.06197 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局Λ工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（1 ) 本發明背景 本申請案主張美國臨時申請案第60/060, 870號之優先 權及利益，其爲1 997年10月2日提出申請，其揭示以指述 方式納入本文。 本發明與具有一窗於其內之光學系統有關，更明確說 ，與使用於非圓形窗之此等光學系統有關〇 —光學感測器接收從一景象來之幅射能量，並將其轉 換成電信號0該電彳3號供給至一顯不器^或進~~'步處理供 爲圖案辨識等。可用之光學感測器有各種型式，波長範圍 從紫外線，經可見光，達紅外線。於某些應用中，光學感 測器方位爲固定，而於其他應用中，光學感測器藉由樞轉 及/或旋轉移動而爲可移動，容許感測於廣角之視域上。 光學感測器一般使用一感光性材料，其面向該景象， 並產生回應入射能量之電輸出0感光性材料與感測器構造 之其餘部份較易碎，並易受灰塵、侵蝕、化學藥品、或高 空氣速度損害〇運轉時，感測器放置於一窗後，經此檢視 該景象，其保護該感測器免受此等外部影響0該窗對感測 器操作波長之輻射爲透明，並抵抗外力之襲擊0該窗亦必 須容許感測器檢視特定視域上之景象0 該窗於視域中心除可能之球面像差外，理想上將不導 入波前像差，尤其當該感測器爲一映像感測器時0當該窗 愈厚且愈高度彎曲時，愈可能導入顯著之波前像差0多種 感測器窗業被使用於各種飛行器應用0於許多情況’例如 低速商業直昇機，平窗爲可接受者。形狀爲球體弧段之窗 ^----------裝丨；-----1T------^ r ^ (請先閱讀背面之注^¢-項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X297公f ) -4 - 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印袋 406197 at B7五、發明説明（2 ) 被使用於飛行器與飛彈之應用，但對此等窗而言，若環架 位置不在該窗之球形中心時，波前像差偏高。於所有此等 窗型中，若該窗須加寬，或須伸入空氣流內一實質距離， 容許大視域，則該窗導致氣體動力拖曳會大。 對有關飛行器與飛彈操作於高速度之應用，該窗應具 相當之氣體動力性，使該窗之出現伸入空氣流內對該交通 工具不會導致無法接受之高及/或不對稱氣體動力拖曳〇 因此一非球形或共形窗於減少拖曳及增加飛行器之速度與 射程爲有益〇然而，有用之共形窗將大的波前像差導'入感 測器光束內，尤其對該感測器之高方位指向角0 波前像差可經計算校正，但處理量會很大0爲減少計 算量或免除計算需求，影像之波前像差光學上可被減至最 少，其或以光學處理組件或藉由於該窗提供一特殊形狀〇 有用之處理方式於達成此種校正尙未完全成功。因此，對 —改良之處理方式有一需求存在，對經一非圓形窗檢視一 景象之光學系統提供校正影像〇本發明滿足此一需求，並 進一步提供相關優點〇 本發明綜述 本發明提供一光學系統與方法，使用該光學系統提供 校正光學影像〇該光學系統與多種非圓形窗一起使用〇其 可被調整，以對該光學系統廣泛範圍之感測器方位指向角 ，提供最小之波前像差。 依據本發明，一光學系統包含一具有彎曲外側表面與 —彎曲內側表面之窗，一光學校正器鄰接該窗之彎曲內側 本紙張尺度適用中國國家&隼（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公嫠) 一 -5- 1---------裝丨----^--丨訂；*-------竦 (請先間讀背面之注^^項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局貝工消費合作社印装 -J6197 at B7五、發明説明（3) 表面，並包含一非圓形透明本體，與一可移動光學校正器 支承，其上安裝該光學校正器。該系統進一步包括光學串 列，位置爲使該光學校正器位於彎曲窗與光學串列之間。 該光學串列包括至少一光學元件，其可操作改變入射於其 上之光射線。其具有一可移動之光學串列支承，其上安裝 該光學串列，及一感測器，放置成接收順序通過該窗、光 學校正器、與該光學串列之光射線0 該窗最好安裝於罩殼內，其具有一伸長軸。該光學校 正器支承最好包含一長條之透明材料，具有一軸向組件沿 該伸長軸延伸，及一徑向組件從該伸長軸向外伸出，該光 學校正器支承最好可對該伸長軸旋轉0該光學校正器支承 與該光學串列支承亦必要爲可對該伸長軸平行移動，而各 移動彼此獨立〇 如此該光學系統包括該非圓形窗，後者於光射線內導 入與該感測器通過該窗之指向角有關之像差，與二分離可 調整之光學組件，其可部份或全部消除所導入之像差0該 光學校正器作用爲一矯正透鏡，其位置爲可對該伸長軸旋 轉，及/或對該伸長軸平行移動0該光學串列之位置亦可 沿該伸長軸被調整0此等光學組件與其等之可調整性爲用 以減少由於光射線通過該窗導入之像差0此二光學組件之 設計，連同其等之可移動特性，容許依據該窗性質定製選 擇像差校正〇產生最佳影像之各光學組件位置爲感測器指 向角之函數，其儲存於記憶體內，而此等位置於光學系統 服務期間以指向角之函數被重建0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -6- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填将本页) 裝. 訂 線 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 __^06197 b7__五、發明説明（4 ) 本發明其他特色與優點從以下較佳具體形式詳述連同 附圖將會很明顯，後者藉由範例例示本發明原理〇然而， 本發明之範圍不限於此一較佳具體形式。 簡要圖說 圖1爲一具有圓頂前端窗之飛彈之正視圖； 圖2爲依據本發明一光學系統之示意圖； 圖3A-3C爲一光學校正器之各圖，其中圖3 △爲顯示其 與該窗關係之縱向剖面圖，圖3B爲沿圖3A之直線3B-3B所 截取之橫剖面圖，而圖3C爲沿圖3A之直線3C-3C所截取之 橫剖面圖；而 圖4爲設計、製造與使用該光學系統之處理方式之方 塊流程圖0 本發明詳沭 圖1描述一飛行工具，於此一情形爲一超音波飛彈20 ，具有一機身22及一彎曲窗24附於其上。該窗24爲一圓頂 前端，至少部份伸入飛彈20之空氣流內〇機身沿一伸長軸 2 5延伸，而於一較佳應用，該窗24爲對軸25成旋轉式對稱 〇具有圓頂前端窗24之飛彈20爲本發明光學系統之較佳應 用，但其同樣可適用於其他情況，譬如其他飛彈之窗與載 人飛行器上之窗〇 該窗24爲光學系統26之一部份，其整體示於圖2 〇光 學系統26包括附著於機身22之窗24 ’該機身作用爲光學系 統26之一罩殼〇窗24之一彎曲內側表面28爲該窗24朝向機 身22內部之凹表面。窗26之一彎曲外側表面30爲該窗24朝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Μ规格（210 X 297公釐） I,——：------裝------訂^——-------旅 (請先閲讀背面之注意事嗔再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 40GI97 at __B7___五、發明説明（5 ) 向機身22外部且於飛彈飛行時伸入空氣流中之凸表面0該 窗24具有一空間相關之曲率〇 —光學校正器32位置鄰接該窗24之內側表面28 〇光學 校正器32爲對該光學系統26與其感測器所感測輻射爲透明 之彎曲材料物件〇例如，對一可見光輻射光學系統，該光 學校正器32可爲玻璃。 該光學校正器32最好形成爲一透明材料物件，其形狀 爲具有一軸向組件Xz沿伸長軸25 (圖2 )延伸。一徑向組 件Xr，從伸長軸25 (圖2)向外延伸，及一圓周組件X0 ( 圖3B) 〇圖3A-3C例示光學校正器32之一形式。如圖3A所 示，光學校正器Μ位於鄰接該窗24之內側空間28，而因此 從伸長軸25 ( Xr組件）向外側且從光學校正器32之一頂點 34 (Xz組件）向後方延伸。光學校正器32之橫剖面於靠近 頂點34之位置可對伸長軸25成圓形對稱或接近圓形對稱， ，如圖3B所示。於從頂點34進一步向後方之位置，光學校 正器32形成爲至少一透明材料之條片32a ，且最好爲二條 片32a ，如圖所例示，以平衡其於支承上之載重〇於縱剖 面（圖3A)條片32a大致遵隨窗24之曲率，但會偏離該曲 率某些程度〇於垂直伸長軸25之橫剖面（圖3C)條片32a 最好對一校正器橫對稱軸3 5成對摺對稱，並環繞仲長軸2 5 正對一總弧A 〇使用條片形式之光學校正器32容許該光學 校正器具有一曲率及厚度不同於窗24者，當橫過伸長軸25 檢視時，如圖3C 〇於圖3C之例示較佳情況，條片32之橫曲 率與厚度變化不同於窗24之橫曲率與厚匡里化。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2I0X297公釐） —8- ί ---r-i------裝------訂------線 1. - , (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 406197 ^ B7____五、發明说明（6) 光學校正器S2作用爲一透鏡’校正被導入該通過窗28 之光學（光）射線內之像差〇由於像差與光射線向量空間 相.關，光學校正器32形成爲使其校正同樣爲空間相關0導 入光射線之像差與該窗2 4之確實形狀相關’而因此對光學 校正器3 2之形狀無法提出特定之設計0然而’可作成某些 通則〇 如圖3 A之縱剖面圖與圖3 C之橫剖面圖所示，光學校正 器32之光學矯正特性（即曲率及/或厚度）一般爲位置之 函數。