TW394814B - Thermal engine with improved efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a method and a thermal engine for the conversion of thermal energy (Qextern) into mechanical energy (Wextern), the thermal engine comprising a first thermodynamic cyclic process (steam cyclic process) and a second cyclic process (gas cyclic process), the waste heat (QD) of the first cyclic process being supplied to the second cyclic process and the waste heat (QG) of the second cyclic process being supplied to the first cyclic process.

Description

Λ7,-, --- _____H? 5. Description of the Invention (i) '— The present invention relates to a method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy in a thermal power machine, in which the thermal efficiency of the thermal power machine is increased without changing the upper limit of the cycle process temperature And / or lower bound. In addition, the present invention relates to a thermal power machine performing such a method. The thermodynamic engine is an energy converter. It uses the thermodynamic cycle to convert the supplied thermal energy into shaft work (= kinetic energy). »For this project, the thermal energy is supplied to the working medium inside the power engine at high temperature, and then passed to low temperature after passing through the cycle process. Partial extraction. Ideally, the difference between the amount of heat energy supplied and the amount of extraction corresponds to the shaft work output of the power machine. The thermal efficiency of the cycle of such a power machine is the ratio between the achieved shaft work and the applied main thermal energy. The ratio increases with the difference between the upper and lower limits of the process temperature, and can reach the maximum value of the ideal Carnot power machine. The maximum achievable thermal efficiency of the cyclic process is expressed by Carnot's Law: V = (T0-TU) / T0 where C is the maximum thermal efficiency of the cyclic process, T. Is the upper process temperature limit, and TU is the lower process temperature limit. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs f --------- Installation-(Please read the precautions on the back ^^ Fill this page first). Line · In order to apply the main heat of the unit to the maximum Possibly high shaft work or dynamic monthly b yield, the thermal energy must have the highest possible thermal efficiency. This goal can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the cycle process. To achieve this, according to Carnot's Law, it is necessary to lower the lower temperature limit and / or increase the upper temperature limit. The increase in the upper temperature limit is limited by the thermal stability of the materials used in the heat engine. The lower limit of the temperature is also limited, because in the conventional method of operating a thermodynamic machine, waste heat is dissipated to the environment. The natural limit for the lower limit of the temperature is defined by the ambient temperature of the thermodynamic machine (the second basic law of thermodynamics). Fresh water cooling systems such as this paper are suitable for the size of the paper _ I:. (CNS) A4 size mm) _ 4 ΓΓ: Description of the invention (2) Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

It is used to reduce the lower limit of the wire temperature to close to the off temperature, but it is not good for environmental reasons. 'Consider that rivers and lakes already have heat loads. In addition, the heat is extracted into the air through the nourishing dry cooling tower. It is also known that in order to improve the efficiency of a thermodynamic engine, the waste heat of the process can be reduced by preheating the incoming water with steam from the turbine and increasing the average temperature of the heat input. The upper limit of this method is limited by the fact that if the preheating temperature of the inlet water is too high ', the temperature of the boiler I gas cannot be maintained at its lowest value despite the preheating of the air. In addition, this form of waste heat feedback has its disadvantages because the incoming water is preheated to the maximum temperature of the waste heat. It is also possible to optimize the variables of the cycle process of the power machine with the help of a modern host computer. For example, in the case of a power plant, on-site water vapor and intermediate superheating conditions, the number of preheaters, the efficiency and the release pressure, the size of the condenser and Design, cooling tower design, etc. Having said that, even with these measures, the increase in efficiency is only to a limited extent. Finally, another method for improving the efficiency of a thermodynamic machine includes reducing the energy loss in the absorption and transmission of thermal energy by utilizing a temperature gradient ′ available between the endothermic and heating chains that is as complete as possible in the cyclic process chain. For this purpose, two or more power machines are connected in series, and the waste heat from the previous cycle process is used as heating heat for the subsequent cycle process. This method is used, for example, in modern combined power plants (gas and steam power plants), where the high heat of the combustion process is first used for gas turbines' and then its exhaust gas is used to heat steam power plants. In this way, the energy loss generated by water vapor is reduced, and the thermal gradient existing between the combustion temperature and the surrounding temperature is utilized in several stages. The method of tandem coupling cycle constitutes a patent application US The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) M specification (21〇X 297 mm) 5 (Please read the notes on the back first ^ Fill this page) Packing.