TW406010B - Human eyes image difference measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention involves a kind of human eyes image difference measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof, which utilizes the principle of the subjective light tracing to measure the image difference of human eyes. Trace the bias of the light through different pupil positions relative to an ideal image spot under the eyeball under the human eyes observation condition, making the light overlaps with the ideal spot through changing the incident angle, further then, perform minimum square difference analysis toward the incident change quantity to acquire the two-dimensional wave image difference and each individual image difference size, which mainly includes measuring, referencing, pupil monitoring triple lightpath and computer control, the emitting diode array lighting measuring lightpath in conjugation with the pupil and select the position of pupil-entering, on the liquid crystal display board in conjugation with the eyeball to fulfill the change of incident angle by the movement of the mouse of the computer.

Description

4060J fi V. Description of the invention (1) [Summary of the invention] The present invention relates to a medical instrument for use in front-checking, and in other words, to a human eye difference measuring instrument and measuring method "[Background of the Invention] Human Eye It is an optical imaging system that images external objects on the membrane for processing by the nervous system to obtain visual information. An ideal object is clearly imaged on the retina. The light distribution on the surface of the object remains the same on the retina. At this time, all light rays emitted from a point on the surface of the object and passed through the perforations of the human eye will completely condense on a corresponding point of. However, in fact, the human eye is not ideal. Through the presence of light, it does not condense at one point, but forms a light spot. When it reaches the ideal point, most of it deviates from the ideal point. This kind of optical path deviation caused by the amount of light in the eye is technically called Aberrations' aberrations cause blur and worsen vision. Describe the distribution map that is the origin. The example will be used to record the difference. The other method is recombined to synthesize its overall disparity. (Technical aberration aberration wave images are distributed by shooting points. The position of the pupil plane will be a series of aberrations. The only thing is that the defocus power is weak. The above record is determined by the list.) And, change the two kinds of human eyes to the complex law. In the pupil line of the astigmatism method, the simple and differential test of this kind of complexity is the force, a method of constructing a corresponding method without any discrete components. The two branches must be calibrated.

It is the moon coordinate, the advantage of the aberration name is β law, and the large measured aberration of the chrysanthemum aberration is a synergistic image; I positive image; I eye fundus can be contrasted by the eye (or some of the pupils on the inverse net 臈The Dalmatology system describes the two-dimensional aberrations of the imaging mode with the center as a specific ratio, which can be described in detail. After the specific weight is determined, myopia or far distance is 0.

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_406010 V. Description of the invention (2) The optometry technique can only measure near-sightedness or far-sightedness, the conventional glasses or correction of astigmatism and astigmatism with laser hands, and on the other hand, near-sightedness is more serious than normal eyes. Other aberrations and magnitudes cannot be measured completely and can not be corrected. Laser surgery still can not greatly improve the two aberrations of vision and astigmatism, because patients with defocus or hyperopia or astigmatism are usually 'due to these aberrations. The composition is positive, so even if the lens is used or made to date, the aberration technology that can give the wave aberration distribution map and analyze the aberration component and size at the same time is limited to the laboratory. The aberration measurement device used before The wave aberration distribution map and the discrete aberration component size cannot be given at the same time. For example, a diopter based on the US 5 2 5 8 7 9 i patent technology (published in the American Journal of Applied Optics, 1999, Issue 31, pages 36 7 8 to 3 6 8 6) 'can only measure the overall refractive Characteristics, failed to complete the technical conversion from refractive characteristics to wave aberration distribution, so neither the overall distribution of aberrations nor the size of discrete aberration components can be given, and the design cannot form a product. An improved aberration meter formed on the basis of this refractometer technology. It simultaneously gives a wave image distribution diagram and aberration difference components within 7 levels without dilation (published in the US Applied Optical Miscellaneous IGG 8 years). A 1 Vol. 9 No. 9 2 4 4 9 to 2 4 5 6). This instrument is easier to use than another Helmen Shack instrument that can simultaneously give a wave aberration distribution map and discrete components (published in American Applied Optics Magazine, Issue A14, 1997, pages 2873 to 2883, which can measure aberration components within 9 levels). Make routine measurements in the clinic. However, in this aberration device, the angle of incident light is changed by a high-precision mirror control system, which is very expensive and has poor stability. In addition, the angle of the mirror is limited, and only the image in the dynamic range of 400 degrees can be measured. Poor changes, complex and stable structures