光學校正器3 2之光學矯正特性可變化丨爲沿仲長軸 25位置之一函數，如圖3A所示，及/或爲對伸長軸2 5之角 度之函數，如圖3C所示。光學校正器32之曲率與厚度，及 而光學性質爲選擇校正該光射線通過該窗24而後通過該光 學校正器32所導入之像差〇 光學校正器3 2爲安裝於一可移動之光學校正器支承36 上，如圖2所示。光學校正器支承3G最好爲可對仲長軸25 旋轉移動，如箭頭38所圖示。光學校正器支承36亦可平行 仲長軸25線性移動，如箭頭4〇所圖示。該旋轉與線性移動 爲由習用之引動器所產生，其對其他使用目的爲已知〇 光學校正器支承36,及而光學校正器3 2之旋轉移動， 容許光學校正器32之條片32a依據後績所述光學串列之旋 轉注視角被旋轉定位〇即當該光學串列放置爲朝下觀察時 ，該光學校正器支承36正常將旋轉定位爲如圖3C所示，使 進入光學串列之光射線必須通過光學校正器32 〇若該光學 串列旋轉9〇度向左或右觀察時，光學校正器支承3 6正常亦 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） I ^—1— n n I n n n ^ In I 旅-. . (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^06197 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明（7 ) 將從圖3C所示位置旋轉90度，使入射光射線必須經之通過 〇 光學校正器支承36，及而光學校正器32之軸向移動， 容許光學校正器32之不同部份被使用以校正該窗2 4所導入 之像差〇 一光學串列42放置爲使該光學校正器32位於該窗24與 光學串列4 2之間。該光學串列4 2包括至少一光學元件，其 可操作改變入射於其上之光射線〇該光學元件例示於圖2 爲一折射透鏡“，但其亦可包括一鏡、一棱鏡、或任何其 他可操作之光學元件〇該光學元件亦可包括此等透鏡、鏡 、及/或稜鏡之一種組合。該光學串列之詳細設計於業界 爲已知，而本發明不涉及此等而之設計細節〇 該光學串列42導引該先前首先通過該窗24而後通過該 光學校正器3 2之入射光射線到感測器4 6內所例示感測器 46爲一焦平面陣列感測器，但可爲任何可操作型式。感測 器46之選擇爲依據所感測能量之性質，而典型上爲看見光 或紅外線能量之感測器0此等感测器W之設計於業界爲已 知〇感測器提供其輸出爲一電信號至處理電子設備，其 未例示但於業界爲已知0 光學串列42爲安裝於一可移動光學串列支承上。光 學串列支承W之移動特性爲選擇容許光學串列42指向所要 方向，且亦利用光學校正器32之矯正性質0爲容許光學串 列42指向所要方向，一側滾/傾斜移動例示於圖2 〇該光 學串列支承4S對伸長軸25旋轉，如箭頭50所示〇 —環架52 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) M规格（2丨0X297公瘦） -10- l·..--ί-----裝I-；-----訂------旅 - ' -. . (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央揉準局員工消費合作社印製 ^06197 A7 , _B7_五、發明説明（8 ) 產生箭頭54所示對一垂直於伸長軸25 (及而旋轉軸）之橫 軸5 6之傾斜移動。移動50與54之組合容許光學串列42指向 任何所要之旋轉與方位角方向0於本發明範疇內之另一處 理方式，該光學串列可安裝於一X-Y旋轉環架支承上，其 容許該光學串列對二橫軸移動，使旋轉移動爲不需要〇整 個光學串列4 2可平行伸長軸2 5向前或向後移動爲一線性軸 向移動，如箭頭58所示。光學串列支承48之軸向移動58容 許光學串列42相對於該窗24與該光學校正器32放置成最佳 性能。移動50、54、與58爲以習用之引動器產生，其對其 他使用目的爲已知0 光學校正器32之移動38與40，及光學串列42之移動50 、54、與58，可彼此完全無關，或可爲機械及/或導電連 結〇譬如，光學校正器32之旋轉移動38可與光學串列42之 旋轉移動50連結在一起，或以相同之引動器來達成。於該 情況，對伸長軸25旋轉之所有角度，光學串列42經光學校 正器32之相同部份觀察〇類似之連合對譬如軸向移動40與 58爲可能。 圖4描述設計、調整、與操作光學系統26之一較佳處 理方式〇如前所述，提供光學系統之實際組件，號碼70 〇 使用反覆程序，號碼72、74、76、與78，設計及製造光學 校正器32，而移動Μ、4〇、50、54、與58經相互關聯，並 經程式規劃供後續運作應用。 首先，窗24之光學特性經評估，號碼72 〇此一評估對 所有相關之入射位置與角度確立當入射光射線通過該窗24 本紙張尺度適用不國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規招「( 210X297公釐） -11- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝. 訂 406197 Λ7 Η7 經洸部中央標準扃只工消贽合作社印裝 五、發明説明（9) 時，導入其波前之像差性質0該評估之進行可使用習用光 射線分析與已知及/或量測之窗24形狀0窗24之形狀某些 程度上爲由氣體動力需求所指定，但亦可依據光學需求作 微調〇 光學校正器32所需之形狀與位匱使用習用光射線分析 計算，爲其位置與入射光射線位置與角度之函數，光學校 正器32之形狀與位置爲選擇於光射束通過窗2 4與光學校正 器3 2後建立所選擇之光學特性。此等特性之範例包括外視 角對目標之偏向、光學倍率或焦距，爲光射線位置與角度 及軸對稱像差之函數〇然後改變光學校正器Μ之設計形狀 ，對不對稱像差例如彗差與像散作調整。於此一分析，當 仰角改變時，選定對稱像差爲屬固定，然而隨仰角變化之 '不對稱像差被校正至可接受之小値〇光學串列之光學系統 亦可設計爲矯正對稱像差至可接受之小値〇設計程序之最 後階段，光學串列42之光學元件設計爲矯正所有對稱像差 至可接受之小値。此等像差經由先前設計步驟已成爲幾乎 固定。根據此一設計程序製成光學校正器，號數74 〇 窗24、光學校正器32、及光學串列42分別安裝於機身 22、光學校正器支承36、及光學串列支承48上，號數76〇 於製造期間於感測器4 6接收之測試光學信號經評估。產生 最佳光學性質之移動38、40、50、54、及58之相關値經確 定並儲存，號數7 8 〇若此等接收之光學信號性質爲可接受 並在規格內，製造與組裝程序完成。誤差與像差亦被確定 與儲存，使其等可能被考慮作其他處理。若達成結果爲不 本紙张尺度適用中國囡家你年（CNS ) 2丨0x297<M;.) -12- -----.i--------裂--^---—；---訂---^----系 (1Λ先閱讀背而之注念f項再填r<:T本页) 經淌部中次橾嗥局只工消赍合作社印裝 Λ7 406197 __i7 五、發明説明（10) 可接受，步驟72、74、76、及78依需要重複’直到獲得可 接受之結果〇典型上*變更之達成爲藉由抛光、硏磨、機 具加工與其他己知加工操作修改光學校正器3 2，直到其性 質爲可接受。 光學校正器32之形狀可能無法以任何一般形式說明， 因爲其與窗2 4之形狀與光學特性有關，而於上述設計程序 被確定。然而，於一典型倩況，如圖2與3A所示，當該窗 與該光學校正器於圖3 A縱剖面觀察時，光學校正器典型上 相當接近但不必完全符合窗24之形狀。然而，如圖3C所見 ，當於光學校正器之條片剖面之橫剖面觀察時，光學校正 器32典型上不符合窗24之形狀。 一旦光學校正器32被製成，而產生可接受光學性質之 移動38、4〇、50、54、及58之位置爲已知，飛彈即行運作 ，號碼80 〇當光學系統26於服務期間被使用時，移動50與 54之角度位置典型上爲選擇使光學串列42指向爲沿一所要 視線。與移動50與54所要該等角度位置相關之其他移動38 、40、與58 (合稱爲支承位置〃）之最佳角度位置爲從 記憶體叫回，其於步驟7 2、7 4、7 6、及7 8，爲起始製造與 校準操作期間所確立，而使用各自之引動器設定〇結果爲 對所有需要之光學串列觀察（指向）角度，有一最佳影像 到達感測器4 6 〇 雖然爲例示目的，業經說明本發明之一特殊具體形式 ，其可作成各種修改與加强而不脫離本發明之精神與範疇 〇因此，本發明除所附申請專利範圍之外並不受限制〇 本紙张尺度適中國國家彳( CNS ) 2丨OX297公兑） -13- I---'1-----"—^-----—·--—訂 (对先閱讀t而之：>χ"#ΙΓι#"·Ή本页〕 經濟部中央標準局努工消费合作社印製 A7 B71 u40G197五、發明説明（） 圖式元件符號說明 20 :超音波飛彈 22 :機身 24 :彎曲窗 25 :伸長軸 26 :光學系統 28 :彎曲內側表面 30 :彎曲外側表面 32 :光學校正器 32a :條片 34 :頂點 35:校正器橫對稱軸 36:光學校正器支承 38、40、50、54、58 :箭頭 42 :光學串列 44 :折射透鏡 46 :感測器 48 :光學串列支承 52 :環架 56 :橫軸 -n I------办衣--I---訂 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐） —.06197 A7 B7 Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ Industrial Consumer Cooperatives V. Description of the Invention (1) Background to the Invention This application claims the priority and benefits of US Provisional Application No. 60/060, 870, which is 1 997 An application was filed on October 2, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to an optical system having a window therein, and more specifically, to these optical systems used in non-circular windows. The optical sensor receives the radiant energy from a scene and It is converted into an electric signal 0, and the electric signal No. 3 is supplied to a display device ^, or the processing is performed for pattern recognition, etc. There are various types of optical sensors available, with wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. In some applications, the orientation of the optical sensor is fixed, while in other applications, the optical sensor is movable by pivoting and / or rotational movement, allowing sensing over a wide field of view. Optical sensors generally use a photosensitive material that faces the scene and produces an electrical output in response to incident energy. The photosensitive material and the rest of the sensor structure are more fragile and vulnerable to dust, erosion, and chemicals Or, high air velocity damage. When running, the sensor is placed behind a window and the scene is inspected to protect the sensor from these external influences. The window is transparent to the radiation of the sensor's operating wavelength. The window must also allow the sensor to view the scene in a specific field of view. The window in the center of the field of view, except for possible spherical aberrations, will ideally not introduce wavefront aberrations, especially when the When the sensor is an image sensor, when the window is thicker and more highly curved, it is more likely to introduce significant wavefront aberrations. Various sensor windows are used in various aircraft applications. In many cases, such as Low-speed commercial helicopters, flat windows are acceptable. A window in the shape of a sphere arc ^ ---------- equipment 丨; -1T ------ ^ r ^ (Please read the note on the back ^ ¢-before filling in this (Page) This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X297 male f) -4-Printed bags for employees' cooperatives of the Central Standardization Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 406197 at B7 V. Description of the invention (2) Used in aircraft and missiles Applications, but for these windows, if the ring position is not in the spherical center of the window, the wavefront aberration is high. In all of these window types, if the window has to be widened, or if it has to extend into the air stream by a substantial distance, allowing a large field of view, the window will cause aerodynamic drag to be large. For applications involving the operation of aircraft and missiles at high speeds, the window should have considerable aerodynamics so that the presence of the window extends into the air stream and does not cause unacceptable high and / or asymmetric aerodynamics to the vehicle. Towing. Therefore, an aspherical or conformal window is beneficial in reducing towing and increasing the speed and range of the aircraft. However, the useful conformal window guides large wavefront aberrations into the sensor beam, especially for the sensor. The high azimuth pointing angle of the detector is 0. The wavefront aberration can be corrected by calculation, but the processing amount will be large. To reduce the calculation amount or eliminate the calculation requirements, the wavefront aberration of the image can be minimized optically. The optical processing unit may not achieve this kind of correction by providing a special shape for the window. Useful processing methods are not completely successful. Therefore, there is a need for an improved processing method, which provides a corrected image for an optical system that views a scene through a non-circular window. The present invention meets this need and further provides related advantages. Summary of the invention The invention provides an optical System and method for using the optical system to provide a corrected optical image. The optical system is used with a variety of non-circular windows. It can be adjusted to provide a wide range of sensor azimuths