經濟部智慧財產居MK工消費合作社印製 444^8 9 A7 B7 五、發明說明（I ) 發明背景 本發明關於通信網路，特別關於認證資料輸送之電話 線之系統。 在此技藝中爲人所知，公共交換電話網路，即所謂普 通老電話服務(POTS)電線之原始設計爲電話通信，而其涵i 蓋之頻帶寬（約4KHz)亦有限。現今，希望能利用相同之 POTS線供資料輸送。然而資料信號具有與話頻信號不同 之頻率特性。因此，能良好輸送話頻信號之POTS線輸送 資料信號不盡良好，甚至不能輸送。電話公司要了解何一 電線適合輸送，及認證，及那些電線不能輸送資料信號。 電話公司亦須了解，爲何特殊電線不能輸送資料信號，及 原因何在以便決定輸送線是否可改正。 電話網路原始設計係供電話通信。電話通信涵蓋有限 之頻帶寬。有些情況下，電話線可爲此頻率範圍之信號作 最佳之服務。即使電線不能對話頻信號最佳，亦無誘因使 此電線操作於其他頻率，通常公司不作此想^ 現在’想利用此電線供資料輸送之用。資料信號與話 頻信號之頻率特性不同。因此，輸送話頻信號良好之電話 線輸送資料信號頻率時，可能不盡良好，甚至不能輸送。 電話公司必須了解那些電線可輸送資料信號，而用此電線 輸送資料信號。 線認證爲一作出訂戶迴路品質之聲明之全面能力，其 關於傳送電話通信(POTS)或資料服務之能力。失去資格係 以高度自信作出聲明，指出訂戶迴路如不加改正則無法支 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家株準（CNS>A4規格<210>«297公；8n (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, MK Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives 444 ^ 8 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (I) Background of the Invention The present invention relates to communication networks, and in particular to a system for authenticating telephone lines for data transmission. It is known in this art that the original design of the public switched telephone network, the so-called ordinary old telephone service (POTS) wire, was for telephone communication, and its frequency bandwidth (about 4KHz) was also limited. Nowadays, we hope to use the same POTS line for data transmission. However, data signals have different frequency characteristics from voice signals. Therefore, the POTS line, which can transmit voice signals well, does not transmit the data signals well, and cannot even transmit. The telephone company needs to know what wires are suitable for transmission and certification, and those wires cannot carry data signals. The telephone company must also understand why special wires cannot carry data signals, and what are the reasons for deciding whether the line can be corrected. The telephone network was originally designed for telephone communication. Telephone communication covers a limited frequency bandwidth. In some cases, telephone lines can provide the best service for signals in this frequency range. Even if the wire does not have the best frequency signal, there is no incentive to operate the wire at other frequencies. Usually the company does not think about it now. ‘I want to use this wire for data transmission. The frequency characteristics of data signals and voice signals are different. Therefore, when a telephone line that transmits a good voice signal transmits a data signal frequency, it may not be as good or even impossible. The telephone company must know which wires can carry data signals and use this wire to carry data signals. Online certification is a comprehensive ability to make a statement of subscriber circuit quality, its ability to transmit telephone communications (POTS) or data services. Disqualification is a statement with a high degree of self-confidence, stating that the subscriber circuit cannot be supported without correction. 4 This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS > A4 Specifications < 210 > «297 公; 8n (Please read the notes on the back first) (Fill in this page again)
--—訂— I 線 ί 444489 Α7 > _ Β7 五、發明說明（v) 援資料服務之能力。預先認證係以高度自信作出聲明，指 出訂戶迴路不必改正即可支援資料服務之能力》 電話經營公司（TELCO‘s)在解決訂戶傳送資料迴路之 認證上有二問題。第一爲策略性。TELCO，s不樂意運用現 有之技術傳送資料(即ISDN或ADSL)，因爲有一不確定性 ’即訂戶迴路是否有足夠高之品質，以使技術運用可達經 濟上成功。此一事實使早期採納者失去信心，因爲作爲第 —個運用此技術者要冒險，因爲此技術可能在其存取網路 中不會成功。如TELCO‘s被提供一技術，其可將初次運用 此技術之大部份風險消除，其可獲得市場之分享並可形成 競爭之局面。 第二個問題爲戰術性，其發生在TELCO已決定使用 此特殊技術之後。有一需要，即主動性或反應性的對定戶 要求服務’或TELCO已標定傳送之服務用特定線加以認 證。例如’如TELCO已上市及提供新服務，其會將目標 放在那些能支援服務之訂戶迴路及/或最少之施工上。另一 例，TELCO自訂戶收到新服務要求希望獲得資訊時，其是 否接受或拒絕係根據其電線之情況而定。 美國伊利諾州Deerfield市Teradyne公司出售之產品 4TEL過去一直被用以支援線認證POTS之輸送。4TEL之 技術對準確偵出對話頻及FSK調變解調器構成傷害之條件 之位置最有用處。現代資料傳輸技術（如用於 V.34,V.90，[SDN,及ADSL)以將載波頻率移位方式將資料編 碼。因此，此等技術依靠固定之端至端及差動輸送特性(即 5 表纸張尺度適用中國困家棵準（CNS)A4规格（210 X 297公« ) (請先間讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -------訂--------線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消f合作社印製 ^ 444489 A7 一 B7 五、發明說明（>7 ) 相位與回聲）。 一條電話線係由二線對組成，稱爲尖端及環。通常％ 端及環線應有相同之電特性。線之平衡最爲理想。在平衡 線中’每一線之電阻，電容及電感相等。如線之電容，電 感或電阻彼此不同，則不平衡出現》 利用單一點測量以鑑定電話線之一個特別困難情況係 稱爲串聯電阻性不平衡。串聯電阻性不平衡可導入迴路之 二線間之不同相位位移。串聯電阻之原因可能由於非冷焊 電線包封，IDC，或乾焊接點。失效連接之接點上造成之氧 化使串聯電阻不穩定，因此，由於通過接點流過電流之變 化’隨時間改變了相移，接點之進一步氧化及接點之機械 運動等。較高速度調變解調器將許多位元編碼進入此等載 波頻率之相位移位中。因此即使微小之串聯電阻不平衡， 可使資料產量降低，誤差及成串。利用ISDN,相位中之位 移使脈波中之能量重叠在同步信號中，或重疊在另一脈衝 所佔之時間中，因此，造成字符（symbol)間失真及/或失去 同步。可見類比及數位輸送法均品質下降，二者均易受串 聯電阻中之微小不穩定之影響。穩定之串聯電阻，即使其 値甚高，亦可成功的補償類比調變解調器之內部電路，或 U介面之ISDN。 偵出串聯電阻不平衡甚爲重要，因爲，較大不平衡値 可影響POTS，即降低迴路電流位準。不平衡可能甚大 (2000歐姆或更大），撥號音調可能聽不到，或振鈴電流可 能不足以啓動電話或調變解調器中之振鈴電路。當論及資 6 ί -------- I I ---- - 訂 i ----- --線 \ (請先閱讀背面之注意亊項再填寫本頁) · · 本紙張尺度適用_困困家標準（〇^)八4规格（210>*297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員Η消費合作社印製 £ 4444 8 9 五、發明說明（斗） 料傳輸時，偵出2000歐姆以下之不平衡亦同等重要。任何 造成相移之串聯電阻及雜音均在訂戶迴路上達成之資料輸 出量上有不良效應。 一電話公司應預先認證電線之高資料率作業，如ISDN 及ADSL。曾經預先認證之電線可以較高價格租出。具有 不平衡之電線不可作此等高資料率服務。 發明槪要 根據本發明，提供一方法以認證一輸送線供傳輸資料 信號。方法包括自一電線之終端測量輸送線中之相位不平 衡。 當電線不平衡時，電話線之用戶可能注意到可聽到之 雜音或降低之聲音品質形式之性能上之品質降低。當此電 線用來輸送資料時，不平衡可能限制電線可操作之資料輸 出量。但’吾人瞭解不平衡之改變最能影響資料輸送。 根據本發明之另一特性，備有一方法以認證—輸送線 以傳送資料信號。此方法包括自電線之終端測量輸送線中 之不平衡。 根據本發明之另一特性，備有—方法以認證一輸送線 以傳送資料信號》此方法包括施加一共同電壓(即共同模式 電壓）至輸送線；及決定電線中之相位不平衡以響應所加之 共同模式電壓。此相位不平衡代表一輸送線中產生之信號 之相位與所加之電壓間之相位差；及在輸送線中另一支產 生之信號及所加電壓間之相位差。 根據本發明另一特性，設有一方法以分析一輸送線， 7 本紙張尺度適用+國國家棵準（CNS>A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----II-----— —！1 訂·--I--—1·線· Θ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) - 4 4 4 3 9 Λ7 __B7___ 五、發明說明（< ) 其中，一具有在一頻率範圍頻率變化之共同模式電壓加在 一對輸送線上：測量輸送線中每條線中信號與所加之共同 模式電壓之相位或強度以響應在頻率範圍上所加之共同模 式電壓；決定一對電線中之相位不平衡以響應在頻率範圍 上所加之共同模式電壓；偵出頻率範圍中決定之相位不平 衡之峰値：決定偵出之峰値之頻率。 根據本發明另一特性，設有一方法以認證一輸送線以 傳輸資料信號。此方法包括施加具有在一頻率範圍上變化 之共同模式電壓在輸送線上；決定輸送線中相位不平衡以 響應所加在頻率範圍之共同模式電壓；偵出頻率範圍已決 定之相位不平衡中之峰値；決定偵出之峰値之頻率；根據 決定之頻率決定線認證。 根據本發明又一特性，設有一方法以自動認證多個扭 絞對輸送線。此方法包括自一控制器饋送信號至一開關連 接至輸送線之終端，該開關耦合至一測量單元。自測量單 元之測試信號經由根據控制器饋至開關之控制信號耦合至 輸送線。爲響應測試信號，測量單元將選擇之輸送線中每 一電線間之電阻不平衡予以隔離。控制器爲響應隔離之電 阻不平衡’決定資料信號之選擇之輸送線之認證。 根據本發明另一特性，設有一系統以供自動認證複數 個輸送線。此系統包括一耦合至複數個輸送線之終端之開 關。尙備有一控制器以饋送資料至開關。一個測量單元係 耦合至開關及控制器。此測量單元適於自測量單元經由開 關饋送測試信號至選擇之一輸送線。根據控制器饋送至開 8 冬纸張尺度適用史因國家標準（CNS)A4蚬格（210x297公》) """^~ (請先閱璜背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^丨 訂---------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局具工消費合作社印製 444489 五、發明說明（e) 關之控制信號，選擇一輸送線。測量單元將被選擇之輸送 線中之每對電線間之電阻不平衡隔離以響應饋至該被選輸 送線之測試信號。爲了響應被隔離之阻抗不平衡，控制器 適於決定認證被選之資料信號輸送線。 根據本發明之另一特性，設有~方法以決定具有一對 電線之輸送線上之不平衡之型式。此方法包括:饋送一頻率 變化之信號至輸送線對；決定電線對中之相位不平衡以響 應加在頻率範圍之共同模式電壓；測量被選擇之一對輸送 線已決定之相位不平衡中之峰値頻率；及將決定之頻率與 預期相位平衡之電線對之參考頻率加以比較以決定電線間 不平衡之型式。 根據本發明之另一特性，設有一方法供找出選擇之測 試線上之不平衡之位置》此方法包栝:施加一共同模式頻率 變化電壓至輸送線之絞線；測量在每一絞線對輸送線上之 電壓與所加電壓相關之相位；計算絞線對輸送線對在變化 頻率之導納；自在變化頻率測得之導納獲得選擇之輸送線 之電容；將獲得之電容除以測試下輸送線之每單位長度至 地之電容，以產生一商數；由該產生之商數，計算出不平 衡之距離。 根據本發明另一特性，設有一方法以找出選擇之測試 線上之不平衡之強度及位置。此方法包括:決定串聯電阻不 平衡之存在；如不平衡存在時，建立不平衡之位置及/或強 度。不平衡之位置以下列方式找出:施加頻率改變共同模式 電壓至輸送線；測量輸送線之每條電線上電壓之相位；決 9 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -I I----訂 j ϊ — I---線· 本紙張又度適用令a國家橾準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公a ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 44 4 8 9 A? ___B7_ 五、發明說明（^)) 定扭絞雙線中之相位不平衡以響應所加之共同模式電壓； 偵出決定之相位不平衡之峰値；決定偵出之峰値頻率·，將 測量之電壓之強度決對値及偵出之峰値與測試下型式之輸 送線之參考資料表加以比較；根據此比較決定不平衡之位 置。不平衡之強度由下列方式決定:施加一共同模式電壓至 絞線對輸送線：測量絞線對輸送線之每條線上之電壓相位 :決定絞線對之相位不平衡以響應所加之共同模式電壓； 偵出決定之相位不平衡之峰値；決定偵出之峰値之頻率； 將偵出之峰値之頻率與測試下輸送線之參考資料表加以比 較：及根據此比較預估不平衡之強度。 圖式簡單說明 本發明之此等特性將可自以下之詳細說明及參考所附 圖式，變爲更加明顯，其中： 圖1.