Page 5 4060 ^ 0 V. Description of the invention (3) Poor qualitative, high precision requirements of parts, expensive construction, not suitable for conventional instruments and other defects. __________ The aberration measurement principle adopted by existing experimental devices is to shoot a very thin beam of parallel light (such as 0.5 mm in diameter) from a certain position of the pupil of the human eye into the eye, forming a small light spot at the fundus To make people see a small bright spot. When changing the incident position on the eye socket, without any aberrations, the small light spot image at the fundus will be stable at the ideal spot position, and the small bright spot change should not be felt at this time. However, when there are multiple aberrations in the human eye, the small bright spot will deviate from the ideal spot position with the change of the incident position of the parallel measurement light, and the direction and magnitude of the deviation will directly depend on the characteristics and size of the aberrations. At this time, if another reference optical path is added to the parallel measurement optical path and a cross image is formed at the fundus, the center of the cross image coincides with the position of the ideal spot image of the parallel measurement optical path. Therefore, the relative The amount of displacement at the ideal point can be measured from the amount of change in the measured spot image from the center of the cross, thereby converting the measurement of aberrations into the measurement of displacement. However, the displacement of the fundus image is difficult to measure directly and must be obtained by indirect methods. If the incident angle of the incident light on the pupil surface is fixed and its incident angle is changed, the small bright spot will be displaced with the change of the incident angle. If the small bright point is moved to the center of the cross by the control device, the value of the incident angle will be proportional to the aberration at which the light passes through the pupil. By making the same measurement at other positions of the eye pupil, you can obtain the distribution map of the incident angle change amount of aberration on the pupil surface of the eye, that is, the overall refractive image, and then use the least square difference analysis method based on the overall refractive image. The overall wave aberration distribution map and the component size of each discrete aberration can be obtained.

40601 ^ V. Description of the invention (4) In the current aberration measurement experiments using the above measuring principle, the incident position of the incident light on the pupil surface and the incident angle of the incident light are changed by the mechanical control device. The entrance motor has a sliding part and a pupil limiting device connected to it to select the entrance pupil position. Its movement accuracy depends entirely on the accuracy of the stepper motor and the sliding part. High-precision control requires high-precision parts, thus making the cost Increase. In addition, the vibration and temperature resistance performance of precision components is generally poor, and it is not suitable to be used as a conventional measuring instrument. [Objective of the Invention] The purpose of the present invention is to design a "human eye aberration measuring instrument and measuring method", which can simultaneously measure the overall aberration distribution of the human eye and a variety of discrete aberrations. The measuring instrument also has a simple structure, good stability, Low cost. [Brief description of the invention] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a "human eye aberration measuring instrument and measuring method" including a light source, an optical path system, an incident light incident position changing device, an incident light incident angle changing device, and a computer control device The light source includes a measurement light source and an illumination light source. The measurement light source is a light-emitting two-pipe collection group. The end faces of each light-emitting diode are neatly arranged to form a two-dimensional planar array surface. The light path system includes a measurement light path, a reference light path, and a total light path. The measurement optical path includes a first lens, a first reflector, a light-transmissive sight on the liquid crystal display, a first beam splitter, and a second reflector in order behind the light emitting diode array surface. The reference optical path includes the illumination source and The third lens between the first beam splitter and the fixed optotype, and the total light path includes a second beam splitter, a second lens, and a third mirror sequentially located between the second reflector and the pupil of the human eye; the incident light is incident Position changing device includes selection to illuminate measurement light

_406010_ V. Description of the invention (5) The light emitting diode driving circuit of any light emitting diode in the source light emitting diode array; the incident light incident angle changing device includes controlling a light-transmissive sight on the liquid crystal display to be perpendicular to the light. The mouse moves on a two-dimensional plane in the direction of propagation; the computer control device is connected to a light emitting diode driving circuit, a mouse, and a liquid crystal display, respectively. The optical path system further includes a pupil monitoring optical path, an infrared light source located at the pupil of the human eye, the total optical path, and a fourth lens, a CCD camera, and a second lens that are sequentially located in the second optical splitter in the total optical path. CCD camera connected monitor. The fixed target in the reference optical path is a light-transmitting bottom with a cross image. The second beam splitter is a selective beam splitter that is totally reflective to visible light and transparent to infrared light. The light emitting diode group in the measuring light source is composed of 37 light emitting diodes, and the end faces of the 37 light emitting diodes form a regular octagonal array. It also includes a diopter adjustment device composed of a one-dimensional micro mobile station and a manual adjustment mechanism that controls the mobile station to move in the direction of the light. The second reflector and the second beam splitter are arranged on the one-dimensional micro mobile station. The measurement method for measuring human eye aberration using the human eye aberration measuring instrument of the present invention is characterized in that it includes: (1) a computer control device connected to a light emitting diode group driving circuit and a neatly arranged light emitting diode array to form incident light The incident position changing device selectively lights any diode, and changes the incident position of the incident light on the pupil surface point by point in the measurement optical path;