to the optical system to provide the smallest wavefront. Aberration. According to the present invention, an optical system includes a window having a curved outer surface and a curved inner surface, and an optical corrector adjoins the curved inner surface of the window. The paper size is applicable to China & 隼 (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297mm) A-5- 1 --------- installation 丨 ---- ^-丨 order; * ------- 竦 (please read the note ^^ on the back before filling this page ) Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives-J6197 at B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The surface, including a non-circular transparent body, and a movable optical corrector support, on which the optical correction is mounted Device. The system further includes an optical string positioned such that the optical corrector is positioned between the curved window and the optical string. The optical string includes at least one optical element operable to change a light ray incident thereon. It has a movable optical tandem support, on which the optical tandem is mounted, and a sensor placed to receive light rays passing through the window, optical corrector, and the optical tandem in sequence. The window is best It is installed in the casing and has an elongated shaft. The optical corrector support preferably includes a long transparent material, having an axial component extending along the elongation axis, and a radial component extending outwardly from the elongation axis. The extension axis rotates. The optical corrector support and the optical tandem support must also be able to move in parallel to the extension axis, and each movement is independent of each other. Thus, the optical system includes the non-circular window, which is introduced into the light ray and the The aberrations related to the pointing angle of the sensor through the window, and two separate adjustable optical components, which can partially or completely eliminate the introduced aberrations. The optical corrector functions as a corrective lens, and its position is adjustable. The extension axis is rotated, and / or the extension axis is moved in parallel. The position of the optical string can also be adjusted along the extension axis. These optical components and their adjustability are used to reduce Aberrations introduced by the window 0 The design of the two optical components, together with their movable characteristics, allows the aberration correction to be customized according to the properties of the window. The position of each optical component that produces the best image is sensed. The function of the pointing angle is stored in the memory, and these positions are reconstructed as a function of the pointing angle during the service of the optical system. 0 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -6- ( Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) Binding. Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the Bayer Consumer Cooperative __ ^ 06197 b7__ V. Description of the invention (4) Other features and advantages of the present invention are compared from the following. The detailed description of the preferred specific form together with the drawings will be apparent, the latter illustrating the principle of the present invention by way of example. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to this preferred specific form. Brief description: Figure 1 is a front view of a missile with a dome front window; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical system according to the present invention; Figures 3A-3C are diagrams of an optical corrector, of which Figure 3 △ shows the 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3C-3C of FIG. 3A; and FIG. 4 is a design Block diagram of processing method for manufacturing and using the optical system 0 The present invention is detailed. FIG. 1 describes a flying tool. In this case, an ultrasonic missile 20 has a fuselage 22 and a curved window 24 attached to it. on. The window 24 is a front end of a dome that at least partially extends into the air flow of the missile 20. The fuselage extends along an elongated axis 25. In a preferred application, the window 24 is rotationally symmetric to the axis 25. The missile 20 of the dome front window 24 is a better application of the optical system of the present invention, but it can also be applied to other situations, such as windows of other missiles and windows on manned aircraft. The window 24 is part of the optical system 26 The optical system 26 includes a window 24 attached to the fuselage 22. The fuselage functions as a cover of the optical system 26. The curved inner surface 28 of the window 24 is such that the window 24 faces the fuselage. 