經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 438734 a? B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 防水是對水泥之耐久性的一個最重要的問題。大部分 水泥的折舊係歸因水泥對水之滲透的高滲透性及吸收性及 使溶解在水中的氣及硫酸根離子進入，造成不僅是水的參 入還有鋼筋的腐蝕及水泥破壞的擴大。 矽土煙霧，自矽或矽鐵合金產品的一副產物，係常用 作一勝泥及水泥添加物以製造抗腐敍的水泥，水泥具改良 的機械性質或防水滲水泥（見，例如，US 4，118,242，US 4,310,486及US 5,472,501)。然而，其缺點係不良的可應 用性及相對商的表面水吸收性歸因於良好毛細孔的毛細作 用，其造成該水泥的高吸收性且因此高位能之氣/硫酸根 建立於海上水泥結構的濺射及潮汐帶。此外，高水吸收性 將造成一水泥其係防水滲但非防潮的且無法配合一般使用 的水吸收計畫規格為當其測試依BS1881:Partl22係少於1% 之水泥。 疏水性化合物’如硬脂酸鈣、矽、蠟或瀝青乳狀物係 亦一般使用作水泥的防水混合物，以賦予該毛細表面一疏 水性塗布並阻斷一些孔洞》然而一些化合物具缺點為降低 的壓縮力（典型地10-15%少於該粗水泥）且降低在高流體頂 部的有效性。 然而’對一耐久的防水的水泥對水的低滲透性及低吸 收性係被尋求的。一解答係分開加入雙土煙霧及疏水性化 合物於製造該水泥的過程中。然而，這需要額外的混合/ 分散且該疏水性化合物通常以一乳狀物加入以達到一均質 的混合。該疏水性化合物的前乳化及複雜的配劑法使此一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（2!0Χ297公f ) (請先閱請背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝-Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 438734 a? B7 V. Description of the Invention (1) Waterproofing is the most important issue for the durability of cement. The depreciation of most cements is due to the high permeability and absorption of cement to water and the entry of dissolved gas and sulfate ions into the water, causing not only the participation of water but also the corrosion of steel bars and the expansion of cement damage. . Silica fume, a by-product of silicon or ferrosilicon products, is commonly used as a cement and cement additive to make anti-corrosive cement. Cement has improved mechanical properties or waterproof cement (see, for example, US 4 , 118,242, US 4,310,486 and US 5,472,501). However, its shortcomings are poor applicability and relatively quotient surface water absorption due to the capillary action of good pores, which causes the cement to be highly absorbent and therefore high-potential gas / sulfate is established on the offshore cement structure Splash and tidal zone. In addition, high water absorption will result in a cement that is water-resistant but non-moisture-resistant and cannot be used in general. The specifications of the water absorption plan are less than 1% of cement when tested according to BS1881: Partl22. Hydrophobic compounds such as calcium stearate, silicon, wax or asphalt emulsions are also commonly used as waterproofing mixtures of cement to give the capillary surface a hydrophobic coating and block some holes. However, some compounds have the disadvantage of reducing Compressive force (typically 10-15% less than the crude cement) and reduces effectiveness on top of high fluids. However, a low water permeability and low absorption to a durable waterproof cement is sought. One solution is to separately add the smectite smog and hydrophobic compounds in the process of making the cement. However, this requires additional mixing / dispersion and the hydrophobic compound is usually added as a milk to achieve a homogeneous mixing. The pre-emulsification of the hydrophobic compound and the complex formulation method make this paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2! 0 × 297 male f) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). -
,1T 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 方法不實際且不經濟對使用於建造位置。應被注意的是該 乳狀物於較冷的環境中只有有限的用途因其通常不抗霜β 此外，乳劑可降低疏水作用並造成過度的空氣進入並失去 力量。 另一方法係揭示於US 4,762,867。此描述使用一兩性 的合成聚合物分散系以降低在膠泥漿及水泥的水吸收力。 合成聚合物分散系係非常昂貴且有一對該水泥壓縮力的反 效果。其係不實際的且只有有限的用途。因此不常使用於 大規模防水水泥產品的建築工業。 從一方面根據該陳述之發明對膠泥及/或水泥有一防 水添加劑，包含至少一改質以至少一疏水性物質的凝硬性 物料。 該凝硬性物料較佳地包含一或更多凝硬性成分。該凝 硬性物料較佳地包含一或更多的矽土煙霧，微矽土及變高 嶺土。該矽土煙霧可為變濃的或不變濃的矽土煙霧。該微 矽土係較佳地為精煉的天然微矽土且較佳地係無定形的。 對該凝硬性物料的一特佳的組成係矽土煙霧及微矽土的一 混合物，最佳地以大約相對的重量。 該疏水性物料適宜地係一疏水性化合物，較佳地係一 有機的或有機金屬化合物，最佳地係一長鏈石蠟酸。該疏 水性物料可為一石蠟或脂肪酸酯，如丁基硬脂酸。該疏水 性化合物可為一肥皂，特別是一石蠟酸的金屬肥皂，如硬 脂酸鈣，硬脂酸鎂或硬脂酸鋁，或一石蠟酸的有機肥皂， 如，一銘鹽。該疏水性化合物可為油酸·，一峨乳狀物，梦 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標举（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ^^^1 n I ^^^1 ^^^1 n^i ^^^1 ^^^1 V V -5 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 438734 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 氧烷或一矽乳狀物。 該或每一添加劑的凝硬性成分可改質以一或更多的硫 水性物料。較佳的防水添加劑係至少一凝硬性物料（如， 妙土煙霧，微石夕土或變高嶺土）與至少一疏水性化合物， 或或許二或更多不同型式的疏水性化合物，的混合物。該 物料的組成可被發現能有更好的混合及終產物的一更自由 的粉末流動性質，及其增加的耐儲時間。 該凝硬性物料係較佳地改質以喷濺及/或混合該疏水 性物質，適宜地在一高速/切碎混合器，該混合操作較佳 地造成一緊密的，且較佳地本質上完全混合，該凝硬性物 料及該疏水性物料的混合物》 該疏水性物質的總重量在該防水添加劑係適宜地在該 範圍為該凝硬性物料重量的從5至30%，較佳地5至15%且 最佳地約10%。 一特佳的組成係一大約1 : 1之混合（以重量計）的變濃 的矽土煙霧及微矽土改質以10%(以該組合的凝硬性成分 的重量）之丁基硬脂酸。另一特佳的組成係變高嶺土改質 以10%(以重量計）的丁基硬脂酸。 