經濟部中央標率赁工消费合作社印装 • 4 2 406 0 年丨丨月丨日修正/A7 五、發明説明（/ ) 【技術領域】 本發明係為提供一種混凝土結構品質檢測用之方法及 裝置’其具有可感測波源發生時間之感應骐，以做為混凝 土結構非破壞檢測時’製造產生應力波及記錄波源發生時 間芩用’使原本須要配置雙接收器之混凝土結構檢測工 作’改進變成只需單一接收器即可完成。不僅節省成本， 更可簡化檢測及訊號分析工作，大幅提昇混凝土結構檢測 工作之效能’以增進土木建築結構非破壞檢測技術水平，. 提昇工程品質》 【習知技術及其原理】 品質檢測及安全檢查為確保土木營建工程施工品質及 曰後使用安全不可或缺之工作’而該檢測工作通常皆須藉 助非破壞檢測（Nondestructive Testing)技術之協助。混凝 土材料為目前土木營建工程使用量最大之材料，混凝土非 破壞檢測技術之發展’遠比金屬材料來得緩慢，其主要原 因在於混凝土屬高度不均質材料，且混凝土結構尺寸比較 大。超音波法為眾人熟知之一種非破壞檢測法，其應用範 圍相當廣範，包括金屬材料瑕疵、焊接品質、殘留應力、 人艘檢査…等，惟其在混凝土材料上之應用並不理想，主 要缺點為：（1)超音波？I進混凝土内部之高頻波，容易被 混凝土内部之小孔隙所散射，雖然後來已有較低頻之超音 波儀器上市，但其透過電壓刺激壓電材料變形所產生之波 源，能量仍不足，限制了應力波傳動距離；（2)探頭尺寸 3 本纸張又度適用中國國家揉率（CNS ) A4规格（210X297公釐） 83.3.10,000 ----------袭------tr------β-. (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標车局負工消费合作社印裝 42^060 ^年丨丨月I Ώ修正/史必/終龙 B7 五、發明説明（l) 過大’為了能有效產生激發源及訊號接收，混凝土表面必 須特別處理並塗耦合液，施測時須給予適度壓力。 針對上述超音波缺點之改善，敲擊回音法（Impact-Echo Method)於1980年代中期被提出，其乃以敲擊方式引入應 力波於混凝土試體内，應力波之能量大小及頻率高低可利 用調整敲擊力大小及敲擊器尺寸來控制：另外，敲擊回音 法中使用之訊號接收器為倒錐體壓電材料所組成，其與混 凝土表面之接觸屬點接觸，因此混凝土表面不須作磨平處 理。敲擊回音法在混凝土結構品質檢測上之應用已有相當 成效，針對混凝土版厚度之測定已被納入1998年ASTM 之標準。值得一提的是敲擊回音法中所用之敲擊器乃是小 钢珠’其直徑介於3〜20 mm，對一般普通混*凝土而.言， 可得敲擊接觸時間（tc)約介於15至120 /is (1 /a = 1〇'6秒） 之間’所引入之應力波傳動能力，可有效檢測混凝土構件 尺寸由0.1至5 m。 近幾年有關混凝土非破壞檢測技術之研發，已普遍採 用敲擊方式製造波源，例如頗受重視之混凝土結構裂缝檢 測得以有明顯之突破發展，即為一實例。目前檢測混凝土 結構表面裂缝.深度之繞射波傳輸時間法（Time_〇f_FlightPrinted by the Central Standard Rental and Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs • 4 2 406 0 丨 丨 Month / Day Amendment / A7 V. Description of the Invention (/) [Technical Field] The present invention is to provide a method for testing the quality of concrete structures and The device 'has the induction time which can detect the occurrence time of the wave source for non-destructive detection of the concrete structure' The manufacture generates stress waves and records the occurrence time of the wave source. The application 'makes the inspection work of the concrete structure that originally needs to be equipped with dual receivers' improved into Only a single receiver is needed. Not only save costs, but also simplify the testing and signal analysis work, and greatly improve the effectiveness of concrete structure testing work to improve the level of non-destructive testing technology for civil building structures. Improve engineering quality "[Knowledge Technology and Principles] Quality Testing and Safety Inspections are indispensable to ensure the quality of civil engineering construction work and the subsequent use of safety ', and the inspection work usually requires the assistance of nondestructive testing technology. Concrete materials are currently the most used materials in civil construction projects. The development of concrete non-destructive detection technology is much slower than metal materials. The main reason is that concrete is a highly heterogeneous material and the size of the concrete structure is relatively large. Ultrasonic method is a well-known non-destructive detection method, which has a wide range of applications, including defects in metal materials, welding quality, residual stress, inspection of ships, etc., but its application to concrete materials is not ideal, the main disadvantages For: (1) Ultrasound? The high-frequency waves entering the concrete are easily scattered by the small pores in the concrete. Although low-frequency ultrasonic instruments have been introduced later, the energy generated by the voltage source to stimulate the deformation of piezoelectric materials is still insufficient, which limits the Stress wave transmission distance; (2) Probe size 3 This paper is again suitable for China's national kneading rate (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 83.3.10,000 ---------- attack ----- -tr ------ β-. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Central Bureau of Vehicles, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, 42 ^ 060 ^ Year 丨 丨 Month I ΏRevision / History Must / Final Dragon B7 V. Description of the invention (l) Too large. In order to effectively generate the excitation source and signal reception, the concrete surface must be specially treated and coated with coupling fluid, and moderate pressure should be given during the test. Aiming at the improvement of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the ultrasonic wave, the Impact-Echo Method was proposed in the mid-1980s. It introduced the stress wave into the concrete test body by the impact method. The magnitude and frequency of the stress wave can be used. Adjust the striking force and the size of the striker to control: In addition, the signal receiver used in the tap echo method is composed of an inverted cone piezoelectric material, and its contact with the concrete surface is point contact, so the concrete surface does not require For smoothing. The application of the percussion echo method to the quality inspection of concrete structures has achieved considerable results. The measurement of the thickness of concrete plates has been included in the 1998 ASTM standard. It is worth mentioning that the percussion device used in the percussion echo method is a small steel ball. Its diameter is between 3 and 20 mm, which is for ordinary ordinary mixed concrete. In other words, the percussion contact time (tc) is about Between 15 and 120 / is (1 / a = 10 seconds), the introduced stress wave transmission capacity can effectively detect the size of concrete members from 0.1 to 5 m. In recent years, the research and development of non-destructive detection technology for concrete has generally used the percussion method to manufacture wave sources. For example, the crack detection of concrete structures that has received much attention has made significant breakthroughs and developments, as an example. At present, the surface cracks of concrete structures are inspected. The depth of diffraction wave propagation time method (Time_〇f_Flight