22 concave surface inside. One of the curved outer surfaces 30 of the window 26 is the size of the window 24 facing the Chinese paper standard (CNS) M specifications (210 X 297 mm) I, —————————————— Order ^ ——------- Brigade (Please read the note on the back 嗔 before filling out this page) Staff Consumer Cooperation Department of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed 40GI97 at __B7___ V. Description of Invention (5) The convex surface outside the body 22 and projecting into the air flow when the missile is flying 0 The window 24 has a spatially related curvature 0-the optical corrector 32 is positioned adjacent to the inner surface 28 of the window 24 0 the optical corrector 32 is for the optical The radiation sensed by the system 26 and its sensor is a transparent curved material object. For example, for a visible light radiation optical system, the optical corrector 32 may be glass. The optical corrector 32 is preferably formed as a transparent material object having a shape having an axial component Xz extending along the elongation axis 25 (Fig. 2). A radial component Xr extends outward from the elongated shaft 25 (Fig. 2), and a circumferential component X0 (Fig. 3B). Figs. 3A-3C illustrate one form of the optical corrector 32. Figs. As shown in FIG. 3A, the optical corrector M is located in the inner space 28 adjacent to the window 24, and thus extends outward from the extension axis 25 (Xr unit) and from one vertex 34 (Xz unit) of the optical corrector 32 to the rear. The cross section of the optical corrector 32 may be circularly symmetrical or nearly circularly symmetrical with respect to the elongation axis 25 at a position near the vertex 34, as shown in FIG. 3B. At a position further rearward from the apex 34, the optical corrector 32 is formed as at least one strip 32a of transparent material, and preferably two strips 32a, as illustrated in the figure, to balance its load on the support in a longitudinal section. (Figure 3A) The strip 32a generally follows the curvature of the window 24, but will deviate to some extent from the curvature. A cross section of the vertical extension axis 25 (Figure 3C) The strip 32a is preferably aligned with a corrector transverse symmetry axis 3 5 Symmetrically folded in pairs, and encircling the mid-long axis 2 5 facing a total arc A 〇 The use of strip-shaped optical correctors 32 allows the optical correctors to have a curvature and thickness different from the window 24 when viewed across the elongated axis 25 As shown in FIG. 3C and FIG. 3C, the transverse curvature and thickness of the strip 32 are different from the transverse curvature and thickness of the window 24. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2I0X297 mm) —8- ί --- ri ------ installation ------ order ------ line 1.-, (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 406197 ^ B7____V. Description of the invention (6) The optical corrector S2 acts as a lens and the correction is introduced into the passage window 28 Aberrations in optical (light) rays. Since the aberrations are related to the vector space of the light rays, the optical corrector 32 is formed so that its correction is also spatially related. The aberrations of the introduced light rays are exactly the same as those of the window 24. 