-线- V. Description of the invention (3) Λ7 »7 The theme of the printing of 5,437,157 and US 4,428,190 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs each has two serial circulation processes, and AT 327,299 has three serial circulation processes. US 5,437,157 uses the condensing heat of a known steam power plant (working medium water) for gasifying an organic working medium, which produces useful work during the second water vapor cycle. The waste heat of the second cycle process is then discharged to the environment. A similar principle is used in US 4,428,190. The two water vapor cycle process (water and organic working medium) is coupled through an intermediate heat accumulator, which is intended to improve the load distribution of the daytime power plant. AT 327,299 describes the potassium and water vapor cycle process coupling using a third cycle process based on an organic working medium that transfers waste heat from the potassium process to the water process as heating heat. In the examples described, the cyclic processes are substantially separated from each other, and heat is transferred from one process to another through the heat exchanger wall. The disadvantage of series coupling in% process is that each cycle process requires additional heat transfer and energy conversion equipment. In addition, the loss of energy conversion energy increases with the number of cyclic processes coupled in series, because the use of heat exchangers to transfer heat can only maintain a limited temperature difference, and its disadvantage is that the waste heat of the last cyclic process in series must be discharged. To the Zhouyuan environment. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method in which the thermal efficiency of a heat engine can be improved without changing the upper and / or lower limits of the process temperature of the thermal cycle process. The present invention also has an object to provide a heat engine for performing such a method. These objects can be achieved by a method having the characteristics as described in the scope of the patent application and by a heat power machine having the characteristics as described in the scope of the patent application. Related subsidiary items reveal the advantages of the method and heat engine according to the invention

(Please read the note on the back @Fill this page first) Binding. Ordering · Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 ~ -___ »7 Tai, Invention Description (4) ~ ~ Different and better development. In order to understand the present invention, it is important to understand that the thermal efficiency of a thermal power machine is not completely equal to the thermal efficiency of a cyclic process performed inside it. The thermal efficiency of the cyclic process is defined by the ratio of the transfer work and the application of heat during each cycle. In contrast, the thermal efficiency of a thermodynamic engine is defined by the ratio of the transfer work to the applied heat energy over the entire cycle of the cycle. The two efficiencies are equal if and only if the waste heat from the cycle leaves the engine and is transported beyond its system boundaries to its environment. In the case of the conventional thermal power engine, the lower temperature extracted from the cyclic process is discharged to the environment when the individual cycle is completed. In this way, the efficiency of the conventional thermodynamic engine is at the highest equivalent to the efficiency of its thermodynamic force cycle. When all or part of the waste heat in the cycle of the power engine can be applied as the main energy (waste heat cycle), the efficiency of the heat engine is greater than the efficiency of its associated cycle process. In this case, the energy contained in the waste heat of the cyclic process need not be replaced by the new main energy, or only part of it, and the progressive efficiency of the power machine increases with the number of cyclic process cycles performed. This method is shown in Figure 1. Figure 丨 shows the efficiency progress of a thermodynamic machine in which the cyclic process is assumed to operate at 35% thermal efficiency. The exhaust heat is returned to this cycle in several cycles of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% ′ 80% and 100% (waste heat cycle). Without the waste heat feedback (0% curve), the thermodynamic efficiency is equal to the cycle process efficiency. Using waste heat feedback, the efficiency of the thermodynamic engine increases with the number of cycles in the cycle, and gradually approaches the theoretical maximum. Figure 2 shows the same method with a very low efficiency cycle of only 5%. Applicable to this paper size) A4 size (210 × 297 gongchu) 7 -------- ^ II (Please read the note on the back first_fill in this page) Order-line · Economic Standard X Printed by Consumer Cooperatives DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (MH) Even with such poor process efficiency, the efficiency of the heat engine can be greatly increased over a number of cycles. With sufficient effective waste heat feedback, this heat engine can be economically operated using low temperature heating. According to the conventional heat engine Uses a single internal circulation process. It has a phase transition (water vapor turbine, water vapor power engine) or a phase transition without working medium (gas turbine, 0tto engine, diesel engine) during the water vapor cycle. , F star engine, Stering engine, Stanza engine). In the case of conventional thermal power engines, the feedback of waste heat is limited by the fact that the temperature of waste heat is significantly lower than the required heat temperature for the supply of circulating wire. Therefore, Only a small part of the energy contained in the waste heat can be returned to the cyclic process. Knowing the power engine, raising the waste heat temperature to the upper limit of the process temperature requires hot fruit, so that the waste heat energy can be returned. Back to the cycle process. However, the result of the shaft work generated by the first power engine is part of the heat consumption. The economical degree of waste feedback is limited to the conventional thermal power machine according to the prior art. The method of the present invention can now pass internal waste heat feedback. Improve the progressive heat efficiency of the thermodynamic engine without using the shaft work of the conventional heat pump method. The conventional power engine has a single-water vapor cycle process or a single gas cycle process, or a series coupling of the two (gas / water vapor turbine, combustion power engine, Gas and Water Vapor Power Plants The thermal power machine of the present invention has a -water vapor cycle process and -a gas cycle process in each heat power engine, that is, the two cycle processes are performed simultaneously, and they are essentially in the gas phase with each other. The shaft work is generated. The water vapor is circulated ^ The heating heat is extracted by an external heat source, and the waste heat of the water vapor circulation process is used as the coupling gas (please read the precaution on the back first @ fill this page).