根據該陳述之發明的第二方面有一膠泥漿或水泥包含 根據該發明的第一方面的一防水添加劑，該膠泥漿或水泥 較佳地包含一量之防水添加劑使得該添加劑的凝硬性物料 出現於該膠泥漿成水泥係以一量在範圍為膠泥重量之從5 至15%，且最佳地從約8至10%。該膠泥漿或水泥較佳地 具改良的水防滲性（適宜地少於l〇mm於28日後當測量依 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ~- I I ΐ I —訂 ' n \ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 4387 3 4 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裂 A7 B7_ 五、發明説明（4 ) DIN 1048)及/或降低的水吸收性（適宜地少於1%當測量 依BS1881:Partl22)較佳地當保持可接受的壓縮力時，因 此，該防水添加劑較佳地可用以改良勝泥漿及/或水泥的 防水性。 根據陳述之發明的第三方面有一方法製備一防水添加 劑對膠泥及/或水泥，包含改質一凝硬性物料以喷濺及或 混合一疏水性材料。噴濺及/或混合的步驟係執行以一高 速/切碎混合器。 根據該陳述之發明的第四方面有一方法裝備膠泥漿或 水泥包含混合的朦泥，砂及水以一防水添加劑根據該發明 的第一方面且/或製造以發明的第三方面。 在ASTM C618,—凝硬劍係定義以一梦土的及銘土的 物質其，本身，具有極少或沒有似水泥的值但其會，以良 好分割的形式於濕氣出現時，化學上反應與氫氧化鈣於室 溫以形成具似水泥性質的化合物。 該陳述之發明現僅描述以實例的方法，參考下列的具 現其係示範的但不限於此。 實例1 —對膠泥漿的防水 在此實例中膠泥襞的混合比例係基於以下之組成二膠 泥（ODC):水：砂：防水添加劑：液態起塑化劑以該比例 1:0.38:2.61:0-0.08:0.01·〇.〇2(分別以重量計）。該防水添加 劑包含一凝硬性物質（如矽土煙霧，精煉的天然微矽土或 變高嶺土）改以一疏水性物質（如一有機或有機金屬化合物 如丁基硬脂酸，硬脂酸鈣，一石蠟酸的其他金屬肥皂，油 本紙張尺度顧㈣辭鮮（CNS ) A4規格（2Ι()χϋ_) - 7 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填离本頁) 裝_ 、?τ 43 87 3 4 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（ 酸，蠟乳狀物，矽氧烷及矽乳狀物）。因此，在該防水添 加劑該疏水化合物係整合地提供以該凝硬性物料。 使用的該矽土煙霧係一商業上可得的產品有一典型的 組成如示於表1(以成份示以重量之％): 表1 :典型的矽土煙霧組成, 1T Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) The method is not practical and economical for the construction site. It should be noted that this milk has limited use in colder environments because it is generally not resistant to frost β In addition, emulsions can reduce hydrophobic effects and cause excessive air ingress and loss of strength. Another method is disclosed in US 4,762,867. This description uses an amphoteric synthetic polymer dispersion to reduce water absorption in mortars and cements. Synthetic polymer dispersions are very expensive and have an adverse effect on the compressive force of the cement. It is impractical and has limited uses. Therefore, it is not often used in the construction industry of large-scale waterproof cement products. The invention according to this statement from one aspect has a water repellent additive for cement and / or cement, comprising at least one setting material modified with at least one hydrophobic substance. The setting material preferably contains one or more setting components. The hardening material preferably contains one or more silica fumes, micro silica, and metakaolin. The silica fume may be a thickened or unconcentrated silica fume. The microsilica is preferably a refined natural microsilica and is preferably amorphous. A particularly preferred composition for this set material is a mixture of silica fume and microsilica, preferably at approximately relative weight. The hydrophobic material is suitably a hydrophobic compound, preferably an organic or organometallic compound, and most preferably a long-chain paraffin acid. The hydrophobic material may be a paraffin or a fatty acid ester, such as butylstearic acid. The hydrophobic compound may be a soap, particularly a metal soap of paraffin acid, such as calcium stearate, magnesium or aluminum stearate, or an organic soap of paraffin acid, such as a salt. The hydrophobic compound may be oleic acid, a worm-like milk, and the paper size of the dream paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) ^^^ 1 n I ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 n ^ i ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 VV -5 (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 438734 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Oxane or a silicon emulsion. The hardening component of the or each additive may be modified with one or more sulfur-based materials. A preferred waterproofing additive is a mixture of at least one hardening material (eg, Miaotu smog, microlith, or metakaolin) and at least one hydrophobic compound, or perhaps two or more different types of hydrophobic compounds. The composition of the material can be found to have better mixing and a more free powder flow property of the final product, and its increased shelf life. The hardening material is preferably modified to splash and / or mix the hydrophobic material, suitably in a high speed / shred mixer, the mixing operation preferably results in a compact, and preferably essentially Completely mix the mixture of the hardening material and the hydrophobic material. The total weight of the hydrophobic material is suitably in the range of 5 to 30%, preferably 5 to 30% by weight of the hardening material. 