograph chip 2 2 2 makes the stop L E D 2 1 3 flash. The flash frequency or cycle time is determined by the value of capacitor 224 and resistor 226. The first terminal of the capacitor 224 is connected to the gate plant and the trigger input terminal of the timing chip 222. The second terminal of the capacitor 224 f is grounded. The resistor 226 is connected between the first sub-capacitor 224 and the discharge terminal of the timing chip 222. The other resistor 228 is connected between the discharge input terminal of the timer chip 2 2 2 and the supply voltage. The capacitor 2 3 0 is connected between the control input terminal and the ground terminal of the chip 2 2 2. Therefore, as long as the reset input is a high logic value signal, the timing chip 222 generates a pulse wave at its output terminal every cycle. The rest of the circuit is about the display. Another 5 5 5-type timing chip 232 ′, which is a free-running vibrator, generates a flashing signal 234. The display 180, 182, 184, and 186 are actuated at a frequency corresponding to the flash signal 234 ', and the frequency is determined by the value of the capacitor 2 36 and the resistance 238. The first terminal of the capacitor 236 is connected to the threshold and the trigger input terminal of the timing chip 232. The second terminal of the capacitor 236 is grounded. The resistor 238 is connected between the first terminal of the capacitor 2 3 6 and the discharge input terminal of the s ten o'clock chip 2 3 2. The other resistor 2 40 is connected between the discharge input terminal of the timing chip 2 3 2 and the power supply voltage. The capacitor 242 is connected between the control input terminal of the timing 232 and the ground terminal.

460694 —— V. Description of the invention (22) ___ During operation, it is used as a timing crystal of a free-running oscillator; No. 13 °, its frequency is based on a proportional conversion circuit = production test = capacitance, such as inductor 1G, Induction of 92 or other suitable weights :: The volume is relative to the fluid or other sample in the sensor. Product charge density. The timing chip 1 3 2 is used as an A voltage or capacitive reference signal 134, and its frequency is constant or fixed. Oscillator is produced-the self-running trigger oscillator generates a trigger signal C 144 and resets the timing chip 1 2 2 and 1 3 2 at the same time. The period is corresponding to the test signal 130 and the reference signal 134, which are used for instructions. For example, if the sensor is displayed as a digital value:: Road = for the indication circuit in the example is displayed digitally. Although in the four examples (not shown), the indicating circuit can be two "his consistent: Shi MN〇-g0 ". Funeral Manifestation M Go ', or-the flip-flop 15β produces a differential signal M2, the basin presented = = The frequency difference of the test signal 134. The power is clamped; j to ensure that the flip-flop is positive I only when the differential signal 丨 62, that is, when the test signal 丨 30 frequency value can be held against the circuit to clamp the differential "system f Shoulder reference signal 134. The clamp two violations :. The indicating circuit also includes a counter ⑻, and the signal U6 is periodically equal to the count value of the differential signal 162. Trigger u 4 to reset the count value. One number-. The count value generates a value. Figure 4 illustrates another part of the above circuit section with respect to FIG. 14. Another way is that it can include the circuit of the way shown in Figure 12. The essence of the circuit is that it can provide—differential signals.

IHH page 26 tr 4 60 694 V. Description of the invention (23) 2 44. The frequency of this signal corresponds to the capacitance of the sensor according to the ratio. It can be changed according to the type of measurement and the equipment specified by the user. . Conversely, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the frequency of the differential signal 16 2 is proportionally converted to the capacitance of the inductor. Compared to the above circuit, the signal 130 is directly connected to the 21 and the only circuit, one of which includes two D-type flip-flops 246 and 248, and the other includes two D-type flip-flops 250 and 252. The timing input terminals of the flip-flops 246 and 250 are connected to the trigger signal 146 via the Schmitt trigger inverter 254. The D-type input terminals of the trigger circuits 2 46 and 2 50 are connected to the power supply voltage. The Q-type output terminal of the flip-flop 246 is connected to the D-type input terminal 1 of the flip-flop 248. Similarly, the Q-type output terminal of the flip-flop 250 is connected to the flip-flop 25 2 input terminal. The timing input terminal of the side flip-flop 248 is connected to the test signal 5 through the inverter 2 5 6 2 2 8. Similarly, the timing input terminal of the flip-flop 2 5 2 is inverted. The devices 26 and 262 are connected to the reference signal. The positive end is connected to the-input of the intersection gate 264, the output is connected to the clear input of the flip-flop 246, and the SI output is connected to the other-input of the intersection 264 to be connected, = input . The output terminal of the flip-flop 252 is not connected to the second output terminal. The output terminal is the differential signal 2 ". The m-generating two electric starters = start 2 with 2Γ 146, and the flip-flop 268 corresponds to the trigger signal num (Figure = 2. 66, Asia provided to jiema drive Π2, Π4,

The process by which the user can perform the measurement before starting the measurement or during the manufacturing process

460694 V. Description of Invention (24) Preface. The user can introduce a senior senator, Mendon 4 11 yd to increase the frequency of the gain signal 1 71. For example, Zengyi signal 171 determines the number of pulses generated in each period. _ Again-the interval is between the connection to the test signal 13〇

Road: Divide: Connect to one of the test signals 134 and between the only circuits. The J degree corresponds to the number of pulses generated during the period. For example, when measuring the impurities in the right sample from 2 million to 2500, the user can adjust the gain signal 170 to generate 2 500 pulses per period. The user V1 adjusts the resistance 139 until the display value is zero to 1 :: ”, then the density sample is sent to the cavity of the sensor. 6 The person who wants to measure the South Impurity 11 ^;,; 193.. Master, " It does not appear the desired value. For example, 'load density. The resistance 1 93 can be adjusted so that the display indicates the capacity of the sample is based on: = the measured value can be more compared with the conventional measurement system', month Taiyanming and F reactors have better protection against external electric fields. In addition, the new circuit of the present invention is more accurate than those skilled in the art. ^ H㈣㈣Applicator 3 () () 'It contains-longitudinal a guarantee The body 310 is used to shield the external electric field. Within the body 310, ^ 314 meters are formed into two parallel long rod-shaped bodies 312 and 314. The conductor 312 is fixed to one part of Bentay and each other (Figure 17-18), The combination of conductors includes halves 316 and 318 which hold the solid gas 1 shape, the connection points of the screw and wire 3 2 0 and 322 wires 324 and 32 6 =: f316 and 318 'to provide electricity to the conductor 31? The clamp holding half body 316 and 318 are interposed, and the non-conducting tube 328 is interposed. The tube body 328 forms a

