經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 發明之背景 1 .技術範圍 本發明係關於濾水器方面。 2 .以往技藝之說明 產生可攜帶水之水淨化作用常需同時滅除粒狀污染物， 溶解之有機化學物及無機重金屬。.粒狀污染物可包含塵 土，銹 '淤沙及其他顆粒物，以友潛在危險性微生物如抗 氣性原生物胞囊（protozoan cysts)(潛隱擔孢子腸梨形鞭毛 蟲，Cryptosporidium, Giardia)或細菌如霍亂及大腸桿菌（E. coli)。 有機化學物可包括導致味道及氣味之化學物以及有潛在 毒性之殺蟲劑，氯化烴類及其他合成有機化學劑。當消毒 劑之殘餘濃度充分高而導致不良味道時，減除游離氯亦為 一主要目標。家庭用水中發現之最普遍重金屬為來自銅裝 具，含錯焊劑，錯管或其他來源之錯。飲用水中常發現之 其他重金屬為銅，辞，鎂及鐵。 為產生能同時減除此一廣大範圍之污染物之過濾器，不 使用單一吸收及過濾介質，通常為燒結活性之碳粒子之微 孔擠型或模製塊構成。此等裝置能用例如Koslow之美國專 利5,1 89,092及Degen等人之美國專利4,664,683所說明之方 法製成。活性破之配方包含吸收重金屬之沛石，例_如 Engelhard Corporation製造之”ATS"。碳塊以達成適宜減除 微生物之粒子截留方式製成。碳塊一般為具有一軸向通路 或端部至端部貫穿孔之圓柱形。 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----^-----— 媢 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention 1. Technical scope The present invention relates to water filters. 2. Description of previous techniques Water purification for the production of portable water often requires the simultaneous elimination of particulate pollutants, dissolved organic chemicals and inorganic heavy metals. Particulate pollutants can include dust, rust, silt and other particulate matter, and potentially hazardous microorganisms such as gas-tolerant protozoan cysts (Cryptosporidium, Giardia) Or bacteria such as cholera and E. coli. Organic chemicals can include chemicals that cause taste and odor, as well as potentially toxic pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other synthetic organic chemicals. When the residual concentration of the disinfectant is sufficiently high to cause an unpleasant taste, the reduction of free chlorine is also a major goal. The most common heavy metals found in domestic water are faults from copper fixtures, wrong solders, wrong tubes or other sources. Other heavy metals often found in drinking water are copper, iron, magnesium and iron. In order to produce a filter that can simultaneously remove this wide range of pollutants, a single absorption and filter medium is not used, and it is usually composed of a microporous extrusion or molded block of sintered activated carbon particles. Such devices can be made, for example, by methods described in U.S. Patent No. 5,189,092 to Koslow and U.S. Patent No. 4,664,683 to Degen et al. The active broken formula contains pebbles that absorb heavy metals, such as "ATS" produced by Engelhard Corporation. Carbon blocks are made by particle retention methods that are suitable for reducing microorganisms. Carbon blocks generally have an axial path or end to The cylindrical shape of the through hole at the end. -4- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ----- ^ -----— 媢 (Please read the note on the back first (Fill in this page again)
'1T d 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _______B7__^____ 五、發明説明（2 ) 活性碳塊預先結合有達成此等結果之其他元素。Sp〇k〇iny 等人之美國專利5,164,085說明一種裝置，具有包園碳塊之 預過濾介質之一外層，及位於碳塊中心孔之構成最後亞微 細粒遮斷件之一陶磁”棒"。預濾介質提供與較低多孔性 碳塊相數為強之塵土容量，同時陶磁棒為有效之亞微細粒 遮斷件。利用鬆顆粒狀活性碳之類似裝置已在日本出售， 及在活性碳下游用微孔中空纖維作為最後微粒遮斷件。 另外，有複現習用陶磁棒之亞微粒截留及流動阻力之商 業性出售义碳塊。此—產品由κχ Industdes，Lp 〇f CT以商標CERAMIKX出售。此單一介質提供完整範圍之污 染物之同時吸收及截留作用，不需要微孔性陶磁或膜。 此等以往技術係用於有裝配多個構件之空間之標準過濾 器。然而，活性碳塊之中心孔極小時，基本上無安裝最後 微孔遮斷件之能力。即使能安裝一微孔遮斷件，微孔遮斷 件亦小至使過濾器中發生極大壓力降及流速將極受限制， 遠低於合理之消費者之期望。 此等水過濾器以數百萬計之數量出售，用於”自來水管 末端’’（'’end-of-taP")(E〇T)用途。此項用途中，小型過濾器 外殼直接連接於廚房水龍頭，及過濾器安裝於極小外殼 内。同樣，需要小過濾器安裝於”運動用水瓶"内，用2 對從事旅行、背包郊遊、運動等人士提供純化飲用水。= /慮器必須配合於運動用水瓶之瓶口上方部份内，僅有數^ 方寸用於活性過濾裝置。 