15% and optimally about 10%. A particularly good composition is a 1: 1 thickened (by weight) mixture of thickened silica fume and microsilica modified with 10% (by weight of the hardening component of the combination) of butyl stearic acid . Another particularly preferred composition is a kaolin modification of 10% (by weight) butylstearic acid. A second aspect of the invention according to the statement has a mortar or cement containing a waterproofing additive according to the first aspect of the invention. The mortar or cement preferably contains an amount of the waterproofing additive such that the hardened material of the additive appears in The cement slurry is cemented in an amount ranging from 5 to 15% by weight of the cement, and preferably from about 8 to 10%. The mortar or cement preferably has improved water permeability (appropriately less than 10 mm. After 28 days, when measured in accordance with this paper size, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) is applicable.) ~-II ΐ I —Order 'n \ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4387 3 4 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7_ V. Description of the invention ( 4) DIN 1048) and / or reduced water absorption (preferably less than 1% when measured in accordance with BS1881: Partl22), preferably while maintaining acceptable compressive forces, therefore, the waterproof additive is preferably used to improve Water resistance of mud and / or cement. According to the third aspect of the stated invention, there is a method for preparing a waterproof additive for cement and / or cement, comprising modifying a hardening material to splash and / or mixing a hydrophobic material. The step of splashing and / or mixing is performed with a high speed / shredder mixer. According to the fourth aspect of the stated invention, there is a method of equipping mortar or cement containing mixed mud, sand and water with a waterproof additive according to The first aspect of the invention and / or the manufacturing of the third aspect of the invention. In ASTM C618, the hardened sword system is defined as a dream soil and a soil material which itself has little or no cement-like value but its Yes, when moisture appears in a well-divided form, it reacts chemically with calcium hydroxide at room temperature to form compounds with cement-like properties. The stated invention is now described by way of example only, with reference to the following manifestations. Exemplary but not limited to this. Example 1-Waterproofing of Mortar Slurry In this example, the mixing ratio of the mortar is based on the following composition. Two cement (ODC): water: sand: waterproof additive: liquid plasticizer in this ratio 1: 0.38: 2.61: 0-0.08: 0.01 · 〇.〇2 (respectively by weight). The waterproof additive contains a hardening substance (such as silica fume, refined natural micro silica or metakaolin). Hydrophobic substances (such as an organic or organometallic compound such as butyl stearic acid, calcium stearate, other metal soaps of paraffin acid, oil-based paper scale Gu Xinxian (CNS) A4 specification (2Ι () χϋ_)- 7-(Please read the first Matters that need to be filled out this page) Packing _,? Τ 43 87 3 4 A7 B7 Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (acid, wax emulsion, silicone and silicone emulsion ). Therefore, the hydrophobic compound is integrated to provide the hardening material in the waterproof additive. The silica fume used is a commercially available product with a typical composition as shown in Table 1 (indicated by ingredients and weight %): Table 1: Typical silica fume composition