46〇694 V. Description of the invention (25) Facial soil ′ A fluid sample (not shown) is allowed to flow through it for measurement. In the sensor embodiment, it is important to insulate the conductors to prevent the conductors and the fluid from becoming electrically conductive. Although the tube body 3 28 provides insulation, the conductors 3 1 2 and 3 1 4 can still be plated with a suitable dielectric material. A small screw 哞 33 0 is plated with a metal or gold with high conductivity characteristics and extends thereon through one of the holding halves, = 6 and 318 and protrudes into the inside of the pipe body 328 to make electrical contact with the material sample. The screw 33 0 can be electrically connected to the body 31 〇 or other washable = 31 = conductive, as shown in the dotted line in the figure. If it is connected to the J body 31 〇 alternately connected to the ground of the base, that is, the ground surface . The function of the screw 3 3 0 will be stated electronically as follows. Interfaces 332 and 334 allow fluid samples to flow into the chamber. The interfaces 332 and 334 are fixed to the end members 336 and 338, and the conductor assembly is fixed between the beans. The O-rings 340 and 342 seal the interfaces 332 and 334 with the conductor group door. Although the interfaces 332 and 334 are tubular and barb-shaped, their other engaging mechanisms, such as screw-shaped. The end members 336 and 3 3 8 are matched with the end of the body 310 and are made of conductive material to extend ^

Its shaded end. Feng's electronic components 3, 44, which are also covered by UU 310, include a digital display to shield the external electric field. The display 346 has a window which is matched with an opening of 131, so that the user can read the measured value. The electronic component f includes any of the circuits described above 'or other circuits described below. Overnight, the connector 3 4 8 is a device that fits into the opening of the body 3 1 0 to provide an outer ^. Connect to obtain equipment or test equipment (not shown). ', ° signal to As shown in Figure 21, the general of the sensor illustrated in Figure 1 5-20' ^ 彳 糸 有

94 Lu 60

V. Description of the Invention The two bodies of Λ have a group / radiation ^ 〇, 0 ^ "Of the eight outer sleeve conductors 352 of the Yakuta radial fins, one of the inner conductors interacts with the outer conductor 352 fins. For example, " ", Hino " large-area b rod-shaped carcass :: valley product, corresponding to the generation of charge density compared to the embodiment of the sleeve conductor with two stems, V-body or two concentric The fins can be of any geometric shape ('shown in Figure 22') in which the fins of the inner conductor 354 are Η "-shaped, and cooperate with the fins of the outer conductor 356. As shown in Figs. 23-27, another embodiment 3 58 includes a longitudinally tubular conductive body 360 and two end members 362 and 364, which collectively shield the external electric field. The inside is a tubular inner conductor 3 6 6 which is concentrically placed in the outer duct-like conductor 3 6 8? The contact screws 3 6 7 and 3 6 9 connect the wires to the conductors 3 6 6 and 3 68. Conductors 366 and 368 are suitable dielectric clock layers 370 on the mine to prevent the electrical conduction of conductors and fluids. The space between conductors 3 6 6 and 368 is defined as a chamber for the measurement of material samples. Measurement. The interfaces 372 and 374 are fixed to the end members 362 and 364 for fluid flow to the sensor 358. The direction is arranged perpendicular to the long axis direction of the sensor 358 to reduce the area where the conductors 3 6 and 3 6 8 are exposed to the external electric field entering through the interfaces 37 2 and 3 74. Each of the end members 362 and 364 is spherical, and a groove-shaped groove 376 is provided for fluid communication between the ports 3 72 and 374 and the chamber. The spherical system promotes the flow of fluid into and out of the sensor 3 5 8 and reduces the generation of foam to improve the accuracy of the measurement. As shown in FIG. 25, the sensor electronic component 378 is wrapped in the sensor 3 5 8. As in the other embodiments described above, the covered sensor electronic component is located in a conductor and / or protected by a shielding cover. This makes the electronic components resistant to damage from external electric fields. Two end caps 3 8 0 and 3 8 2 are end caps

Page 30 460694 V. Description of the invention (27) 3 62 and 374 and the components 378 inside the connected sensor 3 58 may include any of the above-mentioned circuit components 378. The electronic circuit. In this embodiment, the light emission is described as follows. The results of 5 kinds of electrical tests. As described below, Song Hu _ α.) The deductive 3 84 series display amount _ ^ _ Cai Yue Bu Yi 'can be used as a tool to provide 丨 丨 ΓΠ 丨 丨 Social use, That is, the measurement result of the material sample is g0-n0g0. The daily value of such a binary household is thousands; or below the set threshold to recognize Gancan> The system is not suitable for substitution. Residual in the other conventional embodiments. LED Shanghai _ League Q. j / 々 replaces the digital display and plug 386 on 364. — Japan 7 ^ 3 84 series_ similar plugs that fit 362 pieces of end parts 39〇Transfer m sensor 358 through the other end display (not shown in the figure), such as the number of pin connector 392 is fitted to the end of the opening of 3 80, is used to provide outer Qiuzhan捕 给 外 # Say the interception device or test device (: Tuheer) sfL. __ As shown in Figure 28-31 No, it is another volume sensor_, which contains a The vertical rectangular conductive body 396 is used to shield the external electric field. The conductive end parts 3 98 and 40 0 are hermetically sealed 396 to form part of the shielding. The structure of the sensor 3 94 can be immersed in the fluid to measure the fluid. (Not shown), slot-shaped interfaces 402 and 404 are located at one end of the body 396, and slot-shaped interfaces 406 and 408 are

It is a chamber located at the other end of the body 396 to allow excessive fluid flow. The chamber is defined by the space between two plate-shaped conductors 41 0 and 41 2. The contact screws 41 4 and 4 1 6 connect the wires to the conductors 4 1 0 and 4 1 2. The plates 4 1 8, 4 2 0, 422 and 424 are made of a non-conductive material to allow fluid to flow freely into and out of the chamber and the interfaces 402, 404, 406, and 408. Elastic gaskets 426, 428, and 430 are sealed between the plates 418-424 and the body 396. When the sensor 3 9 4 is immersed, the fluid flows into the inflow ports 4 2 and 4 0 4.