'Shape-dependent' and therefore no specific design of the shape of the optical corrector 32 can be proposed. However, some general rules can be made. As shown in the longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 3A and the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3C, the optical corrector 32 The optical correction characteristics (ie curvature and / or thickness) are generally a function of position. The optical correction characteristics of the optical corrector 32 can be changed as a function of position 25 along the mid-long axis, as shown in Fig. 3A, and / or as a function of the angle to the elongation axis 25, as shown in Fig. 3C. The curvature and thickness of the optical corrector 32, and the optical property is to selectively correct the aberrations introduced by the light rays passing through the window 24 and then through the optical corrector 32. The optical corrector 32 is installed in a movable optical correction Device support 36, as shown in Figure 2. The optical corrector support 3G is preferably rotatable about the secondary long axis 25, as illustrated by arrow 38. The optical corrector support 36 can also be moved linearly in parallel with the long axis 25, as shown by arrow 40. The rotation and linear movement are generated by a conventional actuator, which is known for other uses. The optical corrector support 36, and the rotational movement of the optical corrector 32 allows the strip 32a of the optical corrector 32 to be based. The rotational angle of view of the optical string described in the later paragraphs is rotated and positioned. That is, when the optical string is placed for downward viewing, the optical corrector support 36 normally positions the rotation as shown in FIG. 3C to enter the optical string. The light rays must pass through the optical corrector 32. If the optical string is rotated 90 degrees to the left or right, the optical corrector support 3 6 is normal. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) ) I ^ —1— nn I nnn ^ In I Brigade .. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) ^ 06197 A7 B7 Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ) Will be rotated 90 degrees from the position shown in FIG. 3C, so that the incident light rays must pass through the optical corrector support 36, and the axial movement of the optical corrector 32, allowing different parts of the optical corrector 32 to be used to Correction Aberrations introduced window 24 of a square of the optical series 42 is placed such that the optical corrector 32 located between window 24 and the optical series 42. The optical string 42 includes at least one optical element operable to change light rays incident thereon. The optical element is illustrated in FIG. 2 as a refractive lens, but it may also include a mirror, a prism, or any Other operable optical elements. The optical element may also include a combination of these lenses, mirrors, and / or 稜鏡. The detailed design of the optical string is known in the industry, and the invention does not involve these. Design details. The optical string 42 guides the incident light ray previously passed through the window 24 and then through the optical corrector 32 to the sensor 46. The illustrated sensor 46 is a focal plane array sensor But can be any type of operation. The selection of the sensor 46 is based on the nature of the energy being sensed, and is typically a sensor that sees light or infrared energy. The design of these sensors W is known in the industry The sensor provides its output as an electrical signal to the processing electronics, which is not exemplified but is known in the industry. 0 The optical string 42 is mounted on a movable optical string support. The moving characteristics of the optical string support W To Select Allowed Optics The column 42 points in the desired direction, and also uses the corrective properties of the optical corrector 32 to allow the optical string 42 to point in the desired direction. One side roll / tilt movement is illustrated in FIG. 2. The optical string support 4S rotates the elongated shaft 25. As shown by the arrow 50—the ring frame 52 The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) M specification (2 丨 0X297 male thin) -10- l · ..-------- 装 装 I-;- --- Order ------ Travel- '-.. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 06197 A7, _B7_ V. Description of the Invention (8) Generate a tilted movement of the horizontal axis 56 which is perpendicular to the elongation axis 25 (and the rotation axis) as shown by arrow 54. The combination of movements 50 and 54 allows the optical string 42 to point in any desired direction of rotation and azimuth 0 In another processing method within the scope of the present invention, the optical string can be mounted on an XY rotation ring support, which allows the optical string to move to two horizontal axes, so that the rotational movement is not necessary. 0 The entire optical string 4 2 can be extended in parallel to the axis 2 5 to move forward or backward as a linear axial movement, as shown by arrow 58. Optical string The axial movement 58 of the support 48 allows the optical string 42 to be placed in the best performance relative to the window 24 and the optical corrector 32. The movements 50, 54, and 58 are generated by conventional actuators, and are used for other purposes It is known that the movements 38 and 40 of the optical corrector 32 and the movements 50, 54, and 58 of the optical string 42 may be completely independent of each other, or may be mechanical and / or conductive links. For example, the rotation of the optical corrector 32 The movement 38 can be linked with the rotation movement 50 of the optical string 42 or can be achieved with the same actuator. In this case, for all angles of rotation of the elongated shaft 25, the optical string 42 passes through the same part of the optical corrector 32 It is observed that similar coupling pairs such as axial movement of 40 and 58 are possible. Figure 4 depicts one of the preferred processing methods for designing, adjusting, and operating the optical system 26. As mentioned earlier, the actual components of the optical system are provided, number 70. Repeated procedures are used, numbers 72, 74, 76, and 78. Design and The optical corrector 32 is manufactured, and the movements M, 40, 50, 54, and 58 are related to each other and are programmed for subsequent operations and applications. First, the optical characteristics of window 24 have been evaluated, number 72. This evaluation establishes all relevant incident positions and angles. When the incident light rays pass through the window 24, the paper size is subject to the National Standard (CNS) Λ4 Regulations "(210X297 (Mm) -11- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)-Binding. Order 406197 Λ7 Η7 Printed by the Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Industrial Cooperatives 5. When the invention description (9) is imported, Aberration properties of the wavefront 0 The evaluation can be performed using conventional light-ray analysis and known and / or measured window 24 shapes 0 The shape of window 24 is specified to some extent by aerodynamic requirements, but can also be based on The optical requirements are fine-tuned. The shape and position of the optical corrector 32 are calculated using conventional light ray analysis as a function of its position and the position and angle of the incident light ray. The shape and position of the optical corrector 32 are selected from the light beam. The selected optical characteristics are established after passing through the window 24 and the optical corrector 32. Examples of such characteristics include the deviation of the external viewing angle to the target, the optical magnification or focal length, and the position and angle of the light ray and the axisymmetric aberration The function 〇 then changes the design shape of the optical corrector M to adjust asymmetric aberrations such as coma and astigmatism. In this analysis, when the elevation angle is changed, the selected symmetrical aberration is fixed, but it changes with the elevation angle. The asymmetric aberration is corrected to an acceptable level. The optical system of the optical series can also be designed to correct the symmetrical aberration to an acceptable level. The final stage of the design process, the optical element design of the optical series 42 In order to correct all symmetrical aberrations to an acceptable level. These aberrations have been almost fixed through the previous design steps. According to this design procedure, an optical corrector, number 74, window 24, optical corrector 32, and The