组成 Si02 SO, c FejO, CaO MgO Na20 i^O 一般範圍 85-95 0.1-1.5 1.0-6.0 0.1-0.4 0.1-0.5 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0 〇.l-l〇 典型的 90-94 1.0最大3.0最大 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.0最大l.〇最大 i農化的碎 土煙霧（如 Scancern Materials Pty Ltd, Australia所提供）及未濃化的矽土煙霧（如Elkem Materials, Norway所提供）皆為合適的。對該濃化的矽化煙霧之典 型的密度範圍係500-650Kg/m3且對未濃化的矽土煙霧係 250-400Kg/m3。 使用的微矽土係一精煉的天然無定形矽土（如 Microsilica New Zealand Limited, New Zealand所提供）。 典型的組成係示於表2(以成分示以重量％): 表2 :典型的精煉的天然微矽土組成 組成 Si〇2 SO; Cl LOI 酸金屬含量 總密度 典塑的 90.8 0.15 0.001 2.2 0.012 700kg/m3 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標华（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） » n nn a^i— ^^^1 ^^1 · — - - 1^1 ^ J. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填皆^本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合竹社印聚 Λ3¾7 34 at ___Β7五、發明説明（6 ) 使用的該變高嶺土係一商業上可得的產品製造以高溫 處理的向嶺土（EEC International, UK or Erigelhard Corporation, USA所提供該典型的組成係示於表3(以成 分示以重量％): 表3 :典型的變高嶺土組成 組成 Si02 A12〇3 Fe2〇3 CaO Mgo K20 Na20 典型的 52-55 40-42 0.6-4.6 0-0.1 0.2-0.4 0.6-2.4 <0.1 選出的凝硬性物質係處理以喷濺及混合一或更多的疏 水性化合物在一高速’高切碎混合器以製造一表面改質的 防水添加劑對膠泥或水泥。該較佳的疏水性化合物係丁基 硬脂酸醇，硬脂酸約或其他石壤酸的金屬肥皂其一般使用 作防水添加劑在膠泥或水泥中《其他適宜的疏水性化合物 包含油酸、蠟乳狀液、矽氧烷及矽乳狀液，但以降低的效 率。 膝泥漿混> 合物其中一範圍疏水性地改質凝硬性物料與 膠泥，砂，水及超塑化劑係製備在一 Hobart混合器》該液 態超塑化劑係加入調整該混合至一常數工作性質（流動 該膠泥的壓縮力係測試依ASTM C109且水吸收性係測試 以一改良的方法依BS 1881 : Pari 122於7天中。此結果（包 含對一具無疏水性物質的對照物質的結果）係總結於每一 選出的凝硬性物質於表4,5,6及7。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -一' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本莧) 裝· 訂 4 3 87 3 4 a? ___ B7 五、發明説明（7 ) __表4 :改質以濃化矽土煙霧之膠泥漿的測試結果 疏水化合* I 了綠輯酵硬脂跋約㈣蠟乳狀物錢姹呼乳狀物 -ϋΛ (Mpa) 1天 36.0 35.0 31.0 24.0 24.5 17.5 7.0 7天 63.5 63.0 54.0 52.0 49.0 52.5 46.0 28天 68.5 70.5 61.5 70.0 64-5 71.0 74.0 水吸水力@ 7 天(％) 2.20 0.58 0.68 1.84 1·56 1.55 2.09 表5 -改質以未濃化梦土煙霧之膠泥漿的測試結果 疏水化合物 無 丁基硬脂酸醇硬脂後約油酸蠟乳狀物矽氧烷矽乳狀物 壓縮力 (Mpa) 1天 36.0 34.5 31.0 30.0 35.0 7.0 3.0 7天 63.5 68.5 60.0 66.5 66.0 62.0 66,0 28天 68.5 72.0 66.0 70.0 69.5 75.0 74.0 水吸水力@ - 7 天(％) 2.20 0.65 0.80 1.41 1.48 1.43 1.69 __表6 :有改質之微破土之膠泥漿的測試結果 疏水化合物無丁基硬脂酸酵硬脂酸約油酸蠟乳狀物矽氧炫矽乳狀物 f ----n n - - ----1 I I - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 壓縮力 (Mpa) 1天 38.0 36.0 35.5 29.5 33.0 1.5 12.0 7天 66.5 63.0 59.5 54.5 62.0 43.5 54.0 28天 76.0 78.0 73.0 79.0 71.0 73.5 76.5 水吸水力@ 7 天(％) 2.12 0.63 0.79 1.61 1.70 1.43 2.04 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )八4现格（2丨0X297公釐） ：~10二 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 4387 3 4 at Β7 五、發明説明（8 ) 表7 :有改質之變高嶺土的膠泥漿的測試結果 疏水化合物無丁基硬脂酸醇硬脂酸鈣油酸蠟乳狀物矽氧烷矽乳狀物 壓縮力 (Mpa) 1天 33.0 32.0 30.5 33.0 33.0 1.0 2,5 7天 62.5 63.0 64.0 65.0 64.0 60.5 56.0 28天 65.0 67.5 64.0 71.0 68.0 71.0 72.0 水吸水力@ 7 天(％) 2.30 0.58 0.63 1.29 1.42 1.53 1.66 以上之研究顯示所防水添加劑可有效地降低該膠泥的 水吸力而通常沒有或極少反效果在28天之壓缩力被發現。 事實上，在許多例子增加的壓縮力被發現。在該力之數據 的變動對該粗膠泥係歸因於不同來源的膠泥得於不同時間 的測試。因此比較應限於測試的每一群中。凝硬劑改質以 丁基硬脂酸醇顯示最好的結合效能以力量的發展及水之吸 收力。 相似的膠泥可製備以使用多於一防水添加劑的混合。 多於一凝硬性物質可使用，且該或每一凝硬性物質可改質 以相同的或不同的硫水性物質或以多於一疏水性物質。 實例2—對水泥的防水 該防水添加劑對水泥的影響係示範以下列研究。 使用於此研究的該改質的凝硬性物質係濃化的矽土煙 霧（如詳述關於表1)改質以10%丁基硬脂酸醇。其他凝硬性 物質改質以丁基硬脂酸醇係期望以顯示相似或更好的如示 於該膠泥漿研究。二典型的水對膠泥（W/C)比例〇,36及0.45 本紙乐尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210Χ2π公釐） --------i------，玎------^ - - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 4387 3 4 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) 係用於此研究且改質的矽土煙霧（MSF)的劑量度係以重量 之總膠合劑（膠泥+矽土煙霧）成分的5%及10%。該水泥混 合比例及該測試結果係示於表8及9，一表對每一水：膠泥 水例。 該水泥係裝備以一水泥鼓狀混合器。該膠泥（OPC)， 濃化的矽土煙霧及該液態超塑化劑（高範圍降水劑： HRWRA)係商業上可得的物質。該新的性質及該水泥之力 係測試依指示定於BS 1881 該水吸收力係測試於7天及28 天依BS 1881 :Part 122。該水吸收力係測試於28天依DIN 1048及快速的氣滲入測試係進行於28天依ASTM 1202。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 Ί2 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐） d3 87 3 4 A7 B7五、發明説明（ίο )_表8 :水泥之測試結果(水:膠泥:0.36) 經濟部中央標苹局員工消費合作社印製 物質 未改質的 MSF-1 MSF-2 (無 MSF) at 5% at 10% 混合比例 OPC(kg) 420 399 378 砂(kg) 786 786 786 石(kg) 1063 1063 1063 水(kg) 151 151 151 改質之矽土煙霧 21 42 (kg) HRWRA (L/100kg 膠合） 12 1.3 2.0 結果 起始下降〇nm) 155 200 200 起始設定時間 7:45 Not tested 11:00 (hrs:mim) 終了設定時間 (hrs:mim) 壓縮力(MPA) 9:35 Not tested 13:15 1天 47.0 35.5 30.0 3天 64.0 58.0 53.0 7天 72.5 70.0 68.5 28天 76.0 79.0 78.0 56天 78.5 84.0 82.0 水吸收力(％) 7天 1.83 0.86 0.65 28天 1.80 0.76 0.59 水滲透性 28 天(mm) 15.0 3.0 1.0 快速氣滲透 28 天(庫倫） 2889 1130 479 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X 297公釐） η 1^—^i i^n^i ^^^^1 ^^^^1 ^^^^1 . ^^^^1 ^^^^1 ^^—^1 mf ^^^^1 \ ， -5 (請先閱請背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 43 87 3 4 Αν B7 五、發明説明（11 ) _表9 :水泥之測試結果(水:膠泥:0.45) 物質 未改質的 (無 MSF) MSF-1 at 5% MSF-2 at 10% 混合比例 OPC(kg) 380 361 342 砂(kg) 782 782 782 石(kg) 1057 1057 1057 水(kg) 171 171 171 改質之矽土煙霧 19 18 (kg) HRWRA(L/100 膠合） 0.9 1.2 ΙΑ 結果 起始下降〇nm) 130 140 105 起始設定時間 5:30 5:25 6:00 (hrs:mim) 終了設定時間 6:45 7:00 7:25 (hrs:mim) 壓縮力(MPA) 1天 32.5 31.5 27.0 3天 49.5 47.0 44.0 7天 57.0 57.5 56.5 28天 65.0 68.0 64,5 56天 65,5 70,0 69.5 水吸收力(％) 7天 2.26 1,02 0.78 28天 2.20 0.99 0.70 水滲透性 28天(mm) 25.0 6.0 1.5 快速氫滲透 28天(庫倫） 2641 1763 712 --------，裝------訂------,λ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（2!ΟΧ297公釐） 1 ~14 - 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 4 3 8 7 3 4 A7 B7 玉、發明説明（12 ) 該結果顯示該改質以5-10%的特定之防水劑的水泥之 壓縮力可保持或增加至4%及10%分別於28天及56天。該 水之滲透性，水吸收力及氣滲透性係大大地降低。甚至在 水/膠泥比例0.45及一添加5%之改質的矽土煙霧，該水 滲透力僅為6mm，其係遠低於20mm(平均）參透力如定於 ENV206對水無法參透之水泥》該水吸收力可亦控制至低 於1 %。 不同的防水添加劑，或添加劑之混合，如描述對實例 1可用於裝備水泥如對此例子。 形容於上之新防水劑的另外的好處之一係該改質的水 泥的降低之水吸收力。該吸收測試係事實上相似於該表面 水吸收測試。唯一不同係在此例的樣品係不完全浸於水中 ，而僅是測試樣品的底部表面置於與水接觸❶以此方式毛 細吸收可直接以内眼觀測以觀察在濕區的高度增加，或以 測量該重量増加。以下實例示範水泥在毛細力之下的吸收 行為。 用以測試的該水泥混合部分係用於示於實例2以10% 額外的改質的矽土煙霧《此外，以10%未改質的矽土煙霧 的一水泥係製備以比較。該水泥係矯正28天及核部分有 75mm之直徑及75mm之高度係被選取。該樣品係塗布以一 環氧樹脂在縱面的縱長且乾燥在一烘箱1〇51： 3天且冷卻在 一乾燥箱1天於測試前。該測試樣品係置於以該圓柱之底 部與水接觸且該樣品的重量增加係測量於30及60分及24小 時與水接觸之後。該樣品係分為兩半於24小時之後且該濕 本紙張尺度適用中囡國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公楚） T5 I-------- -士 ΰί - n n __ 丁 一η» I ------15· 0¾ ，νβ〆 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 438734 μ B7 一五 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 發明説明（13 ) 區的高度被測量。該結果係示於表10。 表10 :租水泥之水吸收性，水泥矽土煙霧的有改質之矽土煙霧的水泥 _之比較_ 水泥 未加工的 SF-水泥 MSF-水泥 W/C比例 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.45 重量增加 30分 2.5 4.2 1.9 3.9 0.4 1.0 60分 4.0 7.5 3.2 5.9 0.9 1.9 24小時 13.8 22.8 10.2 17.6 3.0 5.1 濕區高度 _ 24小時(mm) 51 63 38 48 4 10 事實上該矽土煙霧水泥之吸收力亦係非常高，歸因於 良好的毛細孔出現。該疏水地改質之矽土煙霧係相當有效 於降低該水泥的毛細吸收，其係對一耐久的水泥十分有用 的以防止潮濕的升高及風化的形成，降低氣及硫酸根濃度 建立於海邊水泥的潮矽帶及喷濺帶，降低結凍之冰的損壞 並降低藻類在水泥表面的生長。 總而言之，描述於上的該改良的防水劑係注意到提供 一改進及經濟的溶液以裝造高耐久的水防滲性及防潮的水 泥其係可克服包含矽土煙霧的相對高之防水水泥的水吸收 力的缺點且降低壓縮力，包含疏水性化合物之防水水泥的 相對高的水滲透性。可發現該防水水泥可製造以加入一改 質的凝硬性物質以達到如定於ENV208的水泥之水防參性 及依BS1881:Partl22少於1%的水吸收力。 如描述於上的實例，凝硬性物質作用係該疏水性化合 16 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X29·/公釐） 438734 A7 B7 五、發明説明（14 ) 物的載體且因此一前乳化係不需要的，提供一本質上的優 點對之前的技藝。該凝硬劑對技術以一反應孔填充劑以反 該膠泥的水合產品以形成不溶的沈澱將其降低多孔性及膠 泥黏土的孔徑。同時該吸收的疏水性化合物係相信移至該 水泥的空氣/水介面並形成一疏外層在水泥表面及該毛細 孔之壁上其形可對水之毛細吸收的一有效防護。形容於上 的該新的防水劑被發現可提供一十分有效的溶液以供水泥 以水防滲性及防潮特性。使用該防水劑係相當直接且不同 於矽土煙霧在水泥製造的一般使用β事實上，包含該新防 水劑的新水泥的工作效力被發現好於一般妙土煙霧水泥， 如該防水性化合物作以對該膠泥物質的一内部潤滑劑。 該陳述之發明可包含任何特徵或揭示於此之特徵的組 合不論暗含地或明確地或任何由此之產生無論是否關於該 陳述之發明。以之前描述之觀點事實上對熟習於此技藝的 人們各種改良可在此發明的範圍内製造β (請先閲讀背而之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐）Composition Si02 SO, c FejO, CaO MgO Na20 i ^ O General range 85-95 0.1-1.5 1.0-6.0 0.1-0.4 0.1-0.5 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0 〇.ll〇 Typical 90-94 1.0 Max 3.0 Max 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.0 max. 1.0 max. Agrochemical crushed soil smoke (as provided by Scancern Materials Pty Ltd, Australia) and unconcentrated silica smoke (as provided by Elkem Materials, Norway) are suitable. Typical densities for this thickened silicified fumes are in the range of 500-650 Kg / m3 and for unconcentrated silica fumes are 250-400 Kg / m3. The micro-silica used is a refined natural amorphous silica (such as provided by Microsilica New Zealand Limited, New Zealand). Typical composition is shown in Table 2 (in terms of ingredients by weight%): Table 2: Typical refined natural micro-silica composition SiO 2 SO; Cl LOI acid metal content total density canonical 90.8 0.15 0.001 2.2 0.012 700kg / m3 This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 (210X297mm) »n nn a ^ i— ^^^ 1 ^^ 1 · —--1 ^ 1 ^ J. (Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again ^ This page) Consumers of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumption of Hezhusha Printing Co., Ltd. Λ3¾7 34 at ___ Β7 V. Description of the Invention (6) The commercially-available kaolin-based product is manufactured at high temperature Treated Xiangling clay (EEC International, UK or Erigelhard Corporation, USA) The typical composition is shown in Table 3 (in terms of ingredients by weight%): Table 3: Typical metakaolin composition Si02 A12〇3 Fe2. 3 CaO Mgo K20 Na20 Typical 52-55 40-42 0.6-4.6 0-0.1 0.2-0.4 0.6-2.4 < 0.1 The selected hardening substance is treated by spraying and mixing one or more hydrophobic compounds in one High Speed 'High Shred Mixer to Make a Surface Modified Waterproof Additive to Cement or Cement The preferred hydrophobic compound is butyl stearate alcohol, stearic acid or other litholinic acid metal soap, which is generally used as a waterproofing additive in cement or cement. "Other suitable hydrophobic compounds include oleic acid, wax Emulsions, silicones, and silicone emulsions, but with reduced efficiency. Knee mud mixtures> One of a range of hydrophobically modified hardened materials is prepared with cement, sand, water, and superplasticizers In a Hobart