Page 31 46〇694 V. Description of the invention (28) When the device 3 9 4 is further immersed downward, the fluid rises in the chamber. The air is discharged from the ports 40 6 and 4 08. When the sensor is fully immersed, the fluid fills the ports 402-408 and fills the chamber completely. It can be noted that the direction of the fluid in the interface 4〇2_408 is the long axis direction of the vertical sensor 394, so that the external electric field cannot directly enter the conductors 41 0 and 4 1 2. Another advantage is that there will be no air bubbles trapped in the chamber, but it can be discharged by 406 and 408. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the sensor 394 includes the electronic component 432 which is covered in the shielding cover defined by the body 396 and the end members 398 and 400. Although it is not clearly shown, the sensor 394 has a suitable indicator, such as a digital display or an LED indicator, which can be added or replaced in other ways. Its full cable can provide the connection between the electronic component 432 and an external circuit. The same applies to the aforementioned embodiments. FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating the above system, and even includes a sensor 434 and an electronic element 436. The inductor 434 may be any one of the above or other suitable ones, as shown in the legend of FIG. 11-14, the signal generated by the 'test oscillator 438 has a frequency corresponding to the inductance value of the inductor 434. A reference oscillation cry 44 produces a signal with a predetermined reference frequency. A subtraction circuit 442 is used to subtract the test frequency signal from the reference frequency signal. A frequency counting circuit 4 4 4 generates a private display signal corresponding to the above-mentioned frequency difference. The indication signal is output by an indicator 446 in a manner suitable for a user's command, such as a digital display, one or more LEDs, a sound inverter, or other suitable device. A comparison circuit 448, as shown in Figure 11-14, compares the test frequency signal with the reference frequency signal. When the reference frequency exceeds the test frequency, the frequency counting circuit 444 is forced to zero. The above situation occurs, only air

Page 32 460694 V. Description of the invention (29)-It exists in the measuring chamber of the sensor 4 3 4. FIG. 37 is a block diagram illustrating another system, which includes a sensor 45 and an electronic component 452. FIG. The electronic component 452 includes an oscillator circuit 454 which generates a signal having a frequency corresponding to the inductance of the inductor 450, a frequency counting circuit 456 which generates a digital signal corresponding to the oscillator circuit 4 54, and an inversion of a digital conversion by a degree A digital converter (DAC) 458 converts digital signals into analog signals, a differential amplifier 460 generates a signal corresponding to a frequency difference between the converted signal and a reference voltage, and an indicator circuit 462. This system is similar to that shown, but uses a differential amplifier circuit instead of a subtraction circuit to determine the difference between the test frequency and the reference value. Although not described, a further embodiment thereof includes a comparator /, — = indicator circuit 46 2 for a differential amplifier 46 0, such as an LED circuit, which provides —indication. If the value of ^ ^ exceeds (or is equal to, or falls below) the preset reference voltage, the system can optionally include digital power ^ Another type of system includes a sensor 464 and electrical and electronic elements as shown in 38 . The shirt contains-an oscillator circuit 468 that generates 6 ° electrons 4 inductor 464 inductance, a micro-processing piano; the frequency of the weight is corresponding to the indicator circuit 474. The micro-processing is programmed with: J =, memory cut-indicator circuit 474 generated by the rotation and signal j, in order to calculate the measurement and other functions performed by the circuit. The examples are analogous. The microprocessor can use linear work, and micro processing can perform any non-linear conditions of the volume charge density. Complementary detection sensors 4 6 4 Due to the change, the microprocessor can use the compensation function / capture 'as described below. Similarly, the M supplement is caused by changes in ambient temperature.

460694 V. Description of the invention (30) Unexpected changes in measured values will be further explained as follows. Functions 476 and 478 are only a concept stored in memory 472. Those skilled in the art can write appropriate functions in the program. 32-35 and 43 illustrate another embodiment of the electronic component. The diagram "is the circuit of the description part, which is directly used as the interface of the sensor, and as described above, it is covered with the shielding part of the sensor. The circuit part is to reverse the polarity of the signal and apply to the The sensor body is opposite to the ground terminal of the outer sensor shield. A connector 480 is used as the interface between the sensor and other electronic components, such as connector 348 shown in FIG. 15 or connector 392 shown in FIG. 25. Capacitor 4 8 2 represents the capacitance value of the sensor, that is, the capacitance value defined by the two conductors and the sample of the dielectric substance or other dielectric components in between. The power (+ 5V suction ground) is provided simultaneously through the connector 48 0 To the inductor. A filter capacitor 483 is connected to the power signal (+ 5V) and ground. In the embodiment of the inductor as shown in FIG. 17, a screw 3 30 can be connected to a conductor to enhance the inductor. Resolution. On the other hand, 'the screw 3 3 0 can be connected to the ground of the base', that is, the ground potential, and the conductive shell of the sensor or the noise reduction of the system. According to traditional engineering experience, the base is grounded or Ground potential is not directly connected The above circuit is digitally grounded. The screw 3 3 0 is a shovel gold screw type to prevent clock wear. A 5 55 -type § ten o'clock chip 4 8 4 is used as a free-running vibrator. The trigger and threshold pins are connected, a capacitor 486 is connected between its control pin and ground, and a resistor 488 is connected between its discharge pin and the power supply voltage terminal (VCC). An rtD resistor 490, its resistance value The system changes with temperature 'and is connected between the discharge and the threshold end to compensate for unexpected causes.

