TW400254B - Wear resistant non-stick resin coated substrates - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing a scratch and abrasion resistant surface on unroughened aluminum or stainless steel cookware, for subsequent coating with a nonstick polymer resin, such as a fluoropolymer, in a liquid and/or powder medium. The scratch and abrasion resistant surface consists of a thermally sprayed aluminum or stainless steel; respectively. A metal coated substrate produced by this method and an article subsequently coated with a fluoropolymer surface by this method are also described.

Description

V. Description of the invention (1) A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This application filed the benefit of 60 / 040,868 on March 21, 1997. Mustela sylvestris L. serial number of the invention 诘 Coating = = anti-Γ anti-wear metal layer coated on the metal layer and then: The substrate prepared in this way produces a non-stick surface with a solid τ and long service life. Background of the invention It has long been hoped that the coatings on the metal surface will be better than the patents of the 4 countries (M 叩叩 sai). = = And factory: kg / cm2 pressure, metal materials, including copper, / / road, inscription , Carbon steel and other stainless steel, electric fox mouth sprinkled on steel, copper or metal surface to form a mechanical resistance layer on the substrate "Shi Guo coated on the mechanical resistance layer of 23 _26 micron thick poly four gas Ethylene (ρτ sexual layer has 8-pen hardness, which reveals the manufacture of non-sticky layer anti-wear objects: The patent reveals the preference of stainless steel substrate and low carbon stainless steel as an arc sprayed t wire to form a mechanical resistance layer US Patent 5,462 is improved by forming a non-stick coating of PTFE / perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA) to eliminate rust on the cooking surface, the 711 patent. Both patents require the metal substrate to be formed A roughened mechanical 2 resistant layer is formed before the metal spraying step, and in particular, alumina particles that are detonated on the surface of the substrate are used to produce a surface roughness of 4.5-5.5 microns (177-2 17 micro inches). The mechanical resistance layer formed on this roughened surface has 5-8 The thickness of rice (197-3 15 micro-English pairs) is usually relatively large, resulting in a thickness of 2 to 5.5 micrometers (98 · 2η micro-English leaves) = this paper is not suitable for financial standards (CNS) M specifications ( am97 Gongjun), I-

I -II ---- © pack --- Γ. (Please read the note on the back before filling in this education) '-_ 丁 __'-° m HI -i—-.ς----I- -I- I-A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Non-adhesive layer of the invention description (2) One of the disadvantages of these patented methods is that the surface of the base material is roughened. This The detonation was produced by 75 5® which was sprayed before spray coating; Γ is very difficult and expensive to ride in the environment (Wanfa, especially in the kitchen • high Consumption of compressed air; ^ * ww raw on rotating mechanical parts in the surrounding environment causes increased maintenance costs; (grinding wind-borne dust, which has a rough sand detonation operation in the park area of Hesali standing # Hearing protection for operators; and W "degrees" which need to be used :: Possible treatment for maintenance of coarse sand detonators to be shut down along the line is disclosed in US Patent 5, 〇69,937 (Wall) Not a good substrate for spray cleaning with molten metal: = Please use a specific stainless steel molten metal in the White I Wall, ie, it contains 25 to 35 weight. Chromium 8 to 15% by weight of nickel, most of the iron is to solve this problem. Wall also roughened its substrate before spraying the metal, roughening to form peaks and valleys, and the distance between peaks and valleys ^ 1) to 20 microns (591_787 micro-inch leaves). This very roughening is made coarser by forming brilliant particles on 2 sides of the substrate (straight & 25 i 50 microns (984-1969 1¾ inch)). In addition to the disadvantage that the substrate needs to be roughened, this indication has another disadvantage. In the manufacturing base, the depth (valley) of the roughening is not reliably completely filled with the gas-hydrocarbon polymer layer, even in the case of a liquid dispersion. When coating, a small air bag is left between the valley and the bottom side of the polymer non-adhesive coating. Finally, the paper size guide is used to guide China (谙 Xianmin Min read the back of ii-Ishixiang) Refill this page} --Φ 装 ---: --- Γ. ^ ------ ^ ---------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Explanation (3 < This standing milk and other gases penetrate and expand under heating and cause the coating to separate from the base coating, which presents a non-stick coating failure. Another disadvantage is the difference between nickel and chromium. Caused by the application of the composition's stainless steel, which is caused by: corrosion of the substrate. This corrosion occurs when the substrate is exposed to the electrolyte environment, such as tomato sauce, commercial powder tableware cleaner, etc., electroforming (bimetal) corrosion < Metallurgical phenomenon causes accelerated corrosion of aluminum substrate. This corrosion causes non-sticky coating i to blister, which causes loss and failure of release. This corrosion has even been described in Scoly, as described in Wa 11, μ, u Observed in stainless steel alloys with chromium and increased nickel content. Summary of the Invention The df invention provides a novel method for preparing a metal substrate by applying a thermally sprayed metal layer to a metal substrate, such as a 'cooking container, without first applying the substrate before: Coarsening, for example, blasting of gritty sand and no need to make electric pick rot μs & f 4 corrosion 3 secrets. That is, according to the present invention, the metal base material and the sprayed metal layer 1 have a high and low grain shape. Therefore, the present invention has found a method for adhering a metal-coated sound-dot correction layer on an unroughened metal substrate and eliminating the need for a metal layer and a subordinate substrate or a resin surface.> Τ 4 ^ The effect of tree m is sacrificing non-sticky: two: tree moon face ... Wenliang persistence, even when the substrate is Shao. With: Blue:;: 2 Invention provides a surface for making inscriptions or stainless steel substrates, with -k and f overridden! When the polymer polymer resin is aluminum and when it is used, the stainless steel on the surface of the substrate is made of stainless steel, and the stone containing up to 50% by weight is sprayed without heat. Evening ~ Al-coated metal layer. Further provided is a metal-coated non-precursor substrate with a coating on the surface of 4 ^ Ganzhi substrate, which is formed by thermal spraying of metal. The metal and The base material has the above-mentioned essence. It belongs to the Chinese Standard Soviet Union on the upper scale. --------- φ · Packing --- ^ --- ^ I Order ----------- (闻 First read the back of the page: k means something% and then fill out this page) A7. _____________ B7 V. Description of the invention (^^--_Name leisure "Unroughened" means that the substrate is not blasted with rough sand. The surface therefore please 1 1 smell I read 1 back 1 1 of the is- '1 I meaning 1 | refill Φ Mabenzhuang; 1 = smooth, as if it is given by the manufacturing method used to form the substrate * · The sense of the face is 'that' (丨) is an object embossed from a metal ingot. Dairy piece or (11) a casting such as a kitchen utensil obtained from a mold. Dagger ...: The heat on the unearthed substrate The sprayed metal layer is In order to provide the rough surface of the non-adhesive coating on the metal layer, the present invention provides the ability to control the degree of roughening (surface profile) of the metal layer, so that the resin topcoat cannot be used. The depth of penetration. Metallization. The combination of layers and the close contact between this layer and the bottom side of the non-adhesive resin topcoat and the electroforming compatibility between the metal layer and the base metal provide non-adhesive coatings. Increased wear (life) and its use in metal kitchen utensils, such as spatula, mixer, fork carcass, and even knives, scratch-resistant, crack-resistant, and cut-resistant. In the specific embodiment of the printing method, the spraying conditions that have not been used to coat the unroughened surface of the kitchen 2 to date are required. It is necessary to apply the coating on the surface of the unroughened substrate on the basis of the production line. In another embodiment, the metal substrate and the metal used in the thermal spray application to form a metal layer on the substrate are made of aluminum. Surprisingly, this method can be performed without the formation of alumina. , Its anti-gu · aluminum Adhesion between molten droplets and non-roughened substrate. It is shaped by compressed air on the Slu substrate to guide or spray molten aluminum droplets, such as in the case of arc spraying; it is particularly surprising. Instead of forming on the surface of the droplets The alumina surface layer may cause oxidation of the aluminum substrate, which interferes with the adhesion between the droplet and the substrate. The method of the present invention provides strong adhesion between the droplet and a layer formed on the unroughened aluminum substrate. This strong adhesion is easy Tested by blade across two sides of metal layer under hand pressure, the uncoated substrate leaves scratches, and the presence of an adhesion layer prevents any