過濾器之設計極小時，若不犧牲提供亞微粒減除作用及 -5- 本紙張尺度填用中國國家標準（CNS ) a4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂 A7 —_____ —_B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 強力有機及無機物吸收作用之原始目標，壓力降即成為一 臨界性限制條件。例如，以碳塊為基礎之一種高性能Ε〇τ 產品提供3-4/zm粒予之大於99 95%之減除作用及游離氯與 錯之大於98%之減除作用。此一裝置以每分鐘〇 75加侖流 速操作，但顯示大於25 psid之初期壓力降。此項極高壓力 降不僅限制通過濾清器之流量，且亦嚴重限制過濾器之塵 土容量。僅需要小量塵土堵塞其有25 psid初期壓力降之過 濾器。 因此，本發明之一主要目的為提供能滿足現代可攜帶水 過濾器之下列全部條件之系統： 1) 利用具有低初期壓力降之過濾器設計内之一有效過滤 介質，達成高塵土容量； 2) 過濾器内之充分空間，以提供減除氯、味道、氣味、 有機化學物及重金屬之有效吸收劑； 3) 過濾器之充分結構整體性’以承受過濾器完全培塞時 之家庭水壓之壓擠力； 4) 不僅控制較大原生胞囊（3_4以叫且亦控制第三世界各處 普遍存在之其他微生物威脅（霍亂，大腸桿菌）之粒子 喊留能力，及 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 5) 使過濾器保持於市場決定之價格限度内之成本。 自下文之說明及所附”申請專利範圍"將明瞭達成上述條 件之方式。 發明之概要 本發明使碳塊過濾器之中心孔内無潛在空間供微孔遮斷 _6· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210x297公羡) ' A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 件之狀態最佳化。碳塊成為過濾裝置之結構性吸收心體， 及一扁平片之微孔膜包園碳塊。在此位置中，能採用較大 膜片，因碳塊之外表面提供遠較碳塊之細小中心孔為大之 2間。此外’碳塊為膜片之邏輯性結構支架及排水介質， 完全不需要將膜打摺增加表面。 显式之簡單說明 圖1為安裝於過濾器外殼中之根據本發明之過濾器之斷 面圖。 圖2為圖1之過滤器之放大細部斷面圖。 凰_.式主要元件之標號說昍 10 過遽元件 20 環形空間 12 外殼 22 碳塊主體 13 端帽 24 微孔膜片 14 水入口 26 第—層· 16 水出口 28 第二層 18 中心孔 30 擠製網狀層 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裂 實施發明之最佳槿^ 特别參閱圖1 ’圖中顯示安於具進水口 1 4及出水口 1 6之 外设1 2内之根據本發明之過濾元件1 〇。端帽丨3封閉外殼 1 2 ’及藉液態聚合物熱熔液結合於過濾元件1 〇。過濾元 件1 〇之底端同樣結合於外詨丨2之底部。熱熔液用以密封 過滅、元件1 〇之兩端，及亦密封下文說明之膜及預濾介 S。過濾元件1 〇具有中心孔i 8。此外，其外徑小於外殼 1 2之内徑’二者間留有環形空間2〇。外殼及過濾元件構 本紙張尺度適用巾國國家標準（CNS) A4規格（210x297公楚） A7 B7 五、發明说明（5 成可插入自廚房洗盒之過、、由i 巧4水之基本單位内之—可拋棄 筒。水經入口 14進入，充 J诹茱 一 允填裱形空間20 ’徑向通過過濾 (#先閣讀背面之注意事碩再填寫本頁) 兀件1 0，進入中心孔1 8， 及經水出口 1 6脫離。過滤元件 10之主體22可為前述型彳 ^式 < —模製或擠製活性碳塊。目 前所陳述之結構係傳統式。 圖2之細部顯示本發明。如圖中所示，碳塊主體22用微 孔扁平膜片24包纏1發明及所附"中請專利《園|,中使 用之"微孔"一詞係指平均孔度不大於約Ι/zm及生泡點相 當於3/zm之孔度。"膜片"―詞係指具有不超過約〇〇3〇吋 平均厚度之扁平片狀（較佳者）材料。 為保護微孔膜片不被塵土過早堵塞，較佳者包括一或多 層熔液吹送或紡製結合之不織介質之預濾介質可 包纏微孔 -d 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 膜片2 4。此預濾結構物可包括孔結構隨深度而逐漸變細 之材料梯度。此一情況容許在預濾介質之全深度發生塵土 截留作用’及防止僅在預濾結構物之最外方表面形成塵土 塊。例如，圖2顯示具有小孔度計量計之不大於約8 /zm之 平均流動路控之第一層2 6之聚丙婦溶液吹製之過遽介 質。第.一層上為第二層28之具有15 //m平均流動路徑之聚 丙烯紡合過濾介質。此二層以及膜片2 4藉擠製網狀層3 0 保持於竣塊22上。 任水以徑向流動方式通過所產生之裝置，自圓柱形過濾 器外方至碳塊内時，經發現藉適宜選擇構件及材料，，所產 生之裝置具有較相同碳塊單獨操作逵成此等結果低2 0倍 之壓力降。此外，所產生之過濾器具有較高塵土留置容量 8 - 本紙張尺度賴巾ϋ®家縣（CNS ) A4規格（21QX297公资〉 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 且經濟。每一構件能在此多構件系統中分別最佳化，無須 如單獨使用碳塊有時需進行重大折衷。 請 先 閱 讀 背 之 注 意 事 本 頁 為加強膜片成微生物遮斷件之性能，可利用經Fda許可 之殺微生物劑處理之不織預濾介質，例如Aegis EriVironments製造之包括3_三甲氧基-甲矽烷基丙基二甲基 十八燒基铵斑J化物之Aegis Microbe Shield。配置成與膜片 直接接觸時’此一經抗微生物處理之預濾介質殺死膜片所 截留但由於活菌存在度及繁殖而可能最後"成長通過"膜 片之微生物。 訂 為防止下方竣塊之群集現象，抗微生物添加劑可配入碳 塊。此舉防止潛隱性細菌成長’及長期留在過濾、器外殼 時’導致過濾器發出不良味道或氣味。添加抗微生物添加 劑可藉碳表面處理或添加粒狀抗微生物材料而達成。 實例 兩過濾器設計成適於套置於相同之過濾器外殼内。第一 種過濾器僅包含碳塊’第二種過濾器為碳塊-膜片_預濾件 結構。在上述兩設計中，過濾器提供下列性能特性： 1) 在過濾器使用壽命内減除大於99.95%之0.8am粒子； 經濟部中央橾準局員工消費合作社印製 2) 在具有150 ppb沿入流濃度及0.5 GPM之流速之大於24〇 加侖之水，減除大於90%之pH 5.5之可溶鉛； 3) lOOpsid之最小結構整體性； 4) 在具有2 ppm入流濃度之0.5 GPM流速，減除大於95%之 •存離亂， 5) 過滤器之形狀及尺度為2.00”外徑及2,55”長度之直立圓 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 SSTSDS a? B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 柱形。 設計1 :碳塊單獨工作之設計包括吸收鉛沸石及活性碳之 併合物’製成2.0 0 ”外控、1.4 〇 ”内徑中心孔及長度2.5 5 "之 圓柱體。在0_5 GPM(加崙/分鐘）通過此型過濾器之壓力降為 53 psid 〇 設計2 .碳塊·膜片-預遽件之設計包括外徑1 8〇"、中心孔 内徑1. Γ及長度2.55之一碳塊，包含與設計丨相同體積之 吸收弹j.。所選膜片為 Gelman Sciences, Inc. of Ann Arbor, TX製造之0.45 絕對扁平膜片之SUPOR® 450。此膜片為 0_007"厚’及具有以〇·25"搭接包圍碳塊之14_4平方吋之活 性表面。具有用孔度計量計之5从^平均流動路徑之二層 聚丙烯熔吹製成過濾介質及具有15 平均流動路徑之單 獨一層聚丙烯紡合過濾介質包圍此膜片。