TW393630B - Protocol for storage and retrieval of data in an RFID tag which uses objects - Google Patents

Abstract

An RFID tag stores and retrieves data using objects. Each object includes an information field containing intelligence information regarding an item, an identifier code representing the type of intelligence information in the information field, and a size field representing the size of the intelligence information in the information field. An RFID system interrogates an RFID tag by requesting an identifier code is present in the RFID tag, the tag transmits the information field and size field of the object, or the entire object. Plural objects may be stored on a single RFID tag. The objects are stored in the RFID tag in any desired manner. The same RFID system may use RFID tags with different memory management schemes for storing and retrieving objects.

Description

Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative Λ7 —__ B7 V. Description of the invention (1), some backgrounds of the invention can be used to detect and prevent theft from retail establishments and / or other similar libraries Electronic Object Surveillance (EAS) systems, or unauthorized removal of items or goods, have become very popular. Generally, such a security system is a mining security tag that is fixed on or attached to an item (or its packaging). 'This item is usually accessible to potential customers or facility users at will, so it is easily accessible. Take it away without permission. Generally, such EAS systems are used to detect the presence (or absence) of a security tag and therefore a protected item in a monitored security area or detection area. In most cases, the above-mentioned detection area is located at the exit or entrance of the facility, or around a part of the facility. • A widely spread type of EAS system uses a security tag that includes its own, small, usually planar, printed circuit that resonates with a predetermined detection within a detection frequency range Under frequency. A transmitter that is also modulated at the detection frequency is used to send electromagnetic energy or an interrogation signal 'into the above-mentioned detection area. A receiver modulated at the detection frequency is located near the detection area. Generally, the transmitter and a transmitter antenna are located on one side of an exit or aisle, and the receiver and a receiver antenna are located on the other side of the exit or aisle, leaving one to leave the facility. People must pass between the antennas of these transmitters and receivers. When an article with a security tag is entering or passing through the detection area, the security tag will be exposed to the energy sent above (the security tag is questioned), so that the resonant circuit of the security tag Resonance is generated and an output signal is provided which can be detected by the receiver. This output is the National Standard for National Standards (CNS) in Japan. (21〇 > < 297 公 楚 1 " --- -4-(Please read the notice on the back before filling out this page } Loading ·

