446 72 0 五、發明說明（1) 一、 先前技術 軟質泡綿是一種聚氨基甲酸乙脂，應用报廣。其最大缺 點為非常容易燃燒，且燃燒時產生熔滴，一旦發生火災， 即會造成嚴重災害，因此常加入一些阻燃劑以改善其阻燃 性。ie些阻燃劑包括碟或函素之有機化合物或三聚氰胺 (melamine)或氫氧化銘（aiumina hydrate)等。 1 987美國專利（N0. 4698369)將可膨脹石墨（expandaMe graphi te)加入泡錦中，效果顯著。可膨脹石墨為將天然 石墨經浸酸、水洗、乾燥所製成。遇高溫（約5 〇 〇 〇c以上） 時可膨脹數十到數百倍形成蠕蟲狀石墨（vermif〇rm graphite)而具阻燃效果。可膨脹石墨為中性且性質穩 定，高溫不產生有毒氣體，優於傳統之阻燃劑。1 9 9 2美國 專利（NO，5 1 69876 )進一步將可膨脹石墨配合鹵化磷酸脂 (halogenated phosphoric acid ester)使用加入泡綿 中’具優異之阻燃效果’但齒化磷酸脂含鹵素，高溫釋出 有毒氣體，對人體有害。1993美國專利（N0. 5192811)在 泡綿中添加三聚氰胺（me 1 am i ne)與可膨脹石墨，亦具優異 之阻燃效果，但三聚氰胺本身仍具中度毒性。 二、 發明目的 本發明之目的為開發一種阻燃軟質泡綿，具阻燃且低毒 性之效果。 三、 技術内容446 72 0 V. Description of the invention (1) 1. Prior technology Soft foam is a kind of polyurethane, widely used. The biggest disadvantage is that it is very easy to burn, and it generates molten droplets during combustion. Once a fire occurs, it will cause serious disasters. Therefore, some flame retardants are often added to improve its flame retardancy. Some flame retardants include organic compounds or melamine or aiumina hydrate. The US Patent No. 1 987 (No. 4698369) added expandaMe graphite to the brocade, and the effect was remarkable. Expandable graphite is made by immersing natural graphite in acid, washing with water, and drying. When exposed to high temperature (about 50000c or more), it can expand tens to hundreds of times to form vermifom graphite and has flame retardant effect. Expandable graphite is neutral and stable. It does not generate toxic gases at high temperatures, which is superior to traditional flame retardants. 1 9 9 2 US patent (NO, 5 1 69876) further uses expandable graphite with halogenated phosphoric acid ester to add to foam with 'excellent flame retardant effect', but the toothed phosphate contains halogen, high temperature Releases toxic gases and is harmful to the human body. The 1993 US patent (N0. 5192811) added melamine (expandable graphite) and expandable graphite to the foam, which also has excellent flame retardant effects, but melamine itself is still moderately toxic. 2. Purpose of the invention The purpose of the present invention is to develop a flame-retardant soft foam, which has the effects of flame-retardant and low toxicity. Third, the technical content
第5頁 ^ 46 7 2 η_____ 五、發明說明⑵ — 磷酸氫銨是一種便宜、有效且具低毒性之阻燃劑，長久 以來應用在木材、紙張、紡織品等之阻燃方面。本發明為 將磷酸氫銨配合可膨脹石墨一起加入傳統之軟質泡綿反應 物中而達到優異之阻燃效果’可以通過美國叽—94垂直燃 燒試驗規範之V0最高等級。其做法為將發泡劑、催化劑、 介面活化劑、可膨脹石墨、磷酸氫銨加入泡綿之主要反應 物多元醇（polyol)中，攪拌均勻，然後加入異氰酸鹽 一 (isocyanate)迅速攪拌後’倒入模中，開始發泡，待硬化 後即可取出。可膨脹石墨含量為多元醇的2〇〜40wt%，鱗酸 氫銨含量為多元醇的20〜40wt%。製作軟質泡綿的原料如多I 元醇、發泡劑、催化劑、介面活化劑、異氰酸鹽等則可依 泡綿本身的性質需求而加以調整。 (舉例1)稱取聚鍵多元醇（polyether polyol) 50克依序 加入水1.8 克、三乙亞乙胺（triethylene diamine) 0.75 克、矽化物介面活化劑0 5克、二月桂酸二丁錫（d i bu t y 1 tin dilaurate) 0·5克 '可膨脹石墨（約20-42網目大 小）1 0克、磷酸氫銨20克’每加入一種先攪拌均勻後再加 入另一種，最後加入二異氰酸甲苯（tolylene di-isocyanate) 44克，迅速擾拌數秒後，倒入模内發 泡，待24小時硬化取出，此樣品編號# 1。改變可膨脹石墨 及磷酸氫銨的量，分別製作樣品#2及#3 (樣品#2之可膨脹 石墨及磷酸氫敍皆為1 5克，樣品# 3之可膨脹石墨及鱗酸氩 銨分別為20克及1 〇克）°三種泡綿的密度約為〇. 〇cm3 °Page 5 ^ 46 7 2 η _____ 5. Description of the invention ⑵ — Ammonium hydrogen phosphate is a cheap, effective and low-toxic flame retardant, which has been used for a long time in the flame retardant of wood, paper, textiles, etc. The present invention is to add ammonium hydrogen phosphate together with expandable graphite to a traditional soft foam reactant to achieve excellent flame retardant effect ', which can pass the highest level V0 of the US 叽 -94 vertical combustion test specification. The method is to add a foaming agent, a catalyst, an interface activator, an expandable graphite, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate to the main reactant polyol (polyol) of the foam, stir well, and then add isocyanate to stir After 'pour into the mold, start foaming, can be removed after hardening. The expandable graphite content is 20 to 40% by weight of the polyol, and the ammonium bisulfate content is 20 to 40% by weight of the polyol. The raw materials for making soft foam, such as polyhydric alcohols, foaming agents, catalysts, interface activators, isocyanates, etc. can be adjusted according to the properties of the foam itself. (Example 1) Weigh 50 grams of polyether polyol, sequentially add 1.8 grams of water, 0.75 grams of triethylene diamine, 0.5 grams of silicide interface activator, and dibutyltin dilaurate (Di bu ty 1 tin dilaurate) 0.5 grams of 'expandable graphite (approximately 20-42 mesh size) 10 grams, 20 grams of ammonium hydrogen phosphate', each one is added, stir well before adding another, and finally add two different 44g of tolylene di-isocyanate, stir quickly for a few seconds, pour into the mold to foam, and wait for 24 hours for hardening to take it out. This sample number # 1. Change the amount of expandable graphite and ammonium hydrogen phosphate to make samples # 2 and # 3 respectively (the expandable graphite and hydrogen phosphate of sample # 2 are 15 grams, the expandable graphite of sample # 3 and ammonium arginate are respectively 〇cm3 ° 20 grams and 10 grams) ° The density of the three kinds of foam
第6頁 446 7 2 0 五 '發明說明¢3) 切取試片（大小為13x1 3x1 27mm)依美國UL-94垂直燃燒試驗 規範進行測試。UL-94垂直燃燒試驗規範分三種等級，即 VO、VI及V2。試片經標準火焰燃燒1 0秒後移開火焰，若試 片於10秒内自熄且無熔滴者為V0等級，若試片於30秒内自 熄且無熔滴者為VI等級，若試片於30秒内自熄但產生熔滴 者為V2等級。本例中三種試片皆通過V0等級。Page 6 446 7 2 0 5 'Explanation of the invention ¢ 3) Cut the test piece (13x1 3x1 27mm) to test in accordance with the US UL-94 vertical combustion test specifications. The UL-94 vertical combustion test specification is divided into three levels, namely VO, VI and V2. The test piece is removed from the flame after burning for 10 seconds with a standard flame. If the test piece self-extinguishes within 10 seconds and has no molten droplets, it is classified as V0. If the test piece self-extinguishes within 30 seconds but generates droplets, it is classified as V2. In this example, all three test pieces passed the V0 rating.
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