A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5 2 Scratches occurred. No oxidation inscription on the surface of the substrate is also easy to find from the surface of the substrate with only metal ㈣ '. There should be no traces of powder appearing in the hand ^ (Shi Xiange read the back side Ύ υ Please fill in this page again for the matters needing attention.) Protect the inscription. The method of the present invention provides the control of roughening of the surface of the unroughened metal of aluminum and other metals in the above-mentioned scratch test: In the case of oxidizable metals, each individual prevents the oxidation of the adhesion of metal droplets to the substrate. == In the embodiment, the present invention provides-seed or not = = surface and then coated with non-stick polymer resin Method, which is applied to the unroughened surface by electroforming compatible metal layer (listed on the museum substrate and stainless on the stainless steel substrate), and then the substrate is electrically German compatibility-Tao ^ cloth and metal layer one ..., 1 ceramic is or metal, spray powder layer. Jinshan, Bureau a coated unroughened inscription or stainless steel substrate, h by heating this metal The surface of the substrate formed by spray spraying on the substrate: there are two, each with a weight of 81 or 50 g of stainless steel Compatible materials belong to the text Γ The metal layer and substrate are electroformed compatible metal or thermal spraying of metal ^ Schematic Figure 1 is a sketch of a typical pad arc spray gun and the sprayed π \ mainly known substrate. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 2 is another specific embodiment of the spray gun of Figure i. Figure 3 is a typical electric coating of a thermally sprayed powder layer on a metal surface with thermally sprayed metal The outline drawing of the slurry spray gun. ~ Moyue detailed description _ Preparation of the surface of the substrate to receive a non-stick polymer coating with increased resistance ^ domain 疋 non-adhesive polymer coating The present invention can be applied to aluminum and stainless steel-based substrate surface) . Such as embossing 8- This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CMS) A4 »(210X297 mm) A7 B7 6 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (aluminum, cast aluminum, stainless steel aluminum, steel Both the substrate of aluminized steel and Wenying can use the present invention. Embossing plates, wire reels, sheets, etc. for baking utensils, baking pans and high-grade kitchen utensils are suitable substrates. Pre-formed (casting), The inner cooking surface of the kitchenware preferably made of aluminum is also a suitable substrate. The aluminum substrate, that is, the t-surface made of aluminum 'cannot be borrowed due to its extensive use and non-adhesive surface and advanced technology. It is better to spray on aluminum to provide a metallized coating, while aluminum-free sandblasting pre-treatment and the accompanying disadvantages of making electroformed corrosive environments. Aluminum substrates include types such as 3003, which is an alloy with a small amount of other metals In particular, 0.6% by weight of Si, 0.05-0.2% by weight of Cu, and} _5 by weight ^ 0 / 〇 of Mg, and 3004, which contains 0.3% by weight of y , 1 ο, 5% by weight of Mη, and 0.8-ΐ · 3% by weight of Mg. Other aluminum alloys can also be used, such as 1350 (0 10% by weight of 80%, 1050% (called 25% by weight), ^ 〇 (4.5-6.0% by weight of Si), 4543 (5.0-7.0% by weight of Si), 4% by weight. 32 (Π · 0-13 · 5 by weight of Si), and 4047, which contain similar amounts. This alloy is made into dry pieces from key blocks, and then embossed into the desired shape ^ 7 Kitchen utensils. The base material of cast inscriptions can also be used. The fabricated inscriptions are generally 4 _, such as weight% 2Si, alloy 413_0 is most commonly used, and Si is 0 °. Each of these inscribed alloys has the required shape, Examples of stainless steels that are widely used for unroughened substrates include the following alloys (the following: 304-18.0-20.0 weight Cr and 8.〇_ 105 weight. / 〇 oxygen) 305- 17.0-19.0% by weight of Cr and 10.5-13% by weight ^ '22.0-24.0% by weight of & and 12.0-15.0% by weight of crime, sis J〇9 ~ 18.0% by weight of Cr and 1 0.0-14 · 0% by weight of Kfi, and 3 17,] s Λ ® * 0 " · 2 0 π renewed% of Cr and 丨 1_〇-15.〇 by weight of Ni. Benyanmingke, „'one by one Do β Λ 蠖 蠖 choose any -9- standard for medium size (21GX297 mm (W come to know first read precautions on the back of hard to fill out this page)

A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (, a large amount of non-shaft alloys. The preferred stainless steel is Putian type, that is, it contains 30 weight!% Of Cr and 4 0% by weight. Compared with stainless steel, it contains 15-30% by weight of Cr and at least 1% by weight of the tongue..... The table for metal substrates that accept molten metal droplets for metal coating ==, Smooth, to some degree, terrain can be cast into a casting base: surfaces, such as concentric rings, to aid in heat distribution when using kitchenware. Even so, the substrate is not roughened (no grit blasting), and casting It is smooth and smooth. 7 < Smooth surface is smooth. The substrate is only treated by inspection cleaning or air detonation to provide the main surface. # 'Remove grease and other debris or objects that may interfere with adhesion. . • The shape of the substrate is made by H_mei, a company called New York, Connecticut. The Hommel T-500 surface roughness tester is used to measure the average microinch. I. Typical dairy products are cleaned to remove grease and cold. After dyeing, the appearance is 16-24 micro-inches (0.41_0.61 micron with shiny surface) The cast misshapen has a rather large surface profile, for example, 1 & 0 to 175 micro inches (2m7) microns). The shiny appearance of the cast inscription surface is tricked into smoothness; although the shine comes from the very seemingly dominating cast inscription surface The low-profile area has enough surface pits in the profile measurement step to give a high surface profile. The method of the present invention provides even this shiny. Surface adhesion without the need for any roughening after the casting operation. Steel The outer shape of the surface changes widely, but it is generally less than 50 micro inches (1.25 micrometers). Typical prior art methods have used techniques such as grit blasting to roughen aluminum and stainless steel to much larger than 100 micro-inches. Leaf (2.5 micron) outside shape 'For example, Tsai Patent Reveals * Coated metal layer (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