Diffraction Technique)，即以小直徑的鋼珠91當作敲擊 源’在混凝土 92表面給予敲擊後’將產生縱波（p_波：麼 力波）、橫波（S-波：剪力波.)及雷利波（R-波：表面波）如第ία 圈所示’其中p_波及S-波會以半球狀方式向物體内部傳 動’而R-波則局限在表層以圓形方式向外擴散。波源發 4 03 (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Γ 本紙浪尺度適用中两國家標率（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公嫠） 83.3.10,000 ^H^|24060 A7 $年（I‘月1日修正/h/'杏& B7 五、發明説明（3) 生時間乃在鋼珠91接觸混凝土 92表面之瞬間，鋼珠91 與混凝土 92接觸過程中所引發之力量與時間關係曲線如 第1B圓所示，其中钇定義為敲擊之接觸時間，但由於鋼 珠91敲在混凝土 92表面屬機械性行為，其波源發生時間 無法直接獲得，因此先前技術皆在其臨近處配置兩訊號接 收器93、94 ’以間接方式求得波源之發生時間。以此種 間接方式檢測混凝土結構垂直表面裂縫深度d之原理說明 如下： 經濟部中央棵率爲員工消费合作社印裝 (請先《讀背面之注$項再填窝本頁) 在混凝土表面給予敲擊後所產生的縱波（ρ·波）及橫波 (S-波）會向物髏内部傳動（如第2A圈），由於P-波波速較 快’所以P-波之波前（Wavefront)先遇到裂縫之尖端，而S-波則跟隨在後’入射P-波在裂缝尖端處將產生繞射波（如 第2B圖）’如同在裂缝尖端處形成另一個波源，以球狀波 形方式向四面八方傳動出去（如第2C圖）；當繞射波傳回 至敲擊表面時將會產生擾動。為能記錄應力波從敲擊源出 發’經由裂缝尖端繞射再抵達裂缝另一側表面之行走時 間’故採用二個可感應物體表面垂直位移量之接收器93、 94，分別配置在裂縫之兩側’與敲擊點同側之接收器93 監測所得之位移波形’將因R-波的到達而造成一個相當 明顯之向下位移所主控，隨後的波形則是由反射波與繞射 波到達所產生之擾動所致；另外與敲擊點不同側之接收器 94監測得到之起始每動訊號，為p_波繞過裂缝尖端到達 所引起，此乃因為表面開裂裂缝阻絕或延遲R-波之到達 所致，之後所測得的位移波形則為後續反射波及繞射波到 5 本纸張尺Λ逋用中因國家揉率（CNS ) A4规格（210X297公釐） 83.3.10,000 424060 五、發明説明（斗） 達所引起·» 第3A圖為裂縫檢測試驗示意圖，第一接收器μ與敲 擊源相距H。’敲擊源及第二接收器94與裂缝之距離分別 為Hl及H2 ’當第一接收器93接收到R-波向下的位移反 應時’整個訊號監測系統將被啟動，此__ R ·波之波到時 間假設為tl (如第3B圖），而在第二接收器料記錄到之 裂縫繞射波波到時間為L (如第3C圖），從第一接收器％ 感應到R-波到達至第二接收器94感應到繞射波到達之時 間為t2-t!。 但是敲擊乃發生在第一接收器93感應到尺_波到達之 前的某一時間，故，必須再反推敲擊發生之時間，这個時 間應為R-波由缺擊源傳動至第一接收器93所需時間，亦 即是H0除於R-波的波速（CR) ’於是P-波由敲擊源至第二 接收器94所行走的總時間（At)可依下列公式計算而得： ^-----^------.ΤΓ (請先W讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁)Diffraction Technique), that is, using a small diameter steel ball 91 as the striking source 'after giving a strike on the surface of the concrete 92', longitudinal waves (p_wave: Mo Li wave), transverse waves (S-wave: Shear wave.) And Rayleigh wave (R-wave: surface wave) as shown in circle ία 'where p_wave and S-wave will be transmitted to the inside of the object in a hemispherical manner', while R-waves are limited to the surface and outward in a circular manner diffusion. Bo Yuanfa 4 03 (Please read the “Notes on the back side before filling out this page”) Γ This paper wave scale is applicable to the two national standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 cm) 83.3.10,000 ^ H ^ | 24060 A7 $ year ( I'm revised on January 1 / h / 'apricot & B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The growth time is the moment when the steel ball 91 contacts the surface of the concrete 92, and the relationship between the force and time caused by the contact between the steel ball 91 and the concrete 92 As shown in circle 1B, yttrium is defined as the contact time of the strike. However, because the steel ball 91 is a mechanical action on the surface of the concrete 92, the time of the wave source cannot be directly obtained. Therefore, the prior art has configured two signal receptions in its vicinity. The generator 93, 94 'obtains the occurrence time of the wave source in an indirect way. The principle of detecting the depth d of the crack on the vertical surface of the concrete structure in this indirect way is explained as follows: The central tree of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is printed by the employee consumer cooperative (please read the back Note: The $ item is refilled on this page) The longitudinal wave (ρ · wave) and transverse wave (S-wave) generated by the impact on the concrete surface will be transmitted to the interior of the object (such as circle 2A). Faster wave speed 'So the P-wave wavefront (Wavefront) first encounters the tip of the crack, and the S-wave follows behind it' The incident P-wave will generate a diffracted wave at the crack tip (as shown in Figure 2B) 'as in the crack Another wave source is formed at the tip, which is transmitted in all directions in a spherical wave form (as shown in Figure 2C); when the diffraction wave is transmitted back to the striking surface, disturbance will occur. To record the stress wave from the striking source ' The walking time of diffraction through the crack tip to reach the other surface of the crack 'so two receivers 93 and 94 which can sense the vertical displacement of the object surface are arranged on both sides of the crack' and the same side as the impact point The displacement waveform obtained by the monitor 93 will be dominated by a fairly obvious downward displacement caused by the arrival of the R-wave. The subsequent waveform is caused by the disturbance caused by the arrival of the reflected wave and the diffracted wave. The initial signal of each movement monitored by the receiver 94 on the different side of the tapping point is caused by the p_wave reaching the crack tip, which is caused by the surface cracking crack blocking or delaying the arrival of the R-wave. The resulting displacement waveform is Subsequent reflections and diffractions to 5 paper rulers are caused by the national kneading rate (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 83.3.10,000 424060 V. Description of the invention (bucket) reaching »» Picture 3A is Schematic diagram of the crack detection test. The first receiver μ is at a distance H from the striking source. 