optical string 42 is mounted on the fuselage 22, the optical corrector support 36, and the optical string support 48, respectively. The number of test optical signals received by the sensor 46 during the manufacturing process during the manufacturing process is evaluated to produce the best optics. The nature of the relevant movements of 38, 40, 50, 54, and 58 has been determined and stored, number 7 8 〇 If the nature of these received optical signals is acceptable and within specifications, manufacturing and assembly procedures are completed. Error And aberrations are also determined and stored, so that they may be considered for other treatments. If the result is that the paper size is not applicable to the Chinese family year (CNS) 2 丨 0x297 <M;.) -12- --- -. i -------- crack-^ -----; --- order --- ^ ---- Department (1Λ first read the back and note the f item, then fill in r <: (T page) The Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People ’s Republic of China only prints and prints the cooperative Λ7 406197 __i7 V. Description of the Invention (10) Acceptable, steps 72, 74, 76, and 78 are repeated as necessary until an acceptable one is obtained. Results: Typically, the change is achieved by modifying the optical corrector 32 by polishing, honing, machine processing, and other known processing operations until its properties are acceptable. The shape of the optical corrector 32 may not be described in any general form because it is related to the shape and optical characteristics of the window 24, and is determined in the above-mentioned design procedure. However, in a typical situation, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3A, when the window and the optical corrector are viewed in the longitudinal section of Fig. 3A, the optical corrector is typically quite close but does not necessarily conform exactly to the shape of window 24. However, as seen in Fig. 3C, the optical corrector 32 typically does not conform to the shape of the window 24 when viewed in a cross-section of a slice cross-section of the optical corrector. Once the optical corrector 32 is made and the positions of the movements 38, 40, 50, 54, and 58 that produce acceptable optical properties are known, the missile operates immediately, number 80. When the optical system 26 is used during service At this time, the angular positions of the movements 50 and 54 are typically selected so that the optical string 42 is directed along a desired line of sight. The optimal angular positions of the other movements 38, 40, and 58 (collectively referred to as the support positions) related to the angular positions required by movements 50 and 54 are recalled from the memory, which is performed in steps 7 2, 7 4, 7 6, and 7 8 are established during the initial manufacturing and calibration operations, and are set using their respective actuators. 0 The result is that all required optical tandem observation (pointing) angles have an optimal image reaching the sensor 4 6 〇Although for the purpose of illustration, a special specific form of the present invention has been described, it can be modified and strengthened without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited except for the scope of the attached application patent. The size of this paper is suitable for the Chinese country 彳 (CNS) 2 丨 OX297 exchange) -13- I --- '1 ----- " — ^ -----— · --— subscribe (read first t And: > χ "# ΙΓι # " This page] Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Nugong Consumer Cooperative, A7 B71, u40G197 5. Explanation of the invention () Schematic component symbol description 20: Ultrasonic missile 22: Body 24: curved window 25: extension axis 26: optical system 28: curved inner surface 30: curved outer Side surface 32: optical corrector 32a: strip 34: vertex 35: corrector transverse symmetry axis 36: optical corrector support 38, 40, 50, 54, 58: arrow 42: optical string 44: refractive lens 46: sensor Detector 48: Optical tandem support 52: Ring stand 56: Horizontal axis -n I ------ Make clothes--I --- Order (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper Standards apply to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2 丨 0X297 mm) —