'1T A7 B7 5. Invention description (2)-The signal detected by the receiver will indicate that there is an item with a security label in the detection area, and the receiver will activate an alarm bell, Warn appropriate security personnel or other staff. The existing EAS systems of the above and other types have proven to be very effective in preventing theft of unauthorized items. The above types of security labels used in a particular store or interlocking store are usually the same. Therefore, all items with security tags, regardless of their size and value, will return the same signal to the receiver. Recently, passive resonance security signage has been developed that can return a unique or semi-unique identification code. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,446,447 (Carney et al.), 5,430,441 (Bickley et al.), And 5,347,263 (Carrou et • al.) Disclose three examples of such security labels. These security tags usually include an integrated circuit that generates the identification code described above. This "smart" security tag can provide additional information about the item that can be detected in the interrogator area. These smart security tags can usually send some signals in the radio frequency range, and in this technology, they are known as “radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, or smart security tags”. These RFID tags are used in RFID systems. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read Ji's notice on the back before filling this page) To minimize the cost of RFID tags, it is generally desirable that the manufacturing cost of the tags themselves be low. In many applications, these labels will not be reused, so the cost of labeling items must take into account the entire cost of the label. One problem to reduce the manufacturing cost of RFID tags is that the RFID system currently used, regardless of the application of the tag, must rely on a tag with a specific memory configuration. ^ Often will create the "paper size of the memory space, paper towels, standard household (CNS), A4 secret (2! 〇 > < 297 Gongchu Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Standards Bureau, staff consumer cooperatives, India Λ7 '2- -----B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Waste and / or unnecessary complexity of memory configuration. The actual data stored in a collection will depend on its specific application. For example, 5, —A label attached to an edible product may store information about personal injury and freshness', while a label attached to an electronic product may store only product identification information such as similar models and / or serial numbers. Wide range of different labels The potential applications make it difficult to design a separate access mechanism for — RFI0 tags to effectively operate in different applications. Some practical, promising memory configurations, with their shortcomings It will be explained as follows: Pre-configured memory: the memory location of its tag is strictly configured in advance. That is, each bit of data storage is configured as a specific function. For example, in the first 1 of National Patent No. 5,469,363 (Salilga) 'The tag has a memory that is segmented into a predetermined byte string. Each group of bytes can perform a different function (for example, lock code, identification, Tracking). Because these memory locations are strictly configured in advance, in an application that may require different types of information, this tag cannot be used. And, if some pre-configured functions are no longer needed, However, it still needs to provide a memory section for these unused functions. Directory configuration memory: It can simulate the memory structure of a computer's hard disk drive, where a directory can store each stored in the standard memory The location and identification code of the information section in the body, plus the location of their unallocated memory. When new information needs to be written to the memory, this new information will be written to them Appropriate location. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) U ^ ^ 衣 Private clothing-(Please read the & notice on the back before filling this page) Order. '· -1 I a ^ i —ί-. -6-% I Λ7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (4) The inherent limitation of using this type of memory configuration strategy in RFID tags is execution-transaction processing (that is, access-tagging) The number of required information bits is relatively large. For example, before the position and / or content of the specific desired information stored in the hidden memory Zhao is read and written, the interrogator must first be sold. The entire contents of the above catalogues. For tags with a large amount of memory, the catalogue information itself will be much larger than the size of the information you want to read or write. In these RFm tagging systems and Especially in the case where there are many tags in the read or write area of the interrogator, the above-mentioned transaction processing, the large number of bits required will be limited to the tags that can be accessed per unit time. number. As the government agencies that configure radio frequency bands, as determined by the Federal Communications Commission (Fcc), or as determined by the needs of the system architecture, only selected 2RF channels can be used in RFID systems. There will also be speed and rate restrictions on the transfer of information. Another inherent limitation of using the directory g memory strategy in an RFID tag is that when tag information needs to be restricted, its access is difficult to restrict. In smart labels for retail and rental operations, it is necessary to store information about tagged items that are expected to be close to the limit. The proximity of certain stored information will prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the information described above or which may be used for illegal purposes. For example, information may be stored on a label to indicate its current ownership of the tagged item (for example, the item is owned by the store, or the item is sold and owned by the customer). If an unscrupulous person is able to access the information, their ownership information can be changed, or their ownership information may be changed from a paper-size application of Si (CNS) to this page. Packing 1 Ding consumer cooperation of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Du Yinli Λ7 ------------ B7 V. Description of the invention (5), ~ ~ 'The legally sold items are extracted and Store in other similar unsold items owned by the retailer. Then, these unsold items can be taken away from the retailer without payment, without causing the &] 10 system to generate an alert. The labels associated with these items will contain They have also been sold information. A directory configuration memory strategy does not have an effective way to restrict access to information. Even if there is a strategy that can hide directory items, this strategy has a natural weakness, which is the result of any feature of these strategies that can be directly accessed by any part of these memories. Its directory stores information about the location of all information blocks containing hidden directory entries. People can find out their hidden items by simply finding out such locations. It is quite easy to read all the memory locations in the tag, and to use the unhidden directory 胄 m to get to the inner valley of the hidden information contained in the mosquito tag collection. Other existing strategies can limit access to stored information. For example, S can use a locked key code mechanism. Among them, to access information, a certain type (key code) is required to unlock the "password ·" of the access door. This strategy will be frustrated if it uses smart tags. As long as a thief monitors the transaction processing between their tag and the interrogator at the point of sale, they can determine the password that can be accessed =-specific information block. In addition, if the key-lock mechanism is used, it will be necessary to include additional electronic circuits on its smart label to ensure that the location of the memory protected by the password cannot be read except after the password has been given. . This additional electronic circuit will increase the cost and complexity of its standard "This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (.J. I 1 1«. · · L -------- -^ 装 —— (Please read the | .. * Jiang Yi Matters on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Central Procurement Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (ό Available: Huyi Smart Information on the label. Encryption method ρ provides better security than password key code lines. Encryption method uses mathematical techniques 2 'It is difficult to decode in a way without key codes, and the information is rewritten like encryption method ... With regard to the RFID system, it will choose-specific encryption: structure, and use it for some or all information to pass between the tag and the interrogator. The problem with this method is that 'its encryption mechanism will eventually be known 'Thus will become useless over time. Another encryption method involves the use of one or more outliers to dynamically set it as its encryption tool. This method is traditionally used for applications that require extremely high levels of encryption. Degree of security smart card "unfortunately, data plus Encrypted and decrypted electronic circuits are very expensive, so they are used in 'disposable smart tags'. They are practical. There is another encryption method, or the aforementioned directory system can be used to store Canadian data in memory. However, this method also has its shortcomings. Covering encrypted data will take many bits than unencrypted data. Therefore, this method also has a negative impact on the cost and complexity of its label. Ministry of Economic Affairs Although the Central Printing and Labelling Bureau's consumer co-operative printing club has a wide range of technologies, it can be used to store information in the memory of RFID tags, so that it can protect the information from being read by unauthorized persons or not. Under abnormal changes, it still needs a tag memory management technology to make its data storage and transfer requirements minimal, flexible, inexpensive to implement, and provide sufficient security to resist large Part of the attempt to frustrate the present invention is to make the above-mentioned to be stored in the tag memory and passed between the tag and the interrogator The standard is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CMS > A4) (210X297mm > A * 7 B7) printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. The information objectification of the invention description (7) fulfills the above needs. That is, the above-mentioned information to be stored and transmitted is identified and managed by tags, and becomes a group of information blocks or objects, each of which can be uniquely identified. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method that can be used for Memory of radio frequency identification (RnD) tags. This memory system contains one or more objects. Each object contains: an information block containing information about the item; an information block that can indicate its information in the information field An identification code of the type; and a size booth that can indicate the size of its information in the information field. / An embodiment of the present invention provides a security tag associated with an article. This security tag contains an integrated circuit, which has a memory, so that the memory can store one or more objects, and can output a or Multiple objects as a consistent signal. Each object contains: an information field containing information about the item; an identification code that indicates the type of information information in the information field; and a size that indicates the size of the information information in the information field Stop. According to another embodiment of the present invention, an RFID monitoring system capable of using a tag 1 to 11) is provided. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for communicating between an interrogator of a surveillance system and a security tag associated with an article. The security tag includes an integrated circuit having a memory capable of storing one or more objects. Each object contains: an information block containing information related to the item, and an information type that can indicate the type of information in the information field (please read the notice on the back before filling this page).