爲根據本發明之具有一絞線對輸送線資料信號認 證測試系統之POTS系統圖； 圖2爲圖1代表本發明測試系統之測量單元簡化圖， 此單元耦合至圖1之POTS系統之複數個絞線對輸送線選 擇之一條，此輸送線以等値電路代之； 圖3爲圖2之測量單元之較佳實施例之方塊圖； 圖4爲一流程圖，顯示所取之步驟以使本發明之資料 服務輸送線取銷資格； 圖5爲一流程圖，顯示所取之步驟一預先認證供本發 明資料服務之輸送線； 圖6爲一流程圖，顯示一所取之步驟以使本發明供 10 本紙張尺度適用中困B家橾攀（CNSJA4規格（210x297公S ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> 訂---------線· 444489 五、發明說明（f ) V.90資料服務之輸送線失去資格； 圖7爲一流程圖顯示所取之步驟以識別本發明輸送線 上之出現之不平衡之型式； 圖8爲一曲線顯示在一平衡之6000-呎，24規格之扭 絞對輸送線之二線之相位與頻率之關係： 圖9爲一曲線顯示頻率之相位差’及在6000-呎’ 24 規格上之以3000-呎處之電容性不平衡之F2(已平衡）及FPk 之間之關係； 圖10爲一圖形顯示頻率之相位差，及以扭絞對輸送線 之6000-呎，24規格之3000-呎處之電感性不平衡之F2(已 平衡)及Fpk間之關係； 圖11爲一圖形顯示頻率之相位差，及扭絞對輸送線之 6000-呎，24規格在3000-呎處之500歐姆串聯電阻性不平 衡之FI，F2(已平衡)及Fpk間之關係； 圖12爲一圖形顯示電阻性、電感性及電容性不平衡頻 率之相位差，及在絞對輸送線上之平衡相位； 圖13爲一流程圖指出，根據本發明之電容至地之測量 方法以尋找輸送線上不平衡之位置所需之步驟； 圖14爲一流程圖，其指出利用本發明之相位差峰値方 法尋找及預估輸送線上一不平衡之位置❶ 較佳實施例之說明 參考圖1所示之POTS電話網路10。網路10包括經 由輸送線Η連接至一開關12(其係爲，或連接至中央局)之 複數個訂戶11’該輸送線在許多情況下爲絞線對。一中央 (請先閱讀背面之泫意事項再填寫本頁) ------- I 訂------1 * 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用令因國家標準<CNS>A·!规格（2丨0x297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 444^9? 五、發明說明（q) 化測試系統控制器(Tsc)16連接至一或多個測量單元丨8， 並適於決定絞線對輸送線14是否合乎資料信號輸送之認證 。測量單元18連接至開關12如圖所示。測試控制系統控 制器16，測量單元18及開關I2均爲互相連接，如美國專 利號碼5,699,4〇2所揭示者’指定給本發明之同一受讓人 ，該全部內容倂入此間。測量單元18稍後將詳述。單元 18適於被要求後測試扭絞線對，或自電線之程式化之表自 動測試。應注意一訂戶之輸送迴路可自中央局測試，因爲 每一測試單元18可經由開關I2存取每一訂戶，此處所用 之技術利用通過開關12之測試信號而無不當之失真。單元 18可經由位於切換元件12中之切換測試匯流排存取以測 試一訂戶迴路。交換測試匯流排自開關12將電線脫接，及 將其連接至測量單元18。 明確而言，設有系統Π供自動決定複數個扭絞對輸送 線11之認證。系統丨3包括控制器16及測量單元18，該 單元耦合至開關〖2。開關12亦耦合至複數個扭絞對輸送 線14之終端。控制器16爲一電腦化工作站，如商用SUN 電腦出品之工作站’其提供可饋送信號至開關〖2及測量單 元1S。測量單元18將以圖2詳細說明。測量單元18耦合 至開關丨2及控制器，該單元I2適於饋送自測量單元 之測試信號經開關I2至選擇之一扭絞對輸送線14。選擇 之一扭絞對輸送線14係根據控制器16饋至開關12之控制 信號而選。此外’測量單元18將選擇之〜扭絞對輸送線 I4之一對線T，R間之電阻性不平衡隔離，以響應饋至該選 本纸張尺度適用令S ®家樣準（CNS)A4堤格·（210 * 297公笼） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^-------- 訂---------線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印" 4 44489 五、發明說明（) 擇之一扭絞對輸送線14之測試信號’其方式稍後再述。控 制器16，爲響應隔絕之電阻性不平衡’適於決定供資料信 號輸送之選擇之一扭絞對輸送線14之認證。 認證一訂戶迴路以供資料輸送時’中央化測試系統控 制器16自許多來源收集資料，其中之一爲測量單元18。 測試系統控制器I6利用適當硬體及軟體，應用此資料設定 一組規則，用以決定被測試之線是否能載負資料輸送信號( 即該線是否合格）。以下步驟由控制器16利用已知程式化 技術，由其中程式化之軟體執行。 一種決定供資料輸送之訂戶迴路，特別是ISDN或 ADSL型資料輸送是否適合之方法，爲反認證方法。此反 認證方法可使電話公司測試其輸送線，以決定何線可支持 資料輸送，以便使不能支持輸送之線失去資格。在反認證 方法下，測試系統控制器16收集數種關於測試線之因素包 括:（1)利用已知技術決定限制長度；（2)利用任何已知技術 決定出現在線上之任何DC金屬缺失之強度；（3)利用任何 已知技術決定線之電容性平衡；（4)利用任何已知技術偵測 線上負載線圈之存在，如由Yim Zhang以標題爲“快速及噪 音不敏感負載狀態偵測”申請之美國專利申請號碼 08/929,842，該申請以參考方式倂入此間；（5)利用任何已 知技術決定線上之混合噪音：（6)利用任何下述之技術決定 線上之電阻性平衡。但應瞭解，利用較以上技術爲少或利 用額外檢查均可使電線失去資格》 參考圖4 ,測試系統控制器16利用適當之硬體及軟體 13 --— — — — — —— — — — - I I I ---—訂 — 線 θ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ， · 本紙張尺度適用中囤國家標準<CNS)A‘t規樁〇!10 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ^ 4 4 4 8 9 λ； B7 五、發明說明（d) ，執行以下之規則以決定電線是否不能輸送資料。如測試 系統決定下列狀況’則該線即失去資格； 線長度大於某一閥値’最好在4_6公里之範圍’更好 在5.5公里（步驟4〇1);或金屬缺失小於某一閥値，最好在 80-200千歐姆之範圍，最好在1〇〇千歐姆(步驟402);或 電容性不平衡大於某閥値，最好在0-5%之範圍，最好在大 於0°/。(步驟402);或 負載線圈被偵出(步驟4〇4);或 噪音大於某一閥値，最好以經驗決定(步驟406);或 電阻性不平衡大於某一閥値，最好在0-50%之範圍， 或串聯電阻不穩定，意即測量之串聯電阻不平衡，由於參 考一參考測量，其改變大於某閥値。 吾人瞭解使一電線失去資格並非需要此等測量。此外 ，吾人瞭解每一測試所用之閥値可能不同，視資料服務之 型別而定。例如，ISDN資料服務在串聯電阻性不平衡之某 一不穩定位準下，可操作於較V.90爲低之誤差率。在用戶 或其他因素規定之可接受位元誤差率及實際經驗等因素下 ，閥値可由經驗決定》 認證供資料輸送之訂戶迴路之另一方法爲預先認證法 。預先認證法可使電話公司測試其訂戶迴路，以決定何線 可以支援ISDN及ADSL型資料服務。在預先認證方法下 ，測試系統控制器16作以上所述反認證方法相同之測量。 圖5說明一訂戶線可用預先認證以作資料服務之方法 。注意圖1中之系統由適當之程式化及指令輸入控制器16 本纸張尺度適用令困囲家標準<CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐> ---I-----i i — — — — — —-----線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 44-489 五、發明說明（a) 中，以測試連接至開關之所有或某些電線之子組。非常 簡單，如利用上述之測試並配合圖式未能使一電線失去資 格，可以高度自信結論，該線即可作資料服務。注意，所 有認證電線之各測量可自電線之一端實施，及可經由一開 關實施。 認證資料輸送之電線之第三個方法爲V,90反認證方法 ^ V.90反認證方法啓動中央控制系統16測試一輸送線， 以決定其是否可以處理V.90類比調變解調器。 如圖6所示，如測試系統控制器16利用適當硬體及軟 體決定下列各項，則一電線將失去資格供V.90資料輸送: 利用任何已知技術，線電路型式等於一對增益(步驟601); 或利用任何已知技術偵出線電路型式等於通用DLC(步驟 602);或利用任何已知技術偵出幹線至RAS路徑等於類比 (步驟603);或利用任何下述技術偵出電阻性不平衡大於某 閥値(步驟604)，該値在較佳實施例中爲1000歐姆，或不 平衡爲不穩定，意即測得之不平衡之改變大於某些閥値。 在一較佳實施例中，此閥値爲5%。但，當不平衡之強度增 加時，較小百分比之不平衡可以忍受。因此，穩定測量之 閥値可爲不平衡強度之函數。如一電線不能供V.90模式之 用’利用該線操作之調變解調器操作在較慢之速度，稱爲 V.34。再者’作業員不必在每案中檢查此等所有狀況，因 爲，在某些情況下子組亦被允許3 應注意每一方法（即反認證，預先認證，及V.90反認 證)包括輸送線之電線間之電阻不平衡測量。特別是，電阻 本紙張尺度適用_國國家標畢（CNS)A4規格（210*297公t > --------- ---I---- ^«JIIIIH ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) - · B7 444489 五、發明說明（4 ) 不平衡之穩定性在供資料信號之輸送線之認證非常重要。 缺乏穩定性對信號特別構成傷害，因信號中之資訊係以信 號之相位編碼。因爲一移位不平衡可造成與鄰近之脈衝相 混，因此亦造成傷害。測量不平衡之穩定性之一種方法爲 在一區間上採取多個測量，該區間約爲一秒。不平衡之改 變可自該視窗中之測量中之改變偵出。第二種亦可能爲較 快之方式，測量一不平衡之穩定性之方法爲繪製測試線之 相位與頻率之曲線。如電阻性不平衡爲不穩定，曲線將爲 不平滑（此處之平滑並無數學意義），反之，曲線上可能有 許多紋波或可能之不連續。此不穩定之電阻可經由一自動 技術偵出，以便用此等特性辨認曲線。 參考圖12，測量單元18測量一扭絞對線14之R及T 線之電阻性不平衡。當此測量單元18與訂戶輸送迴路連接 時’可用以決定扭絞對線14是否有資格輸送資料，如上所 述。測量單元18包括一信號源30，此處爲一電壓源，其 適於將其頻率掃掠以響應由控制器16所饋至之信號。測量 單元18尙包括一對平衡(具有相同電阻値)之電阻器R1及 R2及一對電壓表22及24。電壓源施加一共同模式電壓至 扭絞對輸送線之一對電線T，R。電壓源特別有一端點參考 至地電位，及另一端點經由電阻器R1及R2共同連接至一 對線T及R如圖所示。電壓表22，24之提供係分別測量 在尖端線Τ'之節點NT上及環線R之節點NR上電壓之強 度與相位。 此外’圖2中之測量單元18在圖3中以測量單元184 16 本紙張尺度適用中國a家標攀（CNS)A‘l規格（210 x 297公釐） ------1 ---I I I --------^ i I ---I I ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> ， · 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4444 8 9 B7 五、發明說明（a) 表之。測量單元U’包括一信號源30‘，其含一數位電壓頻 率控制器31耦合至數位至類比轉換器32,二者均連接至 一時脈33。信號源30’之設計使其頻率掃掠以響應由控制 器16所加之信號。尙包括於測量單元18‘中者爲一對平衡 之電阻器R1及R2，及一對類比至數位轉換器22,及24‘， 亦連接至時脈33。類比至數位轉換器22,及23‘測量尖端線 T之節點NT及環線R之節點RT之電壓之強度及相位。 圖12中顯不扭絞對輸送線14之一範例等値電路。注 意環線R及尖端線Τ分別包括串聯電阻RR及RT，及分路 電容CR及CT。在尖端及環電線ΊΓ與R間尙有電容CRT 如圖示。注意線T及環線R間之電阻性不平衡AR此處以 環線R代表。爲偵出及隔離在一測試扭絞對輸送線14之 電阻性不平衡，在測試系統控制器16之控制下，採取下列 步驟： (1) 信號源30經由平衡電阻器R1及R2施加一掃掠頻 率激勵與地共同模式之電壓至構成輸送線14之每一線R 及T。此信號之範圍典型在（M0伏峰値，並在控制器16 之控制下在頻率f自0-20KHZ間掃掠。 (2) 電壓表22及24測量與地之節點T及R之每一信號 之合成強度及相位。此等電壓爲頻率f之函數，稱爲Va(f) 及Vb(f)。相位不平衡等於（I)與所加電壓相關之扭絞對輸 送線之一條線中產生之信號相位；及(2)與所加電壓相關之 扭絞對輸送線中另一條電線產生之信號相位間之相位差^ (3) 電壓Va(f)之相位於是與電壓Vb(f)之相位加以比較 17 {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -1 訂---------線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 衣紙張尺度適用中困國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297 經濟部智竑財產局員工，消f合作社印製 f 4444 89 A7 B7 五、發明說明（d) 作爲頻率之函數，以決定線τ及線R間之相位不平衡(即 之相位，與Vb(f)，<|)a(f)間之相位差’ ΔΦ，作爲頻率 f之函數，造成吾人有一相位差，換言之’即相位不平衡 ，等於Δφ(〇=(Κί)- b(f))。如一線丨4已平衡’即已無電阻 性，電感性或電容性不平衡存在，於是自線R測量之信號將 等於自線T測量之信號之強度，Va(f)及Vb(f)，及相位 <μ(〇及仲(〇，作爲頻率之函數。如一線爲不平衡，於是在 Τ及R測量之信號之強度Va(f)及Vb(f)，或相位忭⑴及 (J)b(f),或二者，作爲頻率之函數，均不等。 (4)如相位不平衡存在(即Δφ?0)，控制器16進行發生 最大相位不平衡之頻率加以測量。此値稱爲相位峰値頻率 或 Fpk ° 參考圖7，爲識別在測試線上不平衡之型別，如存在 時，控制器16利用適當之硬體及軟體完成下列分析。控制 器16首先建立二參考頻率F1及F2(步驟701)。F1及F2 根據選擇之一對輸送線之長度予以計算，用以協助存在之 電阻性不平衡之型別。較低參考頻率稱爲F1，及較高參考 頻率稱爲F2。頻率F1爲經驗限定之頻率等於F2之0.4倍 ，即F2除以2.5。F2爲一頻率，在此頻率時一相位峰値， Fpk發生在測試輸送線14之平衡電線R或Τ上。例如，圖 8顯示平衡之扭絞對輸送線14之6000呎長，24規格之相 位Va(f)對頻率ο在此例中，F2等於3.86KHz，Fl等於 約丨·5ΚΗζ。 以在測試下之線14而言，F2之決定係利用以下三種 本纸張尺度適用中S困家標单（CNS>A4規格（210 X 297公m ------------· ---ί—— 訂----- ----線 ^ <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) - 444489 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明說明（士） 方法:第一，F2可在線14爲良好狀態時測量’該項量度可 儲存在一系統中’如掲示在上述參考之美國專利號碼第 5,699,402號；第二，F2可自鑑別線長度及迴路記錄之線 電纜記錄中計算；及第三’ F2可利用已知技術’自測量線 長度及測量迴路電阻予以計算。 其次，控制器16以比較線W測得之Fpk與其原來建 立之F1及F2頻率(步驟7〇2)方式鑑定出現在輸送線I4上 之不平衡之型式。如不平衡爲電容器，可能由單腳脫接所 造成，控制器16如發現Fpk發生在F1之前(步驟7〇3) ’ 不平衡爲電容性》例如，圖9顯示計算之相位不平衡Δφσ) ，此相位不平衡係在與ΦΜί)間之電阻性不平衡，其位 於自扭絞對輸送線24規格之6000呎長度上之測量單元18 之3000呎處，即單一腳已脫接，重疊在上述之F2之曲線 上。此處，測試輸送線之Fpk發生在FI之前，顯示不平 衡爲電容性，如控制器16所鑑定者。 其次，如不平衡爲電感性，此係由接線錯誤負載線圈 所造成，於是控制器16以是否有二Fpks，一爲正及一爲 負而鑑定，或如僅有一 Fpk，Fpk發生於F2之後（步驟 704)而決定。例如，圖10顯示一計算之相位差，△<!>(〇,其 係在忭⑴與間之電感性不平衡，位於6000呎扭絞對 輸送線之3000呎處，壘加在F2之曲線上。此處，測試輸 送線之Fpks在Fpkl及Fpk2發生二次，指出不平衡爲電感 性，如控制器16所鑑定者。 此外’如不平衡爲電阻性，其可能由不相等之串聯電 本紙張尺度適用中困國家標率（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐> -If---------------^ · I-------線 ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ' . 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4444 89 Λ7 ______Β7_ 五、發明說明（、°| ) 阻造成，於是控制器16以決定Fpk是否發生在F1之後， 但在F2之前(步驟705)而予以鑑定。例如，圖11顯示計算 之相位差Δφ(0,其係在<j)a(f)與之間之500歐姆串聯電 阻性不平衡，位於距測量單元3000呎之處，壘加在F2之 曲線上。此處，Fpk發生在F1之後，而在F2之前，顯示 此不平衡爲電阻性。 圖12顯示所有四種情況，在扣⑴與朴⑴間一電容性 不平衡之相差Δφ(ί)，在扭絞對輸送線I4上之電感性不平 衡或串聯電阻不平衡，及平衡之扭絞對輸送線Μ之如⑴或 ，壘加在相同曲線上。 此外，控制器16由注意線之相位至頻率測量爲不穩定 (步驟706) ’而可決定在一扭絞對輸送線上何時出現一非常 不穩定（即隨時間改變）之串聯電阻性不平衡。此種不穩定 情況對其他不平衡條件很少爲真實。 在決定一測試線上一不平衡之型式後，控制器16亦可 提供一方式以發現扭絞對輸送線14上不平衡之位置。有許 多可能之技術以找出測試線上之不平衡。以下爲控制器16 所用之二較佳技術以測量自測量單元18至不平衡之距離。 圖13爲一流程圖，提供一方法由測試系統控制器16 利用以發現扭絞對輸送線14中不平衡電阻之位置。此方法 稱爲電容至地之測量方法。首先，扭絞對輸送線14之每一 線T及R之電容至地利用已知技術(步驟13(H)予以測量D 其次’以掃掠(交流)共同模式電壓加至扭絞對輸送線14上 ’及由測量單元〖8(步驟1302)測出在線R及線T上電壓之 _ 20 本纸張尺度適用中固g家棵準（CNSJA4規格（21G ~-' " (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明說明（β ) 合成強度，Va(f)，Vb(f)及合成相位<l>a(f)，(t)b(f)。於是，此等 値用來計算扭絞對輸送線Η在此等頻率(步驟Π03)之導納 。其次，測試線I4之電容可直接計算此等頻率及導納（步 驟1304)予以直接計算。於是，控制器16將步驟1301所 取得之電容量度與自步驟13〇4導納測量獲得之電容量度加 以比較（步驟1305)。如在二線上均無串聯電阻性不平衡存 在’在較低頻率測量之電容將較在較高頻率測量之電容稍 小。如串聯電阻性不平衡存在於輸送線14中，則在8KHz 測量之電容則大幅小於在25Hz測量之電容。最後，控制 器16可估計至不平衡之距離，其方法爲將8KHz獲得之電 容除以測試下之扭絞對輸送線14之每單位長度至地電容， 及比較發現値與參考資料(步驟1306)〇 圖14提供一流程圖供測試系統控制器16之第二個方 法，以發現扭絞對輸送線14上一不平衡之位置，此方法稱 爲相位差峰値方法。此方法亦可用來決定串聯電阻性不平 衡之強度。首先，控制器16決定串聯電阻性不平衡是否存 在’其方法爲將Fpk與F1及F2加以比較，如在本發明申 請稍早所述(步驟1401)。於是，如不平衡存在，控制器16 經由測量單元18施加一交流共同模式電壓信號至扭絞對輸 送線14之線T及R(步驟1402)。其次，控制器16將電壓 信號之絕對値Va(f)及Vb(f)與二線T及R之二信號之Fpks 之強度’與某一電線結構之參考強度表加以比較（步驟 W03)。於是，控制器16根據測得之資料與參考資料間之 比較，決定串聯電阻性不平衡之位置（步驟1404)。控制器 本紙張又度適用中困國家標举（CNS)A4規烙（210 X 297公* ) 1111111II111 i-! ~ — 訂· - I — ί — I * 線-'^ {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) - B7 > 444489 五、發明說明（J ) Μ將發生相位扣⑴及仲(〇之頻率與相同結構扭絞對輸送線 Η型之參考頻率表加以比較(步驟14〇5)。於是’控制器16 根據測得之資料與相似結構之扭絞對輸送線〖4之參考頻率 表，估計串聯電阻性不平衡之強度(步驟1406)。 其他實施例亦在所附申請專利範圍之精神與範疇內。 例如，本發明與一扭絞對輸送線共同說明。此原則可適用 於任何具有至少二腳之任何輸送線。 此外，利用取自一單一點之量度，作線認證及線反認 證之一重要特性爲偵測不平衡之能力，特別是’利用單— 點量度作串聯電阻不平衡，及特別通過一開關作單一點量 度。時域反射儀(TDR)亦可用來作此測量。但’利用TDR 通過一開關測量，脈衝寬必須慎重選擇。適當之脈衝寬揭 示於上述專利號碼5,699,402中。 另一決定輸送線上不平衡之方法爲利用一調變解調器 系列順序產生之資料。當資料連接已經在輸送線上之二調 變解調器間建立，調變解調器進行系列順序。在系列進行 中，調變解調器可補償輸送線上之串聯不平衡至某—程度 。目前，指出補償量之資訊並非供測試之用。但’如補償 不平衡所需之量之資訊均爲每一線保留’所作之比較可決 定補償是否隨時間改變。如補償改變，將指出不穩定之不 平衡。當該資料無法供預先認證一線使用時’其可用來使 一線失去資格或診斷網路缺失。此外’應注意說明自單一 點偵出電阻性不平衡之實施例，該單一點爲連接至一開關 之電線之端點。測試裝備不必連接至網路之此點。 22 本紙張尺度適用,中國困家標準（CNS>A4规格（210 X 297公釐） <請先閱讀背面之;!.意事項再填寫本頁) --1 訂---------線_ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製--- Order- I line ί 444489 Α7 > _ Β7 V. Description of the invention (v) Ability to support data services. Pre-authentication is a statement with a high degree of self-confidence, pointing out the ability of subscriber circuits to support data services without correction. "TELCO's has two problems in resolving the authentication of subscribers' data transmission circuits. The first is strategic. TELCO, s is not willing to use the existing technology to transmit data (that is, ISDN or ADSL), because there is an uncertainty 'that is, whether the subscriber loop has a high enough quality to make the technical use economically successful. This fact discourages early adopters, as being the first to use this technology is risky because it may not succeed in its access to the network. If TELCO ’s is provided with a technology, it can eliminate most of the risks of using this technology for the first time, it can gain market share and form a competitive situation. The second problem was tactical, which occurred after TELCO had decided to use this particular technique. There is a need to proactively or reactively request services from a subscriber's service or services that TELCO has designated for delivery are authenticated with a specific line. For example, 'if TELCO is already on the market and offers new services, it will target those subscriber circuits that can support the service and / or minimal construction. In another example, when a TELCO self-subscriber receives a new service request for information, whether he accepts or rejects it depends on the condition of his electrical cable. Products sold by Teradyne, Deerfield, Illinois, USA 4TEL has been used to support line-certified POTS delivery. 4TEL's technology is most useful for accurately detecting the conditions where dialogue frequencies and FSK modems pose a hazard. Modern data transmission technologies (such as those used in V.34, V.90, [SDN, and ADSL) encode data by shifting the carrier frequency. Therefore, these technologies rely on the fixed end-to-end and differential conveying characteristics (that is, the 5-sheet paper size is applicable to China ’s CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male «) (please read the precautions on the back first) (Fill in this page again) ------- Order -------- Line-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed by the Cooperative ^ 444489 A7 One B7 Five , Invention description (> 7) phase and echo). A telephone line consists of two wire pairs, called the tip and loop. Usually the% terminal and the loop should have the same electrical characteristics. The balance of the lines is optimal. In the balanced line, the resistance, capacitance and inductance of each line are equal. If the capacitance, inductance, or resistance of the lines are different from each other, an imbalance occurs. A particularly difficult situation in which a single point measurement is used to identify a telephone line is called a series resistive imbalance. Series resistive imbalances can introduce different phase shifts between the two wires in the loop. The cause of the series resistance may be due to non-cold-welded wire encapsulation, IDC, or dry solder joints. Oxidation caused by a failed connection contact makes the series resistance unstable. Therefore, the phase shift is changed with time due to the change of the current flowing through the contact, the contact is further oxidized, and the contact is mechanically moved. Higher speed modems encode many bits into the phase shift of these carrier frequencies. Therefore, even the small series resistance is unbalanced, which can reduce the data yield, error and string. With ISDN, the displacement in the phase causes the energy in the pulse wave to be superimposed in the synchronization signal or in the time occupied by another pulse, thus causing distortion and / or loss of synchronization between symbols. It can be seen that both the analog and digital transmission methods are degraded, and both are susceptible to the slight instability in the series resistance. The stable series resistance can successfully compensate the internal circuit of the analog modem, or the ISDN of the U interface, even if it is very high. Detecting the imbalance of series resistance is very important, because a larger imbalance can affect POTS, that is, lower the loop current level. The imbalance may be significant (2000 ohms or greater), the dial tone may not be heard, or the ringing current may not be sufficient to activate the ringing circuit in the phone or modem. When talking about 6 ί -------- II -----Order i ----- --line \ (Please read the note on the back before filling this page) · · This paper size Applicable _ Crisis Standards (0 ^) 8 4 specifications (210 > * 297 mm) Printed by a member of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives £ 4444 8 9 V. Description of invention (bucket) 2000 ohms detected during material transmission The following imbalances are equally important. Any series resistance and noise that cause phase shift have an adverse effect on the amount of data output achieved on the subscriber loop. A telephone company should pre-certify high data rate operations on wires, such as ISDN and ADSL. Pre-certified wires can be rented out at higher prices. Unbalanced wires are not available for such high data rate services. Summary of the Invention According to the present invention, a method is provided for authenticating a transmission line for transmitting data signals. Methods include measuring phase