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A7 B7 V. Description of invention (8) The minimum thickness of 180 micro-inches (4-5 micrometers), and for some uses of aluminum Chevron is 180-220 micro-inches (4.6-5.6 micrometers). Therefore, the present invention is used to have a size of less than 125 micro-inches (3.13 micrometers) and preferably less than 100 micro-inches (2.5 micrometers), and more preferably less than 50 micro-inches (125 micrometers) and even Stainless steel or aluminum substrates that are shaped outside the range of 5 microinches to 30 microinches (0-13 to 0.76 microns) are particularly useful, with the exception of cast aluminum, as unroughened (cast-like) surfaces can have The high surface profile is as described above. For simplicity, the surface profile of 7F is disclosed without reference to the code Ra, although it is an appropriate code for the determination of these profiles. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs According to the present invention, the surface of the substrate is prepared by coating a metal layer formed on the surface of the substrate by thermally spraying the metal with the surface of the substrate. The metals are electroforming compatible, that is, aluminum on aluminum and stainless steel on stainless steel. Aluminum does not need to contain any silicon. In this case, the aluminum coating on the substrate provides an excellent fixing layer for the non-adhesive topcoat layer on the substrate without the need for rough sand blasting. 25 weight. /. Of Si. As for the amount of silicon in the metal of the coating layer being increased from 0.1% by weight, the hardness of the resulting alloy is also increased to increase the scratch resistance of the non-adhesive resin coating finally formed on the metal layer. At least 0. 10% by weight of indium is silicon. Preferably, the aluminum layer is formed by thermally spraying aluminum containing 0.10-20% by weight of silicon on the surface of the substrate. More preferably, the coating layer on the nozzle contains 5 or 10-23% by weight of silicon. In the case of an aluminum substrate, the silicon content of the aluminum forming the coating on the substrate is preferably from 010% by weight to n% by weight. In order to determine that there is no electroforming effect between the aluminum substrate and the thermally sprayed aluminum, it is preferred that the two metals are electroforming compatible. The silicon content of the metal coating is within 6% by weight of the aluminum content of the aluminum material. In order to exclude the occurrence between the coating and the substrate + -11-This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 '乂, approved by the central government. Printed by the Standards Consumers' Cooperative 5. V. Invention Description (9 A7 B7 Any electroforming effect, which causes corrosion and damage to the substrate. The effect of any non-adhesive coating on the metallographic layer on the substrate. For substrates containing a small amount of silicon-printed inscriptions, such as 3003 and 3004, thermal spraying The layer is preferably an aluminum alloy composition containing 010 s and 丄 'of silicon. For a silicon substrate containing up to 12% by weight of μ < silicon, the thermal sprayed layer is It is best to contain 6% to 17% by weight of broken Mingren gold. The composition of the thermal spray coating conforms to the combination of the metal substrate and the bismuth lambda. It was unexpectedly found that it provides non-consumption, better adhesion of the house floor without the need for coarse sand detonation. Table, why not choose the same or close to the metal substrate thermal spray cleaning composition. For stainless steel substrate, the stainless steel used for thermal spray is the same stainless steel alloy as a certain material. The coating alloy composition should also be used here. It is similar to or close to the substrate composition. The stainless steel alloys 304, 305, 3009, 316, and 3 1 7 are obviously electroformed compatible with each other. As for the stainless steel substrate, Vostian stainless steel is Preferred stainless steel as a thermally sprayed coating. The method of preparing the metal substrate for use in the present invention generally refers to thermal spraying and uses including flame spraying, arc spraying, or plasma guns, and spraying can be one or more Finished by secondary (coating) thermal spraying. Fine wire-forming metal powders are not sprayed (flame or plasma) or arc spraying are known in the art, and have been used commercially for many years. Figure 1 is typical according to the present invention. Sketch of the arc spray gun (10) and the metal substrate (11) to be sprayed. A suitable thin-line arc spray system is manufactured by Tafa Corporation, Concord, New Hampshire, such as the 900 series gun or 88) 0/8835 series (with ArcJetTM accessory ). Two thin lines 02) A gear drive feeder (not shown) is used by the spool to precisely control the metal deposition rate and feed through the feed guide (丨 3). Its electrical activation and precise guidance through the opening (14) (please read the back first; meaning 1 and then fill out this page)

