經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ，在 3 93 3 Ο α7 _ -_ Β7 5257twf.doc/006 ~ 五、發明說明（f ) 本發明是有關於一種光放大器，且特別是有關於一種 針對各個波長均可動態調整增益並獲得增益平坦化的光放 大器。 光纖通訊由於具低損耗，高容量，高傳輸速率，不受 電磁波干擾，質量輕體積小，保密性佳等優異特性，自 1970年代以來便快速發展。又由於近年來資訊爆炸，加上 多媒體通訊及網路的需求日益迫切，而光纖可以提供足夠 的傳輸品質，滿足視覺，聽覺及數據的整體服務，所以光 纖通訊便隨著各種通訊網路建設擴充提升而快速成長。 傳統上延伸光纖通訊系統傳輸距離之方式爲用再生器 (regeneratcn·)，但是它需作光-電及電-光等複雜的轉換 程序，限制了信號傳輸速率及頻寬，而光纖光放大器具有 高增益、高輸出光功率、低雜訊、寬光譜頻寬，不受限於 光信號型態與調變速率，極低之光放大增益極化相關性等 特點。比起傳統再生器，光纖放大器具系統升級容易（僅需 更換終端設備）、應用彈性及價格低廉等優點。 由於高容量系統如寬頻服務需求的成長、光放大器的 實現與高頻電路處理的限制與成本等因素，使得光分波多 工技術得以發展。所謂的光分波多工技術，即是在一根光 纖中，同時傳輸兩個以上不同波長的訊號，例如，若是'同 時傳4個波長訊號，即可增加四倍的傳輸容量，不需重新 舖設傳輸線，即可大幅提昇通訊系統容量。當此數個不同 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — — — — — — — I — 1 I、^^ · I ! I 訂 — — — — — 战 i (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員JL消費合作社印製 4 3¾33 ° A7 B7 5257lwf.doc/006 五、發明說明（之） 波長的訊號傳輸60-100公里時，光功率變小，再置入一光 放大器將訊號放大即可繼續傳輸另一個60- 100公 里，....，如此達成一高容量、長距離之光纖傳輸系統。 但光放大器的訊號增益是與波長相關，在光分波多工 系統中，若入射多個大小相同，中心波長不相同的訊號進 入光放大器，因爲各個不同波長訊號所得到的增益不同， 不同波長訊號放大後的大小就不相同。在長距離通訊系統 中，訊號在到達目的地之前須經過多次放大，但若是在每 一次的放大過程中，某些波長訊號皆得到較大的訊號增 益，某些波長訊號皆得到較小的訊號增益，如此累積效 應，大增益訊號和小增益訊號功率越差越懸殊，在放大器 內部，能量都被大訊號搶走（高能階的電子大部分被大訊 號消耗），小功率得到的增益減少；在接收端，大訊號易 使得接收器飽和，需額外加上一個衰減器將大訊號降至額 定功率之內，反之，小訊號的失真及誤碼率高，需加上一 前放大器來加強訊號，接收器才能正常工作。 所以，在光分波多工系統中，將光放大器設計成各個 波長的增益相等，是設計光放大器時的一個重要課題。 一般光纖放大器是利用慘飼"光纖（Erbi um Doped F i be ! EDF)，或者是其他具備光放大功能的光纖（Active Fiber；» 當作增益介質（Gain Media) ’並以半導體雷射光源作爲激 發光源，用以激發處於低能階的電子，使其躍遷至高能階 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----I--------I ί I 訂·! !i-^-^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7 5257twl'.doc/006 五、發明說明（5) 狀態。當光訊號通過光放大器時，會產生誘發輻射 (S t i mu 1 a t ed Em i s s i on)，將光訊號加以放大。 然而，當光訊號被放大的同時，會伴隨產生寬頻自發 奉畐射（Spontaneous Emission)雜訊。此種雜訊亦會被光放 大器所放大，形成增強自發輻射雜訊（Amplified Spontaneous Emission Noise, ASE Noise)，並且會隨著 訊號一起傳播。此被放大的增強自發輻射雜訊，不僅會降 低幫浦光源的效率，同時也會降低整個光訊號的訊號雜訊 比（Signal/Noise Ratio, SNR)，進而影響系統整體的通訊 品質。 習知增益平坦化光放大器計有： (a) Sumitomo Electric Industries 公司之美國專 利第5,900,970號中，在光放大裝置後加入一光學濾波 器，此光學濾波器的穿透頻譜爲此光放大裝置增益頻譜的 倒數，如此，使得光放大裝置各個波長的光放大增益是相 同的。但由於此光學濾波器爲固定形狀，在日後系統的入 射功率改變、光放大裝置老化或者其它因素造成此光放大 裝置增益頻譜改變時，無法動態調整光學濾波器的穿透頻 譜。 (b)在通用儀器公司（General Instrument Corp.) 之美國專利第5,283,686號中，係利用光纖光柵（？丨1^1_ G nu 1 n g )來濾除放大器中的增強自發輻射雜，以提昇放大 本紙張尺度適用中囤國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 裝！ —訂 * --- 4 3 9330 A? __B7 _ 5257t\vr.cl〇c/O〇6 ~ ~ _ " - --- 五、發明說明（γ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 器的訊號雜訊特性。經放大後的光訊號與增強自發輻射雜 訊、會同時經由光學旋光器入射至光纖光柵，而光纖光柵 的中心波長與所傳輸之光訊號波長相同。光訊號被光纖光 柵所反射5而由光學旋光器的另一端輸出，增強自發輻射 雜訊則會穿透光纖光柵，由入射訊號中被過濾出來。雜訊 濾除後，可提升訊號的雜訊特性及後級放大器的增益特 性。此架構未對增益做平坦化，且光學旋光器之價格昂 貴，會增加製作成本，而且其所造成之插入損失亦非常嚴 重，將導致訊號品質下降。 (c ) AT&T Be Π實驗室的美國專利第5，541 ,766號 中，其架構與通用儀器公司之專利架構相似，但在每一光 纖光柵前加一段長度預先設計的高衰減量光纖，用來衰減 放大增益高的波長訊號，使得每一波長訊號在反射回光學 旋光器時，其大小都是相同的，達到增益平坦化的目的。 而爲了要達到增益平坦化，第一個被反射的波長其在光放 大器的增益必定要最小，依此類推，最後一個被反射的波 長其在光放大器的增益必定要最高。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在此架構中，光學旋光器之價格昂貴，其所造成之插 入損失較大，且其所使用的是固定衰減量的光纖，將來在 系統Λ射功率改變、光放大裝置老化或者其它因素造成此 光放大器增益頻譜改變時，無法動態調整各個不同波長訊 號的衰減量。 6 本紙張尺度適用中囤國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 43 93 3 9 ___B7 5257t\vf.doc006 - 五、發明說明（7) (d) CIENA公司之美國專利5,557,442號中，其架構 與於AT&T Bell實驗室的美國專利架構相似，但利用可程 式化衰減器來取代固定高衰減量光纖，其修正了 AT&T Bell 實驗室的美國專利缺點，在光放大器頻譜有些微改變時， 可以動態調整增益的平坦化。 但由於其光纖光柵反射波長的順序是固定的，當放大 器增益頻譜大幅改變時，此架構可能因無法改變光纖光柵 的反射順序，而無法對增益頻譜做適度的補償。另外，光 學旋光器之價格昂貴，及其所造成之插入損失亦是缺點。 因此本發明提出一種增益平坦化光放大器，利用麥克 森干涉儀，針對所需傳遞訊號之波長，進行帶通濾波，將 其它波長之增強自發輻射雜訊濾除並利用在各個光纖光柵 組前，加上一光程差控制器組，可動態的調整各個不同光 波長訊號的輸出大小，而達到高增益 '低雜訊且增益平坦 化之光放大器。 根據本發明之上述及其他目的，本發明提出一種光放 大裝置，其簡述如下： 前級光放大器，其接收光訊號，並且提供此光訊號一 個放大增益，然後輸出一個增益光訊號，而此增益光訊號 內包括有多個特定波長訊號。光隔絕器的輸入端親接於前 級光放大器的輸出端，用來隔絕增益光訊號輸入至麥克森 千涉儀後由輸入端反向傳回至前級光放大器輸出端的訊 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) —o裝 1^ !11111 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 % 43 93 3 0 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ^2.>7tvvi.doc/〇〇6 五、發明說明（5) 號。麥克森干涉儀之訊號輸入端耦接至光隔絕器之輸出 端’並由麥克森干涉儀接收增益光訊號，並根據可程式光 程差控制電路來控制光程差調整器，並利用多個光程差調 整器’將每個特定波長訊號改變爲具有特定大小之訊號， 並由麥克森干涉儀之訊號輸出端輸出這些特定波長訊號。 爲讓本發明之上述目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易 懂’下文特舉較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明 如下： 圖式之簡單說明： 第1圖其所繪示爲本發明之第一實施例增益平坦化光 放大器繪示圖；以及· 第2圖其所繪示爲本發明之第二實施例增益平坦化光 放大器繪示。 