此等預濾層及膜 片用 Nalle Plastics，Inc. of Austin，TX 生產之擠製網 NALTEX®保持環繞碳塊。在〇 5 GPM通過此過濾器之壓力 降在碳塊為僅4_20 psid及在膜片與預濾介質為〇j psid。此 值較通過提供相同性能之設計1之過濾器之壓力降小十二 (12)倍以上。 相信精於本藝之人士現已明瞭本發明之甚多優點。亦將 明暸可進行甚多變化及修改而不脫離本發明之原則及範 圍。因此，前文之說明應僅視為例示性而非限制性。本發 明僅受下文，，申請專利範圍，，之限制。 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閔讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)'1T d Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 _______ B7 __ ^ ____ 5. Description of the Invention (2) Activated carbon blocks are pre-combined with other elements to achieve these results. U.S. Patent No. 5,164,085 to Spokiny et al. Describes a device having an outer layer of a pre-filter medium of Baoyuan carbon blocks, and a ceramic magnet "rod" located in the central hole of the carbon blocks that constitutes one of the last sub-fine-grain interrupters. Pre-filtration media provides a strong dust capacity with a lower number of phases of porous carbon blocks, while ceramic magnetic rods are effective sub-fine-grain interrupters. Similar devices using loose granular activated carbon have been sold in Japan, and are active in The carbon downstream uses microporous hollow fiber as the final particle interrupter. In addition, there are commercial carbon blocks for the sub-particle retention and flow resistance of the conventional ceramic magnetic rod. This product is branded by κχ Industdes, Lp 〇f CT CERAMIKX is sold. This single medium provides simultaneous absorption and retention of a full range of pollutants without the need for microporous ceramics or membranes. These past technologies are standard filters used in spaces with multiple components. However, the active The center hole of the carbon block is extremely small, which basically does not have the ability to install the last micro-hole interrupter. Even if a micro-hole interrupter can be installed, the micro-hole interrupter is small enough to make the filter Extreme pressure drops and flow rates will be extremely limited, well below the expectations of reasonable consumers. These water filters are sold in millions and are used in "end-of-taP "";) (EO) Use. In this application, the small filter housing is directly connected to the kitchen faucet, and the filter is installed in a very small housing. Similarly, a small filter needs to be installed in the "sports water bottle". Two pairs of people who are engaged in travel, backpacking, sports, etc. provide purified drinking water. = / The filter must fit in the upper part of the bottle mouth of the sports water bottle. Only a few square inches are used for the active filtration device. The filter design is extremely small, if it does not sacrifice submicron particle reduction and -5- this paper size is filled with Chinese National Standard (CNS) a4 specifications (210X297 mm) ( Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-Order A7 —_____ —_B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The original target of strong organic and inorganic absorption, pressure drop becomes a critical limitation. For example, carbon A block-based high-performance E〇τ product provides 3-4 / zm particles with a reduction effect of more than 99 95% and a free chlorine and error reduction effect of more than 98%. This device is 0.75 per minute. Gallon flow rate operation, but shows an initial pressure drop greater