.IT This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (21〇χ ^^

I Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6 The heating heat of the printing process of the consumer cooperative of the Central Standard Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The working medium A of the water vapor circulation process is a substance or a mixture of substances, the composition of which has a significantly higher molecular dipole moment Therefore, the component B of the working medium AB is in the gas circulation process, and this component is almost permanent in the gaseous state. During the water vapor cycle, the working medium A is mostly like the conventional water vapor power machine or water vapor turbine. Phase change. The gas circulation process is used for the exhaust gas feedback inside the thermal power machine of the present invention. For the purpose of this project, the waste heat of the water vapor circulation process contained in the expanded working medium eight is actually supplied to the gas circulation process as the heating for generating shaft work. Heat. The gas circulation process also converts part of the waste heat of the water vapor circulation process into shaft work. Its working medium AB (= working medium of the gas circulation process) is the working medium A of the water vapor circulation process and the working medium of the gas circulation process. Of continuous gas component B. Component B is a substance or a mixture of substances, and its composition is divided There is a significantly lower molecular dipole moment than the material composition of the working medium eight from the water vapor cycle process. In the gas circulation process, the working medium AB is regularly adjusted with the gas from the working medium a from the water vapor cycle process. It is extracted again in liquid form. As a result, eighty percent of the components inside AB are periodically changed during the closed cycle of the gas circulation process. The two processes in the gas phase are essentially intertwined for the thermal energy of the substance or substance mixture A and AB in the second cycle process. Direct exchange and condensation of the working medium A. The hot month b exchange is carried out by using elastic materials to explore the movement of Braun molecules between the gas molecules of the two working mediums (the collision frequency is about 1010 per second). At the microscopic level Molecular kinetic energy (specialized in temperature) is used to calculate the statistical probability distribution according to Maxwell's theory. For illustration, pay attention to the amount of gas or liquid atoms or molecules moving and the amount of work (please read the note on the back 1 £; fill out this page)装 ·-线 · -9 Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (7) No suspension and continuous collision with each other. Due to the collision It continuously changes the direction of movement, and the energy also changes the speed. In this way, the speed of all atoms or molecules of a gas or liquid is not equal, but it follows the Maxwell velocity distribution. At the molecular level, temperature and kinetic energy pass through the Bozman constant They are coupled to each other, so the average kinetic energy of the particles (irrespective of rotational energy and swing energy) is E = 3kT / 2. As a result, in the gas phase, not only a certain temperature, but also a temperature range equivalent to the statistical distribution of molecular velocities. The chaotic motion of molecules in groups A and B results in elastic collisions between molecules at different speeds and dipole moments. The slow (= cold) intermolecular collisions in the working medium A with a high molecular dipole moment due to intermolecular forces The result is that the collision partner coagulates, which leads to the formation of larger molecular lattices and eventually droplets. The molecular lattices of substance groups A and B and the collision between fast single molecules cause kinetic energy (= heat) to be eliminated by the heavier droplets. Pass to lighter collision partner times. As a result, the gas phase AB of the gas circulation process is divided into fast (= hot) and slow (= cold) quantified components. "Viewed under a microscope, the phase transition of the working medium A is derived from the substance mixture AB through the gas cycle process of the thermodynamic engine of the present invention. Automatically formed fog is performed. The droplet is then removed from the gas phase of the gas cycle through phase separation using a conserved force field (such as a gravitational field or a centrifugal force field) from the gas phase of the gas cycle process, and is returned to the water vapor cycle process through the inlet pump. In this way, the water vapor of the working medium A is supplied to the gas circulation process in the gas phase, and extracted again in the liquid phase. The heat of the supply gas circulation process is the latent heat of the supplied gaseous quantified component A, which is equivalent to the heat of condensation. The transfer of heat from the water vapor cycle to the gas cycle can be performed by the condensation of the working medium A in the gas cycle. '' The waste heat of the gas circulation process is the heat of liquid phase extraction of the working medium A. Heating -------- install-:-: --- order ------ (please read the note on the back @fill this page first) Γ, 10-Λ7 η 7 V. Description of the invention (8) The difference between the heat extraction and the heat extraction is the maximum shaft work that is produced by the A-condensation process between the process of the water vapor and the gas exchange of the working medium A. As a result, the condensing heat of the water reduction cycle of the heat generator of the present invention can be used for the full and shaft work of the gas cycle (reducing radiant heat). The thermal power machine according to the present invention no longer has 10% waste heat (except radiant heat). Compared with the conventional thermal power machine in this way, the efficiency of the thermal power machine of the present invention increases with the increase in the number and the number of processes, even if the efficiency of the water vapor cycle is not good. According to the invention, the thermodynamic machine according to the present invention is also suitable as an energy conservator using low-temperature heat.

The following combinations of substances are, for example, combinations according to the present invention: The water vapor cycle MΛ gas period m) of the operation of a thermodynamic engine The gasification temperature Guangshang water air 70 ... 300 ° C-carbon oxide air, nitrogen-70 ... 20 ° C ammonia air, nitrogen -40… 70 ° C frozen mixture air, nitrogen-50 ... 0 ° C nitrogen hydrogen -200 ... -150 ° C nitrogen inert gas -200 ...- 150 ° C central standard of the Ministry of Economy The employee's consumer cooperative of the Bureau printed the method of the present invention and the heat engine of the present invention which executes this method will be described later with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing: Figure 1 shows that the heat engine with an initial efficiency of 35% progresses for 20 cycles. Efficiency; Figure 2 shows the 200-cycle efficiency of a thermodynamic machine with an initial efficiency of 5%; Figure 3 shows the water vapor cycle of the coupled gas cycle process according to the present invention. 11 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 (Mm) Λ7 B7 Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

The PV diagram of the ring process J. Fig. 4 shows a representative diagram of the energy flow between the two cycle processes of the thermodynamic machine according to the present invention. Fig. 5 shows a representative diagram of the melamine condensation of the two working media a and AB; The figure shows a detailed representative diagram of the individual functional components of the heat power machine according to the present invention; and FIG. 7 shows a representative diagram of the functional components of the compact heat power machine according to the present invention. Figure 1 shows a hypothetical thermodynamic engine that progresses through 20 cycles of efficiency. The thermal power cycle process has a theoretical efficiency of 35%. The thermal power equipment has the same efficiency but no waste heat is fed back to the circulation process (0% series. If a part of the waste heat released by the circulation process is returned to the thermal power machine, the efficiency of the thermal power machine will slowly increase. For example, 80% waste heat feedback, after 20 cycles The rear heat engine can reach an efficiency of about 70%. Figure 2 illustrates the same situation of a cycle process with an efficiency of only 5%. As shown in Figure 2, the efficiency of the heat engine is increased to about 20%, and the waste heat feedback is 80%. Using waste heat feedback, the efficiency of the thermodynamic engine is about 4 times higher than the efficiency of the cycle process. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the substantially coupled water vapor cycle process (left PV picture) and gas cycle process (right PV picture). The water vapor cycle process is a single process without multiple intermediate superheats. This method is also applied to all other water vapor cycle processes. The water vapor cycle process includes six indicator points D1 to D6. The gas cycle process includes four indicator points⑴ Go to G4. Each step l ·! ------- install-^-: --- order ------ 丨 line (please read the note 1 on the back first and fill in this page)

12 Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (10) The details are as follows: The liquid in the D1-D2 water vapor circulation process is transported from the low pressure to the high pressure through the pump and supplied to the gasifier at high pressure. D2-D3 working medium A is gasified in the gasifier by applying heat (Qt.) At a high pressure, and is converted from a liquid phase to a gas phase. D3-D4 water vapor is superheated. Such superheating is not necessary. In the case where the engine is designed to use low temperature heat, superheat can be removed. D4-D5 water vapor expands with shaft work output until its pressure is equal to the pressure of the mixture during gas circulation. (Note: This point is shown in the hot water vapor zone, but also in the wet water vapor zone). D5-D6 It is known that during the water vapor cycle, this section is the area where the water vapor completely expands to the wet water vapor. However, according to the power machine of the present invention, such a process occurs in a gas circulation process. D6-D1 In the conventional water