-10- Printed Λ7 'Τ' '' ~ by the Central Bureau of Quasi-Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China. ------- V. Description of the invention (8) ----- ~~-Identification code, and-可A size stop indicating the size of the information in the information booth. The above method includes the following steps: send out from the interrogator-request signal 'this request signal contains an object identification tag; receive a request signal in a security tag; search the aforementioned security tag memory to determine whether it is The requested object is stored; and if the requested object is stored in the security tag memory, at least the information block and size of the requested object are sent. Its transmission is not received by the inquiry. ^ Another embodiment of the present invention provides an agreement that can be used to interact between an interrogator of a surveillance system and a security tag associated with an item. The security tag includes an integrated circuit 'which has a memory that can store one or more objects. Each object contains: an information booth containing information about related items, an identification code that can indicate the type of information in the information booth, and a size that can indicate its information in the information column Size stops. The above method includes the following steps: sending a control message from the interrogator, the control message contains an object identification code; receiving a control message in a Bao 2 tag collection; searching for the above security tag to determine the Bao Nu tag , Whether the object to which the above-mentioned object identification code belongs is stored; and if the object is stored in the security tag ', a control function is performed. This control function can be: making the above security tag send the object; clearing the object from its memory; changing its memory so that the object cannot be cleared; or changing the information field of the object stored in its memory Content value. Brief description of the drawings The above summary of the present invention, and the following detailed description of its preferred embodiments The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) 8-4 specifications (2Ιχχ297)

JT— n i- I IT n I UN ϋ. I (please read the k items on the back before filling this page) -Order- -11-Impression of Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, Central Procurement Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 _____. B7____ V. Description of the invention (9) The description will be more clear with the readings of the attached drawings. Based on the exemplification of the present invention, what is shown in 圊 is the currently preferred embodiment. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the illustrated apparatus and methods. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a block diagram of a security label applicable to the present invention; Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of an interrogator to which the present invention is applied; Figure 3 and Figure 1 are used to store one or The memory of the security label associated with multiple objects, one of which is a diagram; FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the sample memory related to the security label of FIG. 1, which shows a memory that can store one or Memory allocation strategies related to multiple objects; Figure 5 is a sample association table of object identification codes relative to their corresponding information; Figures 6A and 6B are related to the use of security labels in Figure 丨, where One or more objects are stored, the schematic blocks of the first and second system environments; and FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a procedure that can detect whether a security tag has been tampered with. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Certain techniques used in this specification are merely expedient and should not be viewed as limiting the invention. In the various texts, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings to represent the same elements.

I Figure 1 shows a sample security label 10 applicable to the present invention. The security label 10 has a passive resonant radio frequency (RF) circuit 12 which conforms to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 standard as the paper scale of this technique. (210X297) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Binding · Order -12- Five Inventions (10 A7 B7 Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

It is well known that when the target is under the supervision of a reader or an interrogator, it is used for the purpose of the conventional circuit 12, which includes a coil antenna 14 and a capacitor 16, which can be formed together. __ Have_ a predetermined (operating) resonance frequency (ie, the selected radio frequency above). The electricity 'associated with the security label 10 is obtained from the antenna M in a conventional manner. In addition, the security tag 1G has a dragon circuit (Ic) 18, which can provide "information" to the security tag 10. This (IC) 18 is connected to the circuit 12. The ic μ is described below, with-Programmable memory 2G, which can store identification bits and other data bits. The IC 18 can output a data stream composed of stored data when sufficient power is applied thereto. In one embodiment of the present invention, 'the data stream can generate-a string data pulse wave, which is made by adding a capacitor (not without a capacitor) across both ends of the coil antenna 14 during the period of the data pulse wave'. Out). This will change the resonance frequency of the RF circuit 12 and cause it to tune away from its operating frequency. Therefore, the RF circuit 12 no longer returns a single response signal at a single operating frequency, but returns a modulation signal containing a stylized information packet from the memory 20. The information packet (data pulse) will be received and processed by the above-mentioned interrogator receiving circuit, and decoded (if necessary) to provide an identification code and / or other information related to the above-mentioned tagged item. Other methods of using the data in the IC memory 20 to output the above identification data from the security tag 10 are within the scope of the present invention. The above-mentioned IC 18 is also preferably a passive device and is powered in a manner similar to that of the RF circuit 12 (i.e. using the energy received at the antenna 14 from the transmitter signal of the interrogator). The security tag 10 is thus a so-called RFID tag. Other types of rFID private paper standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm> (Please read the & intention on the back before filling this page).

-, 1T -13-Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperative Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11), the label can also be used in the present invention. Examples of RFID tags can be found in US Patent Nos. 5,446,447 (Carney et al.), 5,430,441 (Bickley et al.), And 5,347,263 (Carroll et al.). Figure 2 is a reader or interrogator 22 typically applicable to the security tag 10 of Figure 1. These interrogators 22 and security tags 10, as is well known in the art, communicate via inductive coupling. The interrogator 22 includes a transmitter 24, a receiver 26, an antenna group 28, and a data processing and control circuit 30, each of which has an input terminal and an output terminal. The output of the transmitter 24 is connected to the first input of the receiver 26 and the input of the antenna assembly 28. The output end of the antenna assembly 28 is connected to the second input end of the receiver 26 described above. The first and second output terminals of the above data processing and control circuit 30 are connected to the input terminal of the transmitter 24 and the third input terminal of the receiver 26, respectively. In addition, the output terminal of the receiver 26 is connected to the input terminal of the data processing and control circuit 30. An interrogator with this general configuration can be built using the electronic circuits described in all U.S. Patent Nos. 3,752,960, 3,816,708, 4,223,830, and 4,580,041 issued to Walton. It may be incorporated into this specification by reference of its entirety. The physical manifestation of the interrogator 22 described above is described in terms of its specific application examples (for example, inventories, monitoring exports, and accounting). The above-mentioned interrogator 22 is two known entities suitable for use in the present invention, a novel pair of pedestals (not shown) and a handheld RFID scanner. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention, a predetermined set of paper sizes of security specimens is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -14- ----------- ^- Install ------ order ------ V (please read the first -¾ of the notice on the back before filling out this page) Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, India Plow A7 * --- ---- -^ B7 V. Description of the invention (12) Γ '' Sign 10, prepared to be associated with some predetermined items. In detail, the security tags 10 are related to preparation and applied to a predetermined group of items (not shown), and each security tag 10 is assigned unique or semi-unique security tag information. The security label 10 can thus be stylized 'and can be directly attached to each item or the packaging of each item. Alternatively, the tags 10 may be stylized after being applied to the item, and in the disclosed embodiment, each item is associated with a security tag 10. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the non-volatile memory configuration in the memory 20 of the tag 10, which depicts the information blocks or objects 32 stored in the memory 20 of the tag 10. Each object 32 includes at least: an information field 34 containing information about the above-mentioned tagged items; an identification code 36 that can indicate the type of information information in the information field 34; and an information block that can indicate the information block The size field 38 of the size of the information in the bit 34. In some applications, the memory 20 stores only one object 32. In other application examples, the memory ship 20 stores two or more objects 32. Each memory ship 20 has a unique identification code 36. The maximum number of objects 32 that can be stored in a tag 10 is limited only by the size of the memory 20 and the size of the objects 32. In the example shown in Fig. 3, the length of the identification code 36 is four bits. There may be 16 different identification codes 36. In a commercially applicable embodiment of the present invention 'the identification code 36 may have some other dimensions similar to a 32-bit code. In the first object 32, its information field 34 has a length of 16 bits', so its size field 38 is a binary value of 16 or "10000". In I second object 32 ', the length of its information field is π bits, so its size field 38 is the value of 20 in binary or "1〇〇〇〇". The length of the information field is 34 (please read the meaning on the back and then fill out this page) • n ^ Lr · equipment, ιτ i J · This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297): -15- Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China 5. The description of the invention (13) can be changed according to the difference of objects in a single label or different labels. Figure 3 shows two identification codes% with the same number of bits. In the case of a system of RFID tags and interrogators, the length of the identification code 36 and the size stop 38 is preferably the same (that is, all the 'hidden' in the given system are preferably the same Bit length identification 36 and size field 38). However, all tags 10 in these systems are subject to change from system to system. The variable lengths of the identification code 36 and the size field 38 are within the scope of the present invention, but they are not very suitable. Gaby will increase the data storage schedule, label inquiry steps, and object access processing. The complexity of procedures and so on. In the pre-existing technique similar to the example illustrated in Fig. 4, the US Pat. No. 5'469,363 (Saliga et al.) Tag memory allocation strategy uses a continuous string of memory locations to store the tag data . In the present invention, the storage of the object 32 does not need a continuous string of data bits or bytes. In addition, the object 32 is compressible, so it may not be similar to its actual information when viewed in a compressed form. . Therefore, Fig. 3 only shows the type of data stored in the above-mentioned k-z-a memory 20, and is not a preferred way of organizing or storing the data therein. FIG. 4 shows an example of the memory configuration of one or more objects 32 in a tag memory 20. The method in Figure 4 is a revised version of the pre-existing technology linked list data structure. In Figure 4, the memory 20 has five objects 32 stored in consecutive rows in the memory space. Each object includes: an identification code 36 (ID), a size field 38 (sz), and An information block 34 (INF). An optional information stop code 39 (EOD) can be placed in (: installation ------ order ------ J. (Please read the _ Cautions on the back before filling in this page )

-16- Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5 'Explanation of the invention (14) The end of the last stored object 32. The memory is arranged from left to right and top to bottom " When searching for memory 20 for a specific object, its memory management program (not shown) will check each ID and SZ field 36, 38. Starting from the upper left corner of the memory 20, each id block 36 is compared with the identification code of the object to be searched. If they are not the same, the memory management program will increase the value of the bit vector (pinter) by the sum of the corresponding ID, SZ, and INF blocks, and point to the next object 32iID column to the lower right. (The size of its INF field is known. Since its SZ field, this process will be repeated again and again. Until an ID field can match the searcher, or until its last object has been checked. (For example, as shown, by arriving at its EOD booth 39, after a predetermined period of time, failed to find another 10 stop, or by any other appropriate method). When an object When 32 is added to the memory 20 in Figure 4, it will always be added to the end of the linked list. If an EOD field 39 is used, it will be moved to the end of all objects 32. When When an object 32 is deleted from the memory 20 of the fourth circle, all the objects 32 following the deleted object will be moved backwards in space, so there will be no remaining among these consecutive objects 32 Any gap. The memory allocation strategy in Figure 4 can also be modified to be in a discontinuous position. There are a large number of objects 32, just this—the strategy may reduce its storage efficiency 'and increase the complexity of its object search. Figure 5 The same relationship table 4G' It means that these identification codes 36 are related to the corresponding information fields The relationship between the status information. For example, —identification code Μ〇〇ι ′, may be related to—including the date of employment of the tagged item (for example, 12/30/97 --------- -'Equipment ------ order ----- two · (Please read the u items on the back before filling this page)