'The distance between the striking source and the second receiver 94 and the crack are Hl and H2 respectively.' When the first receiver 93 receives the R-wave downward Displacement response time when the entire signal monitoring system will be activated, this __R · wave arrival time is assumed to be tl (as shown in Figure 3B), and the diffraction diffraction wave arrival time recorded in the second receiver material Is L (as shown in FIG. 3C), the time from the first receiver% sensing the R-wave arrival to the second receiver 94 sensing the diffraction wave arrival is t2-t !. However, the strike occurs some time before the first receiver 93 senses the arrival of the ruler wave. Therefore, the time when the strike occurs must be reversed. This time should be the time when the R-wave is transmitted from the source of the lack of strike to the first. The time required for a receiver 93, which is the wave velocity (CR) of H0 divided by the R-wave, so the total time (At) for the P-wave to travel from the striking source to the second receiver 94 can be calculated according to the following formula And get: ^ ----- ^ ------. ΤΓ (please read the note on the back before filling this page)
At = t2 - tt +At = t2-tt +
He CB ⑴ 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印氧 -Hi2 (2) 總時間得到後，：P-波所走的總路徑則等於p-波的波速 (Cp)乘於總時間。因此，表面裂缝之深度（d)可依下列公式 計算得到：. (Cp X At)^ +Ηι2 ~ϋ2" 2xCpxAt 【習知技術之困難跸分析】 第 4A、4B、4C 圖、第 5A、5B、5C 圈及第 6A、6B、 6C圖分別為一個對已知深度為0.3公尺之裂縫檢測實例 本紙張逍用中8國家椹準（咖）从狀（210X297公兼） 83.3.1〇,〇〇〇 424060 A7 ^年丨丨月I日修正B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印*. 五、發明説明（ς·) 說明，由公式（1)及（2)得知欲檢測表面裂縫之深度。其又 可再細分成下列各階段： 第一階段（測R-波之波速CR): 為測得CR& Cp，在混凝土 92表面配置二個接收器 93 '94彼此之距離為S，並在此二接收器93、94之直線 上’距第一接收器93某距離前施予敲擊，如第4A圖所 示，若敲擊源與第一及第二接收器93、94有足夠距離時， 監測到之垂直位移波形，除了可明顯看到R-波之到達外〆 亦可在R-波到達之前，看到延著混凝土 92表面傳動而到 之P-波，因柏松比效應引起之垂直位移。第4B及4C圓 即為第一及第二接收器93、94相距（S)O.l m時分別測得 之波形，很清楚的可看到R-波到達二個接收器94之時間 分別為（TR1)-33.2及（TR2)9_8哗，因此得知R·波由第一接 收器93傳動至第二接收器94所需時間為 TR1)=43.0呷’進而可求得R-波之波速為（Cr=S/ Δ Tr )=0.1/43.0Ε-6=2325.6 m/s。 第二階段（測P-波之波速CP): 從第4B及4C圖之波形，亦可發現在r_波到達前， 已存在有P-波到達所引起之位移擾動，惟其振幅比r_波 到達引起之擾動來得小。. 若將波形前面部份作局部放大，可得第5B圖及第5C 圖之波形，此時P-波到達第一接收器93及第二接收器94 之位移反應即可明顯看到，P-波到達此第一及第二接收器 93、94之時間分別為（Τρι)·62.6及（TP2)-37.2叫’同前之 ----------^------ir------4 <請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本纸張尺度逍用令國8家揉率（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 83.3.10,000 424060 at 別年u月丨曰修正/uy彿卷B7_ -___ 五、發明説明（（） 計算可求得P-波之波速為（Cp=S/( τρ2- Τρ1)=〇·1/25·4Ε-6=)3937.0 m/s。 第三階段（定三個Η，即HQ, 1^及H2): 獲得前述之R-波及P-波之波速後，即可進行第三階 段之裂缝實地檢測，其試驗儀器配置如第6A圖所示，已 知 H。= 0.05 m、H1 = 0.15m&H2 = 0.15m’ 敲擊所得第 一及第二接收器93、94之位移波形分別如第6B圈及第6C 圖所示，第6B圈顯示第一接收器93所記錄受到R-波到/ 達所造成向下援動之初始時間(tj為-28.0 μβ;第二接收 器94乃配置在與敲擊源異側處，因此其所感應到之首達 波為經裂縫尖端繞射而到之繞射波，第6C圖所示之波形 可清楚的辨識出繞射波到達之時間（丨2)為120.0 μβ。 第四階段（代入公式（1)求At): 其次’必須由公式（1)反推敲擊發生之時間，即由已量 得之R-波波速為2325.6 m/s及公式（1)，可求出P-波經由 裂缝尖端繞射，到達第二接收器94的行走時間（At)為169.5 (IS 0 . 第五階段（代入公式（2)求深度d): 最後，再將此行走時間及已知之P-波波速為3937 m/s 代入公式（2)可算得裂縫深度為0.298 m，與已知裂縫深度 0.3 m 相差僅 0.002 m。 由前面之說明及實例介紹，可確認以敲擊方式導入波 源之繞射波傳輸時間法雖可有效且精確的測得混凝土結構 表面裂缝之深度’惟其在應用上仍有下列之缺葬： _；___；_g_____ 本纸張尺度逋用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4iH格（210X297公廣1 ---- A7 B7 424060 4年丨丨月丨曰修正/i^/ 五、發明説明（7) (請先W讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 一、 須先測出R-波再推算波源發生時間：計算較為複雜， 增加檢測上之困難度及變異性，亦使檢測工作之效能 降低及成本增高》 二、 無法一人操作：在操作上通常需要一位助手（即一共 兩人），因為一個人無法同時握持兩接故器於特定位置 又能準確的將鋼珠敲至特定點》 三、 須採用雙接收器：結構較複雜且成本較高。 【目的及功效】 本發明之主要目的，在於解決上述的檢測效能不佳問 題而提供一種混凝土結構品質檢測方法，其係可以較簡便 之方式精硪的算出裂縫深度。 本發明之次一目的’在於解決上述的檢測效能不佳問 題而提供一種混凝土結構品質檢測裝置，其檢測工作僅需 單一接收器即可完成’如此一來不僅可節省成本，更可簡 化檢測及訊號分析工作，大幅提昇檢測效能，以增進土木 建築結構非_壞檢測技術水平，提昇工程品質。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明之上述及其他目的與優點，不難從下述所選用 實施例之詳細說明與附圖中，獲得深入了解。 當然’本發明在某些另件上，或另件之安排上容許有 所不同’但所選用之實施例’則於本說明書中，予以詳細 說明，並於附圖中展示其構造。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1A圖係習知混凝土表面給予献擊後所將產生縱波（ρ· 波）、橫波（S-波）及雷利波（R·波）之示意圖 • 9 本紙浪尺度逍用t國國家揉準（CNS ) A4洗格（210X297公釐） 經濟部智恶財產局興工消費合作社印製 【圖號說明】 敲擊器10 敲擊端12 感應膜14 42·4〇6〇 α7 月1曰修正/务芯/部名 87_____ 五、發明説明（S* ) 第1Β圖係習知敲擊源之力量及時間關係曲線示意圖 第2Α、2Β及2C圖係習知混凝土表面給予敲擊後所產生的 縱波（Ρ·波）及橫波（S-波）會向物艟内部傳動之示意圖 第3 Α，3Β及3C圈係為習知裂缝檢測試驗配置及兩感知器 分別測得之波形的示意圖 第4Α, 4Β及4C圈係為習知裂缝檢測試驗實際配置及兩感 知器測縫前分別測得之波形 第5Α，5Β及5C围係為習知裂缝檢測試驗實際配置及兩感 知器測缝前分別測得且放大之波形 第6Α，6Β及6C圖係為習知裂缝檢測試驗實際配置及兩感 知器實際測缝時分別測得之波形 第7 Α圖本發明之立體示意圖 第7B及7C圖本發明敲擊器部份及輔助電路部份之示意圖 第8 A、8B及8C圖係為本發明在測缝前第一次檢測之配置 與分別測得且放大之波形 第9 A、9B及9C圖係為本發明在測縫前第二次檢測之配置 與分別測得且放大之波形 第10A，10B及10C圖係為本發明實際測缝時之配置與分別 測得之波形 第11圖係本發明之流程面 連接段11 握持端13 導電臈141 本纸張尺度逍用中國國家揉準（CNS ) M规格（21〇 x 297公釐） ----------t------IT------線 (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 424060 —翌年丨丨月、曰修正/Μ/'翁先 B7 五、發明説明（？） 膠臈142 第一電線15 第三電線16 接收器20 第二電線21 外側接收器22 外側電線23 運算裝置30 介面卡3 1 辅助電路40 電源41 電阻42 通路頬示元件43 縱波（ρ·波）p 橫波（S-波）S P-波及S-波之線射波PdP 、PdS 雷利波（R-波）R d裂缝深度 穿透時間r 接觸時間te 91麵珠 92混凝土 93第一接收器 94第二接收器 ---------裝------tr f請先閲锖背面之注意事項再填窝本 經濟部中央標牟局—工消费合作社印装 S=無裂缝時之第一及第二接收器間之距離 TR1、TR2= R-波到達第一及第二接收器之時間 Τρι、TP2= P-波到達第一及第二接收器之時間 △ TR= R-波由第一接收器傳動至第二接收器所需時間 H〇=第一接收器與敲擊源之距離 敲擊源與裂缝之距離 =R·波傳至第一接收器之時間 H2=敲擊源及第二接收器之距離 q =R·波傳至第二接收器之時間 △t =Ρ·波由敲擊源繞過裂縫至第二接收器行走的總時間 【實施例之詳細說明】 11 本紙張又度逋用中國國家橾率（CNS > Α4规格（210X297公釐） 81 3.10,000 424060 Α7 Β7 gf年丨丨月丨曰修正/吏又駕β 五、發明説明（π) 請參閱第7Α及7Β®，本發明在裝置上，主要包括： 一可導電之敲擊器10、一感應膜14、一接收器20、運算 裝置30及一輔助電路40。 (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 該可導電之敲擊器10係具有一撓性且長度約為10公 分之連接段11、一固定於該連接段11 一端之敲擊端12、 及一固定於該連接段11另端之握持端13。 該感應模14，質軟且薄，其包括一導電膜141及一 不導電之膠膜142,其係可貼在要被敲擊之特定點，該導 電膜141係連接一第三電線16,當該敲擊器10敲下而接 觸該導電膜141-時，會使該第一電線15與該一第三電線 16由斷路而成為通路〇 該接收器20 ’用以接收一 Ρ·波、一 S-波及一 R-波，並 將該等訊號透過·—1第二電線21而傳出；又，在實際裂缝檢 測前必須先做兩次測試’以便在實際裂縫檢測前，先解出 穿透時間r及Ρ-波波速CP。 經濟部中央樑準局貝工消费合作社印装 該運算裝置30(例如一筆記型個人電腦），其又包括一 類比/數位介面卡31，用來接收之由該第一電線15、第三 電線16、及該第二電線21.所傳出之訊號，藉此，該運算 裝置30可在實際裂縫檢測前先運算出穿透時間^及！>_波 波速Cp’最後實際裂縫檢測後再運算出一混凝土之裂縫 深度° 該辅助電路40’其上通_過.兩平行之第—電線Μ及第三 電線16 ’該第三電線上串接一電源4i(例如一直流電池）及 一通路顯示元件43(如燈泡或蜂鳴器’表示電源41有電）。 12 83.3.10,000 本纸張尺度逋用中國國家槺率（CNS ) Α4规格（210X297公釐） ‘ 部智慧財產局貝工消費合作社印製_ 4.24060 _Θ年II月1日修正/ 五、發明説明（I丨） 、 而該第一電線15與該第三電線16間並聯一電阻42，以便一 旦形成通路（迴路）時，電阻42兩端之電壓差訊號可以穩定 的傳入該類比/數位介面卡31中。 簡言之’本發明係提供一種具有可威測波源發生時間 之感應旗14’搭配一可導電之敲擊器1〇,該敲擊器之 敲擊端類似一鋼珠’其直徑介於3〜2〇 mm，再將第一電 線15連接上’連接至該辅助電路4〇再至該類比/數位轉 換卡31上即可’參考第7a、7B及7C圖。當該敲擊端12(釾 珠）敲擊在混凝土 92表面時，敲擊端12會下壓接觸該感 應联14’此時感應膜μ之導電層ι41與苐一電線μ及 第二電線10形成一可導電之迴路’而產生電壓訊號。但 是’由於該鼓擊端12還要艤續下壓穿過導電層ι41及該 膠膜142才會真正的接觸到混凝土 92，因此，實際之初 始接觸時間會比接收到之初始電壓信號慢一點，此時間差 被定義為穿透時間r。 當然此電壓信號會先經由該第一電線15及第三電線 16至該補助電路4〇,再連接至類比/數位轉換卡3ι，最 後傳至一運算裝置30,達封追蹤記錄鋼珠敲擊在混凝土 92 表面上之歷時反應’進而推求出波源發生時間。 請參閱第 8A、8B、8C、9A、9B、9C、l〇A、10B 及 10C圖，圖中所示者為本發明所選用之實施例之結構此 僅供說明之用，在專利申請上並不受此種結構之限制。其 可再細分為下列四階段： 第一階段61(測穿透時間τ及P-波波速cp): _—----- η 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家揉牟（CNS ) Α4规格（210Χ297公釐） ----------赛-----—ir------^ (請先聞讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本x> 424060 atΜ年li月I曰修正/IM#光 B7 五、發明説明（〇 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消費合作社印製 第8A、8B、8C圖及第9A、9B、9C蹰為利用本發明 之配置圖及所感測並記錄之混凝土 R·波（可忽略）及p波 之第一次敲擊及第二次敲擊之實例，所用試體與前述者相 同（參考第4A圖及第5A圈），由於有兩個未知的值（穿透 時間Γ及P-波波速Cp)要求出，必須在實際裂縫檢測前， 由單一接收器20做兩次不同位置之敲擊檢測，以便取得 兩组數據’並用數學上之技巧來解出這兩個值（穿透時間 r及P-波波速CP) β 如第8Α、8Β、8C国所示’此為第一次檢測，該敲擊 端12(鋼珠）舆該接收器20之距離為〇_2〇 m，第8A圖為 第一次敲擊後所記錄到之鋼珠敲擊歷時反應波形，第 圖為該接收器20所記錄到之波形。 之後’將該接收器20移至距離敲擊端12(鋼珠）〇 3m 處，如第所示’以便進行第二次敲擊檢測，第9B 圖為第二次敲擊後所記錄到之鋼珠敲擊歷時反應波形，而 第9C圖為該外測接收器22所記錄到之波形。 由第8B及8C圖可知’在第一次敲擊時，p —波到達接 收器之第一次位置之時間（TP1)為62·(Μ..0=61.0微秒。而 由第9Β及9C圖可知’ Ρ-波到達接收器之第二次位置之 時間（ΤΡ2)為 87.2-0.8=86.4ps。 以簡單之距離=波速X時間可得到：(第一次敲擊）0·2 = Cp X (61.0 -r )(第二次敲擊）0.3 = Cp χ (86_4 -τ:) 以簡單之聯立解出上述二未知的P-波的波速Cp及穿 0¾ (請先閲讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家揲準（CNS > A4规格（210X297公釐） 4240 % A7 B7 五、發明説明（丨3) 透時間r，分別為： C請先《读背面之注意事項存填寫本貫> 穿透時間r = 1 〇. 2 Ρ-波的波速Cp = 3937m/s 第二階段62(定兩個η，即心及H2): 第10A圈為採用可記錄波源發生時間之鋼珠檢測混凝 土裂缝之實例，該敲擊端（鋼珠敲在距離裂缝0.15 nKHi) 處’接收器20則配置在裂縫另一側距離裂缝ο.〗5 m(H2) 處，此時該接收器20相當於習知技術中之第二接收器 94(已省去H。及第一接收器93)。 第三階段63(直接由At = 並扣除穿透時間（2：)即 可計算出行走時間Δί) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消#合作社印製 敲擊後所記錄到之鋼珠敲擊歷時反應波形及接收器20 所記錄到之波形分別繪於第10Β及l〇C躕。已知穿透時 間r =10. 2gs。由第10Β圖之敲擊歷時反應波形可得知波 源發生時間為4.0 (tj，而經裂縫尖端之P-波繞射波到 達該接收器20之時間可由第10C圖得知為185.0 >s(t2)， 因此由 At = t2-V r =185-4· 0-10· 2 = 170. 8 可計算出 IM皮由 敲擊源經裂缝尖端繞射，到達該接收器20的實際行走時 間為.17 0.8 (is。 第四階段64(代入公式（2)求深度d): 再將此行走時間及已測得之P-波波速為393 7 m/s代 入公式（2)可算得裂縫深度為0.3001 m，非常接近實際裂 缝深度0.30m，也就是說，當此穿透時間χ·被扣除時，可 以得到真正得到接觸到混凝土表面之相始時間，進而可以 _____：_15______ 本紙張尺度適用中國困家揉準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） Α7 牟丨丨月I日修正 五、發明説明（A) 更精確的計算出裂缝深度。 故，如第11画所示，只要經由上述四階段即可達到 混凝土檢測之目的，方法簡便。 本發明之主要功效及優點為應用範圍廣及精確性高， 特別是本案實施例之關鍵點在於穿透時間r之扣除，不僅 可以應用在裂縫深度（d)之精確檢測，也可應用在混凝土 厚度檢測或類似之檢測’對於混凝土之品質檢測，有深遠 之貢獻。 其次，本發明之軟體及硬體成本均低，檢測步驟簡單 且設備成本低。其中之感應膜（如美國之3M公司產品）便 宜又取得容易，不必訂做，不僅減少一個接收器之使用、 可單人操作、且不再需要R·波波速以反推波源發生時間。 以上僅是藉由較隹實施例詳細說明本發明，對於該實 施例所做的任何簡單修改舆變化皆不脫離本發明之精神與 範圍。 由以上詳細說明，可使熟知本項技藝者明瞭本發明的 確可達成前述目的，實已符合專利法之規定，爰提出發明 — i 裝 I17! 錄 (請先閱讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 請 申 利 專 本纸張尺度適用中困國家標率（CNS > A4規格（210X297公釐〉He CB 印 Oxygen-Hi2 (2) of the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative (2) After the total time is obtained, the total path taken by the P-wave is equal to the wave velocity (Cp) of the p-wave multiplied by the total time. Therefore, the depth (d) of the surface crack can be calculated according to the following formula: (Cp X At) ^ + Ηι2 ~ ϋ2 " 2xCpxAt [Difficulties in Knowing Technology 跸 Analysis] Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B Circles, 5C, and 6A, 6B, and 6C are examples of crack detection with a known depth of 0.3 meters. The paper is used in 8 countries (210X297) and 83.3.1〇, 〇〇〇424060 A7 ^ year 丨 丨 I am revised on the first day of the month B7 printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Depth. It can be further subdivided into the following stages: The first stage (measurement of the R-wave speed CR): To measure CR & Cp, two receivers 93 '94 are placed on the surface of the concrete 92 at a distance of S, and The two receivers 93 and 94 are struck on a straight line before a certain distance from the first receiver 93. As shown in FIG. 4A, if the strike source has sufficient distance from the first and second receivers 93 and 94, At this time, in addition to the apparent displacement of the R-wave, the observed vertical displacement waveform can also be seen. Before the R-wave arrives, you can see the P-wave transmitted along the surface of the concrete 92, due to the Besson ratio effect. Caused by vertical displacement. The 4B and 4C circles are the waveforms measured when the first and second receivers 93 and 94 are (S) Ol m apart. It is clear that the time when the R-wave reaches the two receivers 94 is ( TR1) -33.2 and (TR2) 9_8, so it is known that the time required for the R · wave to be transmitted from the first receiver 93 to the second receiver 94 is TR1) = 43.0 呷 ', and the wave speed of R-wave can be obtained as (Cr = S / Δ Tr) = 0.1 / 43.0E-6 = 2325.6 m / s. The second stage (measure P-wave velocity CP): From the waveforms in Figures 4B and 4C, it can also be found that before the r_wave arrives, there is a displacement disturbance caused by the P-wave arrival, but its amplitude ratio is r_ The disturbance caused by wave arrival is small. If the front part of the waveform is partially enlarged, the waveforms in Figures 5B and 5C can be obtained. At this time, the displacement response of the P-wave reaching the first receiver 93 and the second receiver 94 can be clearly seen, P -The time when the waves reach the first and second receivers 93 and 94 are (Tρ) · 62.6 and (TP2) -37.2, respectively. -ir ------ 4 < Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The paper size is easy to use 8 knurling rate (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) 83.3.10,000 424060 at U / Y in other years 丨 Revision / uy Buddha B7_ -___ 5. Explanation of the invention (() The P-wave velocity can be calculated as (Cp = S / (τρ2- Τρ1) = 〇 · 1/25 · 4Ε -6 =) 3937.0 m / s. The third stage (determine the three chirps, namely HQ, 1 ^ and H2): After obtaining the aforementioned R-wave and P-wave wave velocities, the third-stage crack field inspection can be performed. The test instrument configuration is shown in Figure 6A. Known H. = 0.05 m, H1 = 0.15m & H2 = 0.15m '. The displacement waveforms of the first and second receivers 93 and 94 obtained by tapping are shown in Figure 6B, respectively. As shown in circle and 6C, circle 6B shows that the first receiver 93 recorded an R-wave arrival / The initial time for the downward assistance caused by the target (tj is -28.0 μβ; the second receiver 94 is configured at a different side from the source of the strike, so the first direct wave it senses is obtained by diffraction through the crack tip. For the diffraction wave, the waveform shown in Figure 6C can clearly identify that the time of arrival of the diffraction wave (2) is 120.0 μβ. The fourth stage (substituting into the formula (1) to find At): Secondly, the formula ( 1) The time when the back-thrust occurs, that is, from the measured R-wave wave velocity of 2325.6 m / s and formula (1), the P-wave diffracts through the crack tip and reaches the second receiver 94. The walking time (At) is 169.5 (IS 0. The fifth stage (substituting into the formula (2) to find the depth d): Finally, substituting this walking time and the known P-wave velocity at 3937 m / s into the formula (2) may The calculated crack depth is 0.298 m, and the difference from the known crack depth of 0.3 m is only 0.002 m. From the previous description and examples, it can be confirmed that the diffraction wave propagation time method introduced into the wave source by percussion can be effectively and accurately measured. The depth of cracks on the surface of concrete structures, but it still has the following missing in application: _; ___; _ g_____ This paper ruler逋 Use Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4iH grid (210X297 public broadcast 1 ---- A7 B7 424060 4 years 丨 丨 month 丨 amendment / i ^ / V. Description of the invention (7) (Please read the note on the back first $ (Please fill in this page again) 1. First, the R-wave must be measured before the wave source time is estimated: the calculation is more complicated, which increases the difficulty and variability in detection, and also reduces the efficiency and cost of the detection work. Operation: Generally, one assistant (ie, two persons in total) is required for operation, because one person cannot hold two relays at the same time and can accurately knock the steel ball to a specific point. 3. Three receivers must be used: Structure More complex and costly. [Objective and Effect] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problem of poor detection efficiency and provide a method for inspecting the quality of concrete structures, which can accurately calculate the crack depth in a relatively simple manner. A secondary objective of the present invention is to provide a concrete structure quality detection device that solves the above-mentioned problem of poor detection performance, and the detection work can be completed with a single receiver. This not only saves costs, but also simplifies detection and Signal analysis work, greatly improve the detection efficiency, in order to improve the level of non-bad detection technology of civil building structures, and improve the quality of the project. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the above and other objects and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood from the detailed description and accompanying drawings of the selected embodiments below. Of course, the present invention allows some differences in the arrangement or arrangement of the alternatives, but the selected embodiment is described in detail in this specification and its structure is shown in the drawings. [Schematic description] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of longitudinal waves (ρ · waves), transverse waves (S-waves), and Rayleigh waves (R · waves) that will be generated after the concrete surface is given a blow. Free use of the country's national standard (CNS) A4 wash (210X297 mm) Printed by the Industrial and Commercial Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs [Illustration of the drawing number] Percussion device 10 Percussion end 12 Induction film 14 42 · 406 〇αJuly 1st amendment / Service core / Ministry name 87_____ 5. Description of the invention (S *) Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the strength and time of the conventional percussion source. Figures 2A, 2B and 2C are given on the concrete surface. Schematic diagram of the longitudinal wave (P · wave) and transverse wave (S-wave) generated after the impact will be transmitted to the object. The 3A, 3B and 3C loops are configured for the conventional crack detection test and measured by two sensors. Schematic diagram of the waveforms. The 4A, 4B and 4C circles are the actual configuration of the conventional crack detection test and the waveforms measured before the two sensors are measured respectively. The 5A, 5B and 5C enclosures are the actual configuration of the conventional crack detection test and the two Waveforms 6A, 6B and 6C respectively measured and amplified before the seam measurement by the sensor The actual configuration of the crack detection test and the waveforms measured when the two sensors are actually measured. Figure 7A. Schematic diagram of the present invention. Figures 7B and 7C. Schematic diagram of the tapper part and auxiliary circuit part of the present invention. The pictures A, 8B and 8C are the configurations of the first detection before the seam measurement and the waveforms measured and enlarged respectively. The pictures A, 9B and 9C are the configurations of the second detection before the seam measurement. Figures 10A, 10B, and 10C of the measured and enlarged waveforms are the configurations of the actual seam measurement and the measured waveforms of the present invention, respectively. Figure 11 is the flow surface connection section 11 of the present invention. The size of this paper is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) M specification (21 × 297 mm) ---------- t ------ IT ------ line (please (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 424060 —Year of the year 丨 丨 Month / Amendment / M / 'Weng Xian B7 V. Description of the invention (?) Rubber 142 First electric wire 15 Third electric wire 16 Receiver 20 No. Two wires 21 Outer receiver 22 Outer wires 23 Computing device 30 Interface card 3 1 Auxiliary circuit 40 Power supply 41 Resistor 42 Passage display element 43 Longitudinal wave (Ρ · wave) p S-wave (S-wave) S P-wave and S-wave line radio waves PdP, PdS Rayleigh wave (R-wave) R d Crack depth penetration time r Contact time te 91 Surface beads 92 Concrete 93 the first receiver 94 the second receiver --------- install ------ tr f Please read the precautions on the back of the unit before filling in the central standard bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-Industrial Consumer Cooperatives Printed S = distance between the first and second receivers without cracks TR1, TR2 = times when the R-wave reaches the first and second receivers τρ, TP2 = P-waves reach the first and second receivers Time △ TR = R- Time required for the wave to travel from the first receiver to the second receiver H〇 = The distance between the first receiver and the impact source The distance between the impact source and the crack = R · The wave travels to the first Receiver time H2 = distance between striking source and second receiver q = R · Time of wave passing to the second receiver △ t = P · Total of the wave from the striking source bypassing the crack to the walking of the second receiver Time [Detailed description of the example] 11 This paper is again used in China's national standard (CNS > Α4 size (210X297 mm) 81 3.10,000 424060 Α7 Β7 gf year Fives DESCRIPTION invention ([pi]) and see 7Α 7Β®, in the apparatus of the present invention, including: a conductive tap 10 of a sensing membrane 14, a receiver 20, a computing device 30 and the auxiliary circuit 40. (Please read the “Precautions on the back side before filling in this page”) The conductive tapper 10 is a flexible connecting segment 11 with a length of about 10 cm, and a tapping fixed to one end of the connecting segment 11. The end 12 and a holding end 13 fixed to the other end of the connecting section 11. The induction mold 14 is soft and thin, and includes a conductive film 141 and a non-conductive adhesive film 142, which can be attached to a specific point to be struck. The conductive film 141 is connected to a third wire 16, When the tapper 10 is knocked down and contacts the conductive film 141-, the first electric wire 15 and the third electric wire 16 are disconnected to become a path. The receiver 20 'is used to receive a P · wave, An S-wave and an R-wave, and these signals are transmitted through the · -1 second wire 21; and, two tests must be performed before the actual crack detection, so as to be solved before the actual crack detection. Penetration time r and P-wave velocity CP. The calculation unit 30 (for example, a notebook personal computer) is printed on the Bencon Consumer Cooperative of the Central Liangzhun Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, which further includes an analog / digital interface card 31 for receiving the first wire 15 and the third wire 16, and the signal from the second electric wire 21. By this, the computing device 30 can calculate the penetration time before the actual crack detection ^ and! > _ Wave velocity Cp 'After calculating the actual crack, the crack depth of a concrete is calculated ° The auxiliary circuit 40' is passed through. Two parallel first-electric wires M and third electric wires 16 'on the third electric wire A power source 4i (for example, a DC battery) and a path display element 43 (such as a light bulb or a buzzer) indicate that the power source 41 has power in series. 12 83.3.10,000 This paper uses the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) 'Printed by the Shell Intellectual Property Cooperative of the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau _ 4.24060 _Amended on January 1, 2007 / V. Description of the invention ( I 丨), and a resistor 42 is connected in parallel between the first wire 15 and the third wire 16, so that once a path (loop) is formed, the voltage difference signal across the resistor 42 can be stably transmitted to the analog / digital interface card 31 in. In short, 'the present invention provides an inductive flag 14' with a time when a wave source can be detected, with a conductive tapper 10, the tapping end of the tapper is similar to a steel ball, and its diameter is between 3 ~ 20mm, then connect the first wire 15 to 'connect to the auxiliary circuit 40 and then to the analog / digital conversion card 31'. Refer to Figures 7a, 7B and 7C. When the tapping end 12 (釾 珠) hits on the surface of the concrete 92, the tapping end 12 will press down to contact the induction connection 14 ′. At this time, the conductive layer 41 of the sensing film μ and the first wire μ and the second wire 10 The formation of a conductive loop 'generates a voltage signal. However, 'because the drum end 12 has to be continuously pressed through the conductive layer 41 and the adhesive film 142 to actually contact the concrete 92, the actual initial contact time will be a bit slower than the initial voltage signal received. This time difference is defined as the penetration time r. Of course, this voltage signal will first pass through the first wire 15 and the third wire 16 to the auxiliary circuit 40, and then be connected to the analog / digital conversion card 3m, and finally transmitted to an arithmetic device 30, and the track record of the ball hitting the ball is recorded. The diachronic response on the surface of concrete 92 'further infers the time of wave source generation. Please refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B, 9C, 10A, 10B, and 10C. The figure shows the structure of the selected embodiment of the present invention. This is for illustration purposes only. For patent applications It is not limited by this structure. It can be further subdivided into the following four stages: The first stage 61 (measures the penetration time τ and the P-wave velocity cp): _——----- η This paper is based on the China National Rubbing (CNS) Α4 specification ( 210 × 297 mm) ---------- sai --------- ir ------ ^ (please read the note on the back first and then fill out this x > 424060 atΜ 年月 月 I Amendment / IM # 光 B7 V. Description of the invention (0) Figures 8A, 8B, and 8C and 9A, 9B, and 9C printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Recorded examples of the first and second strokes of concrete R · wave (negligible) and p wave. The test specimens used are the same as those described above (refer to Figure 4A and Circle 5A). Unknown values (penetration time Γ and P-wave velocity Cp) are required. Before actual crack detection, a single receiver 20 must be used to perform two knock detections at different positions in order to obtain two sets of data. Skills to solve these two values (penetration time r and P-wave velocity CP) β as shown in countries 8A, 8B, 8C 'This is the first detection, the tap end 12 (steel ball) should receive Device 2 The distance of 0 is 0 ~ 20m. Figure 8A is the response waveform of the steel ball strike recorded after the first tap, and the figure is the waveform recorded by the receiver 20. After that, the receiver 20 moves to the distance of 12 (steel balls) from the tapping end 03m, as shown in the 'for the second tap detection, Figure 9B is the response waveform of the ball strike duration recorded after the second tap, Figure 9C is the waveform recorded by the external test receiver 22. From Figures 8B and 8C, it can be seen that 'the time when p-wave reaches the first position of the receiver (TP1) at the first tap is 62 · (Μ..0 = 61.0 microseconds. As shown in Figures 9B and 9C, the time when the P-wave reaches the second position of the receiver (TP2) is 87.2-0.8 = 86.4ps. With a simple distance = Wave speed X time can be obtained: (first strike) 0 · 2 = Cp X (61.0 -r) (second strike) 0.3 = Cp χ (86_4 -τ :) solve the above two with a simple simultaneous Unknown P-wave velocity Cp and penetration 0¾ (Please read the note on the back before filling this page) This paper size is in accordance with the Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 size (210X297mm) 4240% A7 B7 5 Explanation of the invention (丨 3) Penetration time r, respectively: C Please read the notes on the back and fill in the original text> Penetration time r = 1 0.2 The wave velocity of the P-wave Cp = 3937m / s The second stage 62 (set two η, ie, heart and H2): Circle 10A is an example of detecting concrete cracks using steel balls that can record the time when the wave source occurred. It is arranged at a distance of 5 m (H2) from the crack on the other side of the crack. At this time, the receiver 20 is equivalent to the second receiver 94 in the conventional technology (H has been omitted. And the first receiver 93). The third stage 63 (walking time can be calculated directly from At = and deducting the penetration time (2 :)) Staff of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ## And the waveforms recorded by the receiver 20 are plotted at 10B and 10C 蹰, respectively. Known penetration time r = 10.2gs. From the response waveform of the tapping duration in Fig. 10B, it can be known that the wave source generation time is 4.0 (tj, and the time when the P-wave diffraction wave passing through the crack tip reaches the receiver 20 can be known from Fig. 10C as 185.0 > s (t2), so from At = t2-V r = 185-4 · 0-10 · 2 = 170. 8 the actual walking time of the IM skin diffracted by the tapping source through the crack tip to reach the receiver 20 can be calculated It is .17 0.8 (is. The fourth stage 64 (substituting into the formula (2) to find the depth d): the walking time and the measured P-wave velocity is 393 7 m / s and substituting into the formula (2) can calculate the crack. The depth is 0.3001 m, which is very close to the actual crack depth of 0.30 m. That is to say, when this penetration time χ · is subtracted, the time when the phase actually touched the concrete surface can be obtained, and then _____: _15______ This paper scale Applicable to Chinese families (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 Mou 丨 丨 Revised on May I. Invention description (A) The crack depth can be calculated more accurately. Therefore, as shown in picture 11, as long as the above four The purpose of concrete detection can be achieved in stages, and the method is simple. The point is a wide range of applications and high accuracy. In particular, the key point of the embodiment of this case is the deduction of the penetration time r. It can be used not only for accurate detection of crack depth (d), but also for concrete thickness detection or similar detection. 'It has a profound contribution to the quality inspection of concrete. Secondly, the software and hardware costs of the invention are low, the detection steps are simple, and the equipment cost is low. Among them, the induction film (such as the product of the 3M company in the United States) is cheap and easy to obtain. It does not need to be customized, it not only reduces the use of a receiver, it can be operated by one person, and it no longer needs the R · wave speed to reverse the wave source generation time. The above is only a detailed description of the present invention through a comparative example. For this embodiment, Any simple modifications and changes made will not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. From the above detailed description, those skilled in the art can understand that the present invention can indeed achieve the aforementioned purpose, and indeed meets the provisions of the Patent Law, and proposes the invention. — I install I17! Record (please read the note $ on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Shenli special paper size is applicable to the standard rate of CNS > A4 (210X297mm>