Page 34 4 60694 V. Description of the invention (31) Changes in the measurement results due to changes in ambient temperature. The input terminal of the D-type flip-flop 492 is connected to the output terminal of the timing chip 484 through a non-conversion buffer 493, and divides the frequency of the signal into two parts. The signal and the divided signal are simultaneously transmitted to the pins of the connector 480, the latter of which is provided via a non-converted output terminal of the buffer gain 495. Via the conversion output of the buffer 495, the complementary split signal is provided to an electronic control switch chip 494 at the same time. During one cycle of this slower signal, the chip 494 is connected to one conductor (board of capacitor 482) and grounded, and is connected to the other two conductors and grounded during the next cycle. This action prevents the generation of static electricity at each end of the conductor by taking turns to ground discharge. A ground-insulated capacitor 4 9 7 insulates the inductor from low-frequency circuits. , Sensor, connector 480 can be connected to a part of an electronic component mating _, then, 496, as shown in Figure 33. Parts of this electronic component are alternately used as the interface of a suitable digital display indicator circuit via connector 498, as shown in Figure 13 and described above. FIG. 43 is an embodiment of the sensor interface circuit similar to that of FIG. 32, except that a thermistor is used instead of the RTD resistor to provide temperature compensation. As shown in Figure 32, the connector 88 is the interface of the sensor. The capacitor 882 represents the inductor =, each, a filter capacitor 883 is connected to the power supply signal (+ 5v) and 5 5 = ,. The 5 5 5 -type timing chip 884 is used as a free-running vibrator. False 4 is connected to its trigger terminal and threshold terminal, and a capacitor 8 8 6 is connected between its control ^ ^ snow ^ terminal and a resistor is connected. 88 8 DCC VCCj on its discharge terminal and its power pin, and connect another-resistor 890 connected to its discharge and threshold | Flip-flop 8 9 2 The timing input terminal is through a non-conversion buffer

Page 35 4 60694 V. Description of the invention (32) 8 9 3 The output pin of the timing chip 8 8 4 is connected and the signal frequency is divided into two. This signal and the divided signal are simultaneously transmitted to the pins of the connector 880, the latter of which is provided via a non-converted output terminal of a buffer 895. Via the conversion output of the buffer 895, the complementary split signal is provided to an electronic control switch chip 894 at the same time. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 32, during one cycle of the slower signal, the chip 894 is connected to the conductor (board of the capacitor 882) and grounded, and is connected to another conductor and grounded in the next cycle. This action is to prevent the generation of static electricity on each end of the conductor by alternately grounding the discharge. A ground-insulated capacitor 897 insulates the inductor from low-frequency circuits. Instead of the circuit shown in FIG. 32, this circuit further includes another 55. The timing chip 896 is connected to its trigger terminal and gate terminal, and connected to Γ98 between the Λ control terminal and the ground terminal, and connected to a resistor 9 0 0 for its discharge and its power supply voltage (VCC) '' And connect another—resistor 902 is connected in series with a thermistor 904 between its discharge and threshold pins, between the threshold and the ground pin. Choose, Xi φ / Ling 9 () 5 is connected to f pepper cry β, when the heart is thinking, the circuit clerk supplies a signal (" ΤΕΜρ 〇υΓΙ) to only the signal through a non-conversion button 9 08 梃. The frequency varies with the ambient temperature, and °° degree compensation is compensated. & And change k, and can be used as an inductor for the temperature, such as the use of the above oscillator to provide the rate of residual Θ phase 51 Sun 矸 ^, 太太 ^ Γ Therefore, for temperature compensation, an Α / β inversion is useful In order to track down the 哉 敏雷 卩 and the A / D inverter system, it can generate a number of broken electrical / output voltage changes 'atmospheric temperature changes during use and can be managed' It is designed on the road, such as Pursuing or advocating A / D anti-Bayan \ It is generally known to use electric circuits such as 疋 丫 to convert electric theft.

P.36 46〇694 V. Inventor (33). Please refer to FIG. 33. The 555-type timing chip 500 is used as a free-running oscillator by connecting its trigger terminal and threshold terminal, and connecting a capacitor 502 between its control terminal and ground terminal, and Connect a resistor 504 to its discharge terminal and its power supply voltage (VCC), and connect another resistor 506 between its discharge and ground terminal via a capacitor 508. The output pin of the chip 500 is connected to the timing output of two JK-type flip-flops 510 and 512. The j and κ input terminals of the flip-flop 5 10 are connected to the supply voltage, and the output (Q) is connected to the J and K input terminals of the flip-flop 512. The turn-out (Q) of the flip-flops 51 and 512 provides the time signals A and B, to the other circuits described below # 0 ~ When the signal A is a low logic value and the signal B is a high logic value, the N0R gate 5 丨 4-Triggers a pulse generator circuit including a capacitor 516 and a resistor 518. The produced I 2 pulse is detected by an edge detection circuit including a diode 52 and an inverter 522. The detected signal is used to trigger a delayed signal to suppress the main timing, within the measurement interval, and is similar to the signal 171 discussed in the embodiment of FIG. 丨. Indeed, the 555-type timing chip 524 is used as a monostable multi-variable or a click circuit in the same way as the chip 188 (Figure u) / also: one of the terminals of the electric valley 526 is connected to the threshold and trigger input , And the other terminals are grounded. The two resistors 528 and 53 are connected in series to each other between the first terminal of the capacitor 5 2 6 and the discharge of the chip 524 and the gate end of the gate. The resistor 530 is a variable resistor to facilitate the above-mentioned degree range 戽. The capacitor bay is connected between the crystal and the ground terminal. . '

46〇694

^ 〇β94 5. Description of the invention (35) ^ Another inverter 5 6 8 caused the BMS pin of this connector 4 98 to go to a high logic diagram. ^ Ϊ́ Ϊ Ϊ〗 The circuit of the indicator has not been clearly shown. reveal. However, for example, a NOR gate 570 is used to connect a flash signal ' via one of the STRs of the connector 498 to correspond to the combination of the signals AM. The display signal h ^ uses the above-mentioned flash signal corresponding to the flash signal 23 4 of FIG. 13. = Ground, when the signal A is a low logic value and B is a high logic value, the NOR gate 5 7 is known. = A signal is used to clear the display via the CLR pin of the connector 49 8. Lost: another-embodiment of the circuit of Figure / 3. In this circuit, the frequency at which the display circuit reaches the display circuit is directly proportional to the positive and negative 2 = time constant of the click circuit, but it is a frequency that intercepts the signal to provide the inductor voltage Ϊ 3 ί * The frequency of Γ ... columns in one zone. · Measurement Type 5 signal is received from the sensor via connector 572. The circuit interface of the display circuit such as the connector shown in Figure 13 is 574 ^ to the 5 5 5 -type timing chip 5 7 6 as a free-running oscillator, which is connected by its trigger end and threshold end, and A connection capacitor 5 7 8 is connected between its control terminal ^ ground terminal, and a first resistor 58 is connected to its discharge terminal and its power supply voltage (VCC) ', and another second resistor 5 8 2 is connected via a capacitor 5 84 Between it, the discharge and the ground. The reset terminal of the chip 5 7 6 is controlled by the following signal 'and its oscillator frequency is zero during the measurement. The output b of the chip 576 is connected to the timing input terminals of the two JK-type flip-flops 588 and 590 through an inverter 586. J and K of the flip-flop 5 7 8 are connected to the supply voltage ′ and the output (Q) is connected to the J and K input terminals of the flip-flop 590. The turn-out (q) of the flip-flops 5 8 8 and 5 9 0 provides the time signals a and b.