vapor cycle process, this section is the water vapor cycle. The working medium A changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase and is forced to condense because heat is extracted. The hatched area Qfr () m corresponds to the waste heat of the water vapor cycle. In the case of the method of the present invention, this process also occurs in the gas circulation process. D5-G2 The fully or partially swollen gaseous working medium A is transferred into the gas cycle, and the gaseous working medium a is mixed to the compressed gaseous working medium A B of the gas cycle. Since the working medium A is mixed with the gas mixture AB, the relative humidity of the gas mixture AB is higher than that of the component A. The gas circulation process will be explained from the first stage as follows: G1-G2 gas circulation process adiabatic compression of working medium AB. Results (Please read the note on the back @ Fill this page first) -Packing. Ordering «-Line. The date paper jujube scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 13 Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of Liji Print Λ7 ___R7 V. Description of the invention (11) Causes the pressure and temperature of the medium AB to increase, and the relative humidity to be reduced compared to the substance component A. At point G2, as described in the transition £) 5 _ (} 2, mix the mass of medium A from the water vapor cycle process. G2-G3 Actual mixing process: The amount of gas mixture AB present in the gas cycle process here, so The volume of AB is increased by the mass of the working medium A from the water vapor cycle process, and the relative humidity of the mixture ab is higher than that of the material component A. The mixing process is described with constant pressure, but it is not necessary. This means that the mixing process can also be carried out by changing the pressure. .Mixing is performed by shaft work output. G3-G4 gas mixture is adiabaticly expanded by shaft work output. Here the pressure and temperature of the working medium AB are reduced, and the relative humidity of the gas mixture AB exceeds the saturation limit of its material component A. The molecules of substance a with a high dipole moment condense to form droplets, and the kinetic energy output point of the remaining particles in the gas phase AB. The formation of mist is accompanied by a decrease in the pressure and volume of the residual gas amount AB. The relative humidity of the gas phase ab is increased to 1 relative to the substance A. 〇%. The condensing latent heat of the substance a condensed into the mist is retained in the residual gas amount AB. G4-G1 reduces the volume by extracting the liquid: the mist is in a conserved force field (preferably centrifugal force) ) The residual gas content of the working medium AB is removed through phase separation, and the liquid is returned to the water vapor cycle process. The actual position of points G4 to G1 is very close to 'therefore, the outline of the gas cycle process in the PV diagram is close to a triangle. G4-D1 this step Regarding the liquid working medium a, the material exchange from the gas circulation process to the water vapor circulation process is described. In this way, the liquid amount of the substance A with a high molecular dipole moment extracted from the gas circulation process is supplied to the water vapor circulation process again. China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back first and fill in this page) Packing. Line 14 Printed by the Consumers Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 _________ B7 V. Invention Description (12) The enclosed area of line D-1-2-3-4-5-6-1 is equivalent to the maximum work that can be generated by the water vapor cycle. The enclosed area of line G-1-2-3-4-1 corresponds to the The maximum work produced. Waste heat from the water vapor cycle together with waste gas from working medium A in the water vapor cycle is sent from point D5 to point G2 as the input heat of the gas cycle process; and waste heat of the gas cycle process with condensate It is sent from point G4 to point D1 as the input heat of the water vapor cycle process. Both cycle processes generate waste heat from the workers who supply heat. The combination of the two cycle processes in a single heat engine 'results in the heat engine not emitting any waste heat into the surroundings The environment. Figure 4 shows the energy flow between a steam cycle and a gas cycle in a thermal power machine according to the present invention. The power machine has a two-cycle process, each of which generates shaft work (WD and WG) and waste heat from the supplied heat. (QD and qg). As shown in Figure 4, the heat QexternMQG supplies the water vapor cycle process, and the heat qd supplies the gas cycle process. Due to the fact that the two cycle processes can re-use their individual waste heat streams as heat again, the power machine The external heat flow Qextern can be completely converted into shaft work wextern (except for radiant heat). The possible reason is that fast (= hot) and slow (= cold) particle separation can be performed through the atomic condensation and the conservation of the force field separation through the dipole moment of the actual gas that is used for intermolecular interaction at the microscopic level. Energy transfer between molecules in the gas phase is performed by elastic