453 04 8 A7 B7 五、發明說明（/ ) 本發明係為一種適應性可變壓縮比率編解碼方法及裝 置’專指一種對數位訊號举行壓縮及解壓縮的方法，供改 善傳統步階脈碼調變（Delta pulse Code453 04 8 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (/) The present invention is an adaptive variable compression ratio encoding and decoding method and device. It specifically refers to a method for compressing and decompressing digital signals for improving traditional step pulse codes. Modulation (Delta pulse Code
Modulation)(DPCM)以及適應性步階脈碼調變（Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation)(ADPCM)等壓縮編解碼方法 所無法提供低誤差之特性者。 按數位訊號壓縮方面，主要為將數位化的資料進行壓 縮’達到降低資料量者’現今概以脈碼調變（pCM)為基礎的 壓縮編解碼方式最為普遍，並依操作在“頻域” (frequency domain)或“時域 ”（time domain)亦有所差 別，而以下僅就“時域”型態之數位訊號的壓縮編解碼方 式簡述之。 如第一 A圖為表示步階脈碼調變以及適應性步階脈碼 -調變（DPCM或ADPCM)架構之編碼器的結構方塊圖，而第一 B、圖則表示相應之解碼器的結構方塊圖’就第一 a圊之 DPCM編碼結構中，係以一量化器（5 〇 )、一反量化器 (6. 0 )以及一預測器（8 〇 )構成dpCm壓縮編碼器，而 在前述構造中加入虛線顯示之步階適應器（7 〇 )後，即 轉變為一 ADPCM壓縮編瑪器構造，該位在内部之預測器 (8 0 )為供預估出下一筆資料的大小（ρχ)，再與輸入訊 號（D1)相減（透過減法器（9 2 )達成），而產生一個代 表兩者間之誤差值（perr)，在理想的情況下，這個誤差值 應該只是一個微量值而已，再經過量化器（5 〇 )以“固 疋或可變的步階（Step Size)(由步階適應器（7 3 本紙張以_巾®國家標準（CNS)A·!規格（210 X 297公髮7 ---------裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再is,本頁) 訂-. -線' 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 453048 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明（> ) 0)為之）與一既定（固定）的解析度條件下，將之量化 後形成一壓縮輸出碼（Code)，而位在圖面右側之反量化器 (6 0)、加法器（9 1 )以及預測器（8 0 )，實際上 即為一相同於第_ — B圖DPCM或ADPCM解碼器，而將之設置 在編碼器中，主要為供還原印證資料的正確性t反量化器 (6 0 )於收到壓縮輸出媽（Code)後，會以相同的步階 (De 1 ta)值與相同的解析度條件進行反量化而送出Qperr訊 號’其後，再與預測器（8 0 )回送之預估值（px)相加 (透過加法器（9 1 )為之），形成預測器（8 〇 )的輸 入訊號（Qx) ’然後，重覆前述與輸入訊號（D i)相減、對誤 差值（Perr)量化與反量化驗證步驟，直到結束為止。 雖然透過位在第一 A、B圖中之步階適應器（7 〇 )，可針對壓縮輸出碼（Code)的大小而彈性地改變量化 '，器（5 0 )及反量化器（6 0 )的步階（Delta)大小，使其 在既定（固定）解析度下，改變輸出的最大最小值，例 如：第二B圖之步階值為1改變至第二a圖之步階值為2 的情 '況下，令最大振幅可由± 2增加至± 4準位，達到能 夠涵蓋更大的振幅，而不致因振幅突發變化而產生大量失 真，反之’當測得壓縮輪出瑪恢復至標準值時，即自動嘴 降步階值’據以避免因步階值過大導致量化誤差增加。 如前述，可隨著壓縮輸出碼自動調整步階值之設計， 雖可改善因輸入訊號振幅過大的問題，然而容易導致量化 誤差增加，針對此點，本發明人欲提出一可兼顧量化誤差 及k供大輸入振幅;函羞範圍的改良性方法。 4 本紙張尺度適用中國囤家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公餐） ----U----訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再产，.本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 45304 8 Α7 r----------Β7_ 五、發明說明d ) 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種適應性可變壓縮比率 编解碼方法及裝置，為一種可依照輸出碼以及步階值而自 動改變量化器及反量化器之解析度的可變壓縮比率編解碼 方法及架構，使其兼具高動態範圍及低量化誤差者。 本發明之次一目的在於提供—種適應性可變壓縮比率 編解碼方法及裝置，為在編解碼器内增設一解析度調整 器此解析度5周整器為接收編解碼器的輸出瑪以及步階值 訊號，並透過一解析度控制訊號控制量化器及反量化器， 而可在輸入誤差大幅增加（或減少）及/或是步階值變大 (或變小）時，適時調升（或調降）量化解析度，達到迅 速地降低量化誤差及解決失真問題者。 為使貝審查委員能夠進一步瞭解本發明之方法、特 、 徵及其他目的’茲附以圖式詳細說明如后： 、（一）.圖式部份： 第一 A、B圖：係習知DPCM或ADPCM編解碼裝置之結構方 塊圖。 * 第二X、B、C圖：係步階與解析度變化之準位示意圖。 第三A、B圖：係本發明應用於ADPCM編解碼裝置之實施 例圖。 第四圖：係本發明之解析度調整器的内部結構圖。 第五圖：係本發明之解析度調整器的動作流程圖。 第六A、B圖：係本發明相應之量化及反量化器之内部結 構圖。 第七A圖：係本發明之參考準位產生器之内部資料圖表。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CJVS)A彳規格（210 X 297公釐） 裝---------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再护^本頁) 45304 8 Λ7 B7 五、發明說明（ 第七B圖：係本發明之輸入訊號變化之其一實施例波形 圖。 第七c m係本發明相應於第七B圖波形而動態調整量化 解析度之實施例圖表。 (二）·圖號部份： (1 0 )解析度調整器 (11) (12) (14)比較器 (1 3 ) ef It H (15)解析度升降器 (1 6 )參考準位產生n ( 2 1 )〜（2 9 )步驟 (5 0 )量化H (51)〜（53)量化表 (54) (64)多工器 （60)反量化器 (6 1 )〜（β 3 )反量化表（.7 〇 )步階適應器 (80)預測器 （91)加法器 、（9 2)減法器 本發明欲提供一種不僅可隨著大輸入訊號而提高輸入 訊號容許範圍之外，更可免除傳統加大步階值（〇eita)所衍 生之量化誤差增加的問題，構成一種低量化誤差及高輸入 訊號容許範圍之適應性可變壓縮比率編解碼方法及裝置。 亦即，本發明可提供如第二C圖所示，可在輸入訊號 大幅變動時，可適時地提昇量化解析度（解析度由第二 A、B圖中之二位元解析度改變為三位元解析度），如 此，既使在步階值仍維持在i的狀況下，仍可獲得如第二 A圖相當的涵蓋範圍，此舉，不僅解決輸入訊號大幅變動 所產生的誤差外，更可藉由維持在較低的步階數值下，形 本紙張尺度適用中國S象標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X _^97公餐） (諝先閱讀背面之注意事項再i 本頁) -丨裝----.----訂' -丨泉· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製Compression coding methods such as Modulation (DPCM) and Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) cannot provide low error characteristics. In terms of digital signal compression, it is mainly to compress digitalized data 'to reduce the amount of data'. Nowadays, the compression codec based on pulse code modulation (pCM) is the most common, and it is operated in the "frequency domain". (frequency domain) or "time domain" (time domain) are also different, and the following is only a brief description of the "time domain" type of digital signal compression encoding and decoding methods. For example, the first diagram A is a block diagram showing the structure of the encoder of the step pulse code modulation and the adaptive step pulse code-modulation (DPCM or ADPCM) architecture, and the first diagram B and the diagram show the corresponding decoders. Structural block diagram 'In the first a 就 DPCM coding structure, a quantizer (50), an inverse quantizer (6.0) and a predictor (80) constitute a dpCm compression encoder, and in After the step adaptor (70) shown by the dashed line is added to the foregoing structure, it is transformed into an ADPCM compression encoder structure. The internal predictor (80) of this bit is used to estimate the size of the next data ( ρχ), and then subtract it from the input signal (D1) (reached by the subtractor (9 2)) to produce an error value (perr) representing the two. In an ideal case, this error value should be only a small amount Only the value is passed through the quantizer (50) to "fixed or variable step size (Step Size) (by the step adaptor (7 3 paper with _ towel ® National Standard (CNS) A ·! Specifications ( 210 X 297 public hair 7 --------- install --- (Please read the precautions on the back before is, this page) Order-.-Line 'Ministry of Economy Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 453048 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the Invention (>) 0) and a given (fixed) resolution, quantify it A compressed output code (Code) is formed, and the inverse quantizer (60), adder (9 1), and predictor (80) located on the right side of the drawing are actually the same as the first _ — B Figure DPCM or ADPCM decoder, which is set in the encoder, is mainly used to restore the correctness of the verified data. The inverse quantizer (60) will use the same steps after receiving the compressed output code (Code). The (De 1 ta) value is inversely quantized with the same resolution conditions, and the Qperr signal is sent. 'After that, it is added to the estimated value (px) returned by the predictor (80) (through the adder (9 1)) ()), Forming the input signal (Qx) of the predictor (80), and then repeating the aforementioned steps of subtracting from the input signal (D i), quantizing the error value (Perr), and inverse quantifying until the end. The step adaptor (70) in the first A and B pictures can be used for compressed output Code (Code) size to flexibly change the quantization ', the size of the step (Del) of the device (50) and the inverse quantizer (60), so that the maximum and minimum output can be changed under a given (fixed) resolution For example, when the step value of the second graph B is 1 and the step value of the second graph a is 2, the maximum amplitude can be increased from ± 2 to ± 4 level to reach a larger range. Amplitude without causing a large amount of distortion due to sudden changes in amplitude. Conversely, 'When the compression wheel's rollback is measured to return to the standard value, it automatically reduces the step value' to avoid increasing the quantization error due to the large step value. . As mentioned above, the design of the step value can be adjusted automatically with the compressed output code. Although the problem of excessive amplitude of the input signal can be improved, the quantization error is easily increased. In view of this, the inventor intends to propose a method that can take into account both the quantization error and k for large input amplitudes; an improved method for function ranges. 4 This paper size is applicable to China Store Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 meals) ---- U ---- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before producing ,. This page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 45304 8 Α7 r -------- B7_ V. Description of the invention d) The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive variable compression ratio Codec method and device, a variable compression ratio codec method and architecture that can automatically change the resolution of the quantizer and inverse quantizer according to the output code and step value, so that it has both high dynamic range and low quantization error By. A second object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive variable compression ratio encoding and decoding method and device, in order to add a resolution adjuster in the codec, and the resolution 5-week integrator is to receive the output codec of the codec and The step value signal, and the quantizer and inverse quantizer are controlled by a resolution control signal. When the input error greatly increases (or decreases) and / or the step value becomes larger (or smaller), it can be adjusted in time. (Or adjust down) quantization resolution, to quickly reduce quantization errors and resolve distortion problems. In order to enable the review committee to further understand the methods, features, characteristics, and other purposes of the present invention, a detailed description is attached as follows: (1). Schematic part: First A, B: Department of knowledge A block diagram of the structure of a DPCM or ADPCM codec device. * The second X, B, and C diagrams are schematic diagrams of steps and resolution changes. The third diagrams A and B are diagrams of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an ADPCM codec device. The fourth figure is an internal structure diagram of the resolution adjuster of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the operation of the resolution adjuster of the present invention. The sixth diagrams A and B are internal structure diagrams of the corresponding quantizer and inverse quantizer of the present invention. Figure 7A is an internal data chart of the reference level generator of the present invention. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CJVS) A 彳 specification (210 X 297 mm). Packing --------- Order --------- line (please read the precautions on the back first) ^ This page) 45304 8 Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (Figure 7B: Waveform diagram of one embodiment of the input signal change of the present invention. The seventh cm is a dynamic adjustment of the present invention corresponding to the waveform of Figure 7B Quantitative resolution example chart (2) · Figure number part: (1 0) Resolution adjuster (11) (12) (14) Comparator (1 3) ef It H (15) Resolution lifter (1 6) Reference level generation n (2 1) ~ (2 9) step (50) quantization H (51) ~ (53) quantization table (54) (64) multiplexer (60) inverse quantizer ( 6 1) ~ (β 3) inverse quantization table (.7 〇) step adaptor (80) predictor (91) adder, (9 2) subtractor The present invention intends to provide a method which can not only follow the large input signal. In addition to increasing the allowable range of the input signal, the problem of increasing the quantization error derived from the traditional increase of the step value (〇eita) can be avoided, which constitutes an adaptive variable compression ratio codec with low quantization error and high allowable range of the input signal. square That is, as shown in the second C diagram, the present invention can improve the quantization resolution in a timely manner when the input signal changes greatly (the resolution is the two-bit resolution in the second A and B diagrams). Change to three-bit resolution), so that even if the step value is still maintained at i, the equivalent coverage as shown in Figure 2A can still be obtained. This will not only solve the problem caused by large changes in the input signal. In addition to the error, it can be maintained at a lower step value. The size of the paper is adapted to the Chinese S-Image Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X _ ^ 97 meals) (谞 Read the precautions on the back before i (This page)-丨 Installation ----.---- Order '-丨 Printed by Quanzhou · Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperative
^ 4 53 04 B^ 4 53 04 B
五、發明說明（Γ) 經濟部智慧时產局員工消費合作社印製 成更低量化誤差，形成一種可解決步階值變化所衍生之量 化誤差的PCM編解碼方法者。 前述本發明可隨著輸入訊號而改變量化解析度之編解 碼貫際結構，可配合參看第三A、B圖之分別為應用於 ADPCM編碼器以及ADPCM解碼器之實施例電路圖所示，其 與第一A、B圖不同處為在於：增加—解析度調整器（1 0)，戎解析度調整器（1 〇)為一具有兩可分別與編解 碼器之輸出碼（Code)以及步階值（De丨ta)兩訊號連接之輸入 端，以及一同時輸入至量化器（5〇)及反量化器（6 〇)之解析度控制訊號輸出端，可依照前述ADPCM編解碼 器之輸出碼（Code)以及步階（Del ta)數值而彈性地改變量化 1§ (50)及反量化器（60)之量化解析度，構成一種 <可改變ADPCM壓縮編解碼裝置之解析度的結構。 、 該解析度調整器（10)之結構上，可配合參看第四 圖之其一實施例圖示，可由兩組分別與步階值及輸出碼訊 號連接之比較器（1 1 )( 1 2)、一可接收該兩比較器 (11) (12)輸出訊號之上/下數計數器（13)、 —與該上/下數計數器（1 3)連接之比較器（1 4) ' 一受比較器（1 4 )觸發之解析度升降器（1 5 )以及一 受解析度輸出訊號控制之參考準位產生器（1 6 )所組 成，其令’該參考準位產生器（1 6 )内部係設置有多組 資料表’可設為如第七A圖所示，依照此解析度調整器 (1 0 )送出的解析度數值，而提供不同的步階上/下準 位值、不同的輸出碼上/下準位值以及計數器上/下準位 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公髮） ^ ^ 裝----L----訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再·;本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 53 04 8 A7 ----------------B7 _ 五、發明說明（έ ：) " ^ 值’以供設定前述三組比較器（1 1 )( 1 2 )( 1 4 ) 所需之參考比較位準，而前述所設定的上/下準位資料， 主要為提供-資料判別的緩衝空間，以避免誤動作，亦可 視實際編解碼的需要調整該緩衝空間的大小，提供不同的 動作特性。 可在如第五圖之解析度升降的動作流程圖所示，於初 始的狀1、下例如令解析度輪出的初始值為4 ,而計數器 的初始值為〇的場合下，在步驟2 2中預先選定一初始的 準位表（即冑七Α圖之解析度為4的各項資料至相應的比 較器處），然後，判斷輸入端送入之步階值或輸出碼是否 大於或小於準位表所設定之參考準位（步驟2 3、2 5 )’當輸入準位超過或低於參考準位時，為令第四圖之 、計數器（14)呈遞增或遞減（步驟24、2Θ)變化， 然後判斷計數器的計數值大於或小於參考準位（步驟2 7、28) ’而令解析度調升或調降處理（步驟271、 281)，於解析度升降作業完成後，則令第四圖之計數 器（1 4)歸零（步驟2 9 )，然後再重新進入流程中， 依照此時的解析度狀況而選擇相應的準位表以及進行前述 判斷步階值或輪出碼的準位與進行解析度升降處理之步 驟’直到結束為止，故以此動作流程可知，即提供—種可 隨著PCM編解碼器之步階值或輸出碼狀態而彈性地改變解 析度控制訊號的效果。 該文控於解析度控制訊號之量化器以及反量化器的結 構’可如第六A、Β圖所示，為在内部設置多組相應於不 8 本紙張又度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ^---------tTi-------線 (請先間讀背面之注意事項再浐-本頁) 4 S 3 η Ν-Ι» ' ! Α7 Β7 經 濟 部 智 財 產 局 消 費 合 作 社 印 五、發明說明（ 同解析度狀沉之量化表（51)〜（53)及反量化表 (6 1 )〜（6 3 )(在此例中僅以三组量化表及反量化 表代表），以及與各組量化表（51)〜（53)或反量 表（61)〜（63)連接之多工器（54) (64) 所組成’經由解析度輸入訊號而選定不同的量化表，達到 可對輸入貝料進行不同解析度之量化或反量化處理，形成 一種可調解析度之量化器及反量化器結構者。 以3"即舉例具體說明本發明之可隨著輸入訊號或步階 ，改：篁化解析度之狀況，第七Β圖為顯示一辦Q1編碼 益特定位置之波形圖，在圖面t，以黑粗線表示步階值 (De^ta) «粗虛線表示輸出碼（㈤e)，而以細實線顯示量 器輸入位置之誤差值（perr)訊號波形，在波形中之费 、軸可為單位電壓’而橫軸為表示筆數或時間。 第七C圖則為相應於第七B圖之波形的資料變化阐 表，第七C圖甲，在初始的條件下，解析度的相值為4， 而計數器的初值為◦，在第一至第三筆資料中’步階值以 ^輸出碼均未超過準位值，故計數器仍為0，但在第四筆 斗夺v J1白值超過上限，故在第五筆中之計數器值轉變 二（力1 )且由於第五筆資料之步階值亦超過上限’ 故而计數55再加1 ’此時已超過計數器上限，因此， =第六筆資财之解析度上升至8 U選㈣析度 為8的各項參考準位資料與令該計數器歸零，供重新計數 處理’而本發明之計數器的上下限準位所提供之緩衝區的 優點，可在第七C圖之第七筆至第十一筆中可清楚地見 ϋ尺度^國―固家標準 裝----.----訂i----.----線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再庐.本頁) ^5304 A7 '^--------B7__ 五、發明說明（$ ) 及’雖然在第七筆中之輸出碼有著瞬間大量變化，而令第 八筆處之計數值加1 ’然在第八筆資料令的輸出碼瞬間降 低至下限以下’為再次地令計數值遞減至〇，提供一適當 的緩衝而不致過度反應者，而在第九筆至第十一筆處之連 續四筆發生輸出碼數值過低，使得計數值在連續遞減至負 2以下’故而在第十二筆處即令解析度自動調降至4，以 恢復至低解析度的模式。 是以’由上述實例的解說下，應可得知本發明為提供 一種可隨著步階值或輸出碼的變化而彈性調整量化解析度 之設計，構成一可解決步階值過大所衍生之問題而獲致較 低量化誤差之PCM編解碼方法及結構，確為一具新穎性及 苻合進步性之設計’而前述例子中雖為同時參考步階值或 \輸出碼的變化狀態進行解析度之調整，然實際應用上，可 視而要僅使用其一做為判斷基準，例如：去除第三A圖之 步階適應器（7 0)而轉變為dpcm壓縮編碼架構下’本發 明之解析度調整器（丄〇 )仍可僅透過輸出碼的變化情形 自動調整輸出解析度，亦屬於本發明適用的範圍。 裝----------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再铲"本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準x 297公笼）V. Description of the Invention (Γ) The Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Smart Industry Bureau printed a lower quantization error to form a PCM encoding and decoding method that can solve the quantization error derived from step value changes. The foregoing coding and decoding structure of the present invention can change the quantization resolution with the input signal, and can be coordinated with reference to the third A and B diagrams, which are shown in the circuit diagrams of the embodiments applied to the ADPCM encoder and the ADPCM decoder, respectively. The first A and B pictures are different in that: the increase-resolution adjuster (10), the R-resolution adjuster (10) is an output code (Code) and a step with two separate codec The input terminal where the two signals are connected (De 丨 ta), and the resolution control signal output terminal that is simultaneously input to the quantizer (50) and the inverse quantizer (60), can be in accordance with the output code of the aforementioned ADPCM codec (Code) and step (Delta) values to flexibly change the quantization resolution of quantization 1§ (50) and inverse quantizer (60), constituting a structure that can change the resolution of the ADPCM compression codec device. The structure of the resolution adjuster (10) can be matched with one of the embodiments shown in the fourth figure, and two sets of comparators (1 1) (1 2) connected to the step value and the output code signal can be used. ), An up / down counter (13) that can receive the output signals of the two comparators (11), (12), a comparator (1 4) connected to the up / down counter (1 3), The comparator (1 4) triggers a resolution lifter (1 5) and a reference level generator (1 6) controlled by the resolution output signal, which makes the reference level generator (1 6) The internal system is provided with multiple sets of data tables, which can be set as shown in Figure 7A, according to the resolution value sent by this resolution adjuster (1 0), providing different step up / down level values, different Output code up / down level value and counter up / down level 7 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public) ^ ^ Equipment ---- L ---- Order- -------- Line (Please read the precautions on the back first; this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 53 04 8 A7 ------------- --- B7 _ V. Invention Explanation (έ :) " ^ value 'for setting the reference comparison level required for the three sets of comparators (1 1) (1 2) (1 4), and the above set up / down level data, It mainly provides the buffer space for data discrimination to avoid misoperation. It can also adjust the size of the buffer space to provide different motion characteristics according to the actual encoding and decoding needs. As shown in the flow chart of the resolution raising and lowering in the fifth figure, in the initial state 1, for example, if the initial value of the resolution wheel is 4 and the initial value of the counter is 0, in step 2 In step 2, an initial level table is selected in advance (that is, the data with the resolution of 4 in Figure 7A is sent to the corresponding comparator), and then it is determined whether the step value or output code sent by the input terminal is greater than or Less than the reference level set in the level table (steps 2 3, 2 5) 'When the input level exceeds or falls below the reference level, the counter (14) in the fourth figure is incremented or decremented (step 24 , 2Θ) change, and then judge that the count value of the counter is greater than or less than the reference level (steps 27, 28), and then raise or lower the resolution (steps 271, 281). After the resolution raising and lowering operation is completed, Then reset the counter (1 4) in the fourth figure to zero (step 2 9), and then re-enter the process, select the corresponding level table according to the resolution situation at this time, and perform the aforementioned judgment step value or rotation. The level of the code and the steps of the resolution raising and lowering process' until the end So far, it is seen that this operation flow, i.e., to provide - with species can be output step value or a code state of the PCM codec elastically change the effect of the parsing control signals. The structure of the quantizer and inverse quantizer controlled by the resolution control signal can be shown in Figures 6A and B. For the internal setting of multiple sets corresponding to 8 papers, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) is applicable. A4 size (210 X 297 mm) ^ --------- tTi ------- Wire (please read the precautions on the back first-this page) 4 S 3 η Ν-Ι »'! Α7 Β7 Printed by Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 5. Explanation of the invention (Quantitative tables (51) to (53) with the same resolution and inverse quantization tables (6 1) to (6 3) (in this example) It is only represented by three sets of quantization tables and inverse quantization tables), and a multiplexer (54) (64) where connected to each set of quantization tables (51) to (53) or inverse scales (61) to (63) The composition 'selects different quantization tables through the resolution input signal, to achieve different resolution quantization or inverse quantization processing on the input shell material, forming a tunable resolution quantizer and inverse quantizer structure. 3 " That is, the example can be used to specifically explain the present invention can be changed with the input signal or step: the resolution of the resolution, the seventh B picture shows a Q1 encoding benefits The waveform diagram of the position. On the drawing t, the step value (De ^ ta) is represented by a thick black line. «The thick dashed line represents the output code (㈤e), and the thin line shows the error value (perr) signal of the input position of the gauge. In the waveform, the cost and the axis of the waveform can be unit voltage 'and the horizontal axis represents the number of pens or time. The seventh C chart is an explanation of the data changes corresponding to the waveform of the seventh B chart, and the seventh C chart A, Under the initial conditions, the phase value of the resolution is 4, and the initial value of the counter is ◦. In the first to third data, the 'step value and the output code did not exceed the level value, so the counter is still 0, but the white value of v J1 exceeded the upper limit in the fourth stroke, so the counter value in the fifth stroke changed to two (force 1) and because the step value of the fifth data also exceeded the upper limit, so the count was 55 again Add 1 'At this time, the upper limit of the counter has been exceeded. Therefore, the resolution of the sixth asset has risen to 8 U. Select the reference level data with a resolution of 8 and reset the counter to zero for recount processing' The advantages of the buffer provided by the upper and lower limit levels of the counter of the present invention can be found in In the eleven strokes, you can clearly see the standard ^ country-Gujia standard equipment ----.---- order i ----.---- line (please read the precautions on the back before reading. Page) ^ 5304 A7 '^ -------- B7__ 5. Explanation of the invention ($) and' Although the output code in the seventh stroke has a large number of changes instantaneously, the count value at the eighth stroke is increased by 1 'Naturally, the output code of the eighth data order drops below the lower limit instantaneously.' In order to reduce the count value to zero again, to provide an appropriate buffer without over-reaction, and in the ninth to eleventh steps, The output code value is too low for four consecutive strokes, causing the count value to continuously decrease below minus 2 ', so the resolution is automatically adjusted to 4 at the twelfth stroke to restore the low resolution mode. Based on the explanation of the above examples, it should be known that the present invention provides a design that can flexibly adjust the quantization resolution as the step value or the output code changes, forming a solution that can be derived from the excessive step value. The problem is that the PCM encoding and decoding method and structure that results in lower quantization errors are indeed a novel and progressive design. While the foregoing examples refer to the step value or the change status of the \ output code for resolution However, in practice, only one of them can be used as a judgment criterion. For example, the step adaptor (7 0) of the third A picture is removed and converted to the dpcm compression coding architecture. The resolution of the present invention The adjuster (丄 〇) can still automatically adjust the output resolution only by changing the output code, which also belongs to the scope of the present invention. Install ---------- Order --------- line (Please read the precautions on the back before shovel " this page) The paper size of this paper printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Applicable Chinese National Standard x 297 male cage)