經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（1) 範圍 本發明係關於析出硬化不銹鋼，特別是由提供強度、加 工性能、延性及機械加工性能之獨特組合之含硫析出硬化 不銹鋼之粉末冶金物件。本發明亦關於一種製造該粉末冶 金不銹鋼物件之方法》 發明背景 硫用於許多形式之不銹鋼中以提供改良之機械加工性能 。然而，典型上已不使用明顯量之硫増強高強度、析出硬 化不銹鋼，因爲這樣水平之硫在時效硬化條件下不利地影 I這類鋼之加工性能及其延性。此處及整篇説明書中「加 工性能」一詞指鋼受熱.加工及/或冷加工至要求之剖面大 小而不受明顯之損壞（即破裂、撕裂等）等能力。對比已知 等級之這類鋼更佳之機械加工性能但亦提供足夠之加工性 能讓其形成小直徑之線的高強度、析出硬化不銹鋼之需求 已提高。該鋼提供至少與已知等級的高強度、析出可硬化 不銹鋼相當之強度及延性组合亦爲適當的。 發明概要 已知鑄造及鍛造級高強度、析出硬化不銹鋼之缺點藉根 據一項本發明觀念之粉末冶金物件克服至相當大之程度。 在這本發明之觀點中，粉末冶金物件之限制條件爲由具有 下面表1陳述之寬廣、中間及較佳的重量百分比组成之析 出硬化不銹鋼合金粉末组成。 -4 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） :-------------裝'---r—^---訂—-------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Δ- 3 ο 6 d A7B7 五、發明說明（2) 表1 寬廣 中間 A 中間 B 較佳的 A 較佳的 B C 最大0.03 最大0.03 最大0.03 最大0.015 最大0.015 Μη 最大1.0 最大1.0 最大1.0 最大0.30 最大0.15 Si 最大0,75 最大0‘75 最大0.75 最大0.30 最大0.15 P 最大α 040 最大0.040 最大0.040 最大0.010 最大0.010 S 0.010-0.050 0,020-0.040 0.020-0.040 0.020-0.030 0.020-0.030 Cr 10-14 10-13 10-13 11.0-12.0 11.0-12.0 Ni 6-12 8-10 10.5-11.6 8.0-8.8 10.8-11.3 Ti 0.4-2.5 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 Mo 最大6 最大0.50 0.25-1.5 最大0,30 0.8-1.1 B 最大0.010 最大0.010 最大0.010 最大0.0035 0.0015-0.0035 Cu 最大4 1.5-2.6 最大0.75 1.8-2.5 最大0Λ0 Co 最大9 最大0.75 .最大0.75 最大0.10 最大0.10 Nb 最大1 0.10-0.50 最大0‘3 0.20-0.30 最大0.10 A1 最大1 最大0.25 最大0.25 最大0.05 最大0,05 Ta 最大2.5 最大0.3 最大0.3 最大0.10 最大0.10 N 最大0.03 最大0.03 最大0.03 最大0.010 最大0.010 合金粉末之其餘部份基本上爲鐵及在作爲相同或相似用途 '----------------- (請先閒讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 之相同或相似等級之鋼中見到之一般雜質.。根據本發明粉 末冶金物件藉合併該金屬粉至完全緊密形成且其特徵爲良 好分散主要尺寸不大於約5微米之硫化物粒子。 根據本發明之另一觀念，提供一種由金屬粉末製造析出 硬化之方法。這方法包括熔化具有上面陳述之重量百分比 之析出硬化不錄鋼合金之步驟。之後霧化溶融合金形成微 細合金粉末。熱合併合金粉末形成中間之物件且機械加工 中間物件以形成金屬線。 前面之表提供作爲便利之概要且不打算藉以限制互相結 合使用之個別範圍之下及上限，或限制互相結合單獨使用 -5- 線. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） Λ6 03^ aPrinted by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Scope The present invention relates to precipitation-hardening stainless steel, especially sulfur-containing precipitation hardening which provides a unique combination of strength, processability, ductility and machinability. Powder metallurgy of stainless steel. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the powder metallurgy stainless steel object. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Sulfur is used in many forms of stainless steel to provide improved machinability. However, a significant amount of sulphur is typically not used for high strength, precipitation hardened stainless steels, because such levels of sulphur adversely affect the processability and ductility of this type of steel under age hardening conditions. The term "machining properties" here and throughout the specification refers to the ability of the steel to be heated, machined, and / or cold worked to the required profile size without significant damage (ie, cracking, tearing, etc.). The demand for high-strength, precipitation-hardening stainless steels that have better machinability than known grades of this grade but also provide sufficient workability to allow them to form small diameter wires has increased. It is also appropriate that the steel provide a combination of strength and ductility at least comparable to known grades of high strength, precipitation hardenable stainless steel. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The shortcomings of known high strength, precipitation hardened stainless steels of the cast and forged grades are overcome to a considerable extent by powder metallurgical articles according to one inventive concept. In the point of view of the present invention, the powder metallurgy article is limited in that it consists of a precipitation hardened stainless steel alloy powder having a broad, intermediate, and preferred weight percentage composition as set forth in Table 1 below. -4-This paper size is in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 χ 297 mm): ------------- Packing '--- r — ^ --- Order— ------- Line (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Δ- 3 ο 6 d A7B7 V. Description of the invention (2) Table 1 Broad middle A Middle B Better A Better BC 0.03 max.0.03 max.0.03 max.0.015 max. 0.015 Μη max. 1.0 max. 1.0 max. 1.0 max. 0.30 max. 0.15 Si max. 0, 75 max. 0'75 max. 0.75 max. 0.30 max. 0.15 P max. -0.050 0,020-0.040 0.020-0.040 0.020-0.030 0.020-0.030 Cr 10-14 10-13 10-13 11.0-12.0 11.0-12.0 Ni 6-12 8-10 10.5-11.6 8.0-8.8 10.8-11.3 