collisions and is not limited by any directional restrictions. At the molecular level, the kinetic energy (= heat) can be transferred from a heavy and slow (= cold) collision partner to a light and fast (= hot) collision partner during an elastic collision. Because molecular velocity is accepted as a statistical distribution according to Maxwell's law, there are often collision partners that measure temperatures significantly faster or slower than the macroscopic view. It ’s so (please read the notes on the back! ^ Fill in this page) Packing " · * -line_ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) V. Description of invention (l3) Λ7 H7 Gas mixtures printed with large and small dipole moment molecules by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs will inevitably cause high dipole moment molecules to condense when the temperature decreases, which then acts as an elastic collision with smaller dipole moment molecules The heavy collision partner in the medium loses a large amount of kinetic energy (= the temperature drop is forced due to adiabatic expansion (reference stage G3-G4), so slow molecules with large dipole moments must keep sticking to each other and release their kinetic energy to Molecules with a low dipole moment. In fact, the transfer of the condensation heat of the gas phase does not occur between entities at different temperatures, but is instead used for elastic collisions between particles in the Maxwell velocity distribution, and occurs at the molecular level. Transfer, so the second basic law of thermodynamics is observed. This process is illustrated in Figure 5. The left side of Figure 5 shows the Maxwell velocity distribution of a gaseous mixture of two working media A and B. Here Each example specifies the number of molecules with a certain speed u. When cooling, the condensation of the mist is carried out through adiabatic condensation. The mixture of working mediums 8 and 8 contains a decrease in the concentration of working medium A, which continues to retain the gaseous state (Figure 5, upper right). Conversely, the working medium A forms droplets, which can be removed from the gas phase by means of a centrifuge, for example (bottom right of Figure 5). Material exchange occurs only in the two internal circulation processes of the engine and not with the environmental material. Power machines Can be constructed as a closed system, the system boundary only transfers thermal energy and shaft work. Since the power machine does not need to transport waste heat back to the environment, it can use low-temperature thermal energy as a heat source. This requires that the water vapor cycle process have a phase transition temperature lower than the low-temperature heat source temperature. Otherwise, it is low temperature Heat cannot be used as the working medium for the vaporized water vapor cycle. Because the radiation loss is small, if the thermal energy is supplied at a low temperature, the efficiency of the power machine is even better than the application of low temperature heat (please read the precautions on the back first) ^ Fill this page) • Binding and binding Φ line.

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 2 7 ^ ---- H? V. Description of the invention (14); ... ------ --- The heat engine of the present invention can be designed as a piston engine (motor) Or the flow engine (turbine), because the centrifugal force field is better for the separation of the fog, i prefer to use 51. 3Sc because this kind of centrifugal force field is easy to generate for the rotating parts of the turbine. Description will be made with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. Figure 6 shows a system suitable for use in the super hot water vapor cycle process, and Figure 7 shows a compact system that contains only the system components that are absolutely required as a minimum construction. —The figure includes only the functional components of each engine, not its structural design, and the representation of the material flow between the components. As shown in Fig. 6, the thermal power machine according to the present invention includes at least the following components: a gasifier, a steam turbine, a mixing chamber, a gas turbine, a condenser, a centrifuge, and a compressor. The water vapor cycle contains the following components: pump, gasifier, water turbine and condenser. The gas circulation process includes the following components: a gas turbine and a compressor. The material exchange between the two cycles is performed using a mixing chamber and a centrifuge. The consumers of shaft work are compressors, pumps and centrifuges, which are driven by gas turbines and / or steam turbines. At the same time, the steam turbine and / or gas turbine output shaft work to an external consumer. The rolling mill supplies liquid working medium A through a pump, which is gasified at high temperature by heating, and expands in the output of the steam turbine with shaft work. . The exhaust gas of the steam turbine is mixed with the working gas AB in the gas circulation process compressed by the mixing compressor in the mixing chamber, and the gas turbine expands by the shaft work output. The paper size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 male ffy ----- l · —IIΊ—I—IIHI n batch clothing ~~ —7 11 order ^ — I ~ " line (read first Note on the back @ fill this page} ί Λ7 _______R7-one one -------- V. Description of the invention (15). After the turbine, the fog is generated in the condenser. The mist is in the centrifuge by the gas circulation process. The gas phase is removed, and the liquid is supplied to the water vapor cycle through the pump again. Figure 7 contains the functional components of the steam and gas turbines, together with the mixing chamber of the turbine components and the condensers and centrifuges of the condensing centrifuge components. Here, the gas flow of the two-cycle process is taken together into the turbine, and its exhaust gas is separated into two phases in the condensing centrifuge. The pump and compressor transport each fluid back to the circuit. Such a unit can have an extremely compact structure. The heat according to the invention The power engine can be used in high temperature range and low temperature range, but the phase transition temperature of the water vapor cycle is lower than the temperature of the heat source. Since the thermal power machine does not need to exchange any substance with the system environment, it is completely environmentally neutral. At low temperature The range can use substances that cannot be used in the high temperature range due to lack of thermal stability. As a result, it cannot be used for conventional power machines according to the prior art. It becomes feasible by using low temperature heat power machines that do not exchange any substance with the environment. 18 papers Standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) M specifications (2 × 〇χ297 mm)

Claims (1)

if "continuing the month of the sixth, the patent application Fanyuan No. 87118937 patent application amendment scope of the patent application 1 鞴 古 古 妨 妨 · 88 修正 修正 修正 12 12 88 88 88 之 二 1 2 power cycle process and at least-the first The second cycle passes 3 = the method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy in the machine, wherein the waste heat of the first: process is supplied to the second cycle process, and the waste heat of the second cycle is supplied to the loop process, which is characterized by gas one == It is a water vapour ring process, and the second cycle process is a sheet, and the material parent exchange occurs between the gas M ring process and the water vapour cycle process. 2. If the method of the scope of patent application No. 1 is characterized, The first and second cycle processes are performed simultaneously without material exchange with the environment. Order 3. If the method of the scope of the patent application is applied, it is characterized in that the working medium fA is used in the water vapor cycle, which contains a polymer couple. A substance or substance mixture of polar moment 'and a working medium M used in the gas circulation process, which contains a mixture of gaseous medium A and a second component b obtained from the water vapor cycle process, which contains a substance or substance with a low molecular dipole moment 4. The method according to the patent application_item 3, characterized in that the heat energy of the heat power machine is supplied from the outside, preferably used for the working medium A of the process of vaporizing liquid water vapour, and the scope of the patent application is 3 or 4 The method is characterized in that the permeation of the working medium A through the water vapor circulation process involves two types of cyclic processes. 6. The method of applying for item 3 or 4 of the patent scope is characterized by the gas phase of the working medium A in the water vapor circulation process. The gas phase of the working medium AB in the mixed gas circulation process. '-19- This paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) 1984 (210X297) 褒 if "Zhengyue Guangli, Patent Application Park No. 87118937 patent application Patent Scope Amendment 1-鞴 在 古 古-Date of Amendment ·· December 88 'Cheng No. 1 Power cycle process and at least-Second cycle pass 3 = Method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy in the machine, where the first :: The waste heat of the process is supplied to the second cycle process, and the waste heat of the second cycle is supplied to the loop process, which is characterized by the fact that the gas one == is the water vapor still loop process, and the second cycle process is the sheet and the substance Exchange occurs between the air and the water vapor Μ loop process cycle. 2. If the method of the first scope of patent application is applied, it is characterized in that the first and second cycle processes are performed simultaneously without material exchange with the environment. Article 3. If the method according to the scope of the patent application is applied, it is characterized by using a working medium fA in a water vapor cycle, which contains a substance or a mixture of substances with a high molecular dipole moment, and using a working medium M in a gas circulation process, which contains Obtained from the mixture of the gas phase medium A and the second component b from the water vapor cycle process, which contains a substance or a mixture of substances having a low molecular dipole moment. 4. If the method of claiming patent _ item 3 is characterized in that the heat energy of the heat power machine is supplied from the outside, it is preferably used for the working medium A of the vaporized liquid water vapor process. It is characterized in that the working medium A permeates through two types of cyclic processes through the water vapor cycle mounting process. 6. The method for applying item 3 or 4 of the scope of patent application is characterized by the vapor phase of the working phase A of the working medium A of the water vapor cycle process and the gas phase of the working medium AB of the cycle gas working process. '-19- This paper applies Chinese National Standards (CNS), 84th position (210X297 gong), the method of applying for the patent scope V, such as the scope of the patent scope of the application of any of ..., which is characterized by circulating liquid-gas · liquid phase changes The output of shaft work occurs during the water vapor cycle. 8. If the method of claim 3 or 4 is applied, it is characterized by the change in the circulation volume or concentration of the working medium of the water vapor cycle process with respect to the working medium M of the gas cycle process. The output of the shaft work occurs in the gas process. 9. If the method of claim 3 or 4 is applied for patent, it is characterized in that the condensation of the working medium of the water loop process mainly occurs inside and during the expansion period of the working medium AB of the gas circulation process. H). The method according to item 3 or 4 of the scope of the patent application, characterized in that the mist generated by the phase transition of the working medium A in the water evaporation ring process uses a strange force field, preferably the centrifugal force field is separated from the working medium in the gas circulation process, and Once again, the working medium A is supplied with liquid water vapor cycle. For example, the method of claim 3 or 4 in the scope of patent application is characterized in that the working medium A of the water vapor cycle process and the second component B of the gas cycle health agent f ab may exist in the following combinations: n A = water and B = air; A = carbon dioxide and b = air / nitrogen; A = ammonia and B = air / nitrogen; A_ = ice bundle mixture and b = air / nitrogen; A = nitrogen and B = hydrogen; or A = nitrogen and B = inert gas. ^ A thermal power machine for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, which has a number of -20th paper which is applicable from the Chinese National Tomb Standard (CNS) Congmi (210X29 ^^ 7 m —I— l 1__1 mi · 1 * ^ 11 -1 ^^ 1 ml · — In. In. A -¾, 1 f Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page} [Thermodynamic cycle process and at least one second cycle process, the waste heat of the W circle process The second cycle process is supplied, and the waste heat of the second cycle process is supplied to the first cycle process, which is characterized in that the process is a water vapor cycle process, and the second cycle process is a gas cycle process, and the material exchange occurs at Between the gas circulation process and the water vapor circulation process. Ά 13. According to the scope of the patent application! 2, the thermal power machine is characterized in that the thermal power machine contains at least the following functional components, fruit, gasifier, water vapor, turbine 'Mixing chamber, gas turbine' Condenser, centrifuge and compressor M. For example, the thermal power machine in the scope of patent application No. 13 is characterized by the working medium f A of the water vapor circulation process, which is supplied to the gasifier with increased pressure. , Supplied here Thermal energy gasification and expansion in steam turbines: ^ 15 · If the thermal power engine in the scope of patent application No. 13 or 14, is characterized by the compressed working medium of the exhaust gas of the steam turbine in the mixing chamber and the gas mixture ΑB, the expansion of the shaft work in the gas turbine, and through the work: the expansion of the device is adjusted to atomization; and its feature is that the water vapor process medium A is separated by the centrifuge, and is pumped to provide liquid gas = &Amp; is characterized in that the residual gas circulation process of Hyakusuke fAB is re-supplied to the mixing chamber from the centrifuge through the re-shrinking machine. Μ: The thermodynamic machine with the scope of patent application No. 13 or 14, which is characterized by pressure, pump, and Centrifuge is driven by water steam turbine and / or gas turbine A8 B8 C8 D8 Six 'application patent scope 17. If the patent application scope of the thermal power engine of item 13 or 14' is characterized by steam turbine and / or gas turbine output shaft To the external consumer. 18. If the thermal power engine in the scope of patent application No. I3 or 14 is used, it is characterized by a functional component, that is, a steam turbine, a gas turbine and a mixing chamber. 'I.e. turbine; and functional components, i.e. condensers' and the centrifuge combine to form a functional unit, i.e., a condensing centrifuge. 19. For a thermal power machine with a scope of patent application No. 13 or I4, it is characterized by steam process work The phase transition temperature of the medium is lower than the ambient temperature of the thermodynamic m _ knife machine. ΊPlease read the note on the back before filling in this page. J.Pei. Order ·. 丨 竦, Staff Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printing-22- This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm)