TW459449B - Optical amplifier with power dependent feedback - Google Patents
Optical amplifier with power dependent feedback Download PDFInfo
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- TW459449B TW459449B TW089100569A TW89100569A TW459449B TW 459449 B TW459449 B TW 459449B TW 089100569 A TW089100569 A TW 089100569A TW 89100569 A TW89100569 A TW 89100569A TW 459449 B TW459449 B TW 459449B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
- H04B10/293—Signal power control
- H04B10/294—Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
- H04B10/296—Transient power control, e.g. due to channel add/drop or rapid fluctuations in the input power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1301—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/1302—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude in optical amplifiers by all-optical means, e.g. gain-clamping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0221—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant
- H04J14/02216—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant by gain equalization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0037—Operation
- H04Q2011/0049—Crosstalk reduction; Noise; Power budget
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
4 59 d 4 9 Λ7 s_______耵 五、發明説明(() 發明領域: 本發明係關於纖維光學WDM發射系統以及使用其中光 學放大器以及特別是關於光學回授諧振雷射空腔(〇^Rc) 其包含與功率相關損耗元件(PDLE)以作為光學^益控制^ OGC)或光學ί力率控制(qpc ),以及關於—種實施該控制^方 法,其特別有用於放大波長加入/偶出多工(WADM)傳送模^ 發明背景: ' …波長d分h為已受驗證技_提高現有光學網路之 容量。一般WDM系統使用多光學訊號頻道,每一頻道設定一 個特殊波長錢長鮮。·«統巾,產生辟訊號頻道 ,加以多工化以形成由各別光學訊號頻道所構成之光學訊 號,傳送通過單-波導,以及解多工化使得每—頻道各^達 至1定的接收ϋ。多個光學頻道能夠在光學放大器中例如 在換雜铒域放大肖(麵)Μ較大,錢職統能夠作 長距離之傳送。 使用加入偶出多工器於通訊網路以由多工化之數據流 引取一個或多個頻道,使其餘頻道通過到達下-連結,以及 加入一個新的傳送頻道至多1化之鎌流。《置另外- 個,用為再重新建構光學網路之路由連結導引,即由於通 況里條件改變雜護節訂翻路之W以祕由特定之 資訊流。 π圖1所不,傳統财⑽連結丨邡包含控制增益之輸入及 放大益121,123, 一對lx版知多工器/解多工器125, …以及—個;I車列加入/偶出切換器i2g。該—般形式議! (210 X 29 7公疗) A 5 9 4 A __ 五、發明説明(汰) =、七在此牙冉為lxNxi連結,ίϊ!為存在單一輸入放大器及單-輸出放大器,兩個同樣地騎坦化以及控制增益放大器。 订 波長加入/偶出多工性能夠使m號由不同跳路由或傳送 ,過不同的路技。_每—加人,偶出切換後每一頻道功 十έ 者崎化數dB。在每-連結輸歧賴道功率均等 化之方式將監測每-頻道功率及使用可變化光學衰減器 (VOA) 131於每一頻道路徑中以保持固定頻道功率。由於 相s緩\ GA反應慢,頻道加人之安定時睛化由數毫秒至數 秒,其決定於所使用VOAS法。雖然v〇A反應時間目前並不 構成問題(由於切換頻道可預期將使—些通訊量中斷),在 輸出放大ϋ存在!m運功補償,其由必需碰殘餘頻 道而施加。例如具有回授控制之v〇A必需調整頻道功率,其 可在頻道間作Y dB變化(即乘以10之(丫/:[〇)次方),如先前 所說明。為了在最壞情況下保護訊號,其tN—丨頻道同時地 加入所有均為Y dB過度功率,在V0A能夠產生反應前輸出放 大器之泵運功率需要支持1))+1頻道功率。 換言之假如Ν為相當大,之保護殘存頻道泵運功率補償約為 Y dB。 解決該問題之一項建議方式包含替換1χΝχ1結構之輸 出放大器以及VOA,具有多個平行功率均等化放大器(pea) 如同圖2所示以形成所謂1 χΝχΝ架構,因為存在附固控制光學 輸出。每一ΡΕΑ能夠設計存在於其飽和範圍使得輸出訊號 功率藉由泵運功率決定出以及實質上與輸入功率無關。模 擬結果顯示出這些ΡΕΑ輸出功率與6dB之輸入功率差值只有 kl 459449 _________ B7 I五、發明説明(')4 59 d 4 9 Λ7 s_______ 耵 V. Description of the invention (() Field of the invention: The present invention relates to fiber optic WDM transmission systems and the use of optical amplifiers therein, and in particular to optical feedback resonant laser cavity (〇 ^ Rc) It contains a power-dependent loss element (PDLE) as optical gain control (OCC) or optical power rate control (qpc), and a method for implementing the control, which is particularly useful for amplifying wavelengths (DM) transmission mode ^ Background of the invention: '... wavelength d min h is a proven technology to increase the capacity of existing optical networks. Generally WDM systems use multiple optical signal channels, and each channel is set to a special wavelength. · «Together, generate signal channels, multiplex them to form optical signals composed of individual optical signal channels, transmit them through single-waveguides, and demultiplex to make each channel up to 1 Receive ϋ. Multiple optical channels can be used in optical amplifiers, for example, to increase the size of Xiao (face) M, and Qian Zhitong can transmit over long distances. Use a sporadic multiplexer in the communication network to fetch one or more channels from the multiplexed data stream, let the remaining channels pass through to the down-link, and add a new transmission channel to at most one sickle stream. "Add another-to guide the re-construction of the routing link of the optical network, that is, because the conditions change in the general conditions, the miscellaneous protection section sets up the road to reverse the specific information flow. π As shown in Figure 1, traditional financial links include input and amplification gains of control gains 121, 123, a pair of lx version of the multiplexer / demultiplexer 125,…, and one; I train addition / occurrence Switcher i2g. The-general form of discussion! (210 X 29 7 Public Therapy) A 5 9 4 A __ V. Description of the invention (Tie) = 7, Seven are lxNxi links here, ϊ! For the existence of a single input amplifier and a single-output amplifier, two ride the same Equalize and control the gain amplifier. Ordering wavelength addition / occasion multiplexing enables the m number to be routed or transmitted by different hops, and to pass through different road technologies. _Every—add people, and occasionally change the number of dB for each channel after switching. The method of equalizing the per-link transmission power will monitor the per-channel power and use a variable optical attenuator (VOA) 131 in each channel path to maintain a fixed channel power. Because the phase is slow and the GA response is slow, the security of the channel plus people from milliseconds to seconds depends on the VOAS method used. Although the vOA response time does not pose a problem at present (because switching channels can be expected to interrupt some communication volume), there is! M operation compensation in the output amplification, which is imposed by the need to touch the residual channel. For example, VOA with feedback control must adjust the channel power, which can be changed by Y dB between channels (that is, multiplied by a factor of 10 (// [[0])), as previously explained. In order to protect the signal in the worst case, its tN— 丨 channels are simultaneously added with all Y dB excess power. The pumping power of the output amplifier before V0A can generate a response needs to support 1)) + 1 channel power. In other words, if N is quite large, the compensation of the pumping power of the protection residual channel is about Y dB. One suggested way to solve this problem is to replace the output amplifier and VOA of 1xNχ1 structure with multiple parallel power equalization amplifiers (pea) as shown in Figure 2 to form the so-called 1xNχN architecture, because there is a fixed control optical output. Each PEA can be designed to exist in its saturation range so that the output signal power is determined by the pumping power and is essentially independent of the input power. The simulation results show that the difference between the output power of these PEA and the input power of 6dB is only kl 459449 _________ B7 I V. Description of the invention (')
II
I ·»ν—^ ^ ,-1· 0. 5dB,以及已顯示相差idlh雖然該方式價格上較有競爭 ’1生,其中VOA以及複雜輪出放大器可由系統去除,以及每一 PEA之分離泵運二極管由共有泵運光源替代,每一平行放大 器存在一項已知之暫時性功率控制需求(在頻道加入/偶出 時)。沒有該控制,當頻道偶出時放大器之反轉為較高,當 另外一個頻道加入至放大器時存在較大暫時性之功率尖峰 °沿著系列放大器重複地放大該暫時性尖峰會導致元件受 損或較大泵運功率補償以保護殘存頻道。不過,由於這些 平行放大器共用泵運光源,各別地暫時性控制藉由傳統電 子控制例如藉由調節粟運功率並不容易達成。 . - - - n: tl it - 解決該問題一項方法在於將光學回授諳振雷射空腔( OFRC)於每一 PEA中使得暫時性控制各別地施加於這些平行 放大器,甚至於其共同地使用泵運功率。為了控制PM功率 暫時性變化,製造OFRC使得當訊號頻道由PEA移除時啟動( 激勵)光學功率控制(OPC)雷射。理想地,當訊號頻道出現 於PEA時關閉〇pc雷射(停止激勵),使得pEA只使訊號頻道飽 和以及訊號頻道引取泵運功率所提供可利用之所有能量。 不過,由於在訊號頻道間存在γ dB功率變化,〇pc雷射必需 關閉具有最低可能頻道功率之訊號頻道。為了達成該操作 情況,OFRC空腔損耗必需相當高。不過,當雷射啟動時高損 : 耗產生低0PC雷射功率,以及因而放大器為高反轉。因此, i 飯如高功率訊號頻道加入至較高反轉PEA,其利用低功率 | 雷射進行飽和,將存在由於該高反轉所致之暫時性功率 | 头峰。為了消除暫時性尖來OFRC需要較低之空腔損耗以 本纸乐乂度过用料:桔準(CNS ) Λ4規格(2丨UX297公货) 459449 Λ7 B7I · »ν— ^ ^, -1 · 0. 5dB, and it has been shown that the phase difference is idlh. Although the price is more competitive in this way, the VOA and complex round-out amplifiers can be removed by the system, and the separation pump for each PEA. The operating diodes are replaced by a common pumping light source, and each parallel amplifier has a known temporary power control requirement (on channel join / out). Without this control, the amplifier's reversal will be higher when the channel is occasional, and there will be a large temporary power spike when another channel is added to the amplifier. Repeated amplification of the temporary spike along the series amplifier will cause component damage Or larger pump power compensation to protect the remaining channels. However, since these parallel amplifiers share the pumping light source, it is not easy to achieve individual temporary control by conventional electronic control, such as by adjusting the power of millet. .---n: tl it-One way to solve this problem is to place an optical feedback chirped laser cavity (OFRC) in each PEA so that temporary control is applied individually to these parallel amplifiers, or even to them. Common use of pumping power. To control temporary changes in PM power, OFRC is manufactured so that when the signal channel is removed by PEA, an optical power control (OPC) laser is activated (excited). Ideally, the 0pc laser is turned off (stops excitation) when the signal channel appears in the PEA, so that pEA only saturates the signal channel and draws all the energy available from the pumping power of the signal channel. However, due to the γ dB power variation between the signal channels, the 0pc laser must turn off the signal channel with the lowest possible channel power. To achieve this, OFRC cavity losses must be quite high. However, high loss when the laser is turned on: power consumption produces low 0PC laser power, and thus the amplifier has high inversion. Therefore, if i Fan such as a high power signal channel is added to a higher inversion PEA, which uses low power | laser to saturate, there will be a temporary power | head peak due to the high inversion. In order to eliminate temporary sharpness, OFRC requires a lower cavity loss to pass through the materials: Orange Standard (CNS) Λ4 Specification (2 丨 UX297) 459449 Λ7 B7
及較高OPC雷射功率。在OFRC中存在高損耗以及低損耗之 相反情況。 除了先前所說明PEA暫時地功率控制,圖1及圖2所顯示 WDM輸入放大器為控制增益以減小穩定狀態(DC)增益誤差 a在丨丨物1光學放大器中實施該控制之一般技術包含製造每 /放大器具有0FRC例如為光學增益控制(0GC)雷射空腔。 人們了解該構造將使得光學增益在激發波長下必需等於被 動性損耗。因此對於均勻性介質,在某一頻譜中所有波長 下一旦在特定波長下增益固定,光學增益亦被鎖定。一旦 0GC雷射波長以及在該波長下被動性損耗決定出,放大器增 益頻譜亦決定出。 熟知此技術者了解摻雜餌光纖(EDF)對光線放大並非 純均句介質;然而為某種程度之非均勻性。該情況將產生 頻言晋穿孔現象。當0GC雷射功率由於耦出頻道或提高泵運 功率時而提高時,在激發波長下在訊號頻帶中頻譜洞孔變 為較深以及產生穩定狀態(DC)之增益誤差。此由圖3(幻示 意地顯示出°因而,當έίΐ號加入或搞出或栗運功率改變時 需要解決由於0GC雷射產生頻譜洞孔而導致增益誤差之問 題。 發明大要: 本發明一項實施例係關於光學放大器,其包含增益介 寊;執合其巾之泵4光源以激崎益介質;光相授諸振雷 射空腔(0FRC)揭合至增益介質;以及在〇FRC中功率相關損 耗兀件(PDLE),其王現出無減損乾為濟增入射雷射功率之 fT先閱讀背而之注念苹項再^寫本页) -[Γ - I 1 · I , ( ) A4l:-Lt&- ( 2l〇x ) Λ7 B7 五、發明説明(f ) 函數。本發明當放大器輸入條件受到動態性改變時,具有 PDLE之OtRC對WDM提供光學增益控制(〇GC)或對單一頻道放 大益供光學功率控制(0PC),。在優先實施例中,p0L包為 被動性構件例如為飽和吸收器。飽和吸收器能夠為—段摻 雜稀土族元素之光纖,優先地為摻雜铒光纖。本發明另外 一項中PDLE能夠為有效構件例如為光線強度模組,即聲光 I周谐器成電光§周谐益,其具有回授控制。優先〇即C為環狀 空腔形式,或線性空腔。使用來將0FRC耦合至放大器之 0FRC結構以及相關元件實質地決定雷射之激勵波長。例如 ,故狀二腔將優先地藉由兩個波長選擇性搞合器耗合至放 大器,忒搞合為傳送訊號頻帶波長以及轉合0GC雷射或〇pc 雷射之波長頻帶至回授空腔。同樣地,線性空腔優先地使 用光柵結構作為空腔端部之反射鏡/發射器,其反射相關於 激勵波長光線以及發射出相關於訊號頻帶波長之光線。放 大器優先地為EDFA,但是亦能夠為半導體放大器,Raman放 大益,3]:111〇11111放大器,或其他形式放大器,其操作於傳統 或延伸光學頻帶寬度内。 在另外-個貫施例中,波長加入/耗出多工(画)放大 光學傳送連結包含MinxNoin端淳解多工器,其中is}以 及Nout> ί以解多工波長範圍為△、光學訊號為一組則固 光學訊號,每-職具有科續性波長λ办㈤),或一 組Ν個光學訊號,其每一訊號波長範圍為△心(产丨至Ν—1); X條加入/耦出訊號傳播路徑均鵪合於、端埠一端,其中 每-訊號ί|侧i具有職介f之光料Α|§,以及 請先間讀tvg之注意卒項再填朽木页) Τ· '' 459449And higher OPC laser power. In the OFRC there is the opposite of high loss and low loss. In addition to the temporary power control of the PEA described previously, the WDM input amplifiers shown in Figures 1 and 2 are used to control the gain to reduce the steady state (DC) gain error. The general technique for implementing this control in the optical amplifier of Object 1 includes manufacturing Each / amplifier has an OFRC, such as an optical gain control (0GC) laser cavity. It is understood that this configuration will make the optical gain at the excitation wavelength equal to the passive loss. Therefore, for a homogeneous medium, once the gain is fixed at a specific wavelength at all wavelengths in a certain spectrum, the optical gain is also locked. Once the 0GC laser wavelength and the passive loss at this wavelength are determined, the amplifier gain spectrum is also determined. Those skilled in the art understand that doped bait fiber (EDF) is not a pure homogeneous medium for light amplification; however, it is a certain degree of non-uniformity. This situation will cause frequent perforation. When the 0GC laser power is increased due to coupling out the channel or increasing the pumping power, the spectral hole becomes deeper in the signal band at the excitation wavelength and a steady state (DC) gain error occurs. This is shown schematically in Figure 3 (). Therefore, when έέ is added or made or the power is changed, the problem of gain error due to spectral holes generated by 0GC lasers needs to be solved. Summary of the invention: An embodiment relates to an optical amplifier, which includes a gain medium; a pump 4 light source that implements its optical fiber to excite the medium; a photophase laser cavity (0FRC) is exposed to the gain medium; and In the middle power-dependent loss element (PDLE), Wang Wang showed that there is no impairment to increase the fT of the incident laser power. First read the back and remember the apple term before writing this page)-[Γ-I 1 · I, () A4l: -Lt &-(2l0x) Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (f) function. In the present invention, when the amplifier input conditions are dynamically changed, OtRC with PDLE provides optical gain control (0GC) for WDM or optical power control (0PC) for single channel amplification. In the preferred embodiment, the p0L packet is a passive component such as a saturated absorber. The saturable absorber can be an optical fiber doped with rare earth elements, preferably an erbium-doped optical fiber. In another aspect of the present invention, the PDLE can be an effective component such as a light intensity module, that is, an acousto-optic I harmonic resonator becomes an electro-optic § Zhou harmonic benefit, which has feedback control. The priority 0 is that C is in the form of a circular cavity, or a linear cavity. The 0FRC structure and related components used to couple the 0FRC to the amplifier essentially determine the laser excitation wavelength. For example, the two-cavity cavity will be preferentially dissipated to the amplifier by two wavelength selective couplers, which will be combined to transmit the signal frequency band wavelength and turn the wavelength band of 0GC laser or 0pc laser to the feedback space Cavity. Similarly, the linear cavity preferentially uses a grating structure as a mirror / emitter at the end of the cavity, and its reflection is related to the excitation wavelength light and emits light related to the signal band wavelength. The amplifier is preferentially EDFA, but can also be a semiconductor amplifier, Raman amplifier, 3]: 111011111 amplifier, or other types of amplifiers, which operate within the traditional or extended optical band width. In another embodiment, the wavelength addition / depletion multiplexing (drawing) amplification optical transmission link includes a MinxNoin end-demultiplexer, where is} and Nout>, and the demultiplexing wavelength range is △, the optical signal It is a group of fixed optical signals, each with a wavelength of λ, or a group of N optical signals, each of which has a wavelength range of △ heart (from 丨 to Ν-1); X bars added / Coupled signal transmission paths are all connected to one end of the port, where each-signal ί | side i has a light material A | § of the employment agency f, and please read the attention of tvg before filling in the decayed wood page). Τ '' 459449