__4060ί0—One (6) computer control device, angle changing device, linked together, 5. Description of the invention (2). In the image of the target image with the meter (3). Using the meter angle aberration to realize the incident light The angled sampling of the aligned pupil-plane co-movement circuit points into the human eye [invented with this item (: 1). The pupil array is obtained; (2). — Once the processing is completed, there are mechanical parts aging Rear view, change the mind, and change the computer-controlled change diagram and a clear picture of "People's light is simmering and getting an integrated two-dimensional flat car. When a certain light is on, the light transmission will change depending on the amount of the device, and the above eye image The modification scheme of the difference hole surface, the above-mentioned light emitting array of the area array is set to achieve the measurement of the light on the moving slider by the connection slide, and the amount of light transmitted through the most discrete measuring instrument is recorded. This side, this array In the case of an electrode tube, when a computer mouse and a liquid light circuit mouse change the light transmission standard on the light transmission hole surface, the small square aberration is large, and the measurement method is adopted. The column plane is calculated, and the light circuit controls the crystal display. Bit position The difference is small. The method is to select the light and the light is controlled by the machine, and then the indicator is used to form the incident light target and the cross-in angle of the transparent reference light path on the liquid crystal display. The shift amount is calculated. "The key technology is to select and change the illumination of the incident source and the circuit-controlled photodiode to form the entire mirror and drive the specific eye pupil position with the light-emitting diodes made by the human eye to select the effect of the entrance pupil position. The advantage of the design is the sampling position on the surface The accuracy depends on the processing of light-emitting diodes. The processing accuracy is easy to reach high standards. The position selection accuracy example is permanently fixed, and there is no problem of reduced accuracy, and shock resistance and temperature resistance.

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4060jlC V. Description of the invention (7) Excellent performance, so it has good stability; (3) · The light path design meets the mature Mike New Things Co., Ltd. uses the light source to the maximum extent; (4). Using light-emitting diodes and It is not a laser light source or other strong light source, which makes the structure of the light source part simple, economical and durable; (5). The circuit control speed is fast, which is convenient for computer processing; (6). The integrated whole machine composed of control circuit and light-emitting diode is easy to achieve standardization; (7) .Mouse movement is used to control the light-transmissive sight on the liquid crystal display, so as to change the angle of incidence without changing the position of the incident. The structure is simple, economical and durable, and the measurement can be made on the premise of ensuring the same accuracy The range is increased to a dynamic range of 100 degrees; (8). A four-lens optical path system is used in the measuring instrument, which are respectively used to measure the optical path, the reference optical path, the pupil monitoring optical path, and the combined optical path of the three optical paths. The measuring optical path and its control part are the core of this measuring instrument. The reference optical path provides a fixed cross image and uses its center as the ideal light point image. The pupil monitors the optical path. It is used to monitor the position of the pupil at any time to achieve accurate measurement. The optical path design of the present invention is more optimized and simpler than the conventional aberration measurement device. The "human eye aberration measuring instrument and measuring method" of the present invention uses the measurement principle of ray tracing to change the incident position of light rays point by point on the pupil surface of the human eye and adopts subjective aiming to change the angle of incidence to measure aberrations. The measurement results provided include a two-dimensional wave aberration profile on the pupil surface of the human eye and more than 30 discrete aberrations including defocus and astigmatism.