than 25 psid. This extremely high pressure drop not only restricts the flow through the filter, but also severely limits the dust capacity of the filter. Only a small amount of dust is required to block it, which has 25 Filter with initial pressure drop of psid. Therefore, one of the main objects of the present invention is to provide a system that can meet all of the following conditions of modern portable water filters: 1) Use one of the filters in the filter design with low initial pressure drop to effectively filter Medium to achieve high dust capacity; 2) sufficient space in the filter to provide an effective absorbent to reduce chlorine, taste, odor, organic chemicals and heavy metals; 3) full structural integrity of the filter to withstand the filter Squeezing force of household water pressure when fully plugged; 4) Not only controls larger primary cysts (3_4) but also controls other microbial threats (cholera, E. coli) that are common throughout the third world. Capacity, and printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5) The cost of keeping the filter within the price limit determined by the market. The description below and the attached "Scope of Patent Application" will clarify the way to achieve the above conditions. Summary of the invention The present invention makes no potential space in the central hole of the carbon block filter for micropores to be interrupted_6 · This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x297 public envy) 'A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ( 4) Optimize the condition of the pieces. The carbon block becomes the structural absorption core of the filtering device, and a flat sheet of microporous membrane wrapped carbon block. In this position, a larger diaphragm can be used because the outer surface of the carbon block provides two smaller center holes that are much larger than the carbon block. In addition, the carbon block is the logical structural support and drainage medium of the membrane, and it is not necessary to fold the membrane to increase the surface. Explicit brief description Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a filter according to the present invention installed in a filter housing. FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of the filter of FIG. 1. FIG. The description of the main components of the __ type is 昍 10 through the element 20 annular space 12 housing 22 carbon block body 13 end cap 24 microporous diaphragm 14 water inlet 26 first layer · 16 water outlet 28 second layer 18 center hole 30 Extruded mesh layer (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order the best hibiscus of the invention implemented by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ Refer to Figure 1 'The figure shows the water inlet 1 The filter element 10 according to the present invention is provided outside the 4 and the water outlet 16 inside 12. The end cap 3 closes the casing 1 2 ′ and is bonded to the filter element 10 by a liquid polymer hot melt. The bottom end of the filter element 10 is also bonded to the bottom of the outer casing 2. The hot melt is used to seal the extinction, both ends of the element 10, and also to seal the membrane and pre-filtration medium S described below. The filter element 10 has a central hole i 8. In addition, the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 