O: \ 61 \ 61417.PTD

4 60694

Other circuit components described. The other 555-type timing chip 5 92 series is similarly used as a device to generate a main timing signal, the frequency of which is higher than the induction signal of the Chenying i measurement signal: a high logic value. Its trigger is "together, and the capacitor 594 is connected to its control pin and ground." One is connected to the resistor 5 9 6 is connected between its discharge pin and the supply voltage (v⑶, and a second resistor 5 98 series is connected between capacitor and ground terminal through capacitor 600. The output pin of chip 5 92 is frequency signal, the inner pin and the three-round input terminal are-. Represents the difference between measured values 邙 觫 _

The SIG pin of 574 is provided to the display circuit via the connection I. When the signals A and B are low logic values, the NOR gate 606 sends a power 6 0 8 and the resistance 6 1 0 and 6 丨 2. Pulse generator circuit. The electric command is a pulse that includes the diode 614 and the inverter 616. The pulse signal is measured / triggered to trigger the electric power to stop the measurement period in the circuit embodiment as described above. Inside the main gas number. = 555-type timing chip 618 is used as a monostable or one-click circuit, its trigger and its threshold pins are connected together, and the capacitor terminals are connected to the threshold and discharge pins, and the other terminals are grounded. . In addition, one terminal of the capacitor 622 is connected to its control input terminal, and other terminals are connected to ground. The two resistors 624 and 6 2 6 are connected in series between the shore voltage, (VCC) and the discharge and threshold pins. Resistance; 8. The reset pin makes the timing chip 576 lost. ^ ^ ^ E18, ™: 6 2 8 of the two input terminals, which is tied by the tongue > τρ j

4 6〇β94

When the Shitian nor gastric brake 630 detects that the signal a is a high logic value and the signal B is a low logic value, the measurement interval is triggered. The output terminal of the NO R gate 6 3 0 is connected to a pulse generator circuit including a capacitor 632 and resistors 634 and 6 36. The resulting pulse is detected by an edge detection and detection circuit including a diode 638 and an inverter 640. The measured signal is connected to the gate 6 2 8 and the output terminal of the chip 6 1 8 is connected to it. · Another 5 5 5-type timing chip 642 is connected as a single pin and its gate pins, and one terminal of the capacitor 644 is at the threshold and the discharge pin, and the other terminals are Tie to ground. The terminal of the other capacitor-6 4 6 is connected to its control input terminal, and the other terminals are connected to ground. -Resistors 648 and 650 are connected in series between the supply voltage (vcc) and the discharge- and threshold pins. The resistance 650 is a variable resistance system that can gain its measurement. The output terminal of the chip 642 is connected to the first input terminal of the NOR gate 628, and is connected to the second input terminal of the NOR gate 604 via two inverters 652 and 654. ^ The second input terminal of the NOR gate 628 is connected to the pin of the connector π, which receives the measurement signal from the sensor. When the third signal received by the NOR gate 628 is a low logic value, it generates a high logic value output to actuate the timing chip 576 via a straight reset pin. The measurement signal is connected to the third input terminal of the 1 \ 1 gate 604 through an inverter 656 at the same time. The NOR gate 6 58 provides a clear signal to the display circuit via the CLR pin of the connector 574. Another N0R gate 6 6 0 provides a flash gas when the signal source is a low logic value and the signal ^ is a 咼 logic value.

460694 V. Invention Description (38). The other parts of the circuit are related to providing an error indication, as shown in Figure 33 and the embodiment described above. If the measurement signal is changed to a low logic value, a circuit including a transistor 6 6 2, a resistor 664, a capacitor 666, and an inverter 668 will make the BMS pin of connector 5 74 tend to a high logic value . If the measurement signal turns to a low logic value, a circuit including an inverter 670, a transistor 672, a resistor 674, a capacitor 67β, and an inverter 678 makes the BMK pin of the connector 498 tend to a high logic value . / Figure 35 illustrates another circuit embodiment. In this embodiment, the indicator is a non-digital display, and is produced by two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 68 and 682-4046-type phasing circuit chip 684. The differential signal. The oscillator frequency of the chip 6 & is composed of two resistors 686 and 688 connected between a set pin (R 丨) and the ground, and is pulled far-to-middle: β "at < Candi κ pin (〇 Capacitance 544. Resistance 'and variable resistance can be helpful for measurement. The control pin (CONT) is connected to the ground via the electrical connection / two phase difference ")' and-capacitor 692, the output (0UT) and comparison (COMp) pins are connected together. The measurement signal generated by Jie is available from connector 694. Bean series 2 = Signal pin (SIG) of chip 684. Generated in this phase, /, said that the crystal of 4 and the inductor produced the ‘= chip 684 ’s phase difference pin is connected to the frequency difference of the = number at the same time. Circuit of 682, which includes a transistor 696, electrician resistor 2 body 680 and inverters 7G2 and 7G4, two gates 0706 and 08, -Ray 1 at = 0, two and two resistors 14 And 7 丨 6. The difference signal-the difference between the electric body 710 and 712 _ is wrong. When the phase is wrong; pulse two is: control the transistor