Page 10 40 6 0 V. Description of the invention (8) Brief description with illustration: The technology of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and drawings. _ The first picture: is the i-body knot of the human eye funeral instrument # Schematic diagram The second picture: is the first diagram of the array position of the light-emitting diode array The drawing number is simply explained: 1 LED driver circuit 12 Eyepiece frame 2 Light-emitting diode array 13 Measuring human eye 3 First lens 14 Illumination light source 4 First reflector 15 Third lens 5 Transmissive sight 16 Fixed sight 6 Liquid crystal display 17 Fourth lens 7 First beam splitter 18 CCD camera 8 Second mirror 19 Monitoring Device 9 Second beam splitter 20 Infrared light source 10 Second lens 21 Computer control device 11 Third reflector 22 Mouse [Detailed description of the invention] Please refer to "Human eye aberration measuring instrument and measuring method" shown in the first figure The light-emitting diode driving circuit (1) is used to provide a light source to the measurement light path and selectively control lighting of a light-emitting diode in the light-emitting diode array (2). The measuring light path originates from the light emitting diode array (2), passes through the first lens (3), the first reflector (4), the light transmitting hole of the light-transmissive sight (5), the first beam splitter (7), and the second reflection Mirror (8), second beam splitter (9), second lens (10),

406010 V. Description of the invention (9) The third reflector (11) and the eyepiece frame (12) enter the human eye (13). Since the light emitting diode array (2_) is located in the first lens (3), JLf,-cloth one, the light emitted from each light emitting diode is converted into parallel light by the first lens (3). The pupil surface of the measured human eye (1 3) is located on the back focal plane of the lens (1 0). Then the lens (10) condenses the parallel measurement light on the sacral hole surface to realize the light emitting diode array (2). The purpose of conjugating the end plane with the pupil plane of the human eye. When a certain light emitting diode is selectively lit, light will enter the human eye (13) 'from a specific pupil position, thereby realizing the change of the light incident position. The diameter of each light-emitting diode in the light-emitting diode array (2) is preferably 0. Emm, and the number of light-emitting diodes can be determined by the measurement accuracy, and preferably 37, which can be more or less. The focal length of the first lens (3) and the second lens (10) may be the same or different, but the diameter of the end face of the light-emitting diode array (2) and the imaging surface of the eyelet surface of the human eye (1 3) should be maintained at 6 to 8 mm between. The diameter of the light transmission hole on the light transmission target (5) in the measurement optical path can be 0.5 mm, and it is located on the front focal plane of the lens (10), so it can be conjugated to the fundus of the human eye (3). The light-transmissive visual target (5) is located on the liquid crystal display (6). The light-transmissive visual target (5) is perpendicular to the measurement line and can be moved on a two-dimensional plane. s (2ΐ) Controlling the transmission of light Vision II: 丄 Computer control device⑴) also obtained the transmission of light ⑸ When driven as a two-dimensional "m mouse (22), the transmission light is a measure of aberration. Calculation = The displacement of the ideal light spot image is determined by the displacement recorded by the different machine control device (21).

—- ^ 6〇1ϋ V. Description of the invention (10) After conversion to the amount of change in the incident angle, the overall aberration distribution map and no less than 30 items divided by the image of the tomb are analyzed by least square difference analysis ___________ The reference light path light ^ (1 4) is transformed into parallel light by the third lens (1 5) and irradiates the fixed optotype (16). The fixed sight (16) is a transparent film with a zigzag image. The position of the sight (16) is fixed. The ideal light image point is provided by the center of the cross image for measuring aberrations. The subject only needs to use the mouse (2 2) to move the light-transmissive sight (5) to change the incident angle of the incident light at a certain position and move the small bright spot to the center of the cross. The reference light path and the measurement light path are combined by a beam splitter (7). The pupil monitoring light path includes an infrared light source (20), a fourth lens (17), a CCD camera (18), and a monitor (19). The infrared light source (20) is arranged on the eyepiece frame (12). The infrared light source (20) illuminates the pupil of the human eye (13), is reflected by a mirror (11) measuring the optical path, and is imaged by a second lens (丨 0) and a fourth lens (丨 7) on a CgD camera (丨8) On the photosensitive surface, the pupil image cannot be displayed on the display panel of the monitor (丨 9). The countersink surveillance light path enters the total from the beam splitter (9). The beamsplitter (9) adopts the selectivity of all-reflection visible light and full transmission infrared light. The beamsplitter and the CCD camera in the countersink surveillance light path form an integration of focusing and monitoring. Combination structure. During the implementation, in order to make the visual target clear, it can be fixed on a one-dimensional micro-mobile stage (the light direction moves parallel at the same time, and the defocus state of the system is changed by passive.) In addition, it can also be mounted on the eyepiece frame (丨 2). Compensation for the sharpness of the visual mark is achieved to achieve that the reflector (8) and the spectroscope (9) are not shown in the solid picture, so that they can be manually moved continuously within the range of 40 degrees along with the tester by rotating red. The purpose of adjusting the defocus in a wide range is to increase the scope with different focal lengths.

V. Description of the invention (11) Please refer to the second figure, which shows two if-planes in which the end faces of 37 light-emitting diodes are neatly arranged, and the two octagonal planes of the octagon with 11 faces are formed by the lens. The conjugation of the perforated surface by the human eye is formed by removing 3 points at each of the four corners and a total of 12 points in a 7X 7 lattice. The computer control device (2 1) selects each light emitting diode point party through the light emitting diode driving circuit (1). The "human eye aberration measuring instrument and measuring method" of the present invention can be used for laser vision acuity surgery, scientific research on myopia formation, and conventional optometry, and is expected to become a new generation of conventional optometry methods and optometry instruments.

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Claims (1)

-—I— _16. Scope of patent application ------ —____________ 1 · A kind of human eye aberration measuring instrument, white tincture, source 'measurement ... handsome ~ effective, especially diode group _... π 里 尤 源 和The lighting is aligned in a two-dimensional plane array plane. The end faces of each light-emitting diode form a complete light path, a reference light path, and a total light path. The light path system includes a measurement light diode array surface, and the measurement light path includes sequentially located green, The translucent visual target, the first-brother-reflector, and the liquid crystal display on the sensor include the mirror and the second reflection record, which are sequentially located in the lighting, and E1], to test the position of the light path and change the installation. The human shooter ^ optical path system and incident light placement are characterized by the following changes: H computer color setting _ computer control n • The measurement light source is a light emitting diode Λ, which includes a measurement light source and illumination light in a two-dimensional plane. _ The end face of the light-emitting diode is integrated and special. The first-fifth, the vulture includes the light-transmissive visual target on the sequential positioner, the first-figure, the first reflector, and the liquid crystal display. Light source second, = second reflector, see The optical path is fixed, and the total sum is slightly included / the third lens between the first mirror and the second mirror between the solid surface and the second mirror are located at the first incident position between the second reflector and the human eye. The third reflecting mirror; the above mentioned input s, t AI includes the selected pendulum. The light-pole is called a π-step-poor first mirror, the second V-long-lasting mirror and the human eye, and the first incident position is changed. Brother and the third mirror; any of the above-mentioned tube arrays-the light-emitting diode = n lights and measures the incident light incident angle change of the source light-emitting diode-the photodiode drive circuit; the jj sight mark is perpendicular to the light c On the liquid crystal display: the computer control device moves to a two-dimensional plane, and the mouse and the liquid crystal display are connected to the light emitting diode. The scope of the patent: the VV manhole 2 system also includes: Aperture-eye aberration measuring instrument 'wherein 1 光 light green, said total two light μ is located on the other side of the human Λ 曈 first knife light mirror and sequentially on the monitor connected to the sum light path Grade into. Lenses, CCD cameras, and fixed-view targets in the reference optical path of a CCD camera have a human eye aberration measuring instrument, which includes a translucent negative film. . If the scope of patent application: 1ϊ5 406010 6. The scope of patent application · 4 · The human eye aberration measuring instrument as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second beam splitter is a total reflection visible light, full infrared transmission Selective beam splitter for light. 5. The human eye aberration measuring instrument as described in the first item of the patent application scope, wherein the light emitting diode group in the measuring light source is composed of 37 light emitting diodes, and the end faces of the 37 light emitting diodes form a regular octagonal array . 6. The human eye aberration measuring device as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a refractive adjustment device composed of a one-dimensional miniature mobile station and a manual adjustment mechanism that controls the mobile station to move in the direction of light. The second reflecting mirror and the second beam splitter are arranged on the one-dimensional miniature mobile stage. 7. A human eye aberration measurement method, comprising: (1) a computer control device connected with a light emitting diode group driving circuit and a neatly arranged light emitting diode array to form an incident light incident position changing device to selectively light any A diode that changes the incident position of the incident light on the pupil surface point by point in the measuring light path; (2) using a computer control device to connect a mouse and a liquid crystal display to form an incident light incident angle change device that transmits light in the measuring light path The visual mark is associated with the LCD display. Move the mouse to change the position of the transparent visual mark on the LCD, move the transparent hole on the transparent visual mark to the center of the cross image in the reference optical path, and change the incident light on the pupil surface. (3). Record the displacement of the light-transmissive target with a computer control device, calculate the amount of change in the incident angle, and obtain the overall wave aberration map and more than one discrete aberration size by the least square difference analysis method. Page 17