mixer, the liquid superplasticizer is added to adjust the mixing to a constant working property (the compressive force of the flowing cement is tested according to ASTM C109 and the water absorption system is tested in an improved method according to BS 1881: Pari 122 in 7 days. This result (including the result of a reference substance without a hydrophobic substance) is summarized in each selected hardening substance in Tables 4, 5, 6, and 7. This paper scale applies Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)-a '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this card) Packing and ordering 4 3 87 3 4 a? ___ B7 V. Description of the invention (7) __Table 4: Measurement of cement modified with thickened silica fume Result Hydrophobic combination * I green fermentation fermented stearyl glutamate ㈣ wax milk money 姹 姹 milk milk-ϋΛ (Mpa) 1 day 36.0 35.0 31.0 24.0 24.5 17.5 7.0 7 days 63.5 63.0 54.0 52.0 49.0 52.5 46.0 28 days 68.5 70.5 61.5 70.0 64-5 71.0 74.0 Water absorbency @ 7 days (%) 2.20 0.58 0.68 1.84 1.56 1.55 2.09 Table 5-Test results of modified cement slurry modified with unconcentrated dream soil smoke Hydrophobic compounds without butyl hard After oleic acid and stearin, about oleic acid wax emulsion silicone silicone emulsion compression force (Mpa) 1 day 36.0 34.5 31.0 30.0 35.0 7.0 3.0 7 days 63.5 68.5 60.0 66.5 66.0 62.0 66,0 28 days 68.5 72.0 66.0 70.0 69.5 75.0 74.0 Water absorption @-7 days (%) 2.20 0.65 0.80 1.41 1.48 1.43 1.69 __ Table 6: Test results of modified clay with modified micro-soils Hydrophobic compounds without butyl stearic acid stearic acid About oleic acid wax emulsion Silicone silicone emulsion f ---- nn------ 1 II-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Employees of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Cooperative printed compressive force (Mpa) 1 day 38.0 36.0 35.5 29.5 33.0 1.5 12.0 7 days 66.5 63.0 59.5 54.5 62.0 43.5 54.0 28 days 76.0 78.0 73.0 79.0 71.0 73.5 76.5 Water absorption @ 7 days (%) 2.12 0.63 0.79 1.61 1.70 1.43 2.04 This paper scale applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) 2 丨 0X297 mm): ~ 10 2 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4387 3 4 at Β7 V. Description of the invention (8) Table 7: Test results of modified kaolin clay slurry with hydrophobic compounds None Butyl stearate, calcium stearate, oleic acid, wax emulsion, silicone siloxane compression (Mpa) 1 day 33.0 32.0 30.5 33.0 33.0 1.0 2,5 7 days 62.5 63.0 64.0 65.0 64.0 60.5 56.0 28 days 65.0 67.5 64.0 71.0 68.0 71.0 72.0 Water absorption @ 7 days (%) 2.30 0.58 0.63 1.29 1.42 1.53 1.66 The above studies show that the waterproofing additives can effectively reduce the water suction of the cement without usually having little or no adverse effect in 28 days Compression force was found. In fact, increased compressive forces were found in many examples. Variations in the data of this force attributed the rough cement system to different sources of cement that were tested at different times. The comparison should therefore be limited to each group tested. Modification of hardeners with butyl stearate shows the best binding power for strength development and water absorption. Similar cements can be prepared to use a mix of more than one waterproofing additive. More than one setting material can be used, and the or each setting material can be modified with the same or different sulfur aqueous materials or with more than one hydrophobic material. Example 2-Waterproofing of cement The effect of this waterproofing additive on cement is demonstrated by the following studies. The modified hardened substance used in this study was thickened silica fume (as detailed in Table 1) modified with 10% butylstearate. Other hardening materials modified with butylstearate are expected to show similar or better results as shown in this cement slurry study. Two typical water to cement (W / C) ratios of 0.36 and 0.45 This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 × 2π mm) -------- i ------,玎 ------ ^--(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 4387 3 4 B7 V. Description of the invention (9) is the modified silica fume (MSF) used in this research The dosage is based on 5% and 10% of the total cement (clay + silica fume) composition by weight. The cement mixing ratio and the test results are shown in Tables 8 and 9, a table for each water: cement water example. The cement system is equipped with a cement drum mixer. The cement (OPC), concentrated silica fume, and the liquid superplasticizer (high range precipitation agent: HRWRA) are commercially available substances. The new properties and the strength of the cement are tested according to instructions in BS 1881. The water absorption is tested in 7 and 28 days according to BS 1881: Part 122. The water absorption test was performed at 28 days according to DIN 1048 and the rapid air penetration test system was performed at 28 days according to ASTM 1202. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 2 This paper is sized for China National Standard (CNS) A4 (2 丨 0X297 mm) d3 87 3 4 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (ίο) _Table 8: Test results of cement (water: cement: 0.36) MSF-1 MSF-2 (without MSF) at 5 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, unmodified material % at 10% Mixing ratio OPC (kg) 420 399 378 Sand (kg) 786 786 786 Stone (kg) 1063 1063 1063 Water (kg) 151 151 151 Modified silica fume 21 42 (kg) HRWRA (L / 100kg Glue) 12 1.3 2.0 Result initial decline 0 nm) 155 200 200 Initial setting time 7:45 Not tested 11:00 (hrs: mim) End setting time (hrs: mim) Compression force (MPA) 9:35 Not tested 13:15 1 day 47.0 35.5 30.0 3 days 64.0 58.0 53.0 7 days 72.5 70.0 68.5 28 days 76.0 79.0 78.0 56 days 78.5 84.0 82.0 water absorption (%) 7 days 1.83 0.86 0.65 28 days 1.80 0.76 0.59 water permeability 28 days ( mm) 15.0 3.0 1.0 Fast air permeation for 28 days (Coulomb) 2889 1130 479 Paper size Using the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm) η 1 ^ — ^ ii ^ n ^ i ^^^^ 1 ^^^^ 1 ^^^^ 1. ^^^^ 1 ^^^^ 1 ^^ — ^ 1 mf ^^^^ 1 \, -5 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 43 87 3 4 Αν B7 V. Description of the invention (11) _Table 9: Test results of cement (water: cement: 0.45) Unmodified material (without MSF) MSF-1 at 5% MSF-2 at 10% OPC (kg) 380 361 342 Sand ( kg) 782 782 782 Stone (kg) 1057 1057 1057 Water (kg) 171 171 171 Modified silica fume 19 18 (kg) HRWRA (L / 100 glue) 0.9 1.2 ΙΑ Results initially decreased by 0 nm) 130 140 105 Initial setting time 5:30 5:25 6:00 (hrs: mim) End setting time 6:45 7:00 7:25 (hrs: mim) Compression force (MPA) 1 day 32.5 31.5 27.0 3 days 49.5 47.0 44.0 7 days 57.0 57.5 56.5 28 days 65.0 68.0 64,5 56 days 65,5 70,0 69.5 Water absorption (%) 7 days 2.26 1,02 0.78 28 days 2.20 0.99 0.70 Water permeability 28 days (mm) 25.0 6.0 1.5 Rapid hydrogen permeation for 28 days (Coulomb) 2641 1763 712 --------, installed ------ ordered ------, λ (please Read the notes on the reverse side and fill out this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (2! 〇 × 297 mm) 1 ~ 14-Printed by the Offshore Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 3 8 7 3 4 A7 B7 Jade, description of invention (12) The results show that the compressive force of the modified cement with 5-10% of the specific waterproofing agent can be maintained or increased to 4% and 10% for 28 days and 56 days, respectively. The water permeability, water absorption and gas permeability are greatly reduced. Even at a water / cement ratio of 0.45 and a modified 5% silica fume, the water permeability is only 6mm, which is much lower than 20mm (average). The permeability is set to ENV206 cement which cannot penetrate water. This water absorption can also be controlled to less than 1%. Different waterproof additives, or mixtures of additives, as described for Example 1 can be used to equip cement as in this example. One of the additional benefits of the new waterproofing agent described above is the reduced water absorption of the modified cement. The absorption test is actually similar to the surface water absorption test. The only difference is that the sample in this example is not completely immersed in water, but only the bottom surface of the test sample is placed in contact with water. In this way, capillary absorption can be observed directly with the inner eye to observe the increase in height in the wet zone, or Measure the weight increase. The following example demonstrates the absorption behavior of cement under capillary forces. The cement mix used for the test was shown in Example 2 with a 10% additional modified silica fume, and a cement system prepared with 10% unmodified silica fume for comparison. The cement