經濟部智慧財產局Κ工消費合作社印製 416068 at B7五、發明説明（1 ) [發明領域] 本發明關於殼式電壓器/電抗器，包含至少一電線繞 組，被可磁化材料殻所包圍，以及，用以生產此變壓器/ 電抗器之方法 L發明背景〕 變壓器已經涉及至所有電能之輸配電中，其目的是完 成於兩或多系統間之電能交換。變壓器係可作用於v A範 圍最高至1 0 Ο Ο Μ V A之範圍。用以升壓至今日所用之 最卨輸送電壓之變壓器有一種頻譜在。 本發明之變壓器係有關於所謂之殻式電力變壓器，其 額定作用由幾百K V A至大於1 0 0 Ο Μ V A，額定電壓 由約3 — 4 k V至約8 0 0 k V之輸送電壓。 於一般螺旋變壓器中，繞組係繞於鐵心之旁。然而， 若於製作一大型螺旋變壓器時，繞組之每一圈須通過於鐡 心中間之狹窄空間時，則會有困難發生。對於殻式變壓器 這問題並不存在。 殼式變壓器係例如由德國專利D E 4 0 4 1 0所得知 些先前已知變壓器包含被一鐵心所繞之銅線繞組，鐵 心係由鐵線，鐵帶或鐵片所形成。 本發明之Π的是提供-殻式變壓器，用於以上作用及 電壓額定，其係容易生產，以及，相關殻式之電抗器。本 發明之另一 Η的是提議生產此一變壓器/電抗器之方法。 Μ些R的係以申請專利範圍第1項所述之特徵之介紹 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） -4 - —----------^--_-----1Τ------^ . /ί. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局®工消费合作社印製 416068 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 部中所述之殻式變壓器/電抗器加以完成及以申請專利範 圍第2 6項所述之特徵之方法加以完成。 因爲電氣繞組包含一高壓電纜，其係大致安排以實質 包園由繞組中之電流所產生之電場，所以殼式變壓器/電 抗器之生產係更屬《易因爲殼可以被加以設計而不必考慮 个 "51 - 用於本發明之電纜係彈性及如於W 0 9 7 / 4 5 9 1 9及W 0 9 7 / 4 5 8 4 7中所細述之種類。有關之電纜 之其他說明可以於W 0 9 7 / 4 5 9 1 8，W 0 9 7 / 4 5 9 3 0 ' W 0 9 7 / 4 5 9 3 1 號中找到。 因此，依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之繞組係較佳地 相當於具有固態 > 抽出絕緣類型之電纜，如同今曰用於電 力配電，例如具E P R絕緣之電纜或X L P E —電纜。此 電纜包含由-或多股作成之內導線，一包圍該導線之內半 導體層包圍此內半導體層之固體絕緣層，及包圍該絕 緣Μ之最外半導體層。此電纜係彈怍，其係於本文中重要 的特性，内α本發明之技術係主要基於繞組系統，其中繞 組係由電纜形成，該電纜於組合時被彎曲。-· X L Ρ Ε電 纜之彈性大致梠關於兵有3 0 m m直徑之電纜約2 0公分 之！ II]率半徑，及具有8 0 m m直徑之電績約6 5公分之曲 率半徑。於本發明中，名詞"彈性〃係用以表示繞組係彈 性下至四倍於電纜直徑之曲率半徑，較佳地8至1 2倍之 電纜直徑。 繞組應被構建成保持其特性，即使當操作時’其被彎 I---------f-------t------邊 ./IV .(. (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4规格（210x297公釐） ^ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 416068_ 37 _ 五、發明説明（3 ) 曲及當其受到熱或機械應用。於本文中諸層間保有黏著力 係费要的。諸層之材料特性係具決定性的，特別是其彈性 及ffl對熱膨脹係數。例如，於X L P E電纜中’絕緣屑包 含交聯，低密度聚乙稀，及半導體屑包泠有煤灰及金屬 粒广混於其間之聚乙稀。由於溫度上下變動造成之體楨變 化係完全地由電纜之屮徑之改變所吸收1由於諸層之熱膨 脹係數相對於Μ*材料彈性間之相對微小差異，徑向膨脹 可以發生而不會損及於屑間之附著力 上述材料之組合應只被認爲是例子而巳。其他特定之 塡塞條件及半導體導電狀態，即Μ有於1 0 1 - 1 0 6歐 姆-公分範圍內，例如1 一 5 0 0歐姆一公分，或1 0 — 2 0 0歐姆-公分Θ然地係落入於本發明之範圍中。 例如絕緣曆可以包含固態熱塑形材料，例如低密度聚 乙稀（L D Ρ Ε )，高密度聚乙稀（H D Ρ Ε )，聚丙稀 (Ρ Ρ )，聚丁稀（Ρ Β )，聚甲基戊稀（Τ Ρ X )，交 聯材料，例如交聯聚乙稀（X L Ρ Ε )，或例如乙稀丙稀 橡膠（E P R )或矽膠之橡膠。 內及外半導體層可以是相同基材，但具有導體材料， 例如煤灰或金屬粉未混合於其中之。 Μ些材料之機械特性，特別是熱膨脹係數係相對小地 作動，不管是煤灰或是金屬粉末混入其中否-至少需要用 以，完成本發明所需之導電性之比例。絕緣層及半導體層因 此貝:有大致相同之熱膨脹係數。乙稀一乙酸乙稀脂共聚物 /橡膠（_ Ε V A / N B R ) ’ Γ基接枝聚乙稀，乙稀丙稀 ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準ϋ ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐) ~7r --^Printed at 416068 at B7 by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention (1) [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a shell voltage / reactor, which includes at least one wire winding and is surrounded by a shell of a magnetizable material. And, Method L for producing this transformer / reactor Background of the invention] Transformers have been involved in the transmission and distribution of all electrical energy, the purpose of which is to complete the exchange of electrical energy between two or more systems. Transformer systems can operate in the range of v A up to 100 μM V A. There is a spectrum of transformers used to boost the highest transmission voltages used today. The transformer of the present invention relates to a so-called shell-type power transformer, which has a rated function of several hundred K V A to more than 100 MV A, and a rated voltage of about 3-4 kV to about 800 kV. In a general spiral transformer, the winding is wound around the core. However, when manufacturing a large spiral transformer, difficulties will occur if each turn of the winding has to pass through a narrow space in the center of the core. For shell transformers this problem does not exist. Shell-type transformers are known, for example, from the German patent DE 4 0 4 1 0. Some previously known transformers include copper wire windings wound by an iron core, which is formed of iron wires, strips or sheets. The present invention provides a shell-type transformer for the above functions and voltage ratings, which is easy to produce and related shell-type reactors. Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing such a transformer / reactor. The descriptions of these Rs are based on the features described in item 1 of the scope of patent application. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) -4-—--------- -^ --_----- 1Τ ------ ^. / Ί. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs® Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives 416068 A7 B7 5 2. The shell-type transformer / reactor described in part (2) of the invention is completed and the method described in item 26 of the scope of patent application is completed. Because the electrical winding contains a high-voltage cable, which is roughly arranged to substantially cover the electric field generated by the current in the winding, the production system of the shell transformer / reactor is even more "easy because the shell can be designed without having to consider a " 51-The cables used in the present invention are flexible and of the kind as detailed in W 0 9 7/4 5 9 1 9 and W 0 9 7/4 5 8 4 7. Other explanations about the cables can be found in W 0 9 7/4 5 9 1 8, W 0 9 7/4 5 9 3 0 'W 0 9 7/4 5 9 3 1. Therefore, the winding system of the transformer / reactor according to the present invention is preferably equivalent to a cable having a solid-state > withdrawn insulation type, as it is used for power distribution today, such as an E P R insulated cable or an X L P E-cable. The cable includes an inner conductor made of-or a plurality of strands, a solid insulating layer surrounding the inner semiconductor layer surrounding the conductor, a solid insulating layer surrounding the inner semiconductor layer, and an outermost semiconductor layer surrounding the insulation M. This cable is an impeachment, which is an important characteristic in this article. The technology of the present invention is mainly based on a winding system, where the winding is formed by a cable, which is bent when assembled. -· The elasticity of X L Ρ Ε cable is about 20 cm about 30 cm diameter cable! II] radius of curvature, and a radius of curvature of about 65 cm with an electrical diameter of 80 mm. In the present invention, the term " elasticity " is used to indicate a radius of curvature of the winding system to four times the cable diameter, preferably 8 to 12 times the cable diameter. The winding should be constructed to maintain its characteristics, even when operating 'it is bent I --------- f ------- t ------ edge ./IV. (. ( Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x297 mm) ^ Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 416068_ 37 _ V. Description of the invention (3 ) When it is subjected to thermal or mechanical applications. It is necessary to maintain the adhesion between the layers in this article. The material characteristics of the layers are decisive, especially their elasticity and the coefficient of thermal expansion of ffl. For example, in XLPE cables 'Insulation shavings include cross-linking, low-density polyethylene, and semiconductor shavings. There are polyethylene ash and metal particles widely mixed in between. The physical changes caused by temperature fluctuations are completely caused by the diameter of the cable Due to the relatively small differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the layers relative to the elasticity of the M * materials, radial expansion can occur without compromising the adhesion between the chips. The combination of the above materials should only be considered as examples And 巳. Other specific congestion conditions and