， 1T ’W _ The paper size is suitable for Guanjia County -12- A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention (10) Intersection point (15). Once excited, each thin line is surrounded by an ionization field. When the thin line crosses again, an arc (16) is established and maintained between the thin lines to melt the thin line as it enters the arc. The nozzle (1 7) placed directly after the intersection of the thin lines is detonated by a high-speed oxygen body such as air (mainly S gas) via the electric solitary to the top of the melting thin line to produce aiming and push 4 to the kitchenware substrate (11 (18) is sprayed on the fine metal droplets of fine molten metal to form an anti-scratch and anti-wear layer (19). The spray has a spray angle (20). In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the spraying angle (21) is included to be smaller than that in FIG. 2 to improve the adhesion of the molten metal droplets to the substrate. In FIG. 2, the spray nozzle includes a narrowing of the angle by spraying a conical envelope (22) with a gas, such as air, under a pressure, and guiding the gas through a conical envelope, and spraying the molten metal in contact with the surrounding metal droplets. Although air can be expected to oxidize to form a molten drop of sprayed aluminum, in order to form an oxidized inscription that does not adhere to a smooth substrate, it obviously does not provide improved adhesion of the metal droplets due to the use of secondary air, and thus forms a coating on the substrate. Layer as shown below. The secondary air also provides a smooth surface for the metal. The melted droplets of the 21 '’contact with two air sources, the primary air and the secondary air’ melted droplets are not oxidized to prevent their adhesion to the unroughened substrate. The device made by this selling angle can be obtained from the above 90,000 series or gw / 8835 series guns. An inert gas such as nitrogen or argon can be used instead of the air used for the primary or secondary air, but it is less economical than using air. The settings of the thin-line arc spraying device are as follows: β Arc current: 125 to 750-1000 amps, depending on the device manufacturer, model, and thickness of the required deposit. β arc voltage: 25 to 35-50 volts Min read the note on the back-item f · rewrite this page and print it on the printed page 13- A7 B7 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (11) Spraying distance: 4 to 36 inches, depending on the device manufacturer, model and thickness of the required deposition. * Atomizing air pressure (main air): 50 to 85-150 psi, depending on the device manufacturer, model and thickness of the required deposit. * Secondary air pressure: 75-150 psi • Thin wire diameter: 丨 / 16 inch (1.6 mm) diameter and larger diameter when using high current, for example, when current exceeds 40,000 amps A 2 mm diameter thin wire coated substrate with a production line device having a line speed of at least 100 inches / minute (254 cm / minute) and a line speed of up to 250 inches / minute (635 cm / minute), and such as kitchenware The substrate of the form rotates under the source of molten metal droplets, for example, the electric spray spray, and this rotation is a series of 50 to 100 rpin. The application of the metal layer to the substrate is very dynamic. The time to spray the storm is short and the object moves linearly and rotationally. Generally speaking, the source of the spray of molten metal drops cannot be placed closer than 6 to 20 inches (15.24 to 50.8 cm), which increases the chance of oxidation in the case of drops and negatively affects the chance of adhesion to the substrate. , But still sticking. The source of the molten metal droplets is often no closer than 10 inches (25.4 cm) to the substrate. In the case of arc spraying of molten metal at the base of a production line, it has been found that a combination of Nandian Solitary Current and Nanwang required air pressure is required to produce the required metal coating on the unroughened surface of the substrate. Therefore, a galvanic current of at least 35 amps and a primary air pressure of at least 90 psi are desirable, preferably at least 75 psi, and preferably at least 90 psi using a secondary air step-up combination. In each case 'the gas may be air. Voltage also plays a role, -14- Good paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Badun Luo (210X297 mm) First f matter on the back of tt tt and then print A7 B7 printed by the staff consumer cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Invention Explanation (12 depending on the surface of the base material. • Closed core "stone makes the voltage of volts n. The surface voltage is preferably 27 to 39. The arc current of female nurses provides good adhesion surname-&lt; Such as dry tab H32-34 Volt I orphan pressure and using a lower Kazakh-orphan motor 'for example 3 50-450 ampere, good results. These are better σ ^ ^.. S — good Popular parts can be applied to aluminum and stainless steel substrates and other metals. The main requirements are to cool the door, and the pressure is the same when using a gas other than air. The composition of the coating layer is sprayed by heat M and A are determined by the fine line (12) of the feed ι arc spray gun. In a certain situation, .as., A g /, the combination of the two selected fine lines and the formation of resistance The required composition of the scraped layer is the same as that of the mouth, that is, two kinds of aluminum alloys each containing 12% by weight of Si are selected. ， 田 ，、 果 to produce an anti-scratch layer of an aluminum alloy containing 12% by weight of Si. In other grids τ m, l ^ He 'thin lines of different compositions are fed to the arc spray gun to produce the required The composition, that is, a thin wire of an aluminum alloy containing 12% by weight of S! And a second thin wire containing 6% by weight of an aluminum alloy are co-fed to produce an alloy with a weight equal to 9% by weight on average. The anti-scratch layer of the substrate t is preferably sprayed to cover at least 50% of the exposed surface, and more preferably at least 70% to more than 100%, depending on the required anti-scratch and abrasion resistance of the non-stick coating and The overall appearance of the surface is determined by the appearance. The term "more than 100%" or more than 100% "refers to the application of additional or upper layers of metal or metal alloy to a metal substrate, that is, the substrate receives multiple metal spraying. Finished in a production line with multiple spray stations. The best appearance of the surface after spray spray application is in the range of 160 to 350 micro inches (4 "to 8.9 microns), and at least 25 micro inches (51 microns). Surface Coarse # 装-(Please read the note on the back 1 before filling out this page) Order κ. ^ &Gt; · Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the employee consumer cooperative -15- V. Description of the invention (13 Α7 Β7 The preference for the surface roughness printed by the employee consumer cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, which is not greater than 350 micro-inches, caused the gold layer to be painted on the two tables; ': To be coated: The non-adhesive coating cannot be filled with the coating, when the coating is too deep, even when applied as a liquid, 2: The non-adhesive coating for painting &quot; bridge &quot; Valley, left in the non-adhesive = layer = a small hole between the coatings. The cooking medium passes through the non-adhesive coating: = some valleys are transported by the wind, which swells during heating and causes non-adhesive coating ^ 'In addition When the valley is too deep, the topography of the metal coating is too close to the exposed area of the non-adhesive coating, and then becomes: Abrasion or cutting of the metal plate, so that the metal peak is exposed to the non-adhesive coating. Appearance and non-stick characteristics. A good table for metal coatings :: Application: Enough to fix the terrain of non-adhesive topcoat. When the surface topography of Dugan is also the amount of metal deposited on the substrate, the surface roughness is the same when the surface is increased. J 60 microinches <Surface roughness requires sufficient metal to provide ⑽% of substrate surface coverage. The method for preparing metal surfaces has applicability to aluminum and stainless steel. Use the invention to exclude the prior coarse sand explosion of the boat and any other metal used for the substrate: if necessary, only the surface oil and cores before the application of the thermal sprayed metal should be removed. In general, a surface profile of 5 to 30 microinches (OM to 0% micron) after cleaning is good for scratch resistance and good adhesion of the thermal spray layer. The thermal sprayed layer of the present invention is preferably given a basic hardness higher than that of the soil, which is less than 1 · 4 X ', and is more preferably pulled to 9 V, and ^ local evening 2x &lt; take a small hardness increase. This increased hardness cannot be obtained from normal grit blasting of pure aluminum. ， The adhesion of the metal coating and the substrate. By choosing the parameters usually disclosed above, the current and the main gas power, &amp; get &amp; finger through gold ___-16- Paper Size Appropriate Finance (CNS) Α4 Specifications (210 ^ ¾-- --------- Φpack --- ^ --- ^-order ------, '4. (Please read the notes on the back before filling in i (This page) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14) X is obtained on the substrate by the adhesion shown in the test of whether the powder remains on the surface of the finger ^. The powder is the oxygen money of the non-adhesive substrate. As mentioned above, The good adhesion of the metal empty layer to the substrate is indicated by the scraping of the blade across the metal surface and the traces of any scraping action of the 'scraper without field' indicates good adhesion. = Good adhesion is also tested by using the following disclosure It is expressed on the coated non-stick coating material. The ability to obtain proper adhesion depends on the substrate. Usually, the greater the smoothness, the more amperage of the arc must be Vietnam and Wang Yao. The air pressure must be higher. The use of secondary air results in an improved adhesion and smooth surface in # 定 ampere and Wang Yao $ 2. Air pressure: In the case, the amperage and the primary air (gas) pressure are selected, with or without secondary air (gas), to effectively obtain the adhesion of the metal coating to the substrate. Τ In another embodiment, the preparation is preferably aluminum The surface of the metal substrate is then thermally coated on the unmatured surface by a metal layer known to be electrically compatible with the metal substrate, and then a thermal spray deer compatible with the metal layer and the substrate is electroformed. 'Winter layer' to produce the same surface profile for arc spraying as described above, but not a non-stick polymer resin. The sprayed powder can be ceramic or metal or a mixture thereof, such as (ai) and titanium (Ti) Oxides and metals of the same composition that can be used to thermally coat the metal layer, but are chosen to have increased hardness relative to the underlying layer. Provided as a coated, unroughened substrate, which sprays the metal by heat (the above Ming or stainless steel) on the surface of the substrate has an electroforming compatible coating and a thermally sprayed powder layer that is compatible with the metal layer. Figure 3 is a typical electrical spray used for thermal spraying powder. A sketch of the slurry spray coating system (30) Conformed by Tafa Company of Concord, New Hampshire (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page. ------ &lt; ---- • ....... ------ -17- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (15) Manufacturing, Such as PlazJet® high-production coating system. The warp lines 40 and 42 of the gas module 31 provide the primary and secondary gas (plasma) for thermal ionization, which is used as a heat source to melt and provide in the dual powder feeder (32a, 32b). Metal or ceramic powder. The carrier gas is fed to the powder feeder via line 44 to feed the powder or its mixture to the plasma gun (33). Plasma systems provide controlled temperatures above the melting range of most substances. In the plasma method, a gas or a mixture of primary and secondary gases is passed through an arc generated between a coaxially aligned tungsten cathode (not shown) and a copper anode (not shown). The gas is partially dissociated and a plasma is generated during the heating method. The powder melted into the plasma and the high-speed plasma flow propels it onto the metal-coated substrate (34) as spray 46. Nozzle type, arc current, gas mixture ratio, and gas flow rate control the heat content, temperature, and electric flux and speed. The arc is operated with a direct current from a rectifier power source (35). The high frequency unit (36) overlaps the high frequency voltage on the power line (not shown) of the plasma gun (33) to discharge the arc. The water / cold section module (37) contains a pump to pressurize the cooling water supplied to the gun. The central control console (38) manages the electric power of the arc, the plasma gas, and the flow rate of the cooling water and the order of these components. The main plasma-forming gas is nitrogen or argon. Can be added with secondary gas® or helium to increase heat content and plasma speed. Argon can also be used as a carrier gas for feeding powder to the coating system. Typical settings of the plasma gun include: Current: 300-5 00 Amperes Voltage: 280-480 Volts Main airflow: 400-500 standard cubic feet per hour (scfh) (1 1-14 cubic meters per hour) -18- Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CN5) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) &quot; 衣 ---- I., CSJ-! I.-I- --1---I .....- I I____ A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (16) Secondary airflow: 100-200 scfh (3-6 cubic meters per hour) ) Carrier airflow: 10-24 scfh (0.3-0.8 cubic meters per hour) Powder feed screw speed: 75-3 00 rpm The surface of the substrate prepared by thermally spraying the metal layer according to the present invention can then be used with powder, liquid (aqueous or Solvent) or hybrid system, coating non-stick polymer coating is 'its single coating including non-stick resin, as described in U.S. Patent 4,443,574 (Coq)' or second coating, such as U.S. Patent 18,537 (Vary Et al.) The 'or triple coating, as described in U.S. Patent 4,351,882 (concann). The present invention is suitable for coating non-stick polymer resins such as silicone or many fluoropolymer resins. Suitable silicone coatings are described in U.S. Patents 4,477,517 (Rummel), 4,028,339 (Merrill), and 4,262,043 (Wald), and are incorporated herein by reference. Fluoropolymer non-adhesive coatings that are part of the present invention may include a base coat &apos; one or more intermediate coatings, and / or a top coat. Suitable primers, intermediate coatings and topcoats suitable for use in the present invention are described in U.S. Patents 4,087,394 (Concannon); 5,240,775 (Tannenbaum); 4,180,609 (Vassiliou); 4,1 1 8,53 7 (Vary &amp; Vassiliou ); 4,123,401 (Berghmans &amp;Vary); 4,259,375 (Vassiliou), 5,562,991 (Tannenbaum), and 4,351,882 (Concannon) and 5,250,356 (Batzar); each disclosure is incorporated by reference. One particularly useful fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which provides the highest thermal stability among fluoropolymers. As appropriate, PTFE contains a small amount of comonomer modifier, which improves the film formation force during baking, such as perfluoroolefins. _-19-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 Gongcheng) ) (Please read Jiang Nian's notes before filling out this page) Order --- Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A 7 B7 V. Invention Description (17) Especially hexafluoropropylene (HFP) or Perfluoro (alkyl vinyl) ether (PAVE), especially in which the alkyl group contains 1-5 carbon atoms, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PPVE) is preferred. The amount of the modifier may be insufficient to impart melting manufacturing power to the PTFE, which usually does not exceed about 0.5 mole%. PTFE can have a single melt viscosity, usually about 1 X 109 Pa.s, but if desired, mixtures containing PTFE with different melt viscosities can be used to form the fluoropolymer composition. In one aspect of the present invention, the aeropolymer component is blended with P T F E or replaced by a fusible fluoropolymer. Examples of this melt-manufacturable fluoropolymer include a tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer having one or more of the above-mentioned PTFE-modified co-monomers, but it has a sufficient comonomer content to reduce the melting point to a large amount. Lower than PTFE. Commonly used melt-manufacturable TFE copolymers include FEP (TFE / HFP copolymer) and PFA (TFE / PAVE copolymer). In addition, J is a TFE / PPVE copolymer. The molecular weight of the melt-manufacturable tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is sufficient for film formation and can maintain the mold-like shape for integrity in primer applications. In general, the melt viscosity of FEP and PFA is at least about 1 X 102 Pa.s and the range can be about 60-10 X 103 Pa.s, as measured in accordance with ASTM D-123 8 at 372 X :. The fluoropolymer component used in the present invention may be applied as an aqueous dispersion, or a solvent as a main coating or as a powder. Known techniques include (1) spray application using the conventional atomization method, (2) roller coating using a horizontal transfer roller to mechanically transfer the coating to a flat dish that later forms the shape of a kitchen utensil, (3) use Coil coating of a horizontal 'transfer roller to transfer the coating to a continuous sheet of metal in the form of a coil, (4) curtain coating, in which a flat plate or sheet is conveyed through a vertical curtain or stream of polymer resin, and (5 ) Use powder-only powder coating technology, or liquid and powder-20- (. Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) ▼ Package ·

、 1T: ¾ —!-^ · This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) A7 —-----------__ JB7 V. Description of the invention (18) For example, by electrostatic spray irrigation. In order to apply the conventional three-component fluoropolymer coating ... primer, intermediate layer, topcoat ..., it can be installed using commercial or high-volume low-pressure conventional spraying techniques. Typical atomization pressure ranges for conventional and HVLP settings are between 40 to 2 pS1 and 6 to 10 psi. Use spray point pressure as needed to reliably transfer the coating to the spray gun. A typical setup requires two spray guns for each of the primer and intermediate coating applications, and one for the top coat. Typical film thickness is 0.1 to 0.6 mils (25 to 15 microns) for base coats, 0_3 to 0.8 mils (7.6 to 20 microns) for intermediate coats, and 0 to 3: niilS (7_6 to top coats) To 10 microns). Generally, the primer is first air-dried and the two remaining coatings are applied to each other wet. However, in some cases, all coatings are wet coated and then dried. Non-stick coated kitchenware is hardened in an oven, in which speed and temperature are included to obtain typical baking conditions known in the art. An unroughened substrate for use in the present invention which has been prepared by thermally spraying one or more metal layers on a substrate and top-coated with a non-adhesive coating, is smooth and has preferably less than 50 microinches (1.25 micron) surface profile to promote greater durability, although surface smoothness below 90 or 125 micro inches (3.2 micron) is available. The substrate of the present invention, which has been prepared by thermally spraying one or more metal layers, and thermally spraying powder and non-stick coating on the surface, has a similar + due to the increased hardness of the thermally sprayed powder layer. With slippery surfaces and increased durability, this layer has a higher increased hardness than the thermally sprayed base layer. The substrate which has been prepared by the "thermal spraying" of the present invention and the metal layer and then coated with a non-adhesive polymer resin is suitable for use as kitchen utensils, frying steel, ovens, baking utensils, and utensils. Coated. Other possible uses of the substrate include recorder, iron base plate, -21-This paper size applies to Chinese national standards

Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 __B7 V. Description of Invention (19) Heating plate, shoe mold, snow shovel and stern, ship bottom, chute, conveyor, mold, tool, reaction container, industrial container, etc. experiment method

Atlas Tube Test This test involves exposure of the coated inner surface of a cooking vessel to a boiling 5% salt solution. It was performed for 120 consecutive hours to test the corrosion of the base metal and bimetal coupling (electroforming compatibility). The Atlas · tube has a built-in reflux condenser to keep the concentration of the salt solution constant during the test. In particular, the J-Bubbling Rot Test (S B T) This test involves slow-cooking salt water for one hour and then slow-cooking commercially available tomato sauce and added salt for 2 hours, while fixedly adding water to maintain the height of the dish. After a slow cook cycle, the dishes are washed with water and dipped in a mild dishwashing solution for 21 hours. This cycle is repeated 3 times and then the disc is checked. British Standard Foaming Test (BS 7069) This test involves exposure of the coated inner surface of a cooking vessel to a boiling 10% salt solution. First visually inspect any defects on the surface of the cooking container. The container is filled with saline solution to a height of more than half of the wall. The solution was boiled for 24 hours, during which time water was added as needed to maintain the liquid height within a 15 mm wide band. The 24-hour period can be continuous or include four 6-hour periods. Boiling shoes, container cleaning ^ lost-except for the selection of sticking salt and immediately visual inspection for any defects that did not exist during the first inspection. This test was repeated using dishwasher instead of salt and tested at 70 ± 5 ° C. When no evidence of blistering was seen in the coating, the coated substrate passed these three corrosion resistance tests. Foaming is electroformed corrosion that occurs under the surface of non-adhesive coating-22-This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 0 attack, 1T: k (Please read the back ^ Issue ^ Please fill out this page again) 'Printed by A7. B7 of Zhengong Consumer Cooperative of Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Evidence of Invention (20 evidence. No blistering indicates the electricity between the metal substrate and the thermally sprayed metal layer Casting compatibility. COMMERCIAL LABOUR # Used around commercial kitchens where metal utensils are used on the surface of the kitchenware. Continuous cooking is used. Cooking is done at very high heat, and in some cases, the plastic handle of the test plate is broken and needs replacement. The ΓΑΤΗΑΊΠ ΑΙΗΑΤ test involves a series of high heat (246._274) cooking cycles using common household metal cooking utensils (fork, spatula, stirrer, knife). Compared to the prior commercial kitchenware coating system, the present invention provides the best overall resistance Scraping and anti-destructive properties. Step dish 1-Difficult to insert eggs. Beat whole eggs into 260. -274. (: The middle of the plate 3 omelette for three minutes. Turn over with a metal spatula. Fry the other side for 1 minute. Another flip egg 5 Cut the eggs into 9 equal parts with a knife. Record the temperature. Remove the eggs. (All turning with a spatula should be done at one time.) "ΊΒ. Use 120CC 1B mixture (below). Pour into a frying pan Stir fry with 4 forks in a circular motion. 60 cycles. The fork maintains a 90-degree angle to the frying pan. Remove the eggs from the pan with high pressure hot water. Step 2-Burger and tomato sauce Α. Set the plate to 246 -: 260 ° C. Fry and melt! / 2 burgers for 3 minutes. Turn over with a metal spatula. Cook for 1 minute. Place the burger on the side of the plate. Stir ten times with a metal fork with a "Z" motion on the coated surface. Times, times, z &quot; Ten times. The fork is 90 degree angle. -23- &amp; Paper wave scale applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X; 297 mm) (谙 Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again)