12 and an annular space 20 is left therebetween. Housing and filter element paper size Applicable national standard (CNS) A4 size (210x297 cm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (50% can be inserted into the kitchen washing box, and the basic unit is made of water. Inside—can be discarded. The water enters through the inlet 14 and fills the framed space 20 ′. It passes through the filter radially (# 先 阁 读 Note on the back and then fill out this page) Element 10, enter The central hole 18 is separated from the water outlet 16. The main body 22 of the filter element 10 may be the aforementioned type < -molded or extruded activated carbon block. The currently stated structure is the traditional type. Figure 2 of The invention is shown in detail. As shown in the figure, the carbon block body 22 is wrapped with a microporous flat membrane 24. 1 The invention and the attached " patent " Microporous " Refers to a porosity with an average porosity of not more than about 1 / zm and a bubble generation point equivalent to 3 / zm. &Quot; Diaphragm " ―The word refers to a flat sheet-like (compared to (Better) material. To protect the microporous membrane from premature clogging by dust, it is preferred to include one or more layers of melt blowing or spinning The pre-filtering medium of the combined non-woven media can be wrapped with micropores. -D The printed film 2 is printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. This pre-filtration structure may include a material gradient in which the pore structure gradually tapers with depth. This situation allows for dust retention to occur at the full depth of the pre-filtration media and prevents the formation of dust masses only on the outermost surface of the pre-filtration structure. For example, Figure 2 shows that no more than about 8 / The average flow path of zm is controlled by the first layer of polypropylene resin solution blown by 26. The first layer is the second layer 28 of polypropylene spun filter media with an average flow path of 15 // m. This The second layer and the diaphragm 24 are held on the completed block 22 by the extruded mesh layer 30. When any water passes through the generated device in a radial flow from the outside of the cylindrical filter to the inside of the carbon block, it is found By proper selection of components and materials, the resulting device has a pressure drop that is 20 times lower than the result of the same operation of the same carbon block alone. In addition, the filter produced has a higher dust retention capacity 8-paper size Lai Jinϋ® Home County (CNS) A4 Specification 21QX297 public capital> A7 B7 V. Invention description (6) and economical. Each component can be optimized separately in this multi-component system, there is no need to make a major compromise sometimes if you use carbon blocks alone. Please read the back note first This page is designed to enhance the performance of the membrane as a microbial interrupter. Non-woven prefiltration media treated with Fda-approved microbicide can be used, such as 3_trimethoxy-silylpropyldiamine manufactured by Aegis EriVironments. Aegis Microbe Shield for Methyl Stearyl Alkaline Spot J Compound. When configured to be in direct contact with the membrane, this antimicrobial-treated pre-filtration medium kills the microorganisms