Ti 0.4-2.5 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 Mo max 6 max 0.50 0.25-1.5 max 0,30 0.8-1.1 B max 0.010 max 0.010 max 0.010 max 0.0035 0.0015-0.0035 Cu max 4 1.5-2.6 max 0.75 1.8-2.5 Max 0Λ0 Co Max 9 Max 0.75 .Max 0.75 Max 0.10 Max 0.10 Nb Max 1 0.10-0.50 Max 0'3 0.20-0.30 Max 0.10 A1 Max 1 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.05 max 0,05 Ta max 2.5 max 0.3 max 0.3 max 0.10 max 0.10 N max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.010 max 0.010 The rest of the alloy powder is basically iron and is used for the same or similar purpose '----------------- (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order the same or similar grade printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Common impurities seen in steel ... The powder metallurgical article according to the present invention incorporates the metal powder to completely compact and is characterized by well dispersed sulfide particles having a main size of not more than about 5 microns. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing precipitation hardening from metal powder is provided. This method includes the step of melting a precipitation hardened non-steel alloy having the weight percentages stated above. After that, the molten gold is atomized to form a fine alloy powder. The alloyed powder is thermally combined to form an intermediate object and the intermediate object is machined to form a metal wire. The preceding table provides a summary as a convenience and is not intended to limit the individual ranges below and the upper limit for combined use, or to restrict the use of separate 5-line. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) Λ6 03 ^ a
五、發明說明（ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 小範園。如此’可使用-或多個範園與-或多個北餘 *其他範圍…卜’可使用寬廣、中間或較佳的組成 (-種元素的最]、或最大値與另—較佳或中間组成中相同 元素之最，】、或最大値。此處及整個説明書，除非另外指明 ，「百分比」一詞或「％」符號指重量百分比。 詳細敘述 用於根據本發明之粉末冶金物件之析出硬化不錄鋼含有 至少約1G%之格’ &以至少_ Q%之路較佳以利於抗腐 蚀。過多之鉻對合金之相平衡有不利之影響且當合金經溶 液處理時可導致非要求量之肥粒鐵之形成及過量之殘留沃 斯田鐵。因此，限制格不超過約14%，不超過約13%較佳 ’而以不超過約12.0%更佳。 至少約6 %而以至少約8 %之鎳存在用於本發明粉末冶金 物件之合金中較佳。最高約4%，以至少約丨5%較佳而仍 以至少約1.8%之銅可與鎳一同存在更佳。鎳和銅皆在淬火 合金形成麻田散鐵前溶液處理中促成穩定沃斯田鐵結構之 形成。鎳及銅亦促成合金之靭性及抗腐蝕性，而铜有益於 &金之時效硬化反應。限制鎳不超過約12 %且銅不超過約 2.6%因爲太多鎳及銅當合金經溶液處理時對合金之要求相 平衡有不利之影響並造成過量殘留沃斯田鐵之形成。較佳 地，限制本發明中使用之合金粉末中鎳不超過約〗〇0/。且以 不超過約8.8%較佳，而限制銅不超過約2.5%。 合金中可存在高至約6 %鉬因爲其促成合金之延性及靭 性。鉬亦有益於在還原媒中及促進孔蚀及應力腐餘破裂之 -6 " 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4规袼（210 X 297公釐） --------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 --------B7 _ _ 五、發明說明（4 ) 一 ' 承兄中之合金的抗腐蝕力。限制合金中鉬不超過約〇 而 以不超過約0.30%較佳因爲太多對合金之相平衡有不利之0影 響，即其導致非要求之肥粒鐵形成及過量之殘量沃斯田鐵。 至少約0.4%而以至少約1〇%之鈦存在合金中較佳以藉結 合可用之鎳在時效硬化合金時以形成富鎳_鈦之沈澱物提 供硬度及強度。鈦亦與硫結合形成有益於根據本發明粉末 /口金物件之機械加工性能之微細硫化鈦。太多之鈥對合金 之靭性及延性有不利之影響。因此，在根據本發明之粉末 冶金物件中限制鈦不超過約2.5%，以不超過約1.5%較佳， 而以不超過約14%更佳。 在本發明使用之合金中可存在高至約1%鈮以利於靭性 及時效硬化反應。因此目的’合金含有至少約0· 1 〇❶/。而以至 少約0.20〇/〇之說較佳。太多之說對合金之相平衡有不利之影 響’產生殘留之沃斯田鐵。因此，限制鈮不超過約〇 5〇0/〇 而以不超過約0.30%較佳。 除了根據本發明粉末冶金物件提供之機械加工性能及加 工性能之合適組合，強度、切口靭性及抗應力腐蝕破裂能 力之獨特組合藉平衡不同於元素鎳、銅、鉬、鈦及鈮之上 述範園完成。至終，至少約10.5 %，較佳爲至少約1 〇.8 %之 鎳’至少約0.25 %，較佳爲至少約0.8 %之鉬，及至少約 1.5 %之鈦存在於合金粉末。當未適當平衡鎳、銅、鉬、鈦 及鈮時，合金使用傳統熱處理技術完全轉變成麻田散鐵結 構之能力受抑制。更進一步地，合金基本上完全殘留麻田 散鐵之能力當經溶液處理及時效硬化時受破壞。在這類條 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --------------裝---------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Z16 03 ^ ^ a? _____B7 五、發明說明（5 ) 件下根據本發明粉末物件之強度明顯減少。因此，限制鎳 不超過約11.6%而以不超過約11.3%較佳。限制銅不超過約 0.75%而以不超過約0.10。/。較佳。限制鉬不超過约1.5%而以 不超過約1.1 %較佳，且限制鈦不超過約2.0%而以不超過約 1.8%較佳，及限制鈮不超過約0.3%而以不超過約0.10%較 佳。 至少約0.010%而以至少約0.020%之硫存在本發明粉末冶 金物件中較佳。硫結合可用之鈦形成提供增加機械加工性 能之極細硫化物之分佈，但在時效硬化條件下其對材料之 加工性能或其靭性及延性沒有不利之影響。典型上，根據 本發明形成之物件含有基本上均句分散之主要尺寸不大於 5微米之硫化鈦粒子。此非常微細之硫化鈦粒子有益於材 料之機械加工性能，但不減損材料之熱及冷加工性能。太 多硫最後不利地影響加工性能及靭性。因此，在根據本發 明粉末冶金物件中限制硫不超過約0.050%，以不超過約 0.040%較佳而以不超過約〇 030%更佳。 在本發明粉末冶金物件中可存在高至約1%鋁及高至約 2.5%钽，因爲當該物件受時效硬化時有益於其強度及硬度 。過量之鋁及钽對物件之延性及加工性能有不利之影響， 且過量之鋁對其機械加工性能有不利之影響《因此，鋁限 制在不超過約0.25°/。較佳而钽限制在不超過約0.30%較佳。 爲了最佳之延性及加工性能，限制鋁不超過約0.05%且Ρ艮 制鉅不超過約〇.〗〇%。 在本發明粉末冶金物件中限制碳及氮，因爲其與一或多 -8 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準規格（21〇 X 297公釐） ^^1 ^^1 ^1« n ^^1 J 1 J ] « An n ^^1 a^i B^i B^i ^if I. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智*財產局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 ________Β7___ 五、發明說明（6 ) 種元素鈦、鈮及钽形成碳化物、氮化物及/或碳氮化物， 這些產物對粉末冶金物之機械加工性能有不利之影響s因 此之故限制碳不超過約〇 〇3〇/。，以不超過約〇 〇丨5%較佳，而 限制氮不超過約0.03%，以不超過約0.010%較佳。 可存在高至約9 %之鈷取代一部份之鎳以利於本發明粉 末冶金物件之相平衡及靭性。更典型地，限制鈷不超過約 0.75%而以不超過約〇 10%較佳，因爲其通常比鎳貴。可存 在高至0.010%之硼因爲其促進根據本發明粉末冶金物件之 熱加工性能及在時效硬化條件中物件之延性及靭性。爲了 這樣之目的存在至少約〇 0015%之硼較佳3限制硼不超過約 0.003 5 %較佳、 本發明粉末冶金物件中可存在因熔化合金時製造之去氧 化條件殘留之高至約10。/。錳及高至約〇 75〇/。矽。限制錳及 矽各不超過約0.30%較佳，而以各不超過约〇15%更佳，因 爲其可不適當地影響合金之相平衡及粉末冶金物件提供性 質之適當組合。 合金之其餘部份基本上爲鐵，除了在打算作相似用途之 商業級鋼中見到之一般雜質之外。在這類雜質中爲磷，限 制在不超過約0 040 %，以不超過約〇 〇〗〇%較佳，因爲對根據 本發明製造物件之機械性質有不利之影響，特別是靭性。 根據本發明之粉末冶金物件由熔化上述合金之熱處理物 裝k。熔化以在氬氣分壓下由眞空感應熔化（VIM)實行較 佳β熔融之合金在霧化室中霧化（與氬氣較佳）並在氬氣覆 i下冷卻以防止合金粉末粒子之表面氧化。冷卻後，合金 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國(210 X 297 ΤΓ) 裝---.--.---訂---------線 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 46 03 4 1 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（7 粉末過篩分級至要求之大小並可與其他要求组成之粉末之 :處理物攙混以提供均勾之混合物。最大粉末粒子太小當 合金粉末非常乾淨時（即極少雜質）可高至約-40網目（420微 米）。較佳地’使用約_8_目（177微米）之粒子大小以減少 粗糙雉H之數目。爲了最好之結果，粉末過篩分級至約 100、’·罔目（149微米）。在過篩及攙混後’將合金粉末載入合 通（鋼容器中。容器材料以T3G4不錄鋼較佳，⑮亦可由敕 鋼製造。合金粉末在室溫載入容器中。容封之前，充滿之 各器抽興芏至小於1毫米汞柱並在至少約25〇T(i2rc )而以 約4〇0 F(2〇4:C )較佳之提高溫度下以由小罐移除氧及任何 水氣亦可利用高至約21〇crF(U4yc)之溫度以使移除之水 氣最大化。 '之後密封並热合併容器提供基本上完全緊密之壓緊物。 較佳之熱合併法爲熱等靜壓（HIp)，其在約2〇〇〇_22〇〇下 (1093-12G4°C)之範圍内之溫度及在足以確保鍵結粉末粒子 之壓力下，以在約15 ksi( 103百萬帕）下較佳執行約4小時。 可視HIP容器之能力及要求之循環時間利用其他之壓力及 時間週期。選擇HIP循環提供至少约94_95%之理論密度之 壓緊物，即不具有本質上相連之孔。 之後HIP壓緊物藉如熱軋_鍛造或壓緊熱加工以形成之後 進一步熱軋形成桿之棒。在約2〇〇〇_2ι〇〇τ(1〇93-ΐι49χ')之溫 度只行熱加工及/或熱軋。在熱軋後之一些點上，由容器 形成之不銹鋼墊藉任何適當之方法（如削）移去。 桿可藉種種方法加工成中間之再抽絲。在—較佳方法中 -10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） ---.----------裝---K-----訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之d意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 46 0341 五、發明說明（8) ，熱軋桿如下面所述經溶液處理，隨後削薄龙抛光。當物 件由具表1中合金A组成之合金粉末形成時，在約14〇〇、 1600°F(760-871°C )整批溶液退火約1/4〜2小時隨後在水中 淬火較佳。當物件由具表1中合金B組成之合金粉末形成 時’在約1700- 1900°F(927-1038°C )整批溶液退火約1小時隨 後在水中淬火較佳。由具合金B組成之合金粉末製造之物 件在淬火後受深冷處理較佳。以進—步發展這物件之特徵 的高強度。深冷處理冷卻合金至有效低於麻田散鐵結束溫 度之溫度以確保完全之麻田散鐵變態並將殘留之沃斯田鐵 最小化。當使用時，深冷處理由冷卻合金至約_100T(_73〇c )或更低約1至8小時構成’時間視物件之剖面大小而定。 深冷處理之需要部份視合金之麻田散鐵結束溫度而定。若 麻田散鐵結束溫度夠高，由沃斯田鐵至麻田散鐵之變態將 繼續進行至完成而不需要深冷處理s 在另一種方法中，熱軋桿受削薄及拋光之後過度時效以 防止在酸清潔或冷加工中破裂。過度時效處理由在足以將 材料置於過度時效條件中之溫度加熱材料所構成。已藉在 約1150°F ( 621X：)過度時效最多4小時後後在空氣中冷卻得 到結果。之後样做冷加工，以拉伸較佳，形成中等大小之 絲。在最初之冷加工後，中等之絲受溶液退火。 揲論何種製造中等溶液退火再抽絲之方法，絲受進一步 拉伸或冷加工以形成較小之剖面大小。可在連績之縮減間 應用中間退火處理。之後絲形成有用產物之形式。例如， 根據本發明製備之絲特別適合製造外科用針。此針容易穿 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 x 297公釐------- -·—--*1! —-------*---------訂--1 I I I I-- {靖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I} 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 46 0341 at ___ B7 五、發明說明（9) 孔以附帶缝線材料^不管最終產物之形式，其經時效硬化 達到要求之高強度。時效硬化藉在適當之時效溫度加熱產 物適量之時間隨後在空氣中冷卻進行較佳。較佳之時效溫 度在約SOO-HOOTaZT-MYC)之範園内較佳。當物件維持在 溫度4小時時已得到良好之結果a 實例 爲證明根據本發明製造之粉末冶金物件提供性質之獨特 組合’絲由具有下面表2中陳述之重量百分比成份之四合 金形成。 表2 元素 實例I 實例2 熱處理A 熱處理B C 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.012 Μη 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Si 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 P 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.006 S 0.027 0.0209 0.109 0.0751 Cr 11.42 11.60 11.48 11.60 Ni 8.26 11.07 8.33 11.04 Mo 0,02 0.95 0.02 0—95 Cu 2.16 0.01 2.17 <0.01 Ti 1.12 1.51 1.10 1.51 Nb 0.23 0.01 0.23 0.01 N 0.0018 0.0010 0.0019 0.0021 0 0.0242 0.0241 0.0243 0,0382 B 0.0019 0.0028 0.0021 0.0030 A1 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 實例1及2與比較熱處理a及B之300磅（標稱）熱處理物 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） ---.-------------^-------------- ί靖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 46 03 4 1 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（1Q) 在氬之部份壓力下眞空感應熔化β每一熱處理物在霧化室 中以氬氣霧化並在氬氣氛中冷卻。各熱處理物粉末過篩分 級至-100網目、攙混並在空氣中充填至8 圓Τ304不銹鋼罐 中。充滿之小罐抽眞空至小於1毫米Hg、在400Τ ( 204°C )加 熱之後密封。之後每一小罐在2050T ( 112TC )及15 ksi( 103 百萬帕）HIP 4小時形成標稱7.2吋（18.3釐米）直徑壓緊物。 實例1及熱處理A之HIP壓緊物由2100下（1149°C )之溫度 迴轉鍛造成至4.25吋（10.8釐米）直徑之圓棒。實例2及熱處 理6之沿？壓緊物由2000°?(1〇93°(：)之溫度迴轉鍛造成4,25对 (10‘8釐米）直徑之圓棒。在1148T ( 620°C )加熱圓棒4小時 時效之後在'空氣中冷卻。實行過時效操作防止在磨耗切割 時棒之破裂。之後實例1及熱處理A之棒由2100T ( 1149°C ) 熱軋成0.2656吋（6.75毫米）桿而實例2及熱處理B之棒由 2000°F ( 1093eC )熱軋成相同之大小=每一熱處理物之桿材 料削薄並抛光至0.244对（6.2毫米）直徑移去不銹鋼整，在 1148T ( 620°C )過時效4小時並在空氣中冷卻，之後以酸清 潔。之後每一熱處理之桿冷拉伸至0.218吋（5.5毫米）直徑之 絲之在眞空中溶液退火。實例1及熱處理A之絲在1508°F (820°C )溶液退火2小時並以水淬火。實例2及熱處理B之絲 在1796°F ( 980°C )溶液退火1小時，以水淬火，在-100T (-73 C )深冷8小時’之後在空氣中回溫。之後所有之絲以酸清 潔。 每一熱處理之絲冷拉伸至〇.154吋（3.9毫米）直徑圓之後股 退火。實例1及熱處理A之絲的股退火在i750°F(954°C )每分 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中圉固家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐〉 III, — i— — ! — — — — . I — I I t — I 訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 46 03 4 1 A7 五、發明說明（11) 鐘8叹（fpm) ( 2,4公尺/分鐘）之輸送速率下進行。實例2及熱 處理B之絲的股退火在i9〇〇T(1〇38«c )每分鐘8呎（2.4公尺/ 分鐘）之輸送速率下進行。之後各熱處理之絲冷拉伸至 0,128付(3.25 mm)直徑圓，隨後股清潔。 在加工這些熱處理物時未遇到如破裂或撕裂之問題。實 例1及2之絲進一步受冷拉伸至〇 〇24吋（〇 6毫米）直徑圓之 絲而無明顯問題。然而，熱處理A及B之絲當受相似量之 冷拉伸時經歷破裂。如此，其顯示含約〇1 %硫之高強度析 出硬化不銹鋼合金形成之粉末冶金物件當受重冷拉伸時不 提供適當的加工性能β 已應用t項目及解釋作爲敘述用語而非限制，且不打算 使用這類項目及解釋排除與所示及敘述之特徵或其部份之 任何相等者，但認定種種修正在申請專利範園中爲合理的 ----------— I— ----_-----訂-----I I--線 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本5) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -14- 本紙張尺錢时酬家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱）V. Description of the invention (Small Fan Garden printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In this way, 'usable-or multiple fan gardens and-or multiple Beiyu * other areas ... Bu' can be used broad, middle or better (-Most element of the element), or the largest element of the same element in another or better or intermediate composition,], or the largest element. Here and throughout the specification, unless otherwise specified, the word "percent" or The "%" symbol refers to a weight percentage. Detailed description of the precipitation hardening steel for powder metallurgy articles according to the present invention contains at least about 1G% of the grid '& The path of at least _Q% is better to facilitate corrosion resistance. Too much Chromium has an adverse effect on the phase balance of the alloy and can lead to the formation of non-required amounts of ferrous iron and excessive residual Wastfield iron when the alloy is treated with a solution. Therefore, the limit is not more than about 14%, not more than About 13% is preferred, and more preferably not more than about 12.0%. At least about 6% and at least about 8% of nickel is present in the alloys used in the powder metallurgy article of the present invention. Up to about 4%, at least about丨 5% better but still at least about 1.8% copper It is better to exist with nickel. Both nickel and copper promote the formation of a stable Vostian iron structure during the solution treatment of the quenched alloy to form the Mata loose iron. Nickel and copper also contribute to the toughness and corrosion resistance of the alloy, and copper is beneficial for & Aging hardening reaction of gold. Limit nickel to no more than about 12% and copper to no more than about 2.6% because too much nickel and copper when the alloy is treated with a solution have an adverse effect on the required phase balance of the alloy and cause excessive residual Wastfield iron Formation. Preferably, the nickel in the alloy powder used in the present invention is limited to not more than about 0/0 /. And preferably not more than about 8.8%, and the copper is limited to not more than about 2.5%. The alloy may exist as high as About 6% molybdenum is because it promotes the ductility and toughness of the alloy. Molybdenum is also beneficial in reducing media and promotes pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking -6 " This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 regulations (210 X 297 mm) -------------- install -------- order --------- line (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page) A7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -------- B7 _ _ V. Description of Invention (4) I 'Cheng The corrosion resistance of the alloy. It is better to limit the molybdenum in the alloy to not more than about 0 and not more than about 0.30% because too much has a negative effect on the phase balance of the alloy, that is, it results in the formation and excess of non-required fertilizer iron. The residual amount of Wastfield iron. At least about 0.4% and at least about 10% of the titanium is present in the alloy, preferably by combining available nickel to age harden the alloy to form a nickel-titanium-rich precipitate to provide hardness and strength. Titanium is also combined with sulfur to form fine titanium sulfide which is beneficial to the mechanical processing properties of the powder / gold article according to the present invention. Too much of it has an adverse effect on the toughness and ductility of the alloy. Therefore, in the powder metallurgy article according to the present invention The medium limit titanium is not more than about 2.5%, more preferably not more than about 1.5%, and more preferably not more than about 14%. Up to about 1% niobium may be present in the alloys used in the present invention to facilitate toughness and age hardening reactions. Therefore, the target 'alloy contains at least about 0.10 ❶ /. It is preferably at least about 0.20 / 0. Too much is said to have an adverse effect on the phase balance of the alloy ’, resulting in a residual Vosstian iron. Therefore, it is preferable to limit niobium to not more than about 50,000 / 0 and to not exceed about 0.30%. In addition to the proper combination of machining performance and processability provided by the powder metallurgy article according to the present invention, the unique combination of strength, notch toughness, and resistance to stress corrosion cracking is balanced by the above-mentioned Fanyuan which is different from the elements nickel, copper, molybdenum, titanium, and niobium carry out. At the end, at least about 10.5%, preferably at least about 10.8% of nickel 'is at least about 0.25%, preferably at least about 0.8% of molybdenum, and at least about 1.5% of titanium is present in the alloy powder. When nickel, copper, molybdenum, titanium, and niobium are not properly balanced, the alloy's ability to use conventional heat treatment techniques to completely transform into a Asada loose iron structure is inhibited. Furthermore, the ability of the alloy to substantially completely retain loose Asada iron is destroyed when solution-treated and age-hardened. In this type of paper, the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) applies. -------------- Installation --------- Order- ------- line (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Z16 03 ^ ^ a? _____B7 V. Description of the invention (5) According to the present invention The strength of powder objects is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to limit nickel to not more than about 11.6% and to not exceed about 11.3%. Copper is limited to not more than about 0.75% and not more than about 0.10. /. Better. It is preferable to limit molybdenum to not more than about 1.5% and not to exceed 1.1%, and to limit titanium to not more than about 2.0% and to not exceed about 1.8%, and to limit niobium to not more than about 0.3% to not exceed about 0.10% Better. It is preferred that at least about 0.010% and at least about 0.020% of sulfur be present in the powder metallurgy article of the present invention. Sulfur-binding titanium can be used to form a distribution of extremely fine sulfides that increase machining performance, but it does not adversely affect the material's processability or its toughness and ductility under age hardening conditions. Typically, articles formed according to the present invention contain titanium sulfide particles with a major size of no more than 5 microns dispersed substantially uniformly. These very fine titanium sulfide particles are beneficial to the machinability of the material, but do not detract from the hot and cold workability of the material. Too much sulfur ultimately adversely affects processability and toughness. Therefore, in the powder metallurgical article according to the present invention, sulfur is restricted to not more than about 0.050%, more preferably not more than about 0.040%, and even more preferably not more than about 0,030%. Up to about 1% aluminum and up to about 2.5% tantalum can be present in the powder metallurgy article of the present invention because its strength and hardness are beneficial when the article is age hardened. Excess aluminum and tantalum adversely affect the ductility and processability of the object, and excessive aluminum adversely affects its machinability. Therefore, the aluminum is limited to no more than about 0.25 ° /. Preferably, tantalum is limited to no more than about 0.30%. For the best ductility and processability, the aluminum is limited to not more than about 0.05% and the size of the Puge system is not to exceed about 0.0%. Carbon and nitrogen are restricted in the powder metallurgy article of the present invention, because it is related to one or more -8-This paper size is applicable to Chinese national standard specifications (21 × X 297 mm) ^^ 1 ^^ 1 ^ 1 «n ^^ 1 J 1 J] «An n ^^ 1 a ^ i B ^ i B ^ i ^ if I. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs * Consumption Cooperative of Employees Α7 ________ Β7 ___ V. Description of the invention (6) The elements titanium, niobium and tantalum form carbides, nitrides and / or carbonitrides. These products have an adverse effect on the machinability of powder metallurgy. Therefore, the limit of carbon is not more than about 〇〇〇 3〇 /. It is preferably not more than about 0.005%, and the limiting nitrogen is not more than about 0.03%, and more preferably not more than about 0.010%. Up to about 9% of cobalt may be present to replace a portion of the nickel to facilitate the phase balance and toughness of the powder metallurgical article of the present invention. More typically, it is better to limit cobalt to no more than about 0.75% and not more than about 0.10% because it is generally more expensive than nickel. Up to 0.010% of boron can be present because it promotes the hot workability of the powder metallurgical article according to the invention and the ductility and toughness of the article in age hardening conditions. For this purpose, at least about 0015% of boron is preferably present. 3 It is preferable to limit boron to not more than about 0.003 to 5%. The powder metallurgical article of the present invention may have residuals as high as about 10 due to deoxidation conditions produced when the alloy is melted. /. Manganese and up to about 0 75 /. Silicon. It is better to limit manganese and silicon to not more than about 0.30% each, and it is more preferable to not exceed about 0.15% each, because it can inappropriately affect the phase balance of the alloy and provide an appropriate combination of properties of powder metallurgy objects. The remainder of the alloy is essentially iron, with the exception of the general impurities found in commercial grade steels intended for similar uses. Phosphorus in this type of impurity is limited to no more than about 0 040%, and preferably no more than about 0.000%, because it adversely affects the mechanical properties of objects manufactured according to the present invention, especially toughness. The powder metallurgy article according to the present invention is made of a heat-treated material that melts the above-mentioned alloy. Melt to achieve better β melting by VIM under the partial pressure of argon. The alloy is atomized (preferably with argon) in the atomization chamber and cooled under argon blanket to prevent the alloy powder particles. Surface oxidation. After cooling, Alloy-9- This paper size is suitable for China (210 X 297 ΤΓ) Packing ---.--.--- Order --------- Wire < Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page) 46 03 4 1 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (7 The powder is sieved and classified to the required size and can be mixed with other required powders: processed materials to provide Homogeneous mixture. The largest powder particles are too small. When the alloy powder is very clean (ie, very few impurities) it can be as high as about -40 mesh (420 microns). It is better to use a particle size of about _8_ mesh (177 microns). In order to reduce the number of rough 雉 H. For the best results, the powder is sieved and classified to about 100, '罔 mesh (149 microns). After sieving and mixing, the alloy powder is loaded into Hetong (steel container). The container material is preferably T3G4 non-recording steel, and rhenium can also be made of rhenium steel. The alloy powder is loaded into the container at room temperature. Before being sealed, the filled containers are extracted to less than 1 mm Hg and at least about 25 〇T (i2rc) and preferably at about 400 F (204: C) at elevated temperature to remove oxygen and any Gas can also be utilized at a temperature as high as about 21.0 crF (U4yc) to maximize the moisture removed. 'Then seal and heat combine the container to provide a substantially completely tight compact. The preferred heat combining method is heat, etc. Static pressure (HIp), at a temperature in the range of about 2000-2200 (1093-12G4 ° C) and at a pressure sufficient to ensure the bonding of powder particles, to about 15 ksi (103 hundred It is better to perform about 4 hours under the condition of Wan Pa). Depending on the capacity and required cycle time of the HIP container, other pressures and time periods can be used. The HIP cycle is selected to provide a compact with a theoretical density of at least about 94-95%, that is, it does not have essentially Connected holes. After that, the HIP compacts are formed by hot-rolling, forging or compacting, and then further hot-rolled to form rods. At about 2000-2_200τ (1093-ΐι49χ ') The temperature is only hot-worked and / or hot-rolled. At some points after hot-rolling, the stainless steel pad formed by the container is removed by any appropriate method (such as shaving). The rod can be processed into the middle by various methods and then drawn. Silk. In the preferred method -10 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Grid (210 X 297 Gongchu) ---.---------- install --- K ----- order --------- line (please read the d on the back first) Please fill in this page for further information) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 46 0341 V. Description of the invention (8), the hot-rolled rod is treated with solution as described below, and then thinned and polished by the dragon. When an alloy powder composed of medium alloy A is formed, it is preferable to anneal the whole batch of solution at about 1400, 1600 ° F (760-871 ° C) for about 1/4 to 2 hours and then quench it in water. When the object is formed of an alloy powder composed of alloy B in Table 1, the entire solution is annealed at about 1700-1900 ° F (927-1038 ° C) for about one hour and then quenched in water. It is preferred that parts made of an alloy powder composed of alloy B be subjected to a deep cold treatment after quenching. To further develop the high strength of the characteristics of this object. Cryogenically treat the cooling alloy to a temperature that is effectively below the end temperature of the Asada loose iron to ensure complete Asada loose iron metamorphosis and minimize the residual Vostian iron. When used, the cryogenic treatment consists of cooling the alloy to about _100T (_73 ° c) or lower for about 1 to 8 hours, and the time depends on the cross-sectional size of the object. Part of the cryogenic treatment is required depending on the end temperature of Asada's loose iron. If the end temperature of Asada loose iron is high enough, the transformation from Vostian iron to Asada loose iron will continue to completion without cryogenic treatment. In another method, the hot-rolled rod is thinned and over-aged after being polished to prevent Cracked during acid cleaning or cold working. Overage treatment consists of heating the material at a temperature sufficient to place the material in overage conditions. Results have been obtained by cooling in air after aging at approximately 1150 ° F (621X :) for a maximum of 4 hours. The samples are then cold-worked to better draw and form medium-sized filaments. After the initial cold working, the medium wire was annealed by the solution. Not to mention the method of making intermediate solution annealing and wire drawing, the wire is further drawn or cold worked to form a smaller cross-sectional size. Intermediate annealing can be applied between successive reductions. The silk then forms in the form of a useful product. For example, the silk prepared according to the present invention is particularly suitable for making surgical needles. This needle is easy to wear -11-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇x 297 mm) ----------* 1! -------- * --------- Order--1 III I-- {Jing first read the notes on the back before filling in this I} Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 46 0341 at ___ B7 V. Description of the invention ( 9) The hole is made of suture material ^ regardless of the final product, it has reached the required high strength through age hardening. Age hardening is better by heating the product for an appropriate amount of time at an appropriate ageing temperature and then cooling it in air. The temperature is preferably within the range of SOO-HOOTaZT-MYC). Good results have been obtained when the article was maintained at a temperature of 4 hours. Example An unique combination of wires to demonstrate the properties provided by powder metallurgy articles manufactured according to the present invention was formed from a tetra-alloy having the weight percentage ingredients set forth in Table 2 below. Table 2 Element example I Example 2 Heat treatment A Heat treatment BC 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.012 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Si 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 P 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.006 S 0.027 0.0209 0.109 0.0751 Cr 11.42 11.60 11.48 11.60 Ni 8.26 11.07 8.33 11.04 Mo 0,02 0.95 0.02 0-95 Cu 2.16 0.01 2.17 < 0.01 Ti 1.12 1.51 1.10 1.51 Nb 0.23 0.01 0.23 0.01 N 0.0018 0.0010 0.0019 0.0021 0 0.0242 0.0241 0.0243 0,0382 B 0.0019 0.0028 0.0021 0.0030 A1 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 Examples 1 and 2 and comparative heat treatment 300 pounds (nominal) heat-treated material of a and B-12- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) ---.------------ -^ -------------- ί Jing first read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 46 03 4 1 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( 1Q) Hollow induction melting under partial pressure of argon β Each heat-treated substance is atomized with argon in a spray chamber and cooled in an argon atmosphere. The powders of each heat-treated product were sieved and classified to -100 mesh, mixed and filled in air into 8 round T304 stainless steel tanks. The filled can is evacuated to less than 1 mm Hg, and sealed after heating at 400T (204 ° C). Each small tank then formed a nominal 7.2 inch (18.3 cm) diameter compact at 2050T (112TC) and 15 ksi (103 MPa) HIP for 4 hours. The HIP compacts of Example 1 and Heat Treatment A were rotary forged from a temperature of 2100 ° C (1149 ° C) to a round bar with a diameter of 4.25 inches (10.8 cm). Edge of example 2 and heat treatment 6? The compacted material was forged by a temperature of 2000 °? (1093 ° (:)) into 4,25 pairs (10'8 cm) of round rods. After heating the rods at 1148T (620 ° C) for 4 hours, 'Cool in air. Implement aging operations to prevent rod breakage during abrasion cutting. After that, the rod of Example 1 and Heat Treatment A was hot-rolled from 2100T (1149 ° C) to a 0.2656-inch (6.75 mm) rod and the rod of Example 2 and Heat Treatment B. The rods are hot-rolled to the same size from 2000 ° F (1093eC) = the rod material of each heat-treated product is thinned and polished to 0.244 pairs (6.2 mm) in diameter. The stainless steel is removed and aged at 1148T (620 ° C) for 4 hours. It was cooled in air and then cleaned with acid. Each heat-treated rod was then cold drawn to a 0.218 inch (5.5 mm) diameter wire annealed in air. The wire of Example 1 and Heat-treated A was at 1508 ° F (820 ° C) The solution was annealed for 2 hours and quenched with water. The wire of Example 2 and heat treated B was annealed at 1796 ° F (980 ° C) for 1 hour, quenched with water, and deep-cooled at -100T (-73 C) for 8 hours. After warming in air. After that all the wires were cleaned with acid. Each heat-treated wire was cold drawn to 0.154 inches (3.9 millimeters) M) The strands are annealed after a diameter circle. The strands of Example 1 and heat-treated A are annealed at i750 ° F (954 ° C) per minute -13- This paper size applies to CNS A4 (210 X 297) Mm> III, — i— —! — — — —. I — II t — I order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 46 03 4 1 A7 5 Description of the invention (11) Carrying at a conveying rate of 8 fpm (2,4 meters / minute). The annealing of the strands of the yarn of Example 2 and heat treatment B was performed at i900T (1〇38 «c). It was carried out at a conveying rate of 8 feet per minute (2.4 meters / minute). After that, each heat-treated wire was cold drawn to a diameter circle of 0,128 pairs (3.25 mm), and then the strands were cleaned. No such cracks or cracks were encountered during processing of these heat-treated products. The problem of tearing. The yarns of Examples 1 and 2 were further cold drawn to 002 inch (0 6 mm) diameter round wires without obvious problems. However, the heat treated wires of A and B should be cold drawn by similar amounts It undergoes cracking during elongation. As such, it shows that powder metallurgical objects formed from high-strength precipitation-hardened stainless steel alloys containing about 0.01% sulfur do not provide suitable properties when subjected to heavy cold drawing. Processability β has been applied to t items and explanations as narratives instead of restrictions, and it is not intended to use such items and explanations to exclude any equivalent to the features or parts shown and described, but it is believed that various amendments are in the patent application Fanyuan is reasonable ------------ I-- ----_----- Order ----- I I--line < Please read the notes on the back before Fill in this 5) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -14- This paper is a standard of time paid (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love)