標號說明： 10、110前級光放大器 20、120光隔絕器 30、130麥克森干涉儀 40、140 2X2光纖耦合器 70可程式光程差控制電路 80、180後級光放大器 90、190第一光學通道 100、2ϋ(3第二光學通道 --— --— — — — — — II ^---— — — — — — {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210x297公釐） A7 _B7 5257t\vr.doc/〇()6 五、發明說明（7) C1 〜Cn 光纖光柵組 A1 〜An 第一 光纖光柵 B1 〜Bn AW — 弟— 二光纖光柵 F1 ~ Fn 光程差調整器組 D1〜Dn第一光程差調整器 經濟部智慧財產局員工湞費合作社印製 E1〜En第二光程差調整器 實施例 請參照第1圖，其所繪示爲本發明之第一實施例增益 平坦化光放大器。此增益平坦化光放大器包括前級光放大 器10、光隔絕器20、麥克森干涉儀30與可程式光程差控 制電路7 0。 當一個光訊號由前級光放大器10輸入端輸入後。前級 光放大器10提供此光訊號一個放大增益，成爲增益光訊號 並輸出此增益光訊號，而此增益光訊號內包括許多個特定 波長訊號（λ 1 ' λ2 . . . λη ) ° 當此增益光訊號經過光隔絕器20後，進入麥克森干涉 儀30，而麥克森干涉儀30包括2X2光纖耦合器40、多個 光槪Al、Bl、Α2、Β2、..，、An、Bn以及多個光程差調整器 組 F卜 F2....Fn 。 在2X2光纖耦合器40上有第一光學通道90與第二光 學通道100,麥克森干涉儀30的訊號輸入端耦接至第一光 學通道90，而麥克森干涉儀30的訊號輸出端耦接該第二光 9 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) J--裝！----訂---------辦 本紙張又度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） 0 B7 525 7twr.doc-006 五、發明說明（2) 學通道100，而2X2光纖耦合器40用來接收增益光訊號並 進行分光，分別傳輸至第一光學通道90與第二光學通道 10◦，並接收由第一光學通道90與第二光學通道1〇〇反射 增益光訊號內的多個特定波長訊號進行建設性千涉，最後 增益光訊號經由第二光學通道100傳輸至訊號輸出端，而 一部份由第一光學通道90傳輸至訊號輸入端的訊號則會被 光隔絕器20所損耗並隔絕。 本實施例之光放大器，可應用於多波長訊號傳輸系 統中，在光放大裝置的麥克森干涉儀30內，含有多組光柵 A1 1 Bl ' A2、B2、…' An、Bn等，其中η爲整數，而這些 光柵包括光纖光柵a 如第1圖所示，由光纖光柵A卜An組成第一光柵群， 而光柵B1〜Bn則構成第二光柵群。第一光柵群與第二光柵 群中的各光柵彼此相互對應，且第一光柵群與第二光柵群 分別位於第一光學通道90與第二光學通道100上。其中光 柵A1與光柵B1爲相同之光柵，並由此二者共同組成光栅 組C1，其反射光訊號之波長爲λΐ ;光柵A2及光柵B2爲相 同之光柵，由其共同組成光柵組C2，其反射光訊號之波長 爲λ2 ;依此類推，光柵An與光柵Bn爲相同之光柵，共同 構成光柵組Cn，其反射光訊號之波長爲λη = 如第1圖所示，在光放大裝置的麥克森干涉儀30 內，更含有多組光程差調整器組FI、F2、. . .Fn等。以第 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) o裝-------- 訂----- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Α7Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs at 3 93 3 Ο α7 _ -_ Β7 5257twf.doc / 006 ~ V. Description of the Invention (f) The present invention relates to an optical amplifier, and in particular to a Optical amplifiers with gains that can be dynamically adjusted for each wavelength and gain flattened. Optical fiber communication has developed rapidly since the 1970s due to its low loss, high capacity, high transmission rate, immunity to electromagnetic waves, light weight, small size, and good confidentiality. In addition, due to the explosion of information in recent years, and the increasing demand for multimedia communications and networks, and optical fibers can provide sufficient transmission quality to meet the overall visual, auditory, and data services, optical fiber communications have expanded and expanded with the construction of various communication networks. And grow fast. The traditional way to extend the transmission distance of optical fiber communication systems is to use a regeneratcn. However, it requires complicated conversion procedures such as optical-electric and electrical-optical, which limits the signal transmission rate and bandwidth. High gain, high output optical power, low noise, wide spectral bandwidth, not limited to optical signal type and modulation rate, extremely low optical amplification gain polarization correlation and other characteristics. Compared with traditional regenerators, fiber amplifiers have the advantages of easy system upgrade (only terminal equipment needs to be replaced), application flexibility and low price. Due to the growth in demand for high-capacity systems such as broadband services, the realization of optical amplifiers, and the limitations and costs of high-frequency circuit processing, optical division multiplexing technology has been developed. The so-called optical division multiplexing technology is to transmit signals of more than two different wavelengths in one fiber at the same time. For example, if you transmit 4 wavelength signals at the same time, you can increase the transmission capacity by four times without relaying. Transmission line can greatly increase the capacity of the communication system. When these several different paper sizes apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — — — — — — — I — 1 I, ^^ · I! I Order — — — — — Zhan i (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by JL Consumer Cooperative, Member of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 4 3¾33 ° A7 B7 5257lwf.doc / 006 V. Description of the invention (of) When the wavelength signal is transmitted 60-100 kilometers, The optical power becomes smaller, and then an optical amplifier is added to amplify the signal to continue to transmit another 60-100 kilometers, ..., so as to achieve a high-capacity, long-distance optical fiber transmission system. However, the signal gain of an optical amplifier is wavelength-dependent. In an optical division multiplexing system, if multiple incident signals of the same size and different center wavelengths enter the optical amplifier, the gains obtained by different wavelength signals are different, and the signals at different wavelengths are different. The size is different after zooming in. In long-distance communication systems, the signal must be amplified several times before reaching its destination. However, during each amplification process, certain wavelength signals get a larger signal gain, and some wavelength signals get a smaller signal gain. Signal gain, such a cumulative effect, the difference between the power of a large gain signal and a small gain signal becomes worse. Inside the amplifier, energy is taken away by the large signal (most high-level electrons are consumed by the large signal), and the gain obtained by the low power is reduced ; At the receiving end, the large signal easily saturates the receiver. An additional attenuator is required to reduce the large signal to the rated power. On the other hand, the small signal has a high distortion and bit error rate. A front amplifier is required to strengthen it. Signal, the receiver can work properly. Therefore, in an optical division multiplexing system, designing an optical amplifier to have equal gains at each wavelength is an important issue when designing an optical amplifier. Generally, fiber amplifiers use “Erbium Doped Fibe! EDF” or other optical fibers (Active Fiber; with Gain Media) 'and use semiconductor laser light sources As an excitation light source, it is used to excite the electrons at a low energy level to make them transition to a high energy level. The paper size is applicable to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ----- I ----- --- I ί I order!! I-^-^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) A7 A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 5257twl'.doc / 006 V. Invention Explanation (5) State. When the optical signal passes through the optical amplifier, induced radiation (S ti mu 1 at ed Em issi on) will be generated to amplify the optical signal. However, when the optical signal is amplified, it will be accompanied by the generation of broadband Spontaneous Emission Noise. This kind of noise will also be amplified by the optical amplifier to form enhanced spontaneous emission noise (Amplified Spontaneous Emission Noise, ASE Noise), and it will propagate along with the signal. This is amplified Enhanced spontaneity Noise emission will not only reduce the efficiency of the pump light source, but also reduce the signal / noise ratio (SNR) of the entire optical signal, which will affect the overall communication quality of the system. There are: (a) US Patent No. 5,900,970 to Sumitomo Electric Industries, an optical filter is added after the optical amplifying device, and the transmission spectrum of this optical filter is the reciprocal of the gain spectrum of the optical amplifying device. The optical amplification gain of each wavelength of the amplifying device is the same. However, because the optical filter has a fixed shape, it cannot be dynamically adjusted when the incident power of the system changes, the aging of the optical amplifying device or other factors causes the gain spectrum of the optical amplifying device to change. (B) In US Patent No. 5,283,686 to General Instrument Corp., a fiber grating (? 1 ^ 1_ G nu 1 ng) is used to filter out the Enhance the spontaneous emission to increase the size of this paper. Applicable to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Installation! —Order * --- 4 3 9330 A? __B7 _ 5257t \ vr.cl〇c / O〇6 ~ ~ _ "---- V. Description of the invention (γ) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Signal noise characteristics of the device. The amplified optical signal and enhanced spontaneous emission noise will enter the fiber grating through the optical rotator at the same time, and the center wavelength of the fiber grating is the same as the wavelength of the transmitted optical signal. The optical signal is reflected by the optical fiber grating5 and output by the other end of the optical rotator. Enhanced spontaneous emission will pass through the fiber grating and be filtered out from the incident signal. Noise filtering improves the noise characteristics of the signal and the gain characteristics of the post-amplifier. This architecture does not flatten the gain, and the price of the optical rotator is expensive, which will increase the production cost, and the insertion loss caused by it is also very serious, which will cause the signal quality to decrease. (c) In US Patent No. 5,541,766 of AT & T Be Π laboratory, its structure is similar to that of General Instruments, but a length of pre-designed high attenuation fiber is added before each fiber grating It is used to attenuate wavelength signals with high amplification gain, so that when each wavelength signal is reflected back to the optical rotator, its size is the same, and the purpose of gain flattening is achieved. In order to achieve gain flattening, the gain of the first reflected wavelength in the optical amplifier must be the smallest, and so on, and the gain of the last reflected wavelength in the optical amplifier must be the highest. Printed in this structure by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The optical rotator is expensive, and the insertion loss caused by it is large, and it uses a fixed attenuation fiber. When the optical amplifier's aging or other factors cause the optical amplifier's gain spectrum to change, it is not possible to dynamically adjust the attenuation of each different wavelength signal. 6 This paper size is applicable to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 43 93 3 9 ___B7 5257t \ vf.doc006-V. Description of the invention (7) (d) US Patent No. 5,557,442 by CIENA Its structure is similar to the US patent structure of AT & T Bell Labs, but it uses a programmable attenuator to replace the fixed high attenuation fiber, which corrects the shortcomings of the US patent of AT & T Bell Labs. When the spectrum changes slightly, the gain flattening can be adjusted dynamically. However, because the order of the reflection wavelength of the fiber grating is fixed, when the amplifier's gain spectrum is greatly changed, this architecture may not be able to properly compensate the gain spectrum because the reflection order of the fiber grating cannot be changed. In addition, the optical rotator is expensive, and its insertion loss is also a disadvantage. Therefore, the present invention proposes a gain flattening optical amplifier that uses a Maxson interferometer to perform band-pass filtering on the wavelength of the required transmission signal, filters out enhanced spontaneous emission noise of other wavelengths and uses it in front of each fiber grating group. Coupled with an optical path difference controller group, it can dynamically adjust the output size of each different light wavelength signal to achieve a high gain 'low noise and gain flattening optical amplifier. According to the above and other objects of the present invention, the present invention provides an optical amplifier device, which is briefly described as follows: The pre-stage optical amplifier receives an optical signal and provides an amplification gain for the optical signal, and then outputs a gain optical signal, and this The gain optical signal includes a plurality of specific wavelength signals. The input end of the optical isolator is connected to the output end of the pre-stage optical amplifier. It is used to isolate the signal of the gain optical signal after it is input to the Maxson instrument. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) —o pack 1 ^! 