Page 42 4 66944 V. Description of the invention (39) Open the photodiodes 6 80 and 6 8 2 while the others are closed. In more detail, when the frequency of the j-differential signal is greater than the frequency defined by the resistor 6 98 and the capacitor 700, the transistor 6 9 6 maintains a substantially continuous open circuit. evil. When the transistor 696 is open, the transistor 2 is turned on via the * NOR gate 706, and the light-emitting diode 6 82 is driven in turn by the resistor Π 6 in series. = The frequency of this differential signal is lower than the frequency determined by the constant when defined by resistor 698 and capacitor 700. Transistor 6 9 6 maintains substantially continuous, closed-loop complaints. The rich battery B sun body 6 9 6 is a closed circuit, which opens the transistor 710 via the ν 〇 gate 708. Transistors 71o alternately drive light emitting diodes 680 via resistors 714. The inverters 702 and 704 ensure that the two light-emitting diodes 68 and 682 — a month and a dark ° — a 555-type timing chip 718 make the light-emitting diode flash, without maintaining the 〃 light. The trigger and its threshold pins are connected together, and the capacitor 720 is connected between the control pin and the ground. A first resistor π2 is connected between its discharge pin and its power supply voltage (vcc). And one or two resistors 724 are connected between its discharge pin and the ground terminal through a capacitor 726. The output pin (0UT) of the chip 718 is a high logic frequency meter and is connected to the NOR gate 706 through an inverter 727 The other 4 rounds of rotation with 70 ° are due to the fact that, in normal operation, the material wafer 718 alternately activates the light emitting diodes. Body 6 8 0 and 682. The two light emitting diodes 68 0 and 6 82 are in an error situation. Off, however, 'Because the chip 71 8 resets and its input pin remains at a low logic level 0 when an error occurs' The timing chip 71 8 series stops or resets itself, making the light emitting diodes 6 8 0 and 6 8 2 Department is not absolutely closed circuit. — 3 this ^ Exhaust

Page 43 4 60694 V. Description of the invention (40) The error circuit of the reset pin of slice 8 is for the above purpose. This error circuit system has two R-C circuits, and its wheel output system is combined by a NO gate 728. The measurement signal received from the connector 694 is a continuous pulse. At least one output of the R_c circuit is a south logic value at any time point, and the output of the NO gate 7 2 8 is also a 咼 logic value. . The output of N0R gate 728 is connected to the reset pin of chip 718. The inverter 7 3 0 connects the measurement signal to an r _ c circuit. The R-C circuit includes a transistor 732, a resistor 734, a capacitor 736, and an inverter 738. If the measurement signal is changed to a high or low logic value, such as when the sensor fails or other errors occur, the two R_c circuits will be in a discharged state at the same time, and the output terminal of the NOR gate 728 will reset the chip 718. As shown in Figure 44-52, 'an example of another volume sensor 9 丨 〇, including: a longitudinal rectangular body 9 1 2 which is made of a non-conductive material such as plastic, f 1 is a bell conductive material 913 (see Figure 52) can be used as a shield to prevent the invasion of external electric fields. In addition, the main body 9 丨 〇 may be made of a conductive material as described above. The two end members 9 1 4 and 9 1 6 are also made of a conductive material or a material coated with a conductive layer. The closing member 912 forms a part of the shielding cover. As in the foregoing embodiment, the sensors 9 and 2 have a fluid circulation structure to facilitate the flow and the flow through the end members 914 and 916 to facilitate the measurement. The fluid flowing through the measuring cavity to which is formed by the inside of the tube body 9 2 and the two plate-shaped or rod-shaped conductors 9 18 and 9 2 0 therebetween. The tube body 922 extends between the end members 914 and 916 and is made of a non-conductor. The conductors 918 and 92 are parallel to each other and abut on the opposite side of the pipe body 922. The pipe body 9 22 has an oval cross section, and the conductors 9 18 and 920 are drilled against the flat side of the oval. The bracket is connected to the body 91. The body forms a holding tube body 922 and conductors 918 and 920. ,

Page 44 4 60694 V. Description of the invention (41) Another embodiment of FIGS. 44-52 is illustrated in FIG. 53. The structure of the body 950 is the same as the aforementioned embodiment. The outer covers 9 5 2 and 9 5 3 are formed of non-conductor, and the inner surface is plated with conductive material. The bracket structure 954 of this example is different from the aforementioned structure, and is separated from the outer covers 95 2 and 953, and is injection molded from a non-conductive material such as rigid plastic or other polymers. The support structure 954 can be inserted into the outer cover, and has a longitudinal side wall 958, and a plurality of transverse ribs 968 are extended on the side wall 958. Each rib 9 68 has all openings to accommodate one or more tubes through which material can flow. As shown in Figures 53 and 54, the tubes 970 and 971 (Figure 53 is indicated by dashed lines), and the ribs have cutouts Tethered, the support areas 972 and 973 support each tube body. As shown in Figure 50, there is an official body, and three conductor plates 974_ are provided with ^ 口 二 体 板 97 " 76 姆 m ^ " -ί i ^ f ^ 970 ^ 971 ^ ^ The 975 series snaps into the door between the tube bodies 970 and 971. Separation support area of each official body] The workshop helps maintain the stability of the conductor plate in the fixed body, and stops the swelling caused by temperature or pressure. The mechanical properties prevent the stability of the conductor. = Ten is important. For further 974-976 and PCB 978 people in the tube body 970, 9Π and conductor plate 953. After the completion, = 5 is filled with the resin 980 in the lower cover. The sensor can be used for high aS and>: 3 = increase the pressure tolerance, which should pass the test conditions of 1 000 Psi: 22 cases. The sensor can be further isolated from the external environment. Electronic selection can improve thermal insulation. California in Irvine

46〇694 V. Epoxy 1 ite Company of the invention description (42) provides the resin material suitable for the present invention. The resin material is added with fiber and is sold under the model Ε ρ ο X y 1 i t e # r 2 and catalyst ’is sold under the model i te # C321. Those skilled in the art can also choose other suitable resin components. The rib 9 6 8 provides additional stability by reducing the shrinkage of the resin 9 8 0 after loading. In another combination procedure, 'The resin can be injected into the housing through the interface after all components are installed', because it can be filled in the covers 952 and 953 to seal all components to provide stability and improve the invasion of dust or moisture. And other environmental conditions. At the same time, the support structure 9 54 makes the end part 960 abutting stably. The one-end part 9 60 shown in Fig. 5 3, the bracket 9 5 4 can be displayed more clearly. The channel 9 5 6 is formed in the bracket structure 9 5 4 to receive the edge portion 9 6 2 'of the end member 9 6 0, and the (edge portion 9 6 2 can slide into the channel 9 5 6. As shown in the figure. As shown in FIG. 5, the end part 9 601 and a circular interface 9 8 2 are arranged on the outside of the sensor. A _ technology: two. In the embodiment of the f body, the inner 9 6 4 is divided into interfaces 9 8 3, 9 84 and the tube body 97〇971 is connected. The separator 9 86 shown in FIG. 56 is connected to D QQ〇 / looking inside the sensor. $ Σ 982 6 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the end member 9 6 0 to provide electrical channels, which include an electrostatic discharge device, which can eliminate the static electricity generated in the rapid flow, and for materials containing conductive materials, t Problems with the flow of the tube, the substance has a low overall inductance. Static electricity can be caused by the electrical system ~ discharge 'caused prominent signals, inaccurate measurement signals, ^ bad sensor in the sensor. One or more electrostatic discharge The conductor can be electrically damaged to the extent possible (the measured substances' each include a conductive button 9 9 0 or other extensions 4 boring holes 9 6 6 as required to enter the end member 9 6 The fluid of 〇 can extend through the tunnel.