工ΰώ ’ 4將至少—些Nin光學訊號多工化親合 加入1出傳播路徑之另外一端,及其特徵在於一組N f光學放大器之每—條包含光學回授雜雷射空腔(OFRC) 5 :至相對放大$ if益介^及更進—步包含功率相關損 —件(PI)LE),其呈現^漸減彳u 至Mg漸增雷射 光線強度之函數。 如先刚對光學放大器實施例所說明,優先地〇GC或〇pc =射二腔為%狀空腔形式,或為線性空腔,以及激勵波長實 質上由搞合波長蚊。例如,環狀空腔優先地藉由兩種波 長延擇性輕合器輕合至放大器,其傳送訊號頻帶波長以及 輕合雷射波長。同·,線,时财I先地賴光柵結構作 為空腔端部反射器/發射II使得反射光線相當於激勵波長 以及發射光_當於域縣波長。在優先地實施例中, PDLE為被動性構件例如為飽和性吸收器。飽和性吸收器為 -段被動性雜稀土族元素光纖,以及更優先地為換雜辑 光纖。另外一方面,PDLE同樣地為主動性構件例如為光線 強度3周猎益,即具有回授控制之聲光調譜器。 本發·明另外一項實施例為在單一頻道光學放大器中控 制暫時性功率變化或在WDM光學放大器中減小%增益誤差 之方法,έ亥放大器在放大為輸入處施以動態性變化样作終 件,以及包含OFRC耦合至具有輸出功率放大器之增益介: 其動態地決定於操作條件,其包含當〇Fl?C輪出功率提高時 減小0FRC空腔損耗之步驟,反之亦然,因而放大器增益介贤 動態地變化以減小放大器之增益或功率變化。Industry '4 adds at least some Nin optical signal multiplexing affinity to the other end of the 1 propagation path, and is characterized in that each of a group of N f optical amplifiers contains an optical feedback stray laser cavity (OFRC ) 5: To the relative magnification $ if 益 介 ^ and further-including power-dependent loss (PI) LE), which presents a function that gradually decreases 彳 u to Mg and increases the laser light intensity. As explained in the example of the optical amplifier just now, preferably 0GC or 0pc = the second cavity is in the form of a% -shaped cavity, or a linear cavity, and the excitation wavelength is essentially a combination of wavelength mosquitoes. For example, the annular cavity is preferentially closed to the amplifier by two wavelength selective light couplers, which transmit the signal band wavelength and the light-wavelength laser wavelength. At the same time, the line, Shicai I first relies on the grating structure as a cavity end reflector / emission II so that the reflected light is equivalent to the excitation wavelength and the emitted light _ is equivalent to the domain county wavelength. In a preferred embodiment, PDLE is a passive component such as a saturated absorber. The saturable absorber is a -segment passive hetero rare-earth element optical fiber, and more preferably a hybrid optical fiber. On the other hand, PDLE is also an active component, such as a light intensity 3 week hunting benefit, that is, a sound and light modulator with feedback control. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for controlling a temporary power change in a single-channel optical amplifier or reducing a% gain error in a WDM optical amplifier. The helium amplifier performs a dynamic change at the input of the amplification. The final part, and including the OFRC coupling to the gain medium with an output power amplifier: It is dynamically determined by the operating conditions, and it includes the step of reducing the 0FRC cavity loss when the output power of the 0Fl? C wheel increases, and vice versa, so The amplifier gain is dynamically changed to reduce the gain or power variation of the amplifier.
適川少WW家(C‘VS ) Λ4规格 八7Shichuan Little WW Family (C’VS) Λ4 Specifications 8 7
459449 t發明提供—項裝置及方㈣改善光學顧或功率控 制·。先雜制(與電子式比較)之優簡人們所熟知以及包 3被祕(即,购赠波,訊號輸人功率,以及泉運功率無 關)。本發明特別有用機⑽之應用,及孤立子傳播系統, 其中精確頻道功率為重要的,及㈣在1麵連結處功率1 再均%化產生優點。由於在每—丨沾础連結處在pEA後頻 道功率再鱗化使得!^功率赌人辨_,增益連波 無法沿著連續性放大器而累積。 本發明其他特性及優點將在下列詳細說明中揭示出, 其部份也夠由說明書了解或藉由實施說明,申請專利範圍 以及附圖所說明而了解。 人們了解先前一般說明以及下列詳細說明只是本發明 之範例,以及在於提供一個概念或架構以了解本發明之原 理及特性。 附圖在於提供更進一步了解本發明,以及在此構成說 明書之一部份。附圖顯示出本發明實施例,以及隨同說明 書作為解釋本發明之原理及操作。 附圖簡單說明: 第一圖(圖1)為示意性地顯示出傳統IxNxl WADM連結, 其具有單一輸入及輸出之放大器; 第二圖(圖2)為示意性地顯示出傳統ΙχΝχΝ WADM連結, 其具有功率均等化放大器(PEA)以及共用泵; 第三圖A (圖3 a)為本發明沒有P D LE兩條不同訊號頻道 數目之增益與波長西線: .'ίνί人?iUUiii用準(CNS > Λ4处格(2ilK<297公浼) {〇 A 7 137 4 5 9 4 4 第三圖B(圖3b)為本發明具有PDLE兩條不同訊號頻道 數目之增益與波長曲線; 第四圖(圖4)為本發明具有OFRC放大器示意圖,其包含 本發明PDLE實施例; 第五圖(圖5)為本發明實施例PDLE之OGC雷射入射雷射 功率與功率相關損耗之曲線圖; 第六圖(圖6)為兩MOGC放大器放大光學訊號波長與增 益數據之油線圖,當OGC空腔損耗為固定值(只有VOA)時以 及當OGC空腔含有本發明實施例之PDLE; 第七圖(圖7)為當本發明實施例放大器在<xc空腔中具 有固定損耗以及PDLE—組八個訊號頻道當七個頻道與一個 頻道耦出情況下由0 G C放大器所放大之增益誤差與波長曲 線圖; 第八圖(圖8)為兩條暫時性增益誤差與時間比較曲線 圖,具有本發明PDLE或不具有PDLE之OGC放大器,殘餘頻道 耦出以及加入之情況;以及 第九圖(圖9)為單-頻道放大器(PEA)三條輸出功率與 a夺之曲線tb較圖,其不具有控制,固定她之光學回授控制 ,以及在OFRC中具有PDLE光學回授控制,以及利用_6_功 率之1557· 2nm頻道加入PEA之情況。 附圖元件數字符號說明: 光學放大1G;彳#_麵簡丨2;放大入Μ 放大器輸出16;泵運光源18;轉合器2Qn $ 聽空腔(雛)肌可料學麵器_) 32;功神關又 ( CNS } Λ4λί{^ ( 2«〇Τ297^7 丨广 ._ A7 ____Λ33ΛΛ 9 B7 五、發明説明(.气) —~~ — 損耗凡件(PDLE) 34;解多工器1〇1;訊號傳播路徑1〇3;端 部105;泵運路徑12丨;多工器丨07;路徑端部丨〇9;連結 110;傳統WADM連結120;輪入放大器121;輸出放大器123; 多工β 125;解多工器127;切換器129;可變化光學衰減 器(VOA) 131 。 優先貫施例詳細說明: 現在針對本發明優先實施例詳細加以說明,其範例顯 示於附圖中。儘可能地,所有附圖中相同的參考數字表示 相同或類似的元件。本發明光學放大器範例性實施例顯示 於圖4中,以及一般以參考數字丨〇表示。 在說明本發明前,人們了解本發明以及許多方面對下 列兩種光學控制形式即光學功率控制(〇pc)以及光學增益 控制(OGC)物理特性作說明。 光學功率控制: 在此所使用功率均等化放大器(PEA)為操作於飽和狀 I 態之單一光學訊號頻道放大器,而相對於WDM放大器(底下 對光學增ϋ控制作說明)。當訊號頻道耦出時,在PM中不 .再存在任何飽和訊號,及因磁』反轉躲當高。假如訊號 I 頻道在高反轉情況下籍由輸人至放大n而加人,其存在具 I 冑危紐之暫時性功料峰。當訊#出時在光學功率控制 ! (GPG)經域學_麵空腔_0將啟嫌g雪射使^ ! QPG雷射神提高賴纽大器反射可藉由 I 控制光學回授空腔中損耗達成。假如放大器增益在單」訊 i 麵出狀惑中OPC雷射波長之放大器增益高於光學回授空 1尽>l7bM Η~λ.,·( 2ΙΟχ"Ϊ97.<λ{ί· 459449459449 t invention provides a device and method to improve optical control or power control. The advantages of the hybrid system (compared with the electronic system) are well known and well-known (ie, the gift wave, signal input power, and spring power are not related). The present invention is particularly useful for the application of machine chirps and soliton propagation systems, in which accurate channel power is important, and chirping of the power 1 at the junction of a plane produces advantages. Due to the scaling of the channel power after pEA at every link ^ The power gambler recognizes that the gain continuous wave cannot be accumulated along the continuity amplifier. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be revealed in the following detailed description, and some of them can be understood from the description or from the description of the implementation, the scope of the patent application and the description of the drawings. It is understood that the previous general description and the following detailed description are merely examples of the invention and are provided to provide a concept or framework for understanding the principles and features of the invention. The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention and to form part of the specification. The drawings show embodiments of the invention and accompanying descriptions for explaining the principles and operation of the invention. Brief description of the drawings: The first diagram (Fig. 1) is a schematic diagram showing a conventional IxNxl WADM connection, which has a single input and output amplifier; the second diagram (Fig. 2) is a schematic diagram showing a traditional IxNχN WADM connection, It has a power equalization amplifier (PEA) and a shared pump; the third figure A (Figure 3a) shows the gain and wavelength west line of the two different signal channels without PD LE in the present invention: .'ίνί 人? IUUiii 用 准 ( CNS > Λ4 grid (2ilK < 297 cm) {〇A 7 137 4 5 9 4 4 The third figure B (Figure 3b) is the gain and wavelength curve of the present invention with two different numbers of PDLE signal channels; the fourth Figure (Figure 4) is a schematic diagram of an OFRC amplifier according to the present invention, which includes a PDLE embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 (Figure 5) is a graph of OGC laser incident laser power and power-related loss of a PDLE according to an embodiment of the invention; The sixth figure (Figure 6) is an oil line diagram of the optical signal wavelength and gain data of the two MOGC amplifiers, when the OGC cavity loss is a fixed value (only VOA) and when the OGC cavity contains the PDLE of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 (Figure 7) is an enlarged view of the embodiment of the present invention In the < xc cavity, there are fixed losses and PDLE—a group of eight signal channels. When seven channels are coupled to one channel, the gain error and wavelength curve are amplified by a 0 GC amplifier. Figure 8 (Figure 8) Two graphs of temporary gain error versus time comparison, with and without the PDLE OGC amplifier of the present invention, the residual channel is coupled out and added; and the ninth figure (Figure 9) is a single-channel amplifier (PEA) The three curves of output power and a tb are compared. It has no control, fixed her optical feedback control, and has PDLE optical feedback control in OFRC, and uses the 1557 · 2nm channel of _6_ power to join PEA. Description of the figures and symbols of the attached components: Optical amplification 1G; 彳 #_ 面 简 丨 2; amplification into the M amplifier output 16; pumping light source 18; coupler 2Qn _) 32; Gongshenguanyou (CNS) Λ4λί {^ (2 «〇Τ297 ^ 7 丨 广 ._ A7 ____ Λ33ΛΛ 9 B7 V. Description of the invention (.qi) — ~~ — Loss of pieces (PDLE) 34; solution Multiplexer 101; signal propagation path 103; end 105; pumping path 12 丨; multiplexer 07; path end 丨 09; link 110; traditional WADM link 120; wheel amplifier 121; output amplifier 123; multiplex β 125; demultiplexer 127; switch 129; variable optical attenuator (VOA ) 131. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments: The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. An exemplary embodiment of an optical amplifier of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4 and is generally indicated by reference numerals. Before explaining the present invention, people understand the present invention and many aspects, and explain the physical properties of the following two types of optical control, namely optical power control (0pc) and optical gain control (OGC). Optical power control: The power equalization amplifier (PEA) used here is a single optical signal channel amplifier operating in a saturated state I, as opposed to a WDM amplifier (the optical gain control is described below). When the signal channel is coupled out, there is no longer any saturated signal in the PM, and it is hidden due to magnetic inversion. If the signal I channel is added from input to amplification n under high reversal conditions, it has a temporary peak of energy. When the news # comes out, the optical power control! (GPG) Economics_Acuity Cavity_0 will start to make a snow shot ^! QPG laser god improves the reflection of the lyonic device can control the optical feedback space by I Cavity loss is achieved. If the gain of the amplifier is higher than that of the OPC laser wavelength in the case of the single i-plane, the gain of the OPC laser wavelength is higher than the optical feedback space.
Λ 7 Β7 腔損耗,當訊號韓出時〇PC雷射將啟動(激發)以及促使放大 器增益下降。0PC雷射使放大器飽和以及調整放大器之反 轉。理想地,當訊號頻道加入至放大器時,0PC雷射將關閉; 否則0PC雷射引取泵運光源所提供之能量,以及消除藉由只 利用訊號使PEA餘和使功率均等化之概念=除此,由於訊號 功率可籍由一項因素例如為γ dB而加以變化,最低可能頻 道功率之訊號頻道加入時〇PC雷射關閉為相當重要的^此 能夠藉由在光學回授空腔中產生固定(高)損耗而達成。在 0PC雷射波長下,損耗必需高於由最低可能訊號功率飽和之 放大器增益使得當訊號出現時0PC雷射停止激勵。不過,高 空腔損耗係指當訊號耦出時為低0PC雷射功率以及放大器 高反轉。假如加入頻道為較高功率,則會發生由於高放大 器反轉所導致之暫時性功率尖峰。為了減小暫時性功率尖 峰,在光學回授空腔中固定損耗必需減小。假如空腔損耗 固定,存在具有較高或較低光學回授空腔損耗之相反情況。 此相反情況籍由加入本發明PDLE於光學回授雷射空腔 内而解決。當訊號出現時,0PC雷射功率減小此由於能量守 恆所致。因此,在PDLE空腔中損耗將增加。在光學回授空 腔中提高功率相關損耗將進一步減小0PC雷射功率。pDLE 與opc雷射功率間回授效應因而使0PC雷射關閉。利用pDLE ,0PC雷射能夠藉由微弱訊號功率加以關閉。另外—方面, i sfU虎耗出時,放大器反轉(放大器增益)以及放大瞬時發 射將增加。當波長選擇性元件之中央波長吩近之較多ASE 回授進入空腔以及到達PDLE,PDLE損耗將降低。因而空腔 ( CNS ) Λ-IAV ril· ( 2! Ox ) <3 459449 12 A7 B7Λ 7 Β7 cavity loss, when the signal is out, the PC laser will start (excitation) and cause the amplifier gain to decrease. 0PC laser saturates the amplifier and adjusts the inversion of the amplifier. Ideally, when the signal channel is added to the amplifier, the 0PC laser will be turned off; otherwise, the 0PC laser draws the energy provided by the pump light source, and eliminates the concept of equalizing PEA surplus and equalizing power by using only the signal = except this Since the signal power can be changed by a factor such as γ dB, when the signal channel with the lowest possible channel power is added, the PC laser shutdown is very important. ^ This can be fixed by generating in the optical feedback cavity. (High) attrition. At the 0PC laser wavelength, the loss must be higher than the gain of the amplifier saturated with the lowest possible signal power so that the 0PC laser stops energizing when a signal appears. However, high cavity loss refers to the low 0PC laser power and high amplifier inversion when the signal is coupled out. If the joining channel is of higher power, a temporary power spike due to high amplifier inversion will occur. To reduce transient power spikes, the fixed loss in the optical feedback cavity must be reduced. If the cavity loss is fixed, the opposite is true with higher or lower optical feedback cavity losses. The opposite situation is solved by adding the PDLE of the present invention to an optical feedback laser cavity. When the signal appears, the 0PC laser power decreases due to energy conservation. Therefore, losses will increase in the PDLE cavity. Increasing power-related losses in the optical feedback cavity will further reduce the OPC laser power. The feedback effect between pDLE and opc laser power thus turns off the 0PC laser. With pDLE, 0PC lasers can be turned off with weak signal power. On the other hand, when the isfU tiger is consumed, the amplifier inversion (amplifier gain) and the instantaneous amplification of the amplifier will increase. When the center wavelength of the wavelength-selective element is close to ASE, it returns to the cavity and reaches PDLE, and the PDLE loss will be reduced. Therefore the cavity (CNS) Λ-IAV ril · (2! Ox) < 3 459449 12 A7 B7
損耗減小在空腔中產生較大回授以及回授至空腔内ASE強 度將提高。最後功率相關損耗變為較低足以使0雷射關 閉,及PDLE由OPC雷射改變為較低損耗之情況。利用本發明 PDLE, —旦OPC雷射啟動以及增益介質具有較低反轉,空腔 為較低損耗。除此當OPC雷射啟動時,放大器反轉與由最高 可能加入訊號飽和之反轉相當。因而由加入高功率訊號產 生之暫時性功率尖峰被減小。 光學增益控制: 通常EDFA在飽和範圍内操作。因而多頻道(WDM)EDFA 之增益頻譜隨著放大器輸入條件例如為泵運功率輸入功率 變化而改變。在其他情況中將促使增益游移,此將產生負 面影響。經由光學回授諧振空腔(OFRC)控制光學增益之概 念為當輪入條件改變時動態地改變OGC雷射功率以補償所 產生之增益偏移。不過,由於铒增益介質為非均勻的,OGC 雷射在OGC激勵波長下在增益頻譜中產生一個頻譜洞孔。 因而,當OGC雷射功率由耦出頻道或提高泵運功率而提高時 ,在激勵波長下頻譜洞孔變為更深。假如雷射空腔損耗為 固定的,泵運增益介質之反轉必需提高以保持在頻譜洞孔 底部處之光學增益值等於光學損耗。因而放大頻道增益提 高以產生DC增益誤差。此顯示於圖3(a)中(在空腔内並無 PDLE)。加以比較,如圖3(b)所示,當本發明PDLE加入於雷 射空腔中使得空腔彳員耗隨著入射OGC雷射光線強度提高而 減小,功率相關損耗降低放大器之反轉以及補償由OGC雷射 產生頻譜洞孔所形成反轉提高之效應。因而DC增益誤差將Reduced loss will result in greater feedback in the cavity and increase in ASE intensity into the cavity. In the end, the power-dependent loss becomes lower enough to turn off the zero laser, and the PDLE changes from an OPC laser to a lower loss. With the PDLE of the present invention, once the OPC laser is started and the gain medium has lower inversion, the cavity has lower loss. In addition, when the OPC laser is activated, the amplifier inversion is equivalent to the inversion which is saturated by the highest possible signal. Therefore, temporary power spikes caused by the addition of high power signals are reduced. Optical gain control: Usually EDFA operates in the saturation range. Therefore, the gain spectrum of a multi-channel (WDM) EDFA changes with the amplifier input conditions, such as the change in pump power input power. In other cases, gain drift will be promoted, which will have a negative effect. The concept of controlling optical gain via an optical feedback resonant cavity (OFRC) is to dynamically change the OGC laser power when the turn-in conditions change to compensate for the resulting gain offset. However, because the chirped gain medium is non-uniform, the OGC laser creates a spectral hole in the gain spectrum at the OGC excitation wavelength. Therefore, when the OGC laser power is increased by decoupling channels or increasing the pumping power, the spectral hole becomes deeper at the excitation wavelength. If the laser cavity loss is fixed, the inversion of the pumped gain medium must be increased to keep the optical gain value at the bottom of the spectral hole equal to the optical loss. Therefore, the gain of the amplified channel is increased to generate a DC gain error. This is shown in Figure 3 (a) (without PDLE in the cavity). By comparison, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), when the PDLE of the present invention is added to a laser cavity, the cavity power consumption decreases as the intensity of the incident OGC laser light increases, and the power-dependent loss is reduced. And to compensate for the effect of the increase in inversion caused by the spectral holes generated by the OGC laser. Therefore the DC gain error will be
訂Order
CNS ) ( 2ΙΟχ 297λ>^ ) I十 459449 Λ7 ____________ B7 發明説明(\>) 參考圖4,光纖放大器1〇包含為一段摻雜铒光纖(E])F) 12升》式之增盈介質耗合至放大器輸入14及輸出ΐβ。光學回 授諧振空腔(〇FRC)30優先為環狀空腔形式,藉由波長選擇 性輔合益24, 26分別地在EDF 12上游及下游側連接至放大 益°由柄合g§24, 26柄合至及搞合出之耦合波長決定出 OFRC 30之雷射波長。光學隔離器28優先地決定雷射訊號 之方向(OGC雷射或〇pc雷射)如圖所示,其以與輸入訊號相 同方向之順時針方向運行。激勵EDf增益介質之泵運光源 18經由耦合器20優先地為WDM耦合器耦合至EDF 12輸入。 泵運光源18優先地為980nm或1480nm雷射二極體。在圖4所 顯示構造提供共同傳播訊號以及泵(圖4由左至右);不過人 們了解泵運光源18可排列於靠近EDF 12輸出附近使得其相 對於sfl號相反方向傳播。可加以變化,放大器能夠使用 業界所熟知側邊激發或包層泵運。在圖4中所顯示範例性 實施例中,可變光學衰減器(VO A) 3 2沿著功率相關損耗元件 (PDLE) 34位於OFRC 30内,其亦位於VOA 32之OFRC下游側。 依據本發明,PDLE 34特點在於其損耗值(以及空腔損 耗)隨著OGC雷射或OPC雷射發出入射光線強度提高而減小 。此顯示於圖5中,其中示意性地顯示出pdle 34之功率相 關損耗特性。如圖所示,PDLE損耗隨著PDLE光線強度提高 而非線性地減小。在優先實施例中,P0LE為被動性構件例 如為飽和吸收器。熟知此技術者了解由於丨]3/2態與基態 間之電子動態性EDF十分適合於該應用。最為優先地,飽和CNS) (2ΙΟχ 297λ > ^) I 459449449 Λ7 ____________ B7 Description of Invention (\ >) Referring to FIG. 4, the fiber amplifier 10 includes a section of doped erbium-doped fiber (E)) F) 12 liters of a gain-increasing medium Consume to amplifier input 14 and output ΐβ. The optical feedback resonance cavity (〇FRC) 30 is preferentially a ring-shaped cavity form, which is connected to the amplification gain on the upstream and downstream sides of EDF 12 by wavelength selective supplementary benefits 24, 26, respectively. The coupling wavelengths of the 26 handles and the close ones determine the laser wavelength of OFRC 30. The optical isolator 28 preferentially determines the direction of the laser signal (OGC laser or 0pc laser) as shown in the figure, which runs in a clockwise direction in the same direction as the input signal. The pumping light source 18 that excites the EDf gain medium is preferentially coupled to the EDF 12 input via a coupler 20 for a WDM coupler. The pumped light source 18 is preferably a 980 nm or 1480 nm laser diode. The structure shown in Figure 4 provides a common propagation signal and a pump (Figure 4 from left to right); however, it is understood that the pumping light source 18 can be arranged near the output of the EDF 12 so that it propagates in the opposite direction relative to the SFL signal. It can be changed and the amplifier can be pumped using side excitation or cladding pumps that are well known in the industry. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a variable optical attenuator (VO A) 32 is located within the OFRC 30 along a power-dependent loss element (PDLE) 34, which is also located downstream of the OFRC of the VOA 32. According to the present invention, PDLE 34 is characterized in that its loss value (and cavity loss) decreases as the intensity of incident light emitted by the OGC laser or OPC laser increases. This is shown in Figure 5 where the power-dependent loss characteristics of pdle 34 are shown schematically. As shown, PDLE loss decreases non-linearly as PDLE light intensity increases. In the preferred embodiment, POLE is a passive component such as a saturated absorber. Those skilled in the art understand that the electron dynamic EDF between the 3/2 state and the ground state is very suitable for this application. Top priority, saturation
(CNS ) ( 2i〇X297/,v^ ) 4594 49 14 Λ7 B7(CNS) (2i〇297 /, v ^) 4594 49 14 Λ7 B7
吸收器為一段EDF 12,其具有Er離子113/2態之短半衰期, 其約為小於1¾秒。其他飽和吸收器例如為染料或半導髀 飽和吸吹器亦為適當的。在另外一項實施例中,p[)LE. 34為 調諧雷射光線強度之主動性裝置例如為聲光調諧器,其利 用回授杠制依據放大為·之負載條件動態性地調整空腔損耗 依據本發明與PDLE 34結合之環狀OFRC 30有效地分別 地對WDM放大器或ΡΕΛ提供光學增益控制(0GC)或光學功率 控制(OPC)。人們了解另外一個構造能夠包含線性邡跎幾 何構造(並未顯示出),其具有適當端部反射器例如為反射 在兄,光拇,瀘,波器,或其他適當的元件。 雖然栗運光源18以及EDF 12結合提供15 0 0 mn通訊頻窗 (1520nm-1565nm之C頻帶以及1565-1625nm之L頻帶)之訊號 放大介質,本發明並不受限於該情況,熟知此技術者了解本 發明能夠適用於任何適當頻譜增益介質。一些範例包含半 導體光學放大器,其具有目前泵運光源或摻雜不同摻雜劑 之波導,該波導由玻璃,玻璃陶瓷,混合形式,或具有適當激 發光源其他成份或形式所構成。 底下對圖4之說明為本發明範例性OGC實施例,該圖顯 示出具有OFRC 30之EDFA 10包含功率相關損耗元件34° PDLE 34為1米長EDF 12,其呈現出功率相關損耗特性如圖5The absorber is a piece of EDF 12, which has a short half-life of the 113/2 state of Er ions, which is less than about 1¾ seconds. Other saturated absorbers such as dye or semiconducting rhenium saturated suction blowers are also suitable. In another embodiment, p [) LE. 34 is an active device for tuning the intensity of laser light, such as an acousto-optic tuner, which uses a feedback lever to dynamically adjust the cavity based on the load conditions that are magnified to The annular OFRC 30 combined with PDLE 34 according to the present invention effectively provides optical gain control (0GC) or optical power control (OPC) to the WDM amplifier or PEA, respectively. It is understood that another configuration can include a linear unitary geometry (not shown) with appropriate end reflectors such as reflections, thumbs, chirps, wavers, or other suitable elements. Although Li Yun Light Source 18 and EDF 12 combine to provide a signal amplification medium with a 15 0 0 mn communication frequency window (1520nm-1565nm C-band and 1565-1625nm L-band) signal amplification medium, the present invention is not limited to this case, and is well-known for this technology It is understood that the present invention can be applied to any suitable spectral gain medium. Some examples include semiconductor optical amplifiers that have waveguides that are currently pumped or doped with different dopants. The waveguides consist of glass, glass ceramics, mixed forms, or other components or forms with appropriate laser sources. The following description of FIG. 4 is an exemplary OGC embodiment of the present invention. The figure shows that the EDFA 10 with OFRC 30 includes a power-dependent loss element 34 ° PDLE 34 is a 1-meter EDF 12, and its power-dependent loss characteristics are shown in FIG. 5
所示。VOA 32在1527nm激勵波長下設定為8.3dB射雪射空 腔30產生固定損耗,以及設定放大器之增益頻謹°在八個 波長下(頻道)以每一頻道功率為-1 OdBm八個德和訊號量測 光學増益。加以比較,特點在於VOA 32設定為9,5dBA0FRC (^先;«讀评而之^ 填巧木页) ϊ' /Λί -^-As shown. VOA 32 is set to 8.3dB at 1527nm excitation wavelength. Snow and cavity 30 generate fixed loss, and the gain frequency of the amplifier is set. At eight wavelengths (channels), each channel power is -1 OdBm. Signal measurement optical benefits. For comparison, the characteristic is that VOA 32 is set to 9,5dBA0FRC (^ first; «read the review and fill in the wooden page) ϊ '/ Λί-^-
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JP (1) | JP2002534815A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010113641A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1357180A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2361200A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2357496A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW459449B (en) |
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US6414788B1 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2002-07-02 | Onetta, Inc. | Optical amplifier system with transient control |
US6341034B1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2002-01-22 | Onetta Inc. | Optical amplifier system with transient control using spectrally filtered input |
US6498677B1 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2002-12-24 | Onetta, Inc. | Optical amplifier systems with transient control |
US6441950B1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2002-08-27 | Onetta, Inc. | Distributed raman amplifier systems with transient control |
US6542287B1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2003-04-01 | Onetta, Inc. | Optical amplifier systems with transient control |
ITMI20010695A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-09-30 | Marconi Comm Spa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SURVIVAL OF TRAFFIC IN DWDM SYSTEMS WITH ADD / DROP IN THE EVENT OF INTERRUPTION OF THE OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTION |
US6476961B1 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-11-05 | Onetta, Inc. | Optical amplifier systems with transient control |
US6661946B2 (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2003-12-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of controlling optical signal power at an add/drop node in a WDM optical communication system |
US6690505B1 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2004-02-10 | Onetta, Inc. | Optical network equipment with gain transient control and automatic drift compensation |
FR2838190B1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2004-10-15 | Cit Alcatel | DEVICE FOR DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT AND / OR CONTROL OF POWER LOSS IN AN OPTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE WITH SUPERVISORY CHANNEL, AND ASSOCIATED PROCESS |
GB0308655D0 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2003-05-21 | Marconi Comm Ltd | Optical network, and method, for the transmission of data |
DE10360607B4 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Method and arrangement for inserting fill signals |
US8045862B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2011-10-25 | Alcatel Lucent | Optical communication method and apparatus |
ATE538543T1 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2012-01-15 | Optotriode Co Ltd | OPTICAL SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION DEVICE |
US7251071B2 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2007-07-31 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Transient control in optical transmission systems |
CN100546229C (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2009-09-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | The apparatus and method of marine-cable light compensation |
CN109945903B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-06-08 | 安徽大学 | All-fiber structure adjustable cavity gain laser self-mixing vibration, displacement and speed sensing method and system |
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US5128800A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-07-07 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Gain switchable optical fiber amplifier |
US5883993A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1999-03-16 | Boeing North American, Inc. | Fiber optic "T" coupler modulator |
FR2764141B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-07-23 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH DYNAMIC COMPENSATION OF TRANSMITTED POWER |
JPH10341206A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-22 | Nec Corp | Wavelength multiplex transmitter |
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1999
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- 1999-12-14 EP EP99967309A patent/EP1142166A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-14 KR KR1020017008599A patent/KR20010113641A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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KR20010113641A (en) | 2001-12-28 |
CN1357180A (en) | 2002-07-03 |
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