11111 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs% 43 93 3 0 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 2. &7; 7tvvi.doc / 〇〇6 V. Description of Invention (5). The signal input end of the Maxson interferometer is coupled to the output end of the optical isolator, and the gain optical signal is received by the Maxson interferometer, and the optical path difference adjuster is controlled according to a programmable optical path difference control circuit. The optical path difference adjuster changes each specific wavelength signal into a signal with a specific size, and outputs the specific wavelength signal from the signal output terminal of the Maxson interferometer. In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, hereinafter, the preferred embodiments are described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows: A brief description of the drawings: FIG. 1 FIG. 2 is a drawing of a gain flattening optical amplifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a drawing of a gain flattening optical amplifier of a second embodiment according to the present invention. Explanation of symbols: 10, 110 pre-stage optical amplifier 20, 120 optical isolator 30, 130 Maxson interferometer 40, 140 2X2 fiber coupler 70 programmable optical path difference control circuit 80, 180 post-stage optical amplifier 90, 190 first Optical channel 100, 2ϋ (3 second optical channel --- --------II ^ --------— {Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies Ordering country national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x297 mm) A7 _B7 5257t \ vr.doc / 〇 () 6 V. Description of the invention (7) C1 ~ Cn fiber grating group A1 ~ An First fiber grating B1 ~ Bn AW — Brother— Two fiber gratings F1 ~ Fn Optical path difference adjuster group D1 ~ Dn First optical path difference adjuster Printed by E1 ~ En Second optical path difference adjuster for employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Co., Ltd. Please refer to the example of the second optical path difference adjuster FIG. 1 illustrates a gain flattening optical amplifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The gain flattening optical amplifier includes a pre-stage optical amplifier 10, an optical isolator 20, a Maxson interferometer 30, and a programmable optical path difference control circuit 70. When an optical signal is input from the input terminal of the optical amplifier 10 of the previous stage. The pre-stage optical amplifier 10 provides an amplification gain of the optical signal, becomes a gain optical signal and outputs the gain optical signal, and the gain optical signal includes a plurality of specific wavelength signals (λ 1 'λ2... Λη) ° when this gain The optical signal passes through the optical isolator 20 and enters the Maxson interferometer 30. The Maxson interferometer 30 includes a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 40, a plurality of optical fibers Al, Bl, A2, B2, .., An, Bn, and more F2 .... Fn. The 2X2 optical fiber coupler 40 has a first optical channel 90 and a second optical channel 100. The signal input terminal of the Maxson interferometer 30 is coupled to the first optical channel 90, and the signal output terminal of the Maxson interferometer 30 is coupled. The second light 9 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) J--install! ---- Order --------- This paper is again applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) 0 B7 525 7twr.doc-006 V. Description of the invention (2) It is used to learn channel 100, and 2X2 fiber coupler 40 is used to receive the gain optical signal and split it, and transmit it to the first optical channel 90 and the second optical channel 10 respectively, and receive the first optical channel 90 and the second optical channel 1 〇〇The reflection of the specific wavelength signal in the gain optical signal is constructively involved. Finally, the gain optical signal is transmitted to the signal output terminal through the second optical channel 100, and a part is transmitted from the first optical channel 90 to the signal input terminal. The signal is lost and isolated by the optical isolator 20. The optical amplifier of this embodiment can be applied to a multi-wavelength signal transmission system. The Maxson interferometer 30 of the optical amplification device contains multiple groups of gratings A1 1 Bl 'A2, B2, ...' An, Bn, etc., where η Are integers, and these gratings include a fiber grating a. As shown in FIG. 1, the fiber gratings A and An form a first grating group, and the gratings B1 to Bn form a second grating group. Respective gratings in the first grating group and the second grating group correspond to each other, and the first grating group and the second grating group are located on the first optical channel 90 and the second optical channel 100, respectively. The grating A1 and the grating B1 are the same grating, and thus the two together form the grating group C1, and the wavelength of the reflected light signal is λΐ; the grating A2 and the grating B2 are the same grating, and the grating group C2 is composed of them. The wavelength of the reflected light signal is λ2; and so on, the grating An and the grating Bn are the same grating, and together form a grating group Cn. The wavelength of the reflected light signal is λη = as shown in Figure 1, in the microphone of the optical amplification device. The Mori interferometer 30 further includes multiple groups of optical path difference adjuster groups FI, F2,... Fn and the like. Applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) to this paper size (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) o Loading -------- Order ----- Printed by Employee Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7
43 93 3 Q Β7 5257twrdoc/006 " " 一 五、發明說明（?） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一組先程差s周整益組F1爲例’其包括第一光程差調整器D1 與第二光程差調整器E1，依此類推在第n組光程差調整器 組Fn，就有第一光程差調整器Dii與第二光程差調整器 En。而母個光程差調整益組皆位於相對應之光概組之前， 並且所有的第一光程差調整器位於第一光學通道上，第二 光程差調整器位於第二光學通道上。 當一個光訊號由前級光放大器10輸入端輸入後，在前 級光放大器10的光增益介質中進行前級放大。而經過前級 放大之增益光訊號，由第一光學通道90傳輸至麥克森千涉 儀30。藉由光學耦合器40將入射至麥克森干涉儀30的光 訊號作等比例分光，然後使其分別入射至第一光柵群與第 二光柵群中。具有不同波長（λΐ、λ2、...λη)的光訊號，分 別在第一光學通道90與第二光學通道100，被第一光柵群 及第二光柵群中相對應之光柵（Α1及Bl，Α2及Β2，...，An 及Bn)所反射，於光學耦合器40內進行建設性干涉後，由 光學通道100傳輸至後級光放大器80加以放大，然後再從 後及光放大器80輸出端輸出。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 不同於光柵中心波長之增強自發輻射雜訊，則會穿 透第一光柵群與第二光柵群，並由第一光學通道90與第二 光學通道100的尾端離開系統，所以不會影響後級光放大 器80的放大及傳輸品質。使用此種架構之光放大器，可以 針對光訊號中波長爲λΐ、λ2、. . .λη的部份進行窄頻之帶通 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製43 93 3 Q Β7 5257twrdoc / 006 " " One or five, description of the invention (?) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) A group of advances s week improvement group F1 as an example 'It includes the first Optical path difference adjuster D1 and second optical path difference adjuster E1, and so on in the nth optical path difference adjuster group Fn, there is a first optical path difference adjuster Dii and a second optical path difference adjuster En . The parent optical path difference adjustment benefit groups are located before the corresponding optical profile groups, and all the first optical path difference adjusters are located on the first optical channel, and the second optical path difference adjusters are located on the second optical channel. When an optical signal is input from the input terminal of the pre-stage optical amplifier 10, the pre-stage amplification is performed in the optical gain medium of the pre-stage optical amplifier 10. The gain optical signal amplified by the previous stage is transmitted from the first optical channel 90 to the Maxson instrument 30. The optical signal incident on the Maxson interferometer 30 is split into equal proportions by the optical coupler 40, and then made incident on the first grating group and the second grating group, respectively. Optical signals having different wavelengths (λΐ, λ2, ... λη) are respectively corresponding to the gratings (A1 and Bl in the first grating group and the second grating group in the first optical channel 90 and the second optical channel 100). , A2 and B2, ..., An and Bn), after constructive interference in the optical coupler 40, it is transmitted by the optical channel 100 to the post-stage optical amplifier 80 for amplification, and then from the post-and optical amplifier 80 Output terminal output. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints an enhanced spontaneous emission noise different from the center wavelength of the grating, which will penetrate the first grating group and the second grating group, and the The tail end leaves the system, so it does not affect the amplification and transmission quality of the subsequent optical amplifier 80. Using this type of optical amplifier, narrowband bandpass can be performed on the part of the optical signal with a wavelength of λΐ, λ2,... Λη. This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). ) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs
43 93 3 Q A7 _B7__ 5257t\vf.doc/006 五、發明說明（M) 濾波，而其餘波長之增強自發輻射雜訊，則會穿透光柵， 由系統中過濾出來。而且麥克森干涉儀30還可阻絕由後級 光放大器80中逆向傳播的增強自發輻射雜訊，防止其進入 前級光放大器40中，藉以提昇光放大裝置之整體效能。 每個光程差調整器組FI、F2、. . .Fn都接至可程式光 程差控制電路70，以第一組光程差調整器組F1爲例，根據 可程式光程差控制電路70來控制第一光程差調整器D1與 第二光程差調整器E1，造成個別的第一光程差調整器D1與 第二光程差調整器EI在第一光學通道90與第二光學通道 100上有不同的光程，而波長爲λΐ的增益光訊號來回經過 光程差調整器組F1之後，會在第一光學通道90與第二光 學通道100上造成特定波長訊號的光程差，而此特定波長 訊號（λΐ )在2X2光纖耦合器40則會有不同程度上的建設 性千涉。同理，第二個光程差調整器組F2的調整控制必須 考慮前一組的光程差調整器組F1，使得波長λ 2的增益光訊 號來回經過光程差調整器組F1與F2之後，會在第一光學 通道90與第二光學通道100上造成特定波長訊號（λ2)的 光程差，而此特定波長訊號在2X2光纖耦合器40則會有不 同程度上的建設性干涉。最後經由可程式光程差控制電路 70的控制，可將每一個特定波長訊號在2X2光纖耦合器40 輸出時，其特定波長訊號大小都一致，亦即達到增益平坦 化的目的。 --III—----„--裝！----訂围！---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用申國囤家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 4 3 93 3 0 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 5257iwf.d〇c/006 五、發明說明（/ j ) 所以相較於習知，本發明可動態的調整各個不同特定 波長訊號的輸出大小，又可以不用限制光纖光柵的排列順 序，即可達到高增益、低雜訊且增益平坦化之光放大器。 再者，若在麥克森干涉儀30之訊號輸出端再加上一個 後級光放大器80，用來接收並放大由麥克森干涉儀30之訊 號輸出端所輸出的特定波長訊號，並由於光纖光柵濾除了 雜訊，使後級光放大器80有較好的放大增益及雜訊特性， 並形成一個高功率的平坦化光放大器。 光程差調整器組FI、F2、. . .Fn中之第一光程差調整 器與第二光程差調整器，都是根據可程式光程差控制電路 70來控制，而這些光程差調整器可經由在光學通道上產生 溫度、拉伸力量或者壓力的改變，達成特定波長訊號在第 一光學通道與第二光學通道上的光程差調整。 請參照第2圖，其所繪示爲本發明之增益平坦化光放 大器之第二實施例。與第一實施例的動作類似，唯一的差 異在於其光程差調整器組FI、F2、. . .Fn上的光程差調整 器Dl-Dn與E1〜En係利用紫外線的照射達成固定的光程差 調整。此平坦化光放大器必須根據光纖光柵組C1、 C2、. . .Cn的排列順序，分別以紫外線照射F1、 F2、. · .Fn ，調整λΐ、λ2、. . .λη在第一光學通道與第二光 學通道的光程差。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中®國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210x297公釐） A7 B7 5257twf.doc/006 五、發明說明（〇) 以上二個實施例的增益平坦化光放大器更可以架構於 半導體基板上，並以半導體製程來製造，如此其重複性將 更好，並且量產更容易。 因此，本發明的優點係提供一種增益平坦化光放大 器’利用麥克森干涉儀，針對所需傳遞訊號之波長，進行 帶通濾波，並將其它波長之增強自發輻射雜訊濾除，其可 以提高幫浦光源的效率，增加光放大裝置的增益，亦可以 提昇訊號傳輸的光訊號雜訊比。 本發明的另一優點係提供一種增益平坦化光放大器， 利用在各個光纖光柵組前，加上一光程差控制器組，可動 態的調整各個不同光波長訊號的輸出大小，而達到高增 益、低雜訊且增益平坦化之光放大器。 綜上所述，雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然 其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本 發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本 發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者爲準。 ----------·；— 裝--------訂---------線:)1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）43 93 3 Q A7 _B7__ 5257t \ vf.doc / 006 V. Description of the invention (M) Filter, and the enhanced spontaneous emission noise of the remaining wavelengths will pass through the grating and be filtered out by the system. Moreover, the Maxson interferometer 30 can also block the enhanced spontaneous emission noise propagating backward in the subsequent stage optical amplifier 80, preventing it from entering the previous stage optical amplifier 40, thereby improving the overall performance of the optical amplifier device. Each optical path difference adjuster group FI, F2,... Fn is connected to a programmable optical path difference control circuit 70. Taking the first optical path difference adjuster group F1 as an example, according to the programmable optical path difference control circuit 70 to control the first optical path difference adjuster D1 and the second optical path difference adjuster E1, resulting in individual first optical path difference adjusters D1 and second optical path difference adjusters EI in the first optical channel 90 and the second There are different optical paths on the optical channel 100, and the gain optical signal with a wavelength of λΐ passes back and forth through the optical path difference adjuster group F1, which will cause the optical path of a specific wavelength signal on the first optical channel 90 and the second optical channel 100 Poor, and this specific wavelength signal (λΐ) will be constructively involved in 2X2 fiber coupler 40 to varying degrees. Similarly, the adjustment and control of the second optical path difference adjuster group F2 must consider the optical path difference adjuster group F1 of the previous group, so that the gain optical signal of the wavelength λ 2 passes back and forth after the optical path difference adjuster groups F1 and F2. , The optical path difference of the specific wavelength signal (λ2) will be caused on the first optical channel 90 and the second optical channel 100, and the specific wavelength signal will have constructive interference to different degrees in the 2X2 fiber coupler 40. Finally, under the control of the programmable optical path difference control circuit 70, when each specific wavelength signal is output at the 2X2 fiber coupler 40, the specific wavelength signal size is the same, that is, the purpose of gain flattening is achieved. --III —---- „-Packing! ---- Booking! ---- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This paper size applies to the China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) 4 3 93 3 0 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Consumption Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5257iwf.d〇c / 006 V. Description of the invention (/ j) Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present invention can Dynamically adjust the output size of each different specific wavelength signal, and you can achieve high gain, low noise and gain flattening optical amplifier without limiting the arrangement order of fiber gratings. Furthermore, if the Maxson interferometer 30 The signal output end is coupled with a post-stage optical amplifier 80 to receive and amplify the specific wavelength signal output from the signal output end of the Maxson interferometer 30, and because the fiber grating filters out noise, the post-stage optical amplifier 80 It has good amplification gain and noise characteristics, and forms a high-power flattened optical amplifier. The first optical path difference adjuster and the second optical path in the optical path difference adjuster groups FI, F2,... Fn The difference adjuster is based on the programmable optical path difference control circuit 70. These optical path difference adjusters can adjust the optical path difference between the first optical channel and the second optical channel by generating a change in temperature, tensile force, or pressure on the optical channel. Please refer to section Figure 2 shows the second embodiment of the gain flattening optical amplifier of the present invention. The operation is similar to the first embodiment, the only difference is the optical path difference adjuster groups FI, F2,... Fn The optical path difference adjusters Dl-Dn and E1 ~ En on the system achieve a fixed optical path difference adjustment by ultraviolet irradiation. This flattening optical amplifier must be arranged according to the order of the fiber grating groups C1, C2,... Cn, respectively. F1, F2,... Fn are irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and the optical path difference between λΐ, λ2,... Λ in the first optical channel and the second optical channel is adjusted. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Applicable paper size® National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x297 mm) A7 B7 5257twf.doc / 006 5. Description of the invention (〇) The gain flattening optical amplifiers of the above two embodiments can be constructed on semiconductor substrates. Semiconductor Therefore, the advantage of the present invention is to provide a gain flattening optical amplifier 'using a Maxson interferometer to perform bandpass for the wavelength of the required transmission signal. Filtering and filtering enhanced spontaneous emission noise at other wavelengths can improve the efficiency of the pump light source, increase the gain of the optical amplification device, and also increase the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the signal transmission. Another advantage of the present invention is A gain flattening optical amplifier is provided. By adding an optical path difference controller group in front of each fiber grating group, the output size of each different optical wavelength signal can be dynamically adjusted to achieve high gain, low noise and flat gain. Chemical light amplifier. In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment as above, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Retouching, so the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application. ---------- ·; — Install -------- Order --------- line:) 1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Economy Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau of the People's Republic of China Paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)