A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21 B. Tomato sauce 2B added with ISO cc (below). Use zigzag action 50 times, stir with the edge of the blender to cook to reduce the volume to _ 丨 / 3. Use contact with South temperature Measure the temperature between the center of the pan and the side wall connecting the handles. 10 cooking cycles are performed in two dishwashing cycles. The first dishwashing is performed at 10 cooking cycles and the second is completed at the end of 10 cooking cycles. . Then complete the AIHAT evaluation. J B mixture 47 0 cc 7] c 2 dozen eggs 120 g salt_ mix in a blender. 2B tomato sauce 945 cc sauce 120 g salt diluted with water to 3. 8 liters of product. Completely mixed. Evaluation: The numerical basis is 0-10.10 is the best. Based on the judgment of experienced users. Example 1 A series of thin wire materials and atomizing gas combinations were investigated, as shown in Table 1, to harden the reaction reactively. Thin line-arc spray coating. Microhardness test (50 g load) on a thick coating (greater than 100% coverage) on a flat J ,, X 3 "(2-5 cm to 7.6 cm) piece. It has less than 50 micro-inches (1) 5 24-wood paper ruler Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) --------------- Order by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs system

7 7 A B V. Description of the invention (22) micrometers) The surface profile of the museum metal substrate cut Liu. Table 1 Microhardness of fine-line material atomizing gas (vhn50) Comment on the pure A1 N / A 49.68 + -3.95 Baseline hardness of pure A1 fine-line material AJ Ar 59.42 + -7.71 VHN is increased by ~ 19.6% from baseline A1 N2 64.26 + -6.03 VHN ratio Baseline increase 29.3% A1 Air — A1 Air + 〇2 (50/50) 67.45 + -5.46 VHN increased 35.7% from baseline A1 Air + 〇2 (60/40) 56.7 + -8.53 VHN increased 14% from baseline A1 〇 2 ~ 70 The most reactive & sprayed A1 coating Al-12% Si Air 146.4 + -12.46 VHN is increased from the baseline by ~ 3x Al / 304 SS Air 249.6 + -38.83 Use 2 different similar thin lines. Hardest coating. 5x VHN of the baseline. From the data in Table 1, three combinations shown in Table 2 were selected for further investigation. Based on the above material / microhardness data, the following frying pan formed from the Ming substrate sample is sprayed on the cooking surface: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Employee Cooperatives, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed table 2 Al-12% Si: 7 Pans @ 60-80% coverage (no grit detonation) Al / 3 04-SS Co-spray: 7 Pans @ 60-80% coverage (no grit detonation) The thin line produced and used to coat the interior of the frying pan for testing-arc spraying -25-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X 297 mm)

A B7 V. Description of the invention (23) The numbers are listed in Table 3. Table 3 Thin Wire-Electrosol · Spray System: Tafa, Inc. 9000-Series (s. ArcJet attachment) Electric current: ~ 125A Arc voltage: ~ 32 V Spraying distance: 4 inches Atomizing gas: Air (from High pressure gas cylinder) Air supply pressure: 150 psi Atomizing air pressure: 50 psi Arc Jet air pressure: 50 psi Speed dX / dt: 85% Stage size:! / 2 Cycles: 2 'Substrate: Embossed A1 3003 Surface preparation of alloy frying pan: &lt; 100% coverage: cleaned with alcohol only Cooling: no thin wire: 1/16 AE Al-12% Si (Tafa, Inc. Type 01A) 1/16 AE 80/20 Ni Cr (Tafa, Inc. Type 06C) 1/16 AE 304-SS (Tafa, Inc. Type 80T) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The following preliminary results were obtained from these tests. Conclusion: «Use 〇2 as atomizing gas, hardness of A1 through thin line-arc spraying -26- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Printed by the Consumers Cooperative of the Central Procurement Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs System-27- A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (24) Increase by 1.2X. «Produces adhesive Al, Al-Si, and A1 + coatings with less than 100% coverage without the need for rough sand to blast the surface of the substrate. * By spraying A1 and 304-SS fine wires together, a coating with a micro hardness of ~ 25 VHN5fiL is obtained. '.1 Ή.,.) Λ.ϋ A sample pan having an internal thermally sprayed metal layer as described in Table 2 was then coated with a three-coat non-adhesive system to the following dry film thickness, including a primer, and Intermediate coating and topcoat: 0.3mils (7.6 microns) primer, 07 (18 microns) mils intermediate coating and 0.3mils (7.6 microns) topcoat. The coating is cured in the oven as follows: 5 minutes above 800 ° F (427 ° F) and a maximum temperature of 815 (435 ° C). Suitable primers, intermediate coatings and topcoats are described in U.S. Patents 4,037,394 (Concannon); 5,240,775 and 5,230,961 (both

Tannenbaum); 4,180,609 (Vassiliou); 4,1 18,537 (Vary and Vassiliou); 4,123,401 (Berghmans and Vary); 4,259,375 (Vassihou) and 4,351,882 (Concannon) and 5,250,356 (Batzar) Medium; each disclosure is incorporated as a reference. Beta test plates with metal layers and top-coated non-adhesive polymer resins undergo one of the series of corrosion and abuse cooking tests described above. The results are as follows: Commercial kitchen use, pans (coated with Al-12% Si) accept commercial kitchen use. After continuous use around a commercial kitchen with metal utensils, there was no visible damage to the internal surface-slightly visible scratches. The coating integrity and non-stick coating can be judged as excellent. Size of this paper 剌 (Please read the back? I-see you before filling out this page)

A7 B7 Economics Printed by Qiu Central Bureau of Standards Consumer Cooperatives V. Invention Description (25 Rush Home Abuse Test (ΑΙΗΑΊΠ Frying Pan (Coated with Al-12% S)) Accepted AIHAT test, the result is normal after the second cycle Slightly visible effects or scratches inside the pans being tested. — Some pans received another 10 cycles with no visible degradation. All coated pans failed in the foaming test, ie, in this test Shi Tingbu, which indicates the electroforming incompatibility of the metal coated with the 3003 substrate. Example 2 · As shown in Table 6, 16 different uses of New Hampshire coconcrd are listed. An example of a thermal spray layer of a spray system 8S35 (with ArcJetTM accessory) manufactured by Tafa Corporation, coated on metal frying pans (丨 0 diameters) with different substrate compositions under different application conditions. Material composition: Rolled / embossed aluminum 3003 (Al-1% Mn-Cu) cast aluminum (AM2% Si) 3 04 stainless steel fine wire alloy (alone or combined):

Al-6% Si Al-12% Si A1 3003 (Al-1% Mn-Cu) A1 3 004 (Al-1% Mn-1% Mg) A1 1350 (99.5% Al) 3 09 stainless steel

Thin wire size (outer diameter): 1.6-2.0 mm Current: 350-650 enamel DC -28 I Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this (Page) ---- Installation ----, 1τ'ί-^ Central Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by employees' consumer cooperatives A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (26) Voltage: 3 2-37 Volts Signed Travel: U0- 200 inches / minute (279-508 cm / minute) As mentioned earlier, the two thin wires are fed into the arc spraying device and activated. In Table 6, if a single alloy composition is not listed, both fine wires have this composition. If two alloys are listed, one fine wire has a first composition and the other fine wire has a second composition. The nozzle directly after the intersection of the thin lines provided the main air at a pressure of 110 psi (except for Example 2_15, where the main air pressure was 70 PS1) to produce a fine metal spray. The packaged and compressed spray orifice provided a secondary air pressure of 94 psi (except for Examples 2_15, where the secondary air pressure was 80 psi). The voltage supply, current, and thin wire size differ as described in Table 6. The production line condition simulation disc is at a distance of 12 to 20 inches (30 · 5 to 51 cm) from the spray nozzle under the metal spray source, and the distance is between u0-2 00 inches / minute (279-508 cm / minute). The speed moves linearly while rotating at a speed of 100 rpm. The surface roughness of the frying pan is from 14 to 125 micro-inch pairs (0.4 to 3.2 microns) and the surface is trimmed (shiny / dull). However, the surface of the frying pan is not roughened and has not been treated in advance. .¾ Solitary current and voltage are also different. A single dish was accepted under metal spray and some were twice. Many discs were tested for microhardness (50 g load) and were relatively unchemicalized and did not sap metal substrates. The arc sprayed discs have an increase in hardness of at least 1 · 4x of unsprayed and unroughened discs. This hardness cannot be obtained only by rough sand blasting. -29- The size of this paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) — ^^ installed ---------- ^ ----- ^ though ------- -(Read the first on the back; ^ Issue ^ Write this page again)-\ — * / 27 / | \ Explain the issue of five A7 B7. The consumer cooperation of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Du printed surface roughness (Ra ) (Micro-inch) Alloy deposition (grams) Rotary speed (RPM) Linear speed (inches / minute) Spray distance (inches) Amperes (amps DC) Arc load volts (volts DC) Thin line type _i Original surface profile (Ra) (micro inches) Surface finishing • Stainless steel (304) * Cast A1 (AH2 Si) * Rolled / embossed (A1 3003) Disc type declaration ►— »〇 bo Η- * t— lo 200 500 U) to Al-12 Si Ο! * dim X NJ H- * 340 ιοο to o 200 500 U &gt; K) Al-12 Si Μ dull X 1〇to to b: — o Η- * ο to ο 400 U) Μ Al-6 Si to Ο dim X to U) to VO to k &gt; to o 200 Μ Ο U) ts) A1 3003 Μ dim X to 厶 289 H- * H— * o Ο Μ 40 ^ A1 1350 Μ ^ dim X to Lti 269 '〇 \ r〇H- * o &gt; —ι ο Μ 400 A1 1350 Μ dim XK) b〇Hk ϊ: h— * h— * o &gt; — * ο Μ 400 Al-6 Si / A1 1350 Μ dim X to &lt; 1 choose 6 I -------- • install_ — (Please read the '^ 意 事 ^ on the reverse side before filling out this page). ¾ The size of this paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0' 乂 297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (28 Economy Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Standards, the Ministry of Standards and Industry * Iren &gt; Jealousy Xu ^ ^ Fei 綷. ** ^ 崎 崎 ^^ yJH 70; 涔 Durin! 80 Surface roughness (Ra) (micro-inch) alloy Sedimentation (grams) Rotary speed (RPM) Linear speed (English leaves / minute) Spraying distance (inches) Amperes (Amps DC) Arc negative, volts (Volts DC) Thin line type Original surface profile (Ra ) (Weiying 忖) Surface finishing * Stainless steel (304). Casting A1 (AJ-12 Si) ❶Rolling / Waste (A1 3003) Disc type 285 ο ο) — * 400 U &gt; N) Αί-6 Si / AJ 3003 χα% X to oo &gt; — »Ό to 〇 H— * 100 (-η ο fo 350 LO Al-3004 * dim X to 'Ο &gt;—( VO 00 &gt; — * 〇1—k 100 1— * ο 400 U) Al-6 Si / A1 1350 6 Dim X 2-10 270 κ &gt; t—Λ ο 200 400 U) A13003 Dim X 2-11) —i \ 〇Ό 〇κ— »ο 1— * 600 U) Al-6 Si Η- * Shiny X 2 -12 236 1—1 b—i ο ο 1—-1 600 Lk) Al-6 Si t— »K) Lr \ Flash X 2-13 * is) one to 100 1— · Ο 550 OJ Al-6 Si * Dim X 2-14 396 CO to ο 200 650 Al-1350 ** 1 Dim X 2-15 300 to 〇1—i ο Η— &gt; ►—Ί Ο 600 OJ 309SS 2-16 (Please read M first (Notes on the back then fill out this page)

This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21 0X is 7 mm) A7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ ------- B7______ V. Description of Invention (29) The test discs of Examples 2-1 to 2-16 were coated with a non-stick polymer resin similar to the multilayer system described in U.S. Patent No. 5,250,356, with a primer of PTFE-PFA reinforced with AGO3, and PTFE reinforced with Al203. -An intermediate coating of PFA, and a PTFE topcoat with a total coating thickness of about i.5 mils (38 microns). Examples 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 underwent AIHAT, Atlas tube, SBT, and British foaming tests. All three examples passed the AYAT test. Of these three examples, 'only Example 2-3 successfully passed three corrosion tests, as shown by no blistering,' it indicates the need to select a thermal spray coating compatible with the substrate as electroforming, as in Examples 2-5 to 9, 2_15 and 2_16. Example 3 Unroughened rolled / embossed aluminum 3003 (Al-1% Mn-Cu) with a 10-inch leaf diameter, a ¾ plate using a thin wire arc spray system 8835 (with Arc Jet attachment) manufactured by Tafa Corporation A1 3 003, the application conditions are similar to Examples 2-4, and the top layer of piazjet @ plasma coating system also manufactured by Tafa Corporation is used to heat the ceramic or metal powder layer. The effect of the hardness of the adhesive resin coating. A 10-inch diameter aluminum (A1_12% Si) uncoarse cast frying pan was thermally sprayed with A1-12 Si using a thin wire arc spraying system 8835 (with ArcjetTM accessory) manufactured by Tafa, with application conditions similar to Example 2_4, and also used The upper layer of the PiazJet @ Plasma Coating System manufactured by Tafa Corporation is thermal sprayed with a ceramic or metal powder layer, which has the effect of increasing the hardness of the substrate and the non-stick resin coating applied thereby. ____ -32- This paper size is suitable for the "if home transfer" (CNS) ^ grid (21QX ^ public ^ I -------- ^ installed --- ^ --- ^ 1 order ----- "糸 ~ N (Please read the notes on the back of Min Xianmin, and then fill out this page). Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ____-__ B7 V. Description of Invention (3〇) Powder:

Al-3% Ti-97% Al203-3% Ti

Al-13% Ti = 87% Al2〇3-i3% Ti blend (50/50) Al-3% Ti / Al-12% Si (blended before feeding) A1-12% Si alloy powder specified combination With application conditions are listed in Table 7. The powder I can be used preferably contains from 60 to 100% of 80% and 20% to 40% by weight of T2O2 to loo% in total. The preferred mixture contains 85 98% human 12% and weight% Ti02 to a total of 100%. The plasma coating device is configured as described above. Nitrogen is the primary gas, hydrogen is the secondary gas, and argon is the carrier gas. The water flow was 7 5 gpm. A double powder feeder with 4 pitches per inch and 3/8 inch screw diameter. The% pressure supply,% / W, gas flow rate, and feed screw speed were changed as described in Table 7. The substrate (fry pan) is located 6 inches from the spray gun. The production line conditions are simulated to move linearly at the rates shown in the table, while rotating at 1000 rpm. Spray in 13-inch increments. Use the surface of four spray trays. The deposition amount of the thermal spray powder is shown in the table. The surface profile of each disc was measured. -33- This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 × 297 mm) (谙 Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page)

V. Description of the invention (31 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs * Al-3 Ti Η 97 AS3-3 TS2 ArnTi = 007 A12〇3_13 Ti〇2 Surface roughness (micro-English pair) Ceramic deposition (g Number) Linear speed (inches / minute) Ar carrier flow (Scfh) Feed screening speed (RPM) Set point (Scfh) Ν2 set foot (S cfh) Amperage (DC Ampere) Voltage supply (DC Volts) Ceramic * Powder * Al-6 Si • Al-12 Si • Al 3003 Arc Jet Coating • Cast Al (Al-12 Si) * Rolled (A1 3003) Disc Box 207 U) 〇200 12/12 100/100 h -* Ο 450 500 373 Al-3 Ti XX u &gt; i 217 K) to 200 12/12 100/100 &gt;-* Ο 450 500 Al-3 Ti XXU) to 439 12.0 200 15/15 100/100 II 300 350 300 Al-12Si XXU) ΰ &gt; 344 16.4 200 15/15 200/200 ΟΟ Ο 465 500 373 Al-13 Ti XXU) 厶 278 11.4 200 12/12 120/120 Η—ι Ο 450 Ο 373 Al-3 Ti XXU) 276 472 12/12 75/75 μ—ι Ο 400 500 354 50 (Al-3 Ti) / 50 (Al-12 Si) XXU) as &gt; 7 -34- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS ) A4 size (210X 29 7mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) B7 V. Description of the invention (32) The microhardness of the test disc (50 g load) and comparison are basically unchemicalized, and the metal substrate is not sprayed. The arc-sprayed and then thermally sprayed powder-coated discs have an increased hardness of at least 2 1X of the unsprayed and unroughened discs. This hardness cannot be obtained only by blasting with coarse sand. The test disc surface from Example 3-1 was coated with a non-stick polymer resin, which was subjected to a series of corrosion and abuse cooking tests. Non-tacky polymers are similarly coated as described in the multi-layer system of U.S. Patent 5,250,356, which has a primer coating of PTFE-PFA reinforced with Al203, an intermediate coating of PTFE-PFA reinforced with Al203, and A PTFE topcoat with a total coating thickness of about 1.5 mils (38 microns). Example 3 -1 Accepted AIHAT and successfully used this abuse cooking test. The above examples show electroforming compatibility. Ceramic powders do not exhibit the problem of electroforming corrosion. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -35- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

ST1 105 5 S 400254 A8 B8 C8 D8 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, applying for a patent I color circle 1. A method for preparing the surface of an unroughened aluminum or stainless steel substrate and then coating it with a non-stick polymer resin A method comprising thermally spraying a metal containing up to 50% by weight of the dream inscription on the surface metal layer when the surface is inscription and when the surface is stainless steel. 2. According to item 1 of the scope of patent application Method, wherein the metal is electrically compatible with the surface. 3. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the silicon content of the aluminum reaches 25% by weight. 4. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application , Wherein the surface is clean before coating the metal layer and has an average surface profile of less than 2.5 microns. 5. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the metal layer has a surface profile of 4.1 to 8.9 microns 6. The method according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the substrate is an inner cooking surface of an aluminum kitchenware. 7. The method according to item 1 of the patent application park, wherein at least one non-stick polymer resin layer is coated In this 8. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the thermal spraying is arc spraying, which comprises feeding a pair of thin wires of the metal to the electrical, so that the thin wires form a molten metal in the electrical system. And contacting the molten metal with a gas flowing through the electrode to convert the molten metal into a spray of molten metal aimed at the substrate to form the coating thereon. 9. According to the scope of the patent application The method according to item 8, wherein the electric current generating the arc is 125 to 1000 amps. 10. The method according to item 9 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the current is 125 to -36- This paper standard is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X297mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this IK). L · © Installation ----- Order --- US 400254 A8 B8 CS D8 VI. Application scope of patent 750 amps.-11 Method according to claim 9 in which the current is at least 350 amps. 12. Method according to claim 8 in which the gas is applied at a pressure of at least 90 psi. 13. According to claim 8 Item method, In addition, the spray is contacted with gas in the surroundings to narrow the spray's included angle, thereby improving the adhesion of the metal droplets to the substrate to form the coating. 14. According to the method of the 13th scope of the patent application, Wherein, the gas including the angle is narrowed and applied at a pressure of at least 75 psi. 15. The method according to item 8 of the application range, wherein the arc is placed at least 6 inches (15-24 cm) from the substrate. 16. According to the method in the patent application No. 8, the metal layer is spray-coated with powder plasma to increase the hardness of the substrate. Π. A method of coating a cooking surface in an aluminum or stainless steel kitchenware, comprising: a. Cleaning the surface without roughening the surface, b. When the surface is aluminum and when the surface is stainless steel, by A metal layer is thermally sprayed up to 50% by weight of silicon to apply the metal layer to the clean surface, and c. At least one non-stick polymer resin layer is applied to the metal layer. 18. The method according to item 17 of the application, wherein the non-sticky polymer resin layer is applied by at least one of powder coating and liquid dispersion coating, and the coating is heated to a temperature sufficient to cure the coating. 19. The method according to item 18 of the application, wherein the non-stick polymer is a fluoropolymer. -37- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page), 1T Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A8 B8 C8 D8 400254 ————- 6. Application for patent scope 20. The method according to item 19 of the scope of patent application, wherein the resin is a kind of fluoropolymer. The outer layer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoro γ as much as possible -------- --- install __ «(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page)埽 二 埽 ', 21. / A kind of metal-coated substrate, which includes: a clean unroughened surface ... or stainless steel substrate; and • is not a coating, which is miscellaneous on the surface and 99% of the surface is claimed to contain 50 weight by thermal spray. _ Form. 22_ The application of the patent No. 2 of the patent scope of the metal A, 、, & suction &lt; substrate, of which ~ &lt; 'full layer covers at least 50% of the surface of the substrate. 23. Based on item 22 of the scope of the patent application, it is a combination of Tu · Shun and w-Yiyi I. The substrate has a surface profile of less than 2-5 microns. Order 24. The metal-coated substrate according to item 21 of the patent application, wherein at least one fluoropolymer resin layer is adhered to the thermally sprayed coating. 25. An article of kitchenware formed from a metal-coated substrate according to item 21 of the application. M 26.2 The metal-coated substrate according to item 21 of the patent application, wherein the green layer has a surface profile of 160 to 350 microinches (4 to 8.97 microns). Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 27. The metal-coated substrate according to item 2 i of the scope of patent application, wherein the silicon content of the aluminum is at least 0.1 0% by weight. 28. The metal-coated substrate according to item 2 of the application, wherein the substrate is cast aluminum having a surface profile of 100 to 175 microinches. -38-