17- Λ7 Β7 The information booth 34 of the invention description (I5 ί 1/06/98) printed by the Shell Specimen Consumer Cooperative of the Central Procurement Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is associated with an identification mark 1010, which may be related to an item Ownership (for example, store X or purchase customer Υ) is associated. The information in the k-message field 34 can be fixed or suffocated in the case of similar expiration dates, etc., or in the case of similar-item owners, it can be changed to change the tag memory. The capabilities of the stored data are generally familiar, so the details will not be explained in more detail. In FIG. 5, the information in the information field 34 is the information in the table segment m. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to indicate more than one piece of information in a single information field 34. Moreover, the number of bits or bytes' in the information bit 34 may exceed the number required to store the desired information. Therefore, the information field 34 can be the number of four bytes, even if the ownership or expiration date may be encoded in less than four bytes. Referring again to FIG. 3, the memory management of each object 32 only needs two information ′ their identification code 36 and its size field 38. As mentioned above, its identification code 36 is required to uniquely identify each object 32 stored on the above label 10, and its size field 38 is required to understand how to delimit the object 32. By doing so, the information block 34 can be correctly extracted. The size stop 38 can also be selectively used to configure the space in the tag memory 20. To store information on a tag 10, such as when the tag is first attached to an item and attached to an item, the following steps will be performed: (1) The entire object 32 is sent to the tag 10 by an interrogator 22 . The parts of the object 32 can be sent in any order, as long as there is a method to correctly delimit the parts in the tag body 20. Bu Γ1--factory attack ------ order ------- ^ | _11_K—— · __: __K __: __ (Please read Ji's notice on the back before filling this page}

This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 male 1 (2) The label 10 will determine whether it can store the object 32. If so, the object 32 will be stored, and there will be an approval message, Returns to the interrogator 22. The interrogator 22 does not;}; control how to store the object 32 in the tag ι〇, and the tag 10 does not return such information to the interrogator 22. If the tag 1 〇 The object 32 could not be stored, and a _failure message is expected and returned to the interrogator 22. The object 32 should preferably be coded for additional security and / or error detection and correction. This coding step may involve Add additional, extra bits of information that may or may not be stored in the tag memory 20 to the object 32. To read information from a tag 10, the following steps will be performed: (1) Interrogator 22 will issue a signal requesting the tag 10 to send a specific object. For example, this signal may require the tag 10 to send its date object (ie, the object has the identification code 1001). This signal may be sent continuously, or Will be sent once or a specific number of times. (2) If the tag 10 contains a data object, the tag 10 should preferably be able to send the entire object 32 mentioned above. Alternatively, the tag 10 can be sent to only Send the information block 34 and size field 38 of the above object 32 ^ If the tag 10 does not contain a data object, a failure message or other type of predetermined message will be returned to the interrogator 22. Or, and The occurrence of no tag sending action and the absence of this sending action will be interpreted by the interrogator 22 as meaning that there is no such object 32 on the tag 10. The reading process of the above step (1) The program can be followed by an interrogator control message to inquire whether a specific object 32 is stored on a standard. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 -----_ B7 V. Description of the invention (17 ) '~ If the reception is a positive response, its processing procedure will continue as described above. When an object 32 is read from a tag 10, their identification code 36 and size field 38, preferably before its information field 34 Take it out. This is because the size of the information block 34 is unknown before its size block 38 is decoded. Knowing the size of the information block 34 will help determine whether the information booth 34 is transmitted. It has already been completed. However, the parts of the object 32 can be sent in any order, as long as there is a method to correctly delimit the parts. Figures 6A and 6B show the use of the label in which the object is stored Schematic block diagram of the RFID system. In Figure 6A, a computer 42 can send some .control signals to the interrogator 22 and can receive RFm tag data from it. This computer 42 can approach the above when needed. Database Table 40. In Fig. 6B ', the database table 40 is incorporated in the interrogator 22. The use of these objects may allow the interrogator 22 to perform selective actions related to the request, and may allow the tag 10 to perform selective control functions related to execution in response to the above-mentioned request. The above interrogator request can be regarded as a control message. The control message includes an object identification code 36 and a control message of this kind is used to request the tag 10 to send an object 32 with a specific identification code 36. Another control message is used to request the tag 10, if it contains the requested object 32, it can make a positive response without actually transmitting the object. Another control function may be to clear the object 32 from the tag memory 20. If there is another control function, it may be to change the content of the information block 34 of a special object 32, so that it can indicate that the label's exact paper size is toward the A4 secret of Guanjia County (cns) (" 210X297). ~ '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -Order-20-Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Zhengong Consumer Cooperative Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (18) The ownership of the item has been transferred from the store To customers. There is another control function. It may be that the object 32 is stored in the above-mentioned tag memory 20, so that the memory of the tag 1G can be changed, so that the object 32 cannot be changed or removed.》 Other control systems It is within the scope of the present invention. As described above, storing data in a collection 10 has more advantages than the existing storage technology of the collection. Its main advantage is that the memory allocation strategy of the tag 10 is hidden from the interrogator 22. That is, the interrogator 22 does not know (need not to know) how the data is stored in the memory 20 of the tag 10 in communicating with the tag and performing a desired action relative to its tag data. The internal operation of its redundant label 18 can be hidden and separated from its information transfer operation. One benefit of this fact is that different tag applications do not have to change either its interrogator 22 or its agreement. This independence allows the designer to incorporate features into the IC 18 of the above tags without having to change the rest of the tape 0 system, or its interrogator / tag communication protocol. For example, data compression technology can be applied to the tag 1C 18 to reduce the number of bits of stored memory, so that its interrogator 22 does not even need to know that the data compression technology is being implemented. The data compression technology described above is particularly attractive when RFID tags are used in applications that need to store large amounts of data. The communication protocol between the above tags / interrogators can be simplified compared to those systems that use directory methods to manage data. Compared with the above-mentioned directory method, the interrogator 22 and the tag 10 communicate the least amount of additional information when communicating. Another advantage of the above label 10 is that different types of labels 10,

The paper size is suitable for S ^ iiTcNS) M gauge 210x297 mm

Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7-______B7 V. Description of Invention (19) ~~ ~ · ^ The same interrogator 22 can be used. The specific implementation of a particular tag may manage the object 32 into a linked list. The specific implementation of the other tag is as described above, and a directory configuration memory can be used. The choice of which method it uses will depend on the desired cost and complexity of its tag memory 20. Another advantage of the above-mentioned tag 10 is that these different tag designs with different applications can use the same RFID system. Since the tag 10 has its own object memory management program, its data can be stored independently of the interrogator protocol described above. For example, referring to Figures 3 and 5, there is a type of label 10 that can be used in a retail food store to encode the expiration date information 'on the food into the information field 34. The label object 32 may have an identification code 3 100 of 1001, and a link list method may be used to manage the object. Another type of tag 10 can be used in a retail consumer product store to track ownership of an item. The label object 32 may have an identification code 36 of 1010, and a catalog method may be used to manage the object. Even though the ## has recalled that the management strategy is completely different, the same query device 22 can be used to communicate with the two types of tags 10. Or 'only modify the above-mentioned interrogator agreement. Its application examples are completely different in label design, but they can be the same, even if their labels may have information block 34 and size field 38 of different bit lengths. In addition, it is only necessary to use the same identification code 36 in two types of labels, and the completely different label designs can be used for the same application. This adaptability can reduce the cost of developing the production line of the label used in different application examples, and also ensure that the newly designed label I is compatible with the existing RFID system. In contrast, the size of the capital paper sheets stored in the memory of these collections using a solid δ-Yiyi ship configuration table is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 OX297 mm) f Please read the meanings on the back before filling out this page) • IT— n «Lr. -Pack., Ar -22- Printed by A7 B7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (20) Materials, but must be arranged in a predetermined way in order to be compatible with other rfID systems. In the fixed strategy, any change in its labeling or application case may require huge expenditures to change other parts of its RFID system. On the right, the size stop 3 8 can be used to manage the configuration of the tag s and memory 20 used to store the object 32, so as to maximize the use of its limited memory space. A 16-bit information field 34, as shown in Figure 4, requires only 16-bit memory space. In contrast, a traditional fixed-memory configuration strategy requires a fixed-size block to be assigned to the data even if the data requires a small amount of space. Due to the above-mentioned fixed-size block, it must be selected to accommodate the maximum expected data string. As long as the data string is smaller than the above-mentioned maximum allowed string, its memory space is wasted. Another advantage of the above-mentioned tag 10 is that the information stored on the tag 10 can be reasonably hidden without relying on encryption technology. Encryption technology is expensive and will increase transaction processing time. Consider the following case where the above information block 34 is the date of sale. Β If an item is not sold, there is no date for the sale, and its information block 34 will have a content value indicating that fact (for example, 〇〇 / 〇〇 / 〇〇). When an item is legally sold, a sale date is placed in its information field 34. The interrogator 22 can only trigger an alarm when an item with a label is detected in the inquiry area, and it does not have a sales date, or it has a sales date different from the current date. bell. —The habitual thief would like to obtain the information stored on the RF 丨 D label of a legally sold item. Since this item has been legally sold, the information booth is suitable for viewing this paper. It is called the 8-4 size .... Tear the Gongchu --- 1 ------------- 1 _ '. 装 _ _ (Please read the notices on the back before filling this page) Order-23- Printed bags for consumer cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Invention description (21) will include information indicating the actual sales date . If the thief finds out how to know the contents of the information block 34, the thief may reprogram the label 10 of an unsold item (which is still in the store), so that the information field 34 indicates a Selling dates. The thief may then take the item, walk through the interrogator 22 and leave the store without triggering the alarm. In this system, the thief must first find the ID 36 of the date of sale. An identification code 36 may be a 24-bit string. Since the thief could not initially know what the identification code 36 was, the thief would have to try to read all possible objects inside the tag 10 and, after reading them out, try to deduce which information has the date of sale . To do so, the thief would ask him for something with an identification code of 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, piece 32 (for its part, it could be Or maybe it's not an object 32), then 000000000000000000000001, then 000000000000000000 000010, then 000000000000000000000011, then 0000 00000000000000000100, etc., until the thief has requested all objects with an identification code 36 as high as 111111111111111111111111111. After looping through all the identification codes 36, the thief will find that there are certain objects, maybe even only one. At this point, the thief would easily interpret which object 32 would contain information on the date of sale. However, since there are 24 bits in an identification code 36, the thief must read 224 different objects, or 67,108,864 different objects, in order to reach this point. 1 Assuming that reading each object 32 (or finding out that the requested object does not exist) would take 10 milliseconds, the thief could try to read 100 objects per second. (Please read the J notice on the back before filling this page).

-IT

• V This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -24- A7 B7 Printed by the Bayer Consumer Cooperative of the Central Sample Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (22) Reading all possible objects in the tag will take 671,089 seconds, which will equal 186 hours or 7.77 days. In order to prevent the object information from being found, the store may adopt a strategy of periodically changing the identification code 36. In a week it may be 10,111,001,001,001 ouoiiioio. The next week it may be 010110101011110010011. If the store is on a weekly basis, the identification code 36 is changed based on the date of sale, and the change of the code 36 will be faster than it would be discovered by a thief. For example, if the identification code 36 is a 32-bit number, and the thief can read up to 1,000 objects per second, if he wants to read all the data, he still has to make 4 million attempts. It costs more than one month. By changing their identification code 36 from time to time, these tags 10 can be inspected to ensure that their identification code 36 matches the appropriate sale date. For example, Lu, a 10111001001001001111111111 identification code 36, may be associated with the date of sale from 12/15/96 to 12/22/96, and 〇1 〇11〇1〇111〇100110101101 identification code 36, may be associated with the sales date from 12/23/96 to 12/30/96. Even if a thief has found a particular identification code 36, plus its selling date-related decoding strategy, the thief will still need to know which date is suitable for that particular identification code 36. If the thief programs a tag 10 with a date that is not within the relevant range of the particular identification code 36, an alert will be triggered at a store interrogator. If the thief programs a tag 10 with a date within the correct range, but it is not the date of the day, the RFID system described above can optionally be programmed to trigger an alarm to warn store personnel. The labelled item is either a previously sold item (for example, an item to be returned), or an item that was illegally made ----------------'- packed --- --- Order ------ V (Please read the .. on the back; fill in this page first) -25- Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 --- B7 V. Description of Invention (23) "---- Stylized or tagged items. Store staff will have to conduct further investigations to determine what kind of plot exists. To further hinder the discovery of the items, the format of the information booth 34 also Can be changed as a function of time. To further prevent the information on the label 10 from being found and modified, the object 32 on the label 10 can be linked to another object on the label 10. Consider a zero Two objects 32 丨 and 32 stored on each of a set of tags 10 used in their store environment The first item 32 is the date of sale as described above. This date of sale can be used to determine whether the item is actually sold or the warranty period of the tagged item, whether it is still valid. The second item 32z is the date of its last physical inventory. The store will make regular inventory checks, such as once a week, and update the item 322 with the latest date of each inventory check. When an item is sold, it is sold The date will be recorded in the item 32, ... For each item sold, there will be a predetermined relationship between the date in the item 32, and the period in the item 322. Inventory inspection will be done once a week In the example, the above two dates should never differ by more than 7 days. It is assumed that a thief has discovered how to fabricate the above-mentioned first object 32 丨. The thief will now be able to insert the selling date so that Items sold are presented as sold (as previously described, the item was plucked from the store), or items that have been sold for a long time are presented as recently sold (so that a damaged item During the guarantee period, either Items returned after the refund period). However, the righteous thief may not be aware that the first article 32 丨 must be subject to a paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297). ^ ---- r--Guang, Sang ------ Order ------- k (Please read the ^ Matters on the back before filling out this page) -26- Printed by the Central Consumer Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 __: ___________B7_ V. Description of the Invention (24) ~~ Support of the second object 32s to avoid triggering an alarm bell or warning the shop of a contradiction. Therefore, the way the thief handled the first object 321 cleverly may not It will reconcile with the second object 3 2 2 and the corroborative evidence stored in it. For example, the thief may have changed the first item 32, so that an item was actually sold on the date of 2/15/96, which reads 2/15/97, but did not notice its final field The inventory date is also stored on the tag 10 and read as 2/13/96. Since the actual sales date and the period of the last inventory check should always be seven days or less, and the items to be returned above show a date difference of more than one year, the store knows the bidding iron1. May have been altered "the link relationship of the object, so it can be used so that even they may know how to read and modify the selected object 32 by the theft or insiders. FIG. 7 is a flowchart that can detect whether a label 10 having two or more linked objects 32 has been modified, and its basic processing procedure. The two or more objects 32 are from one The tag 10 is read out (step 100). Next, a piece of data defining the link relationship between the plurality of objects 32 is retrieved (step 200). This information may be stored in an interrogator, an external computer, or the tag 10 itself. Second, the link will be checked to see if it is still intact (step 300). If not, an alarm condition is displayed 'and the store staff will investigate the details of the incident (step 400). The specific implementation of this processing procedure is to use a comparator in the interrogator or a computer in the store, and retrieve the information of their link relationship or corroboration relationship from a memory location. The comparator will check the links Information field 34 'of object 32' is there a proper relationship between them. Other details of the object link This paper size is applicable to towel S @ CNS) Secret 4 (210X297) Chu L »^ Binding '.. Λ (Please read the} on the back of the page before filling in this page) -27- A7 '~ ___ __B7 V. Description of the invention (25),' —Achievement is within the scope of the present invention β As stated above, the security tag 10 is associated with such predetermined items in the form of articles, and The labels 10 are directly attached to each item or the packaging of each item. This embodiment of the present invention can be used by an RFID system. Alternatively, the present invention can be used in other systems using the security tag 10. Some examples include: a library checkout system with tagged library items; a personnel identification system in which people wear tagged badges, and can be stored based on their badges Information to obtain access to selected areas; and a baggage management system, in which baggage is individually labeled. It is not difficult for those skilled in the art to understand that, without departing from the concept of the present invention, the above embodiments may be modified. Therefore, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications of the present invention within the spirit and scope defined by the scope of the patents attached to it. ί ΊIT --------- (Please read the Ji $ entry on the back and fill in this book first) The paper size printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210X297 mm) -28- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (26) Component label comparison 10 ... Security label 28 ... Antenna group 12 ... Passive resonance radio frequency ( RF) circuit 30 ... data processing and control circuit 14 ... coil antenna 32 ... object 16 ... capacitor 34 ... information field 18 ... integrated circuit (1C) 36 ... identification Code 20 ... programmable memory 38 ... size field 22 ... interrogator 39 ... information block end code 24 ... transmitter 42 ... computer 26 ... receiver L ^ Binding / L, (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

A8 B8 C8 D8 Printed by the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives 6. Scope of Patent Application 1. A kind of memory for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags This memory contains one or more objects, each object contains : (0—information block containing information about the item; (11) an identification code that can indicate the type of information in the information field; and (m) —can indicate its information in the information field The size of the information is blocked. 2. —A security tag for connecting with the article. This security tag contains a _ integrated circuit, which has a memory. This memory can store one or more objects, and can At the time of a selected interrogation signal asking the security guard to sign, 'output one or more objects, and as a consistent letter said that each object contains: (I) an information containing information about the article Field; (II) an identification code that can indicate the type of information information in the information field; and (ιι〇—size block that can indicate the size of its information information in the information field. 3_ — species and articles Connected and attached The security label on it includes: (a) a resonance circuit that can be used to receive an interrogation signal and return a response signal to detect the existence of the item, and (b)- An integrated circuit connected to the resonance circuit, the integrated circuit has a memory, the memory can store one or more objects, and the paper size of the security tag can be queried on a selected interrogation signal Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) (Please read the note on the back before filling this page) -Shang- -Order- -30- A8 B8 C8 D8 Signal, field, output-one or more objects, the objects include: (: information field containing information information about the item; (U)-an identification code that can indicate the type of information information in the information block ; And the size of the information in the information field II ι — ^ .-- (please read the note f on the back before filling out this page) (iii) —can indicate the size stop. 4 · A surveillance system , Which includes: (a) —associated with an item The security label attached to it includes: ⑴ a resonant circuit that can be used to receive an inquiry signal and return the 胄 ying k 'to test the existence of the item, and the central government of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Standard Bureau Shellfish Consumer Cooperative (Η) —Integrated circuit connected to the resonant circuit, which has a memory, which can store one or more information blocks, and a selected inquiry signal , When asked about the security label, output one or more information blocks. Each information block contains: information about the item, an identification code that can indicate the type of information information in the information area, and an A size code indicating the size of the information (b)-an interrogator that can output the selected interrogation signal and can receive the above-mentioned response signal; (e)-a computer connected to the interrogator that can indicate The interrogator outputs a selected interrogation signal and can interpret the above-mentioned response signals. This computer can access the list of such identification codes and various types of information. This paper is applicable to Chinese standards. CNS) Α4 size (210X297 mm) -31- Patent scope in 3936S0. 5. As the monitoring system applied for in the patent application scope item 4, the memory 逋 will be able to store two information blocks, and the computer also contains: _ memory, which can store some representatives Data on the expected relationship between the two information blocks; a comparator that compares the two information blocks to determine whether the expected relationship exists. • A method for communicating between an interrogator of a surveillance system and a security tag associated with an article, the security tag includes an integrated circuit 'which has a memory that can store one or more objects, each object contains : An information block that contains information about the item, an identification code that can indicate the type of its information in the information block, and a size block that can indicate the size of its information in the information field, The steps included in the above method are: (a) sending a request signal from the interrogator, the request signal containing an object identification code; (b) receiving a request signal in a security tag; Consumer cooperatives printed n HI ϋ I nn LfY ^ n I (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) (c) Search the above security tag memory to determine whether the requested items are stored in it; and ( d) The requested object is stored in the memory of the security tag, and then the information block and size field of the requested object are sent. Scoop: It is requested in Ming Patent No. 6 Method, wherein the step of seeking out the right ⑷ 3 stored in the object-based security tag is requested to send the entire object. -32- S93630 patent application scope 8 888 ABCD An agreement method for interacting between an interrogator of a surveillance system and a security private label associated with an item. The security label includes an integrated circuit that has a storage capacity of one or more The body of the object, each object package 3. — Contains information about the information of the associated item, an identification code indicating the type of information information in the information block, and — can indicate the information in the information field The size field of the size of the information. The above method includes the following steps: 发送 Send a control message from the interrogator, the control message contains an object identification code; (b) receive the control message in a security tag; ⑷ search The security label mentioned above is used to determine whether the object belonging to the above object identification code is stored in the security label; and if the object is stored in the security «, the execution-control function is executed. 9. = The method applied for item 8 in Γ, where the control function is for security labeling mentioned above, and the object is sent by heart. -The method and method as applied for in item 8 of the patent scope, wherein the control function is to clear the object from the memory of the security label mentioned above. a If == No., please control the method. _ Clear = Change the memory of the above-mentioned Baowen label, in order to prevent the object from being controlled by l2. == Item, method, and security label of the control function—store Articles of capital paper GiiTi national ladder (CNS)