that are retained by the membrane but may eventually " grow through " the membrane due to the presence and reproduction of live bacteria. Anti-microbial additives can be added to the carbon blocks to prevent clustering underneath. This prevents the growth of latent bacteria 'and long-term retention in the filter and filter casing', which can cause the filter to emit a bad taste or odor. The addition of antimicrobial additives can be achieved by carbon surface treatment or by adding granular antimicrobial materials. Example Two filters are designed to fit inside the same filter housing. The first filter contains only carbon blocks' and the second filter has a carbon block-membrane_pre-filter structure. In the above two designs, the filter provides the following performance characteristics: 1) Removal of 0.8am particles greater than 99.95% over the filter's service life; Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 2) Inflow with 150 ppb along the inflow Concentration and flow rate of 0.5 GPM for water greater than 240 gallons, less than 90% of soluble lead at pH 5.5; 3) 100 psid minimum structural integrity; 4) at 0.5 GPM flow rate with 2 ppm inflow concentration, minus Except for 95% or more, 5) The shape and size of the filter are 2.00 ”outer diameter and 2,55” length upright circle-9- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297) (B) SSTSDS a? B7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (7) Column. Design 1: The design of the carbon block working alone includes the absorption of the combination of lead zeolite and activated carbon ’to make a cylinder of 2.0 0” external control, 1.4 0 ”inner diameter center hole and length 2.5 5 ". The pressure drop through this type of filter at 0_5 GPM (gallons per minute) is 53 psid. Design 2. The design of the carbon block · diaphragm-pre-mold includes an outer diameter of 1 80 and an inner diameter of the center hole 1. Γ And a carbon block with a length of 2.55, containing an absorbent shell j. Of the same volume as the design. The selected diaphragm was a SUPER® 450 0.45 absolute flat diaphragm manufactured by Gelman Sciences, Inc. of Ann Arbor, TX. This diaphragm is 0_007 " thick ' and has an active surface of 14_4 square inches that surrounds the carbon block with a lap of 0.25. Two layers of polypropylene with 5 average flow paths with a porosity meter were melt blown into the filter media and a single layer of polypropylene spun filter media with 15 average flow paths surrounded the membrane. These pre-filtration layers and membranes are held around carbon blocks using NALTEX®, an extruded mesh made by Nalle Plastics, Inc. of Austin, TX. The pressure drop through this filter at 0 5 GPM is only 4-20 psid in carbon blocks and 0j psid in membranes and pre-filtration media. This value is more than twelve (12) times smaller than the pressure drop of a filter 1 that provides the same performance. Those skilled in the art are now aware of the many advantages of this invention. It will also be apparent that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the principles and scope of the invention. Therefore, the foregoing description should be considered only as illustrative and not restrictive. The present invention is limited only by the scope of patent application below. -10- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)