system was corrected for 28 days and the core part had a diameter of 75mm and a height of 75mm were selected. The sample was coated with an epoxy resin in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal plane and dried in an oven 1051: 3 days and cooled in a drying box for 1 day before testing. The test sample was placed in contact with water at the bottom of the cylinder and the weight increase of the sample was measured after 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours after contact with water. The sample is divided into two halves after 24 hours and the wet paper size applies the China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297). T5 I -------- -Shiΰί-nn __ Ding Yi η »I ------ 15 · 0¾, νβ〆 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 438734 μ B7 One-fifth Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau Employees' Cooperative Cooperative Printed Invention Description (13) The height is measured. The results are shown in Table 10. Table 10: Water Absorptivity of Rental Cement, Modified Silica Fume Cement with Silica Fume_Comparison_ Cement Raw SF-Cement MSF-Cement W / C Ratio 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.45 Weight Increase 30 minutes 2.5 4.2 1.9 3.9 0.4 1.0 60 minutes 4.0 7.5 3.2 5.9 0.9 1.9 24 hours 13.8 22.8 10.2 17.6 3.0 5.1 Wet zone height_ 24 hours (mm) 51 63 38 48 4 10 In fact, the absorption capacity of the silica fume cement is also The line is very high, due to the appearance of good pores. The hydrophobically modified silica fume system is quite effective in reducing the capillary absorption of the cement. It is very useful for a durable cement to prevent the rise of moisture and the formation of weathering, and to reduce the concentration of gas and sulfate. The cement's moist silicon zone and splash zone reduce the damage of frozen ice and reduce the growth of algae on the cement surface. All in all, the improved waterproofing agent described above is noted to provide an improved and economical solution for the construction of highly durable water impermeability and moisture-proof cement which can overcome the relatively high waterproof cement containing silica fume. Disadvantages of water absorption and reduced compressive forces, the relatively high water permeability of waterproof cements containing hydrophobic compounds. It can be found that the waterproof cement can be manufactured by adding a modified hardening substance to achieve the water resistance of cement such as ENV208 and less than 1% water absorption according to BS1881: Partl22. As in the example described above, the action of the hardening substance is the hydrophobic compound 16 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X29 · / mm) 438734 A7 B7 V. The carrier of the invention description (14) and therefore is not needed for a pre-emulsification system, providing an essential advantage over previous techniques. The hardener pairing technique uses a reaction pore filler to reverse the hydrated product of the cement to form an insoluble precipitate which reduces its porosity and the pore size of the cement clay. At the same time, the absorbed hydrophobic compound is believed to move to the air / water interface of the cement and form a sparse outer layer on the cement surface and the walls of the pores, which can effectively protect the capillary absorption of water. The new water repellent described above has been found to provide a very effective solution for cement to have water impermeability and moisture resistance. The use of this waterproofing agent is quite straightforward and is different from the general use of silica fume in cement manufacturing. In fact, the working efficiency of new cement containing the new waterproofing agent was found to be better than that of ordinary clay soil cement. To an internal lubricant for the cement substance. The invention of the statement may include any feature or combination of features disclosed herein, whether implicitly or explicitly or any resulting therefrom, regardless of the invention of the statement. From the viewpoint described earlier, in fact, various improvements to people who are familiar with this technique can be made within the scope of this invention. (Please read the precautions before filling out this page.) The printed paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm)