五、發明説明（ί ) Λ7 Β7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印裂 本發明係關於一種離線式不斷電系統，主要係以簡單 之直流/直流轉換器將電池電壓轉換為弦波輸出電壓，並 以能量回收充電器將多餘之不必要能量回收到電池，藉以 提供高品質及高效率之電力供應。 按，不斷電系統（Uninterruptible Power System， 簡稱UPS )是一種交流電源供應器，其可在市電不正常時 瞬間提供交流電供使用，其中，離線式（off-line) UPS 係當市電正常時僅將市電通過其濾波器而直接連到輪出端 ’提供給接在UPS輸出端之負載使用。當市電不正常時（ 電壓過高或過低等），參考第四圖之一種UPS簡單架構， UPS將其内部電池（41)電壓先透過直流/直流轉換器（ DC/DC converter) (42)轉換成較高之DC電壓，再利用 反流器（Inverter) (43)將此較高之DC電壓切換成交 流輸出以提供負載端使用，而此交流輸出係為一種方波的 交流電’然而對於電感性負載（如變壓器、馬達），此種 方波輪出將造成負載之損壞，因此，較高級之UPS皆希望 能提供正弦波輸出’惟必須以極其複雜之電路方可達到此 一目的，相對地亦必須消耗較多能源，因此，如何以簡單 之架構提供一種低耗能及輸出弦波之不斷電系統，便成為 急需解決之課題。 因此，本發明之目的即在於提供一種具弦波輪出及 可回收能量之不斷電系統，其可以簡單之電路結構提供弦 波輸出電壓，並可將多餘之能量回收，故能提供高品質及 高效率之電力供應。 _____ 3 本紙張尺度適用中Ϊ國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格ΰΐ〇Χ297公梦·) " (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝- 訂 -% hi B7 五、發明説明（y) 為使貴審査委員能進一步瞭解本發明之結構'特徵 及其目的，茲附以圖式及詳細說明如后： (一） 圖式部分： 第一圖：係本發明之具弦波輸出及可回收能量之不斷電系 統之結構囷。 第二圖：係本發明之具弦波輸出及可回收能量之不斷電系 統之能量回收充電器之結構圖。 第三圖：係本發明之具弦波輸出及可回收能量之不斷電系 統之電路圖。 第四圖：係習知之不斷電系統之結構囷。 (二） 圖號部分： (11) (42)直流/直流轉換器 (111) 直流/直流控制器 (112) 直流/直流變壓與切換器 (12) 能量回收充電器 （121)充電控制器 (1211) 誤差放大器 (1212) 直流/直流PWM偵測器 經濟部中央榡準局貝工消費合作社印製 n I Hi n n n I - (I I I - I I— T (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (1213) 充電PWM控制器 （122)充電切換與變壓器 (13) (43)反流器 （14)微控制器 (15)輸入濾波器 （16)繼電器 (17) (41)電池 有關本發明之不斷電系統，請先參照第一圊之功能 方塊圖，其主要包括有：直流/直流轉換器（11)、能量 回收充電器（12)、反流器（13)、微控制器（14)、輸 _ _ 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨OX297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作杜印製 Λ7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) ~ 入濾波器（15)、繼電器（16)及電池（17)等構件。其 中’該輸入濾波器（15)係於市電正常時對市電渡波再經 由繼電器（16)輸出電力。該繼電器（16)並可於市電不 正常時切換電力之供應來源。 為於市電不正常時提供適當之電力供應，該直流/直 流轉換器（11)係將電池（17)之電壓轉換成一個弦波形 狀之DC電壓，如此，該反流器（13)可以將此弦波形之 DC電愿直接切換至輸出’而使負載端得到一個正弦波輸 出，而不再需要透過複雜之線路來完成，為達此一目的， 該微控制器（14)需送出一個弦波之參考訊號，以使直流 /直流轉換器（11)跟隨此一參考訊號將其輪出調整為弦 波形狀的DC電壓供給反流器（13)使用，而該直流/直流 轉換器（11)係由一直流/直流控制器（111)及一直流/ 直流變壓與切換器（112)所構成，該直流/直流控制器（ in)可為一調整用脈衝寬度調變器（regulating pulse width modulator) ’其根據微控制器（14)之參考訊號 及直流/直流變壓與切換器（112)之回授電壓以產生兩脈 衝寬度調變訊號（PWM1，PWM2)來控制該直流/直流變壓 與切換器（112)以產生所需之弦波輸出。 又為使UPS保持充電狀態並於供電時回收不必要之 多餘能量，該能量回收充電器（12)於市電正常時將輸出 端之AC電壓轉換成電池之充電電壓，而當市電不正常且 UPS利用内部電池（17)轉換能量輸出時，該能量回收充 電器（12)即可提供能量回收之功能，其工作方式請再參 ——___5___ 本紙張尺度適用巾關家辟（CNS ) ( 21G X297公釐) ' 一 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝. 訂 Λ7 B7 五、發明説明（γ ) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印袈 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 照第一圖’當UPS之負載為電感性負載時，因為輸出電壓 和電流有相位差之問題，造成某些時候輸出電流會回灌到 直流/直流轉換器（11)之輸出，造成該輸出電壓升高， 此時即使該直流/直流控制器（111)沒有輸出PWM訊號， 也會造成該電壓升高而不再像一個弦波電壓，因此能量回 收充電器（12)在此刻必須將此多餘之不希望的能量回收 到電池（17)，再提供給直流/直流轉換器（11)使用， 以增進整體之效率》而該能量回收充電器（12)主要係由 一充電控制器（121)及一充電切換與變壓器（122)所構 成，該充電控制器（121)係根據微控制器（14)之參考 訊號、直流/直流變壓與切換器（112)之回授電壓及直流 /直流控制器（111)之PWM訊號以控制該充電切換與變壓 器（122)將多餘之能量回收至電池（π)。然而，並非 所有時候均可進行能量回收之動作，其動作的條件必須在 :(1)輸出有能量回灌，造成直流/直流輸出電壓上升時 ，及（2)直流/直流變換器（11)沒有pwm訊號時。因此 ’為了偵測此二條件，請參照第二圖之充電控制器（121 )之方塊囷，其包含有一誤差放大器（1211)及一直流/ 直流PWM偵測器（1212)以完成前述之偵測工作。該誤差 放大器（1211)比較直流/直流變換器（11)的輸出電壓 和微控制器（14)之弦波參考訊號，當輸出電壓不正常升 高時，誤差放大器（1211)輸出變大而迫使一充電PWM控 制器（1213 )動作以進行能量回收。而該直流/直流p醫 偵測器（1212)則偵測直流/直流變換器（11)的PWM訊 6 本紙張尺度適财關緖準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0 X297公楚) " ~— 五、發明説明（5* ) 經 濟 部 t 央 標 準 局 負 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 號’當有PWM訊號產生時即表示該直流/直流變換器 )正在動作，此時’該直流/直流PWM偵測器（1212)輸 出之致能（ΕΝΑ)訊號即作動該充電pwm控制器（1213) 來關閉該充電切換與變壓器（122)之充電動作；而當無 PWM訊號產生時再加上誤差放大器（12ιι)輸出增加，表 示目前有回灌之能量’此時該致能（ΕΝΑ)訊號便作動該 充電PWM控制器（1213)來使該充電切換與變愿器（122 )動作以回收多餘能量。 又關於本發明之線路結構方面，該微控制器（14) 、輸入遽波器（15)、繼電器（16)及電池（Η)等均為 既有之元件，不再詳述，而該反流器（13)可由切換電晶 艘構成，該直流/直流轉換器（11)可為任何能做直流電 變換及切換之電路，例如返驰式（Flyback)或推挽式（ Push-pul 1 )電路架構，而該能量回收充電器（丨2)則可 為任何能將交流電轉成直流電之電路，例如返馳式（ Flyback)或降壓式（Buck)電路架構，第三圖顯示本發 明之線路結構之一範例，其中，該反流器（13)係由四组 由微控制器04)所控制之M0S電晶體所構成’該直流/ 直流轉換器〇〇係為一推挽式（Push_pull)之電路架 構，而該能量回收充電器（12)則為一返驰式（_心 )之電路架構。 藉由前述之說明可知，本發明之不斷電系統確能以 簡單之電路提供弦波輸出電壓，並將多餘之不必要能量回 收’而可提供高品質及高效率之電力供應，誠為一具產業 I— I 二―- - - 1.......1 14 I , ; ν.Ί (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、1Τ -____ / 本紙張尺度適财關家縣（⑽）罐格（21{)><297公^· • fn i— · 五、發明説明（石V. Description of the Invention (Λ) Λ7 Β7 Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, the present invention relates to an offline uninterruptible power system, mainly using a simple DC / DC converter to convert the battery voltage into a sine wave output Voltage, and use the energy recovery charger to recover excess unnecessary energy to the battery, thereby providing high quality and efficient power supply. Press, Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) is an AC power supply, which can provide AC power for use when the mains power is abnormal. Off-line UPS is only used when the mains power is normal. The utility power is directly connected to the wheel output terminal through its filter and provided to the load connected to the UPS output terminal. When the mains power is abnormal (voltage is too high or too low, etc.), refer to the simple UPS structure in the fourth figure. The UPS first passes the voltage of its internal battery (41) through the DC / DC converter (42) Convert to a higher DC voltage, and then use an inverter (43) to switch this higher DC voltage to an AC output to provide load-side use, and this AC output is a square-wave AC ' Inductive loads (such as transformers and motors), such a square wave wheel will cause damage to the load. Therefore, higher-level UPSs hope to provide sine wave output, but only by using extremely complicated circuits to achieve this purpose. On the other hand, more energy must be consumed. Therefore, how to provide a continuous power system with low energy consumption and output sine wave with a simple structure has become an urgent problem. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a continuous power system with a sine wave wheel output and recyclable energy, which can provide a sine wave output voltage with a simple circuit structure and recover excess energy, so it can provide high quality And efficient power supply. _____ 3 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 Specification 〇〇297297 Dreams) " (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Binding-Order-% hi B7 V. Description of the invention (y ) In order to enable your review committee to further understand the structure and characteristics of the present invention, the drawings and detailed descriptions are attached as follows: (1) Schematic part: The first figure: the sine wave output and The structure of a renewable energy system. The second figure is a structure diagram of the energy recovery charger of the uninterruptible power system with sine wave output and recyclable energy according to the present invention. The third figure is a circuit diagram of the uninterruptible power system with sine wave output and recoverable energy according to the present invention. The fourth picture: the structure of the conventional uninterruptible power system. (II) Part number: (11) (42) DC / DC converter (111) DC / DC controller (112) DC / DC transformer and switcher (12) Energy recovery charger (121) Charging controller (1211) Error Amplifier (1212) DC / DC PWM Detector Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, printed by I I Hi nnn I-(III-II— T (Please read the notes on the back before filling in This page) (1213) Charge PWM controller (122) Charge switching is related to transformer (13) (43) inverter (14) microcontroller (15) input filter (16) relay (17) (41) battery Please refer to the functional block diagram of the first frame of the uninterruptible power system of the present invention, which mainly includes: DC / DC converter (11), energy recovery charger (12), inverter (13), micro-control (14), output _ _ 4 This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (2 丨 OX297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Standards Department of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) ~ Input filter (15), relay (16), battery (17) and other components. Among them, the input filter (15) The electric power is always output to the mains via the relay (16). The relay (16) can switch the power supply source when the mains is abnormal. To provide an appropriate power supply when the mains is abnormal, the DC / DC converter ( 11) The voltage of the battery (17) is converted into a DC voltage in the shape of a sine wave. In this way, the inverter (13) can directly switch the DC voltage of this sine wave to the output ', so that the load end gets a sine. Wave output, instead of being completed through complicated lines, in order to achieve this purpose, the microcontroller (14) needs to send a reference signal of a sine wave so that the DC / DC converter (11) follows this reference The signal adjusts its output to a sine wave-shaped DC voltage for the inverter (13). The DC / DC converter (11) is composed of a DC / DC controller (111) and a DC / DC transformer. And switch (112), the DC / DC controller (in) can be a regulating pulse width modulator (regulating pulse width modulator) 'based on the reference signal of the microcontroller (14) and DC / DC Transformer and The feedback voltage of the converter (112) generates two pulse width modulation signals (PWM1, PWM2) to control the DC / DC converter and the switch (112) to generate the required sine wave output. In order to maintain the UPS Charging state and recovering unnecessary excess energy during power supply, the energy recovery charger (12) converts the AC voltage at the output terminal to the battery charging voltage when the mains is normal, and when the mains is abnormal and the UPS uses the internal battery (17 ) When converting the energy output, the energy recovery charger (12) can provide the function of energy recovery. Please refer to its working method again. ___5___ This paper size is suitable for towels (CNS) (21G X297 mm). -(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Pack. Order Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (γ) Seal of the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) According to the first picture, when the UPS load is an inductive load, the output voltage and current have a phase difference problem, which causes the output current to be recharged to the output of the DC / DC converter (11) at some times, causing the output The voltage rises, even if the DC / DC controller (111) does not output a PWM signal, it will cause the voltage to rise and no longer look like a sine wave voltage. Therefore, the energy recovery charger (12) must The unwanted energy is recovered to the battery (17) and then provided to the DC / DC converter (11) to improve the overall efficiency. The energy recovery charger (12) is mainly provided by a charging controller (121). ) And a charging switching and transformer (122), the charging controller (121) is based on the reference signal of the microcontroller (14), the DC / DC transformer and the feedback voltage of the switch (112) and the DC / The PWM signal of the DC controller (111) controls the charging switch and the transformer (122) to recover excess energy to the battery (π). However, energy recovery cannot be performed at all times, and the conditions for its operation must be: (1) when the output is recharged, causing the DC / DC output voltage to rise, and (2) the DC / DC converter (11) When there is no pwm signal. Therefore, in order to detect these two conditions, please refer to the block of the charge controller (121) in the second figure. It includes an error amplifier (1211) and a DC / DC PWM detector (1212) to complete the aforementioned detection. Testing work. The error amplifier (1211) compares the output voltage of the DC / DC converter (11) with the sine wave reference signal of the microcontroller (14). When the output voltage is abnormally increased, the output of the error amplifier (1211) becomes large and forces A charging PWM controller (1213) operates for energy recovery. The DC / DC p-detector (1212) detects the PWM signal of the DC / DC converter (11). 6 Paper sizes are suitable for financial standards (CNS) A4 specifications (2 丨 0 X297). ~~ V. Description of the invention (5 *) The Ministry of Economic Affairs t Central Standards Bureau Off-line Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. printed the number 'when a PWM signal is generated, it indicates that the DC / DC converter) is operating, at this time' the DC / DC The enable (EnA) signal output by the PWM detector (1212) activates the charging PWM controller (1213) to turn off the charging switch and the charging action of the transformer (122); and when no PWM signal is generated, an error is added The output of the amplifier (12ιι) increases, indicating that there is currently recharged energy. 'At this time, the enable signal (ENA) will activate the charging PWM controller (1213) to cause the charging switching and transformer (122) to recover excess energy. With regard to the circuit structure of the present invention, the microcontroller (14), the input amplifier (15), the relay (16), and the battery (Η) are all existing components, which will not be described in detail. The converter (13) can be composed of a switching transistor, and the DC / DC converter (11) can be any circuit capable of DC conversion and switching, such as a flyback or push-pul 1 Circuit structure, and the energy recovery charger (丨 2) can be any circuit capable of converting AC to DC, such as a flyback or buck circuit structure. The third figure shows the invention An example of a circuit structure, in which the inverter (13) is composed of four sets of M0S transistors controlled by a microcontroller 04) 'The DC / DC converter 〇〇 is a push-pull (Push_pull ), And the energy recovery charger (12) is a flyback (_heart) circuit structure. As can be seen from the foregoing description, the uninterruptible power system of the present invention can indeed provide a sine wave output voltage with a simple circuit and recover excess unnecessary energy, and can provide high-quality and high-efficiency power supply. Industry I— I II ―---1 ....... 1 14 I,; ν.Ί (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page), 1Τ -____ / This paper is suitable for financial affairs Home county (⑽) tank grid (21 {) > < 297 public ^^ • fn i— · V. Description of invention (石
Λ7 }V 上利用性、新穎性及進步性之發明，應符合專利申請要件 ，爰依法提出申請。 ^^^^1 mt HBf nn HH —^ϋ V 1— —^ϋ —m m n^i —ml—1 *0¾-se (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梂準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐）Λ7} V inventions that are applicable, novel, and progressive should meet the requirements for patent applications, and submit applications in accordance with the law. ^^^^ 1 mt HBf nn HH — ^ ϋ V 1— — ^ ϋ —mmn ^ i —ml—1 * 0¾-se (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Staff Consumption of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the cooperative 8 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)