460694 V. Description of the Invention (43) In the embodiment, a conductive button 99o is placed in the reactor which senses this static electricity and can be discharged to the sense when the material flows in and out = burdock. In the embodiment of the sensor, Department of the two above-mentioned guide button '" Erbu. In the connection in Figure 5 ... each interface provides a single button; there are more with four discharge buttons. Please refer to FIG. 56. The electric wire system is connected to the first end of the button 99 in a conventional manner. ^ Connect or /, he-,. > ^ I ,: ί " so that static electricity can be eliminated harmlessly. Due to the guide button θ 4 J body ’, the material of the conductive button is blunt relative to the fluid :: Γ ΐ; materials such as gold, recording, or turning are also suitable. In the preferred embodiment, the conductive button 990 is made of copper waste and is plated with gold. A 〇ring 995 or other sealing device can be placed on the periphery of the conductive button 99 to seal and prevent objects.

t988 leaked. —Non-conducting, thermally and electrically conductive cymbals / plugs 9 8 9 are connected in the bore 966 and placed on top of the conductive buttons 9 90 to fix the conductive buttons ^. The central opening in the plug 989 allows the wires to be installed and connected to the pCB temperature compensation circuit, which can reduce the drift of measurement results caused by changes in the environment and material temperature. The actual compensation is performed by the sensor's microprocessor or other aforementioned controller. As shown in Figure 56, the conductive button 990 is hollow, which can add additional measurement capabilities to the thermal sensor. The thermistor 996 is a device for conventional commercial applications, which can be installed inside the hollow interior of the conductive button 990 to take advantage of the thermal conductivity of the conductive coating of the conductive button 990. The thermistor 9 9 6 is sealed with a thermally conductive resin "7 or other thermally conductive material, and the center of the hole of the plug 9 8 9 above the thermally conductive resin is interposed between the conductive circuit and the circuit on the inductor circuit board. Interline

460694 V. Description of the invention (44) Non-conductive and non-conductive resin 998 or other sealing materials to prevent heat or electricity from leaking out of the path other than the thermistor 9 8 8. A single thermistor can provide the necessary information and can be installed in the inlet or outlet interface. However, multiple thermistors can be used in different interfaces. The above-mentioned configuration of installing a thermistor in a fluid device is not intended to limit the application of the volume charge density measurement device ', but is applied to other fluid mass measurement farms. In the embodiment described above, the sensor 910 includes electronic components in a printed circuit board 924, which can be installed in a sheltered space defined by the body 912 and the end members 914 and 916 at the same time. Although not clearly shown in the figure, the sensor 9 j 0 is acceptable. It has 5 suitable indicators, such as a digital display or a light-emitting diode. It can be added or interchanged, and it has a cable to provide electrical connection between the circuit board 924 and external circuits. example. The connector 926 on the circuit board 924 extends through the body 912 for the above purpose. The important feature of this embodiment is that the electrical connection between the circuit board 924 and the conductors 918 and 920 is achieved by two tabs 928 and 930, which are integrally formed on the conductors 918 and 920. The tabs 928 and 930 are directly soldered into the plated holes of the circuit board 924 in a conventional manner. Not only can this configuration improve the economic benefits of manufacturing to avoid the use of redundant wires, but it can also provide coexistence of various electronic characteristics when manufacturing the inductor. Manufacturing wires with varying lengths or locations connected to the sensor's conductors and the electronic components of the sensor will cause measurement changes. The configuration of the present invention can overcome this potential problem by the uniform length and position of the tabs 928 and 930. The method of compensation, compensation and measurement can use the electronic circuit as shown in Figure 40. The implementation of this method is better than the initial measurement. For example, it can be executed when the system is manufactured

Page 48 4 60 694 V. Description of the invention (45) The system precedes manufacturing. In practice, the system is designed for special applications, such as measuring oil to measure water. Steps 748, 750, 752, and 754 are about calculating the compensation function to compensate for temperature changes or non-linear responses. Step 75 8, 7, 60, 7 Two-point measurement method. Jiuze system: in m48,-a material sample system whose volume charge density is known, which is connected to the circuit by corresponding different sensors and circuit implementations. In step 750, the output of the circuit refers to the non-volume charge density, and the recording ratio ^ = data points need to be collected, then select step 748 to start another procedure. Based on the response of the linear sensor, the collected data points are the # 1 2 Λ α curve. The other parameters of the compensation function are fixed constants. When calculating the compensation function of the sensor non-linearity, the value of 222 in f will be used. When all the data points have been collected, they are calculated in step 754. —Software tool MATHCAD is used to calculate the function. This function-once the calculation is completed: Figure 3 8 can be divided into pieces or can be programmed into the microprocessor, as shown in Figure 38 and described below. Rong ‘Snow 2 3: The program starts at step 75 8. In step 758 '-Known = The material sample is placed in the sensor. -Generally, the minimum production of this sample is Λ adjusted so that the indicator reads at the minimum scale, such as the minimum scale is zero parts per million). As mentioned above, this adjustment can

Page 49 94 4606

V. Description of the invention (46) __

For example, to adjust the value contained in the external A piece: the reference oscillator or other suitable element sample in step 762 is placed in the value of the second substance whose volume charge density is known in Ganmaning. In step 76, Circuit 2—Generally, the sample represents the maximum height (PPM) of the measurement, such as one million ^ 糸 5 weeks to make its indicator readings at the maximum rounding can be fixed by the concentration contained in the two lightning cases. ⑹ 上 所As mentioned above, this is an adaptive component. The gain or delay oscillator of the adjacent power supply or other embodiments in accordance with the above, it is prepared from 1 m θ and is not limited to the measurement d can be used to measure any suitable Values 'Latest use of sensors' in ppm or other units). Flow-through material samples are relative to the flow rate of the deer / tester. When measuring the concentration, it will affect the measurement results. The chamber of the state is at a constant speed, because the change in speed has been changed due to the proper production. The reason is that the sensor only needs 7ee t to measure the fluid. ^-^ ^ ^ Through the sensor. The fluid sample in the step is at a constant speed, such as zero, which is the minimum, that is, the sound r A V will be engraved, and the circuit system will be adjusted so that the scale of the indicator is known. The volume charge density is two: ^ = m (_GpM). In step m reactor. In step 772, the sense of passage is large at 7 ', at the first fixed speed, that is, the circuit system of Γ82 is adjusted so that the scale of the indicator is as shown in FIG. 39 ::; Flow measurement program 1 flow rate J package: two before, principle 776, two vibrator circuit m and 78, one subtractor y reactor 774 and ΐ = 84: wide indicator circuit 786. Inductive speed The sensor 776 receives fluid at a constant speed.

Page 50 46U694 5. Description of the invention (47) Degree of intrusion into fluid. The oscillator circuit 778 generates a reference frequency corresponding to the inductance of the inductor 774. The oscillator circuit 78 generates a test frequency corresponding to the inductance of the inductor 776. As in the above circuit embodiment, the 'subtraction circuit 782 generates a difference between the representative test frequency and the reference frequency value. The frequency counting circuit 784 converts the frequency to a digital value and provides it to the indicator circuit 786 for display. The measurement system of the present invention can be concluded with reference to FIG. 42. In step 788 of the system, the sensor and the circuit are included, and the frequency corresponding to the inductance of the sensor is measured, which is a response to the volume charge density (and / or velocity) of the material sample in the measurement chamber. In step 79, the frequency value measured by the system compensates for the change of the ambient temperature with a suitable mathematical program. In step 792, the measurement or test frequency is subtracted from the reference frequency. The subtraction method is a convenient term. Any suitable circuit for determining the difference between the measurement frequency and the reference frequency can be used, including Microprocessor to differential amplifier to D-type circuit. At step 794, the test frequency is determined by whether the test frequency is greater than the reference frequency. If t is greater than, at step 7 9 6 the value * is provided to the pointer to prevent it :: otherwise, the display will be fixed to. If it is not greater than, the 糸 system in: 8 will compensate the non-linear change frequency with the appropriate mathematical formula. In step 80 °, the difference between the test and the reference frequency is provided to the indicator. The indication is not originally displayed in "GO / NO-GO" or other suitable display. The 5 system can be used for a variety of purposes, including the range of applications for measuring fluids: speed, daggers, and other systems. For example, it can contract labor, pure water treatment systems to oil or gas pipeline monitoring in refineries.

Page 460694

Page 52

Claims (1)

460694 VI. Patent application scope Continuity sample 5. If there is an application-specific component in the terminal connection, a ground potential and a conductor are connected to the conductive extension with a first end to charge to the connection to ground The second end of the conductor of potential. The sensor according to item 4 of the invention, wherein the sensor and each end member has a conductive extension connected to the device. 6. The sensor according to item 4 of the patent application scope, wherein the conductive extension includes a Thermally conductive material, and further comprising: a hollow interior, the connecting wires; a hollow bore, a boring in the end, a terminal; a circuit to provide a shaft further including the at least one tube rib To the side wall, each rib structure has at least two electrical conductors. > Further includes a lesser part of the tree. Wherein the at least one and three conductors are connected to a thermistor, the thermistor placed on the conductive extension has a first end and a second end and includes a thermally conductive substance placed on the conductive extension To hold the first end of the thermistor; and a thermally insulating substance placed on top of the thermally conductive substance to isolate heat from the second end of the thermistor from the first of the second of the thermistors The terminal is connected to the signal representing the temperature of the substance sample. 7. The sensor support structure according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, which is placed in the housing to support and the pair of electrical conductors. The support structure includes a plurality of ribs extending from the side walls. All the mouths are used to provide lateral support. The mouth is used to receive the at least one tube body and the sensor grease material described in item 7 of the scope of the patent application, which is filled in the support structure and the casing to 9 The sensor tube body described in item 1 of the patent application includes two tube bodies, and the at least two electrical conductors include O: \ 61 \ 61417.PTD Page 54 460694 6. The scope of the patent application includes an inner conductor placed between the two tubes and a „_„ β β-entering body 10 placed outside the one tube. The induction as described in item 9 of the scope of the patent application State, the respective mouth and outlet are connected to the end piece of the inlet and the end of the outlet ^ The inlet end piece has a shaft hole system for guiding the substance 7 from the outside of the housing into the two pipes. Plus # 11 As in the inductive state described in item 10 of the scope of the patent application, the different T · component has a bore, which is the axis of the vertical end component, and includes a dream. A conductive extension is placed in the hole for use In order to contact the material sample of the shaft hole f, a conductor is connected to the conductive extension with a first end to conduct the charge in the material sample to the second end of the conductor, and the second The end is connected to a ground potential. 1 2. The inductor according to item 11 of the scope of patent application, wherein the conductive extension includes a thermally conductive material, and further includes: a thermistor placed on the conductive In the hollow interior of the extension, the thermistor has a first One end and a second end include a connected wire; a thermally conductive substance is placed in the hollow interior of the conductive extension to hold the first end of the thermistor; and a thermally insulating substance is placed in the A wall on the top of the thermally conductive substance to isolate heat from the second end of the thermistor from the first end is a signal in which the second end of the thermistor is connected to the sample temperature of the substance in the meter.糸 It is used to provide the sensor as described in item 9 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a 460694 6. A patent-supporting support structure, which is placed in the housing to support the pipe body and three electrical conductors, respectively. The support structure includes an axial side wall with a plurality of ribs, and the ribs extend on Between the side walls is used to provide lateral support, and each rib structure has all mouths for receiving the at least one tube body, the two tube bodies and three electrical conductors. 14. The sensor according to item 13 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a resin material, which is filled in a part of the casing and the supporting structure. Page 56