semiconductor conduction state That is, M is in the range of 101-106 ohm-cm, for example, 1-500 ohm-cm, or 10-200 ohm-cm Θ naturally falls within the scope of the present invention. For example, the insulation calendar may include solid thermoplastic materials, such as low density polyethylene (LD PP), high density polyethylene (HD PP), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PP), polymer Methylpentene (TPX), cross-linked material, such as cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), or rubber such as ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) or silicone rubber. The inner and outer semiconductor layers may be the same base Materials, but with conductive materials, such as coal ash or metal powder, which are not mixed. The mechanical properties of these materials, especially the thermal expansion coefficient, are relatively small, whether coal ash or metal powder is mixed into it-at least required The ratio of conductivity required to complete the present invention. Therefore, the insulating layer and the semiconductor layer have approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer / Rubber (_E VA / NBR) 'Γ group Grafted polyethylene, ethylene propylene ^ Paper size applies to Chinese national standards ϋ) Λ4 size (210X297mm) ~ 7r-^
——-—n I 1.1 1 I Ϊ ~ I ^ I I n ! L yfj {請先閱讀背面之注意事项再填寫本頁J A7 416068 ________一- 五、發明説明（4 ) 酸T脂共聚物（E B A )及乙稀丙稀酸乙脂共聚物（ E E A )可以構成用於半導體層之合適共聚物。 即使當不R類型材料被用作爲於各種層之基材時’ # 人想要熱膨脹係數能於大小上大致相同。這就是當匕列相 料組合時= 上列之材料具哲相當良好之彈性’具有E < 5 0 〇 Μ P a之E係數，較佳< 2 Ο Ο Μ P a ^該彈性是足夠使 於層中之材料之熱膨脹係數間之微小差異被吸收於彈性之 徑向中，使得裂縫或其他損壞不會發生，及使得層問不會 彼此脫離。於諸層中之材料是彈性的’及於諸層間之附著 力係至少相同於材料最弱之大小。 兩半導體層之導率是足以大致等化沿著每一層之電位 。外半導體層之導電率係足夠地高以包圍電場於該電纜中 ，但足夠地低，而不會由於層之長度方向所感應之電流造 成®大之担失。 因此，每 '半導體屑大致構成等電位表面，以及，這 些將大致包圍於其間之電場。 當然，其中並沒有物體用以阻止一或多數其他半導體 層被安排於絕緣層中。 :發叨槪要〕 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之一較佳實施例，變壓 器/電抗器係龉由環繞該殻以可磁化材料帶加以生產，該 材料被覆蓋以膠或膏1藉以可以取得-機械性穏定殻及-- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標牟（CNS ) A4規格（2!0X297公釐） 一請先閱讀背*之注意事項存填寫本f ) 装· 、11 經濟部智慧財產局g;工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財/I局員工涓費合作社印製 々6066 α7 Β7 五、發明説明（5 ) 容易堅固變壓器或電抗器結構。於本申請案所名詞w膠" 或 ''膏〃係用以、黏著〃覆蓋層，保持重疊幾圈之繞組。 覆蓋可以是由聚合物材料作成，其保持黏著-致性’即例 如-般膠帶，或較佳由以某些方法固化之一材料，例如藉 -由加熱，而取得一更堅固結構。殻之生產將藉由事先覆蓋 一具膠或膂之帶之表面之-而完成。再者，用於鐡心之繞 組帶並不需要爲連續，因爲磁通量可以通過-氣隙或膠隙 ‘因此’有可能繞著該殼，[2到討論中之帶捲之末端’及 隨後持續繞著該下--線圈，而不必花太多努力以使得自由 帶端彼此相互接觸-相當薄帶同時容易彎曲’若有必要 的話’折疊以用於殻生產。 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之較侘實施例’膠或膏 包含-磁化塡劑，例如鐵粉或磁粉。鐵心之磁阻可以因此 降低。 依據本發明變壓器/電抗器之較佳實施例’繞組中之 絕緣導線之第二肀導體層係被安排以形成大致一等電位表 _丨雨繞該導體，及第1半導體層可以連接至一預定電位’ 接地電位係合適的。這是重要的優點，因爲’例如於電力 變壓器中之金屬元件一般具有一組接地電位。 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之較佳實施例’變壓器 /電抗器之至少兩相鄰層之繞組見有大致相同之熱膨脹係 數及於繞組屮之道三Μ巳絕緣導線均與沿著彼此相對之整 倘表而之相鄰層接觸。不冋層之ϋ絕緣導線彼此接觸，當 電纜被彎曲時，而造成當生產繞組時之破裂被避免。由熱 I.----------^-------1Τ------.戒 /IK /ti (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本f} 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2!0X297公釐} -8- A7 B7 *16068 五、發明説明（6 ) 膨賬所造之破裂冋時也被避免。 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之另一實施例，繞組係 被-支持結構所包圍=支持結構作爲支持-.於殻之繞組之 開始處之帶部。 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之另一實施例，支持結 構及殻係爲環形。以此方式取得之變壓器/反應器μ有接 近完美之對稱性，而造成於實用上沒有磁通洩漏。此一實 施例因此係特別適用於任何干擾應被避免或想要使人不受 電磁場之環境中。 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之另一實施例，兩相鄰 開π係形成穿過該殻，用以供給或去除冷卻介質，以及， - _用於繞組電纜壁通過之穿孔分割部被安排於大致越過於 殻內之繞組空間之開口間。—種用以供給冷卻介質之容易 實施例因而能完成，並避免了冷卻介質流動於殼内之 '、最 短距離"中，由入口至爲分割壁所安排之出口開口。冷卻 介苡不是被強迫人致通過於殻中之完全繞組空間，而完成 •有效冷卻。 依據本發明之方法之一較佳實施例，插銷或方塊係被 安排於貫穿被形成於殻之繞組之殼之方向中，於這些位置 ，這些位置中係想要有穿過殻之開口，用以電氣通過連接 及冷卻管，於其上磁化材料帶係被繞於插銷或方塊之側面 ，及插銷或方塊被隨後去除由插銷或方塊所形成之開口 將會保留。因此，於此方式可能取得想要形狀之開口，於 想耍之穿過殻之位置處。 I---------f------ΐτ------Λ, /i. /\ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財A局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4現格（210X297公釐） -9- 416068 Α7 —_ Β7 五、發明説明（7 ) 依據本發明之方法之另一較佳實施例，變壓器之初級 及 < 級繞fpM係被彼此混合繞在一起。而可以完成在殼内之 磁場將爲最小之優點，而得到低寄生電感^ 依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之較佳實施例將以參考 附圖方式加以描述，以更詳細解釋本發明。於圖中： 笫1 &丨爲依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之繞組之絕緣 導線或電纜之剖面圖， 第2圖示出依據本發明之環形變壓器/電抗器，由上 看及環形之剖面看，以例示殻之生產， 第3圖示出於第2圖中之環形殻變壓器/電抗器之Μ 一實例，其中殻中有開U貫穿，用以電氣連接及供給及去 除冷卻介質，及 第4圓爲第3 _之變壓器/電抗器之另-實施例之剖 面圖。 ----------装— /1· (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) II 丁 -a 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 兀件對照表 2 4 6 8 10 I L 12 支撐結構 電氣繞組 帶 帶輥子 膠 電纜 殼 半導體層 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -10- A7 ----- B7 五、 發明説明（8 8 0 7 開口 開Γ+J 開u 開口 分_壁 股線 絕緣層 〔較佳實施例之詳細說明〕 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 依據本發明之殻式變壓器/電抗器之繞組包含—高壓 m纜或絕緣導線，其係適用以包含其本身中之.電場。第工 Μ例示此-·電纜1 i之剖面例子，該電纜包含若干例如銅 製之具圓剖面之股線3 5。這些股線3 5係被提供·於電纜 1 1之中間。第一半導體層1 3係安排包阄這些股線3 5 +---_·例如X L ·Ρ E絕緣之絕緣屑3 7係被安排包圍第.-半 導體層1 3。第二半導體層1 5係包圍絕緣層3 7。絕緣 導線14有於2 ◦ — 2 5 0 m m之直徑及於8 0 - 3 0 0 ◦ 111 m 2之導體面積1; .所例示之絶緣導線係具彈性及此特性是於導線之整個 生命週期中均加以保持。當電纜被彎曲時，不同層係彼此 接觸，以及，至少兩相鄰W J4有大致相N之熱膨脹係數， 以避免當電纜受到熱膨脹時，層間產生破裂。 第2圖示出依據本發明之環形變壓器/電抗器。繞組 或諸繞組4係被安排於例如塑膠材料之絕緣材料之環形管 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -11 - 4ΐ6〇β8 Λ7 4ΐ6〇β8 Λ7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 —-i- 五、發明説明（9 ) 之/3 ΰ於變壓器中，初級及次級繞紺可以混合’來〖丨繞 組之藉，以可以有效地降低或彼此抵里。 管2係爲阳於帶6之支持件，帶6用於殼之生產u該 支持件架構並不爵要爲-.·管狀，也可以是其他形式’例如 ..柵狀。 變壓器/電抗器之殼係被可磁化材料帶6所纏繞。帶 6被覆蓋或浸以一膠或膏，例如一可固化樹脂於至少其一 側上，因而取得一自黏帶β藉以，相鄰繞組圈轉可以被黏 著在…起，而得到一機械性強及穩定殼。此一黏著圈轉是 必耍的，特別是大型變壓器/電抗器之生產中。 用於轉於殻上之帶並不需要於整個長度均爲環狀的’ 因爲磁通可以通過空氣或膠質間隙。因此，殼可以被由帶 輥子8所纏繞，纏繞持續進行，直到輥子8完成，隨後繞 組由一新輥子繼續，而不必兩自甶帶端之穩固接合。殻之 生產係以此方式容易化。 膠或膏1 0包含可磁化塡劑，例如鐵粉或磁粉’以降 低殻之磁阻= 帶6係較佳由薄鐵帶作成，鐵帶於殻生產時’係容易 彎曲及折疊。 _ 開ΓΙ可以容易提供貫穿殻1 2，用以電氣連接並供給 及去除冷卻介質於本發明之變壓器/堪抗器中u藉由安排 -·想要形狀於變壓器/電抗器之中間，一相關殻可以藉由 繞入此結構中而形成。例如木質之方塊或插銷係適當地安 排於貫穿殻之方向’以形成於開口貫穿殼之位置’於殼上 ------------^------^------^ di. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公董） -12- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 416068 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（10 ) ，帶係繞於插銷或方塊之一側’插銷或方塊隨後被移開’ 使得有自由開口 13電線繞組或諸繞組u丨以事先被安排於中 +9,V U構內，或者中空結構π1"以被形成，使得遺如組或R菩繞 組之電纜可以被捲動於上述開门中’至結構中之空間。 第3圖例示於變壓器/電抗器之上側之開口 1 4及於 變壓器/電沆器之下側開Π 1 6。 四個電氣贯穿連接係需要，用以貫穿最簡犁之具有一 初級及一次級繞組之電壓器例子之殻’及需要兩電氣貫穿 迚接以貫穿具有一繞組之電抗器。冷卻介質可以由開ρ 1 4及1 6供給或去除，如於第3及4圖之箭頭所示。冷 卻介質可以是空氣，液體或例如氮或二氧化碳液體之低溫 液體。管可以是安排於繞組4之絕緣導體或與之平行’作 β冷卻，冷介質係被流動過Η些管。冷卻介質可以是丨’彳由 流動於殻內之繞組空間中。 另-實施例係示於第4圖中呈平行於示於第2圖之環 狀變壓器/電抗器之平面之剖面，具有兩相鄰開口 1 8 ’ 2 0，經過殼1 2 1用以供給或去除冷卻介質。一分隔壁 2 2係安排越過於兩開口 1 8，2 0間之繞組空間，以避 免冷卻介質流動由入口 1 8至出口 2 0之最短路徑，而使 冷卻介質路徑被抄短路。冷卻介質係以此方式被強迫由入 「丨]8繞繞組空間於到達出u 2 0前流動一圈。而取得一 苻效冷卻+:分隔壁2 2係被穿孔，以允許繞組或繞紺4之 電纜之通道。 第2 - 4_例示環形變壓器/電抗器。由於其完美對 -------^-----^-------訂------^ J /|\ /i (讀先閱讀背®之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X297公釐） -13- 416068 A7 B7 五、發明说明（11 ) 稱，而貫際上不會產生洩電場。因此，這些實施例係特別 適用於想要避免+擾或想要避免人受到電磁場之場所。 明顯地’依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器可以具有任何 形狀，例如·正方形’然而，道會造成少量洩漏磁通3 上述依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器之實施例爲單相實 施例然池’依據本發明之變壓器/電抗器可以容易被安 排成形成多相變壓器/電抗器。例如，多數變壓器/電抗 器可以被安排呈共軸。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家操準（CNS〉A4規格（210X2W公釐） -14 -——-— n I 1.1 1 I Ϊ ~ I ^ II n! L yfj {Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page J A7 416068 ________ 一-5. Description of the invention (4) Acid T lipid copolymer ( EBA) and ethylene acrylate copolymer (EEA) can constitute a suitable copolymer for the semiconductor layer. Even when R-type materials are not used as substrates for various layers, one wants the thermal expansion coefficients to be approximately the same in size. This is when the combination of daggers is equal to the material listed above has a very good elasticity 'with an E coefficient of E < 50 OM P a, preferably < 2 〇 Ο Μ P a ^ the elasticity is sufficient The slight difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials in the layer is absorbed in the radial direction of elasticity, so that cracks or other damage will not occur, and the layers will not be separated from each other. The material in the layers is elastic 'and the adhesion between the layers is at least the same as the weakest material. The conductivity of the two semiconductor layers is sufficient to roughly equalize the potential along each layer. The conductivity of the outer semiconductor layer is high enough to surround the electric field in the cable, but low enough to not cause a large loss due to the current induced in the length direction of the layer. Therefore, each semiconductor chip roughly constitutes an equipotential surface, and these electric fields will be substantially surrounded by them. Of course, there is no object to prevent one or most other semiconductor layers from being arranged in the insulating layer. : Hairpin] According to a preferred embodiment of the transformer / reactor of the present invention, the transformer / reactor system is produced by surrounding the case with a strip of magnetizable material, which is covered with glue or paste 1 so that Obtained-Mechanical fixed shell and --- This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (2! 0X297 mm) First, please read the notes on the back * fill in this f). Intellectual Property Bureau g; printed by the Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives; printed by the Ministry of Economics and Wisdom / I Bureau employees; co-printed by the cooperatives; 6066 α7 B7 5. Invention Description (5) It is easy to strengthen the structure of the transformer or reactor. In the present application, the term “w glue” or “paste” is used to adhere to the coating and keep the windings overlapping for several turns. The covering may be made of a polymer material that maintains adhesion-e.g., E.g., an adhesive tape, or preferably a material that is cured in some way, such as by heating to obtain a stronger structure. The production of the shell will be done by covering the surface of a tape with glue or tape in advance. Furthermore, the winding strip used for the core does not need to be continuous, because the magnetic flux can pass through the -air gap or glue gap 'so' it is possible to go around the shell, [2 to the end of the tape coil in question 'and then continue Around this down-coil without having to spend too much effort to make the free band ends contact each other-quite thin bands are also easily bent while being 'folded' for shell production. A comparative example of a transformer / reactor according to the present invention 'glue or paste contains-a magnetized elixir, such as iron powder or magnetic powder. The magnetic resistance of the core can be reduced as a result. According to the preferred embodiment of the transformer / reactor according to the present invention, the second conductor layer of the insulated wire in the winding is arranged to form an approximately equipotential meter. The conductor can be wound around the first semiconductor layer, and the first semiconductor layer can be connected to a The predetermined potential 'ground potential is suitable. This is an important advantage because metal components such as those used in power transformers typically have a set of ground potentials. A preferred embodiment of the transformer / reactor according to the present invention 'the windings of at least two adjacent layers of the transformer / reactor have approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion and the three conductors in the windings of the winding are opposite to each other The whole if the adjacent layers contact each other. Non-layered insulated wires are in contact with each other, and when the cable is bent, cracks caused when the winding is produced are avoided. By heat I .---------- ^ ------- 1Τ ------. Jie / IK / ti (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this f) This paper The scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2! 0X297 mm) -8- A7 B7 * 16068 V. Description of the invention (6) The breakage caused by the expansion account is also avoided. The transformer / reactance according to the present invention In another embodiment of the present invention, the winding system is surrounded by a -supporting structure = the supporting structure is used as a support-. The belt portion at the beginning of the winding of the shell. The shell is ring-shaped. The transformer / reactor μ obtained in this way has nearly perfect symmetry, resulting in practically no magnetic flux leakage. This embodiment is therefore particularly suitable for any interference that should be avoided or intended to be used People are not exposed to the electromagnetic field. According to another embodiment of the transformer / reactor according to the present invention, two adjacent open π systems are formed through the shell for supplying or removing cooling medium, and,-_ for winding cables The perforated dividing part through which the wall passes is arranged between the openings which substantially cross the winding space inside the case.—Special purpose The easy embodiment of supplying the cooling medium can thus be completed, and the 'shortest distance' of the cooling medium flowing in the shell is avoided, from the inlet to the opening arranged for the partition wall. The cooling medium is not forced by people Effective cooling is achieved through the complete winding space in the shell. According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the pins or blocks are arranged in the direction of the shell penetrating the winding formed in the shell at these positions In these positions, it is desired to have openings through the shell for electrically passing through the connection and cooling pipes, on which the strip of magnetized material is wound around the side of the pin or block, and the pin or block is subsequently removed by the pin or block. The formed opening will be retained. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the desired shape of the opening in this way, at the position where you want to play through the shell. I --------- f ------ ΐτ ------ Λ, / i. / \ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed on the paper standard of China National Standards (CNS) A4, printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperatives of the Bureau of Intellectual Property A, Ministry of Economic Affairs (210X297 mm) -9- 416068 Α7 —_ 7. V. Description of the invention (7) According to another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the primary and < stage winding fpM systems of the transformer are mixed and wound with each other, and the magnetic field that can be completed in the shell will be the smallest Advantages and low parasitic inductance ^ The preferred embodiment of the transformer / reactor according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings to explain the present invention in more detail. In the figure: 图 中 1 & 丨 according to the present invention Sectional view of the insulated wire or cable of the windings of a transformer / reactor. Figure 2 shows a toroidal transformer / reactor according to the present invention, viewed from above and toroidal cross-section, to exemplify the production of the shell, the third diagram As an example of the M of the toroidal shell transformer / reactor in Figure 2, there is an open U through in the shell for electrical connection and supply and removal of the cooling medium, and the fourth circle is the third transformer and reactor The other is a sectional view of the embodiment. ---------- Equipment — / 1 · (Please read the precautions on the reverse side before filling out this page) II D-a Printed comparison table of the printed parts of the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 2 4 6 8 10 IL 12 Supporting structure Electrical winding with roller rubber cable shell semiconductor layer The paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -10- A7 ----- B7 V. Description of the invention (8 8 0 7 Opening Γ + J Open u Opening _ wall strand insulation [Detailed description of the preferred embodiment] Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the winding of the shell transformer / reactor according to the present invention contains -High-voltage m cable or insulated wire, which is suitable to include its own electric field. Section M illustrates this-a cross-section example of a cable 1 i, which includes a number of copper strands 35 with a circular cross-section, such as copper. These strands 3 5 are provided in the middle of the cable 1 1. The first semiconductor layer 1 3 is arranged to cover these strands 3 5 + -----such as XL · PE insulated insulation chips 3 7 is Arrange to surround the first-semiconductor layer 1 3. The second semiconductor layer 1 5 surrounds the insulating layer 37. Insulated wires 14 has a diameter of 2 ◦ — 2 50 mm and a conductor area of 1 0-3 0 0 ◦ 111 m 2; the exemplified insulated conductor is flexible and this characteristic is uniform throughout the life of the conductor Keep it. When the cable is bent, different layers are in contact with each other, and at least two adjacent W J4 have a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately N to avoid cracks between the layers when the cable is subjected to thermal expansion. Invented toroidal transformer / reactor. The windings or windings 4 are arranged in toroidal tubes of insulating materials such as plastic materials. The paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -11-4-116〇β8 Λ7 4ΐ6〇β8 Λ7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-i- V. Description of Invention (9) / 3 ΰ In the transformer, the primary and secondary windings can be mixed 'to borrow from the winding to It can be effectively lowered or offset each other. The tube 2 is a support piece that is yang on the belt 6, and the belt 6 is used for the production of the shell. .. Grid. Transformer / Reactor The shell is wound by a tape 6 of magnetizable material. The tape 6 is covered or impregnated with a glue or paste, such as a curable resin on at least one side thereof, so that a self-adhesive tape β is obtained, and adjacent windings can be rotated Be adhered to, and get a mechanically strong and stable case. This adhesion loop is necessary, especially in the production of large transformers / reactors. The belt used to rotate on the case does not need to be the entire The lengths are all annular 'because magnetic flux can pass through air or colloidal gaps. Therefore, the shell can be wound by the belt roller 8, and the winding is continued until the roller 8 is completed, and then the winding group is continued by a new roller without having to firmly bond the two belt ends. The production of shells is facilitated in this way. The glue or paste 10 contains a magnetizable elixir, such as iron powder or magnetic powder 'to reduce the magnetic resistance of the shell = The belt 6 is preferably made of a thin iron belt. The iron belt is easy to bend and fold when the shell is produced. _ Open ΓΙ can easily provide penetrating shell 12 for electrical connection and supply and removal of cooling medium in the transformer / reactor of the present invention. U By arrangement-· want to shape in the middle of the transformer / reactor, a related The shell can be formed by being wound into this structure. For example, wooden blocks or pins are appropriately arranged in the direction of the through-shell 'to form the position of the opening through the shell' on the shell ------------ ^ ------ ^- ---- ^ di. (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297). -12- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 416068 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (10), the band is wound on one side of the pin or block 'the pin or block is subsequently removed' so that there are free openings 13 wire windings or windings u 丨 arranged in advance in +9 In the VU structure, or the hollow structure π1 " is formed so that the cables such as the group or R-Pu winding can be rolled in the open door to the space in the structure. Figure 3 illustrates the openings 14 on the upper side of the transformer / reactor and the openings 16 on the lower side of the transformer / reactor. Four electrical through connections are needed to penetrate the shell of a simple example of a voltage regulator with a primary and primary winding, and two electrical through connections are required to pass through a reactor with one winding. The cooling medium can be supplied or removed from the openings ρ 1 4 and 16 as shown by the arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4. The cooling medium may be air, a liquid or a cryogenic liquid such as a nitrogen or carbon dioxide liquid. The tubes may be insulated conductors arranged in parallel to the winding 4 or used for β cooling, and the cooling medium is passed through the tubes. The cooling medium can be flowing in the winding space inside the casing. Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4 as a cross section parallel to the plane of the toroidal transformer / reactor shown in FIG. 2 and has two adjacent openings 1 8 ′ 2 0 through the shell 1 2 1 for supply Or remove the cooling medium. A partition wall 22 is arranged to cross the winding space between the two openings 18, 20 to avoid the shortest path of the cooling medium flowing from the inlet 18 to the outlet 20, and the cooling medium path is short-circuited. The cooling medium is forced in this way to flow around the winding space before reaching u 2 0. To obtain an effective cooling +: The partition wall 2 2 is perforated to allow winding or winding. 4 of the cable channel. Sections 2-4_ illustrate toroidal transformers / reactors. Because of their perfect pairs ------- ^ ----- ^ ------- order ------ ^ J / | \ / i (Read the notes before reading the back ® before filling out this page) The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X297 mm) -13- 416068 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( 11) claim, and no leakage field will be generated in the past. Therefore, these embodiments are particularly suitable for places where you want to avoid + disturbance or want to avoid people from being exposed to electromagnetic fields. Obviously, the transformer / reactor according to the present invention can It has any shape, for example, "square", however, the channel will cause a small amount of leakage magnetic flux. 3 The above-mentioned embodiment of the transformer / reactor according to the present invention is a single-phase embodiment. However, the "transformer / reactor according to the present invention can be easily arranged. To form a multiphase transformer / reactor. For example, most transformers / reactors can be arranged coaxially (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) • Packing. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper size applies to China's national standards (CNS> A4 specification (210X2W mm) -14-