imbalance in a transmission line from the end of a wire. When the wires are unbalanced, the user of the telephone line may notice degraded performance in the form of audible noise or reduced sound quality. When this wire is used to transfer data, the imbalance may limit the amount of data output that the wire can handle. But ‘we understand that changes in imbalances most affect data delivery. According to another characteristic of the present invention, a method is provided to authenticate-a transmission line to transmit a data signal. This method involves measuring the imbalance in the transmission line from the end of the wire. According to another characteristic of the present invention, there is a method of authenticating a transmission line to transmit a data signal. The method includes applying a common voltage (ie, a common mode voltage) to the transmission line; and determining a phase imbalance in the wire in response to all Plus common mode voltage. This phase imbalance represents the phase difference between the phase of a signal generated in a transmission line and the applied voltage; and the phase difference between a signal generated in another transmission line and the applied voltage. According to another characteristic of the present invention, a method is provided for analyzing a conveying line. 7 paper sizes are applicable to + country national standards (CNS > A4 specification (210 X 297 mm)) ---- II -------- ！ 1 Order · --I --— 1 · Line · Θ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-4 4 4 3 9 Λ7 __B7___ V. Description of the invention ( <) Among them, a common mode voltage with a frequency change in a frequency range is applied to a pair of transmission lines: the phase or intensity of the signal in each line of the transmission line and the applied common mode voltage is measured in response to the frequency range Add the common mode voltage; determine the phase imbalance in a pair of wires in response to the common mode voltage added in the frequency range; detect the peak imbalance of the phase imbalance determined in the frequency range: determine the frequency of the detected peak imbalance. According to another feature of the invention, a method is provided for authenticating a transmission line for transmitting data signals. The method includes applying a common mode voltage having a variation in a frequency range on a transmission line; determining a phase imbalance in the transmission line in response to the applied common mode voltage in the frequency range; detecting a phase imbalance in a frequency range that has been determined Peak 値; decide the frequency of the detected peak 値; determine the line authentication according to the determined frequency. According to yet another feature of the invention, a method is provided for automatically authenticating a plurality of twisted pair conveyor lines. The method includes feeding a signal from a controller to a terminal connected to a transmission line, the switch being coupled to a measurement unit. The test signal from the self-measurement unit is coupled to the transmission line via a control signal fed to the switch according to the controller. In response to the test signal, the measurement unit isolates the resistance imbalance between each wire in the selected transmission line. The controller responds to the isolated resistance imbalance 'to determine the certification of the transmission line for the data signal selection. According to another feature of the invention, a system is provided for automatic authentication of a plurality of conveying lines. The system includes a switch coupled to a terminal of a plurality of conveyor lines. A controller is provided to feed data to the switch. A measurement unit is coupled to the switch and controller. This measuring unit is adapted to feed a test signal from the measuring unit to a selected transmission line via a switch. According to the controller feed to the winter paper size applicable to the national standard (CNS) A4 grid (210x297) "" " " ^ ~ (Please read the precautions on the back of the page before filling out this page) ^丨 Order --------- Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer ’s Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by 444489 by the Consumers’ Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (e) Control signal of the off, choose a transmission line . The measuring unit isolates the resistance imbalance between each pair of wires in the selected transmission line in response to a test signal fed to the selected transmission line. In order to respond to the isolated impedance imbalance, the controller is adapted to decide to authenticate the selected data signal transmission line. According to another characteristic of the present invention, a method is provided to determine an unbalanced pattern on a transmission line having a pair of electric wires. This method includes: feeding a frequency-varying signal to a transmission line pair; determining a phase imbalance in a wire pair in response to a common mode voltage applied to a frequency range; measuring a phase imbalance determined in a selected pair of transmission lines Peak-to-peak frequency; and comparing the determined frequency with the reference frequency of the expected phase-balanced pair of wires to determine the type of imbalance between the wires. According to another characteristic of the present invention, a method is provided for finding the position of the imbalance on the selected test line. This method includes: applying a common mode frequency change voltage to the twisted wires of the transmission line; measuring each twisted wire pair The phase of the voltage on the transmission line related to the applied voltage; calculate the admittance of the twisted pair transmission line pair at the changing frequency; obtain the capacitance of the selected transmission line from the admittance measured at the changing frequency; divide the obtained capacitance by the test The capacitance per unit length of the transmission line to the ground to generate a quotient; from the generated quotient, the unbalanced distance is calculated. According to another characteristic of the present invention, a method is provided to find the strength and location of the imbalance on the selected test line. This method includes: determining the existence of an imbalance in series resistance; if an imbalance exists, establishing the position and / or strength of the imbalance. The location of the imbalance can be found in the following ways: applying a frequency to change the common mode voltage to the transmission line; measuring the phase of the voltage on each wire of the transmission line; decision 9 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -I I ---- Order j ϊ — I --- line · This paper is again applicable to a national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297) a) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 44 4 8 9 A? ___B7_ V. Description of the invention (^)) The phase imbalance in the twisted pair wire is in response to the added common mode voltage; the peak phase frequency of the phase imbalance determined is determined; the peak frequency determined by the detected phase frequency, Compare the intensity of the measured voltage to the peak value and the detected peak value with the reference data table of the type of conveyor line under test; determine the location of the imbalance based on this comparison. The strength of the imbalance is determined by: applying a common mode voltage to the twisted pair transmission line: measuring the phase of the voltage on each line of the twisted pair transmission line: determining the phase imbalance of the twisted pair in response to the added common mode voltage The phase imbalance peaks detected are determined; the frequency of the peaks determined is determined; the frequency of the peaks detected is compared with the reference data table of the transmission line under test: and the imbalance is estimated based on this comparison strength. These characteristics of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and reference to the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1. The data signal authentication test for a twisted pair transmission line according to the present invention POTS system diagram of the system; Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of the measuring unit of the test system of the present invention shown in Figure 1. This unit is coupled to the POTS system of Figure 1 and selects one of a plurality of twisted pair transmission lines. Instead; Figure 3 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the measurement unit of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the steps taken to qualify the data service delivery line of the present invention; Figure 5 is a flowchart , Showing the steps taken—a pre-certified conveyor line for the data service of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the steps taken to make the present invention suitable for 10 paper sizes, and it is suitable for families with difficulty (CNSJA4 specification) (210x297 Male S) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page> Order --------- line · 444489 V. Description of the invention (f) V.90 data service transmission line is disqualified; Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the steps taken Figure 8 is a curve showing the relationship between the phase and frequency of the second line of a 24-gauge twisted pair transmission line in a balanced 6000-foot, 24-gauge line: Figure 9 is A curve shows the relationship between the frequency phase difference 'and the capacitive unbalanced F2 (balanced) at 3000-feet at 6,000-feet' 24 specifications and the relationship between FPk; Figure 10 is a graph showing the phase of the frequency And the relationship between the inductive unbalanced F2 (balanced) and Fpk at 6000-feet of twisted pair transmission line and 3000-feet of 24 gauge; Figure 11 is a graph showing the phase difference of the frequency, and Twisted pair of transmission line 6000-feet, 24-ohm 500-ohm series resistive unbalanced FI, F2 (balanced) and Fpk at 3000-feet; Figure 12 is a graph showing resistive and inductive And the phase difference of the capacitive unbalanced frequency, and the balanced phase on the twisted pair transmission line; FIG. 13 is a flowchart indicating the steps required to find an unbalanced position on the transmission line according to the capacitance-to-ground measurement method of the present invention Figure 14 is a flow chart that illustrates the use of the present invention The phase difference peak method finds and estimates an unbalanced position on the transmission line. For a description of the preferred embodiment, refer to the POTS telephone network 10 shown in Fig. 1. The network 10 includes a connection to a switch 12 (which (Or connected to the central office) 11) The transmission line is in many cases a twisted pair. One central (please read the intention on the back before filling this page) ------- Order I ------ 1 * Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Online Economy < CNS > A ·! Specification (2 丨 0x297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 444 ^ 9? 5. Description of the invention (q) Test controller (Tsc) 16 is connected to one or more It is suitable for determining whether the twisted pair transmission line 14 meets the certification of data signal transmission. The measurement unit 18 is connected to the switch 12 as shown. The test control system controller 16, the measurement unit 18, and the switch I2 are all connected to each other. As disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,699,402, 'assigned to the same assignee of the present invention, the entire contents are incorporated herein. The measurement unit 18 will be described in detail later. Unit 18 is suitable for testing twisted wire pairs upon request, or for automatic testing of stylized tables from wires. It should be noted that the transmission loop of a subscriber can be tested from the central office, because each test unit 18 can access each subscriber via the switch I2. The technique used here utilizes the test signal passed through the switch 12 without undue distortion. The unit 18 can be accessed via a switching test bus located in the switching element 12 to test a subscriber circuit. The exchange test bus disconnects the wires from the switch 12 and connects them to the measurement unit 18. Specifically, there is a system Π for automatically determining the certification of a plurality of twisted pair conveyor lines 11. The system 3 includes a controller 16 and a measurement unit 18, which is coupled to a switch [2]. The switch 12 is also coupled to the terminal of the plurality of twisted pair transmission lines 14. The controller 16 is a computerized workstation, such as a workstation produced by a commercial SUN computer, which provides a signal that can be fed to the switch 2 and the measurement unit 1S. The measurement unit 18 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2. The measuring unit 18 is coupled to the switch 2 and the controller, and the unit I2 is adapted to feed the test signal from the measuring unit to the twisted pair transmission line 14 through the switch I2 to one of the selections. One of the options is to select the twisted pair transmission line 14 based on the control signal fed from the controller 16 to the switch 12. In addition, the 'measuring unit 18 isolates one of the selected pairs of twisted pair transmission lines I4, the resistive imbalance between the lines T and R in response to feeding this selection. A4 Tige · (210 * 297 male cage) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) ^ -------- Order --------- line · Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Employee Consumption Cooperative Association's 4 44489 V. Description of the Invention () One option is to twist the test signal of the transmission line 14 'The method will be described later. The controller 16, in response to the isolated resistive imbalance ', is adapted to determine one of the options for data signal transmission by twisting the authentication of the transmission line 14. When a subscriber loop is authenticated for data transfer, the 'centralized test system controller 16 collects data from many sources, one of which is a measurement unit 18'. The test system controller I6 uses appropriate hardware and software to apply this data to set a set of rules to determine whether the line being tested can carry the data transmission signal (that is, whether the line is qualified). The following steps are performed by the controller 16 using known programming techniques and software programmed therein. A method for determining whether a subscriber loop for data transmission, especially ISDN or ADSL type data transmission is suitable, is a counter-authentication method. This counter-authentication method allows telephone companies to test their transmission lines to determine which lines can support data transmission in order to disqualify lines that cannot support transmission. Under the de-certification method, the test system controller 16 collects several factors related to the test line including: (1) using known techniques to determine the limit length; (2) using any known technique to determine the presence of any DC metal loss on the line Strength; (3) use any known technology to determine the capacitive balance of the line; (4) use any known technology to detect the presence of load coils on the line, as described by Yim Zhang under the heading "Fast and noise-insensitive load state detection "U.S. Patent Application No. 08 / 929,842, which is incorporated herein by reference; (5) Use any known technique to determine mixed noise on the line: (6) Use any of the following techniques to determine the resistive balance on the line. However, it should be understood that wires can be disqualified by using less than the above techniques or by using additional inspections. Referring to Figure 4, the test system controller 16 uses appropriate hardware and software 13 ----------- -III ---— Order — Line θ (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), · The national standard of this paper is applicable < CNS) A't Regulations 〇! 10 X 297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 4 4 4 8 9 λ; B7 V. Description of Invention (d), implement the following rules to determine Whether the wire cannot carry data. If the test system determines the following conditions, then the line is disqualified; the length of the line is greater than a certain valve 最好 'preferably in the range of 4-6 kilometers' and better is 5.5 kilometers (step 401); or the lack of metal is less than a certain valve 値, Preferably in the range of 80-200 kohms, preferably in the range of 1000 kohms (step 402); or the capacitive imbalance is greater than a certain valve, preferably in the range of 0-5%, preferably in the range of greater than 0 ° /. (Step 402); or the load coil is detected (step 404); or the noise is greater than a certain valve, preferably determined empirically (step 406); or the resistive imbalance is greater than a certain valve, preferably at In the range of 0-50%, or the series resistance is unstable, which means that the measured series resistance is unbalanced. Due to the reference-reference measurement, the change is greater than a certain valve. I understand that disqualifying a wire does not require these measurements. In addition, I understand that the valve used in each test may be different, depending on the type of data service. For example, ISDN data services can operate at a lower error rate than V.90 at a certain unstable level of series resistive imbalance. Under the factors such as the acceptable bit error rate and actual experience specified by the user or other factors, the valve can be determined by experience. Another method to authenticate the subscriber loop for data transmission is the pre-authentication method. The pre-authentication method allows telephone companies to test their subscriber loops to determine which lines can support ISDN and ADSL data services. Under the pre-authentication method, the test system controller 16 makes the same measurements as the anti-authentication method described above. Figure 5 illustrates the method by which a subscriber line can be pre-authenticated for data services. Note that the system in Figure 1 is properly programmed and commanded by the controller. < CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) --- I ----- ii — — — — — —----- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) · Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 44-489 V. In the description of the invention (a), test all or some of the wires connected to the switch. It is very simple. Can make a wire disqualified, can be highly confident that the wire can be used as data service. Note that each measurement of all certified wires can be performed from one end of the wire, and can be performed through a switch. The third wire for certification data transmission One method is the V, 90 anti-authentication method. The V.90 anti-authentication method starts the central control system 16 to test a transmission line to determine whether it can handle the V.90 analog modulation demodulator. As shown in Fig. 6, as tested The system controller 16 uses appropriate hardware and software to determine the following, and a wire will be disqualified for V.90 data transmission: using any known technology, the line circuit type is equal to a pair of gains (step 601); or using any Known technology detection line circuit type is equal to Use DLC (step 602); or use any known technique to detect the trunk-to-RAS path equal to the analog (step 603); or use any of the following techniques to detect a resistive imbalance greater than a valve 値 (step 604), where 値In the preferred embodiment, it is 1000 ohms, or the imbalance is unstable, which means that the change in the measured imbalance is greater than some valve 値. In a preferred embodiment, this valve 値 is 5%. However, when the When the strength of the balance increases, a small percentage of the imbalance can be tolerated. Therefore, the valve for stable measurement can be a function of the strength of the imbalance. For example, a wire cannot be used in V.90 mode. The controller operates at a slower speed, called V.34. Furthermore, the operator does not have to check all these conditions in each case, because in some cases subgroups are also allowed. Certification, pre-certification, and V.90 anti-certification) including the measurement of resistance imbalance between the wires of the transmission line. In particular, the paper size of the resistance is applicable _ National Standard Bi (CNS) A4 specification (210 * 297 t > --------- --- I ---- ^ «JIIIIH ^ (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again)-· B7 444489 V. Description of the invention (4) Unbalanced stability is very important in the certification of transmission lines for data signals. Lack of stability particularly harms signals because the information in the signals is based on Phase encoding of the signal. Because a shift imbalance can cause mixing with neighboring pulses and therefore harm. One way to measure the stability of an imbalance is to take multiple measurements over an interval that is about one second The change of the imbalance can be detected from the change in the measurement in the window. The second method may also be a faster way. The method of measuring the stability of an imbalance is to draw the phase and frequency curve of the test line. If the resistive imbalance is unstable, the curve will not be smooth (smoothing here has no mathematical significance). On the contrary, there may be many ripples or possible discontinuities on the curve. This unstable resistance can be detected by an automatic technique in order to identify the curve with these characteristics. Referring to FIG. 12, the measurement unit 18 measures the resistive imbalance of the R and T wires of a twisted pair wire 14. When this measurement unit 18 is connected to the subscriber's delivery loop, it can be used to determine whether the twisted pair 14 is eligible to carry data, as described above. The measurement unit 18 includes a signal source 30, here a voltage source, which is adapted to sweep its frequency in response to a signal fed by the controller 16. The measuring unit 18 尙 includes a pair of balanced resistors R1 and R2 and a pair of voltmeters 22 and 24. The voltage source applies a common mode voltage to the twisted pair of wires T, R on one of the transmission lines. The voltage source has, in particular, one terminal referenced to ground potential, and the other terminal connected together to a pair of lines T and R via resistors R1 and R2 as shown. The voltmeters 22 and 24 are provided to measure the strength and phase of the voltage at the node NT of the tip line T 'and the node NR of the ring line R, respectively. In addition, the measurement unit 18 in Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 3 with the measurement unit 184 16 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese a standard (CNS) A'l specification (210 x 297 mm) ------ 1- -III -------- ^ i I --- II ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page >, · Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4444 8 9 B7 V. Description of the invention (a) Table 1. The measurement unit U 'includes a signal source 30', which includes a digital voltage frequency controller 31 coupled to a digital-to-analog converter 32, both of which are connected to a clock 33. The signal source 30 ' Designed to sweep its frequency in response to the signal applied by the controller 16. 控制器 Included in the measurement unit 18 'are a pair of balanced resistors R1 and R2, and a pair of analog-to-digital converters 22, and 24' , Also connected to the clock 33. Analog to digital converters 22, and 23 'measure the strength and phase of the voltage at the node NT of the tip line T and the node RT of the loop line R. Figure 12 shows the untwisted pair of the transmission line 14 An example is the circuit. Note that the loop line R and the tip line T include series resistances RR and RT, and shunt capacitors CR and CT, respectively. There is a capacitor CRT between ΊΓ and R as shown in the figure. Note that the resistive imbalance AR between the line T and the loop line R is represented here by the loop line R. In order to detect and isolate the resistive imbalance on a test twisted pair of the transmission line 14 Under the control of the test system controller 16, the following steps are taken: (1) The signal source 30 applies a sweep frequency excitation and ground common mode voltage to each line R and T constituting the transmission line 14 via the balancing resistors R1 and R2. The range of this signal is typically in the range of (M0 volt peaks) and swept between 0-20KHZ under the control of controller 16. (2) Voltmeters 22 and 24 measure each of the nodes T and R with ground. The combined strength and phase of a signal. These voltages are a function of frequency f and are called Va (f) and Vb (f). The phase imbalance is equal to (I) one of the twisted pair transmission lines related to the applied voltage And (2) the phase difference between the signal phases generated by the twisted pair on the other wire in the transmission line related to the applied voltage ^ (3) the phase of the voltage Va (f) is at the voltage Vb (f ) Phase comparison 17 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -1 Order --------- Line · The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Intellectual Property Bureau of the People's Republic of China uses the National Standard (CNS) A4 specification for printing paper for garment production (210 X 297). The employee of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints 4444 89 A7 B7. d) As a function of frequency, to determine the phase imbalance between the line τ and the line R (ie the phase, and Vb (f), < |) The phase difference ′ ΔΦ between a (f), as a function of the frequency f, causes us to have a phase difference, in other words, ’is the phase imbalance, which is equal to Δφ (〇 = (Κί)-b (f)). If the first line 4 is balanced, there is no resistive, inductive or capacitive imbalance, so the signal measured from line R will be equal to the strength of the signal measured from line T, Va (f) and Vb (f), And phase < μ (〇 and zhong (〇, as a function of frequency. If the line is unbalanced, then the signal strengths Va (f) and Vb (f) measured at T and R, or phase 忭 ⑴ and (J) b (f), or both, are unequal as a function of frequency. (4) If a phase imbalance exists (that is, Δφ? 0), the controller 16 measures the frequency at which the maximum phase imbalance occurs. This is called 値Phase peak frequency or Fpk ° Refer to Figure 7. In order to identify the type of imbalance on the test line, if it exists, the controller 16 uses the appropriate hardware and software to complete the following analysis. The controller 16 first establishes two reference frequencies F1 and F2 (step 701). F1 and F2 calculate the length of the transmission line according to one of the choices to assist the type of resistive imbalance present. The lower reference frequency is called F1, and the higher reference frequency is called F2. The frequency F1 is an empirically defined frequency equal to 0.4 times F2, that is, F2 divided by 2.5. F2 is a frequency at which a phase peak occurs. Fpk occurs on the balanced wire R or T of the test transmission line 14. For example, Fig. 8 shows the balanced Twisted Pair Conveyor Line 14 6000 feet long, phase 24 Va (f) frequency ο In this example, F2 is equal to 3.86 KHz, and Fl is equal to about 丨 · 5ΚΗζ. For the line 14 under test, the decision of F2 is based on the following three types of paper standards applicable in this paper (CNS > A4) Specifications (210 X 297mm) ------------ · --- ί—— Order ----- ---- Line ^ < Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-444489 Printed by B7 of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumer Cooperatives V. Description of Invention (Justice) Method: First, F2 can be measured online when 14 is in good condition. 'This Item measurements can be stored in a system 'as shown in the above-referenced US Patent No. 5,699,402; second, F2 can be calculated from the wire and cable records identifying the line length and loop records; and third' F2 can be made using known Techniques' are calculated from the measurement line length and the measurement loop resistance. Next, the controller 16 identifies the unbalanced pattern appearing on the conveying line I4 by comparing the Fpk measured on the line W with the F1 and F2 frequencies originally established (step 702). If the imbalance is a capacitor, it may be caused by a single-pin disconnection. If the controller 16 finds that Fpk occurs before F1 (step 703), “The imbalance is capacitive” For example, Figure 9 shows the calculated phase imbalance Δφσ) This phase imbalance is a resistive imbalance with ΦΜί), which is located at 3000 feet of the measurement unit 18 on the 6000-foot length of the self-twisted pair transmission line 24 specification, that is, a single foot has been disconnected and overlapped The above F2 curve. Here, the Fpk of the test transmission line occurs before FI, showing that the imbalance is capacitive, as identified by controller 16. Secondly, if the imbalance is inductive, this is caused by wiring the wrong load coil, so the controller 16 judges whether there are two Fpks, one is positive and one is negative, or if there is only one Fpk, Fpk occurs after F2 (Step 704). For example, Figure 10 shows a calculated phase difference, △ <! > (〇, which is an inductive imbalance between 忭 ⑴ and ，, located at 3000 feet of a 6000-foot twisted pair conveyor line, and the barrier is added to the curve of F2. Here, Fpks of the test conveyor line Occurred twice in Fpkl and Fpk2, indicating that the imbalance is inductive, as judged by the controller 16. In addition, 'if the imbalance is resistive, it may be caused by the unequal series of electrical paper sizes applicable to the national standard ( CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm > -If --------------- ^ · I ------- line ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) '. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4444 89 Λ7 ______ Β7_ V. The invention description (, ° |) caused resistance, so the controller 16 decides whether Fpk occurs after F1, but before F2 ( Step 705) to be identified. For example, FIG. 11 shows the calculated phase difference Δφ (0, which is at < j) The resistive imbalance of 500 ohms in series between a (f) and 500 ohms is located at a distance of 3000 feet from the measurement unit, and the barrier is added to the curve of F2. Here, Fpk occurs after F1 and before F2, this imbalance is shown to be resistive. Figure 12 shows all four cases, the difference Δφ (ί) of a capacitive imbalance between the buckle and the park, the inductive imbalance or series resistance imbalance on the twisted pair transmission line I4, and the twist of balance The twisted pair of conveying lines M is like or, the bases are added on the same curve. In addition, the controller 16 determines that the phase-to-frequency measurement of the line is unstable (step 706) 'and can determine when a very unstable (i.e., time-varying) series resistive imbalance occurs on a twisted pair transmission line. Such instability is rarely true for other imbalance conditions. After determining an unbalanced pattern on a test line, the controller 16 may also provide a way to find the position of the unbalance on the twisted pair conveyor line 14. There are many possible techniques to find imbalances on test lines. The following is the second preferred technique used by the controller 16 to measure the distance from the measurement unit 18 to the imbalance. FIG. 13 is a flowchart that provides a method used by the test system controller 16 to discover the location of the unbalanced resistance in the twisted pair transmission line 14. This method is called the capacitance-to-ground measurement method. First, the capacitance of each line T and R of the twisted pair transmission line 14 is measured to the ground using a known technique (step 13 (H). Secondly, the common mode voltage is applied to the twisted pair transmission line 14 in a sweep (AC) common mode.上 'and the voltage on line R and line T measured by the measuring unit 〖8 (step 1302) _ 20 This paper size is applicable to Zhonggu g Jia Zhu Zhun (CNSJA4 specification (21G ~-' " (Please read the back first) Please pay attention to this page before filling in this page) Order --------- line. Printed by B7 of the Consumers' Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (β) Synthesis strength, Va (f), Vb (f) And synthetic phase < l > a (f), (t) b (f). These 値 are then used to calculate the admittance of the twisted pair transmission line Η at these frequencies (step Π03). Secondly, the capacitance of test line I4 can be directly calculated for these frequencies and admittances (step 1304). Then, the controller 16 compares the capacitance obtained in step 1301 with the capacitance obtained from the admittance measurement in step 1304 (step 1305). If there is no series resistive imbalance on the second wire, the capacitance measured at a lower frequency will be slightly smaller than the capacitance measured at a higher frequency. If the series resistive imbalance exists in the transmission line 14, the capacitance measured at 8KHz is significantly smaller than the capacitance measured at 25Hz. Finally, the controller 16 can estimate the distance to the imbalance by dividing the capacitance obtained at 8KHz by the capacitance per unit length of the twisted pair transmission line 14 under test to ground, and comparing it with the reference data (step 1306) FIG. 14 provides a flowchart for testing the second method of the system controller 16 to find an unbalanced position on the twisted pair transmission line 14. This method is called a phase difference peak chirp method. This method can also be used to determine the strength of the series resistive imbalance. First, the controller 16 determines whether a series resistive imbalance exists' by comparing Fpk with F1 and F2, as described earlier in the present application (step 1401). Thus, if an imbalance exists, the controller 16 applies an AC common mode voltage signal to the wires T and R of the twisted pair transmission line 14 via the measurement unit 18 (step 1402). Next, the controller 16 compares the absolute strengths of the voltage signals Va (f) and Vb (f) and the Fpks strength of the two-line T and R signals with a reference strength table of a certain wire structure (step W03). Then, the controller 16 determines the position of the series resistive imbalance based on the comparison between the measured data and the reference data (step 1404). The controller is also suitable for the nationally impoverished national standard (CNS) A4 standard (210 X 297 male *) 1111111II111 i-! ~ — Order ·-I — ί — I * 线-'^ {Please read the back first Note: Please fill in this page again)-B7 > 444489 V. Description of the invention (J) Μ will compare the frequency of phase buckling and secondary (0) with the reference frequency table of twisted pair transmission line type with the same structure (step 14 〇5). 'The controller 16 estimates the strength of the series resistive imbalance based on the measured data and the reference frequency table of the twisted pair transmission line [4] with similar structure (step 1406). Other embodiments are also attached Within the spirit and scope of the scope of patent application. For example, the invention is described with a twisted pair conveyor line. This principle can be applied to any conveyor line with at least two legs. In addition, using a measurement taken from a single point, One of the important characteristics of line authentication and line anti-authentication is the ability to detect imbalance, especially 'using a single-point measurement for series resistance imbalance, and specifically a single point measurement through a switch. The time domain reflectometer (TDR) is also Can be used for this measurement. But 'utilize TDR is measured by a switch, and the pulse width must be carefully selected. The appropriate pulse width is disclosed in the above-mentioned patent number 5,699,402. Another method to determine the imbalance on the transmission line is to use data generated by a sequence of modems. When the data is connected It has been established between two modems on the transmission line, and the modem performs a series sequence. During the series, the modem can compensate the series imbalance on the transmission line to a certain degree. At present, the compensation is pointed out The amount of information is not for testing purposes. However, the comparison of 'if the amount of information needed to compensate for imbalance is reserved for each line' determines whether the compensation changes over time. If the compensation changes, the unstable imbalance will be pointed out. When this information is not available for pre-certification of the first line, 'it can be used to disqualify the first line or diagnose a missing network. In addition,' it should be noted that the embodiment of detecting a resistive imbalance from a single point is connected to a switch The end of the wire. The point where the test equipment does not need to be connected to the network. 22 This paper size is applicable, China Standards (CNS > A4) (210 X 297 mm) < Please read on the back;!. Implementation matters before filling out this page) --1 Order --------- Line _ Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperatives