經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印繁 A7 ^~____B7_ ' 五、發明説明（1 ) 本發明係有關傳熱至大量固體材料或從該材料傳熱之 方法及裝置。 本發明特別是有關傳熱至大量低導熱性固體材料或從 該材料傳熱之方法及裝置。 許多工業方法需要將大量固體材料加熱或冷卻以開始 並維持化學反應或物理變化，一般而言，必須將材料加熱 至南溫以產生化學反應或物理變化，很不幸地，很多固體 材科具有非常低的導熱性，很難利用間接熱傳方式將這些 材料加熱。這種材料常常透過直接熱傳方式，例如將熱氣 供給填充層或流體層材料》 本說明書自始至终所用之，，直接熱傳，，表示熱傳流體係 直接與欲加熱或欲冷卻材料接觸 > 而”間接熱傳，，表示利用 一個物理阻擔層'例如管壁，將熱傳流體與欲加熱或欲冷 卻之材料隔離ο 有些方法並不適用於直接熱傳，固體與氣體之間的熱 容比需要大量的氣體或液體來傳熱，舉例來說，除非填充 層非常粗大或加熱及冷卻時間很長，否則無法使大量的氣 流通過填充層而傳熱。在需聲煤炭及其他含有在高溫下易 揮發之物質的材料之方法時，直接熱傳可能會導致易揮發 材料隨著加熱氣體散逸，而使在廢氣經由煙道或煙齒排出 之前難以清除廢氣《在其他方法中，直接熱傳可能會導致 固體物質處理困難或固體物質滯留在氣體中所造成的保養 問題，在這些法中，必須使用間接熱傳來加熱材料。 一種已知間接接熱傳方法為同時利用K〇ppelraan的美 本紙張尺度適用中囷國家標準（CNS ) A4現格（210X297公釐） L------cII ·J (諳先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫•本頁) 訂 4 經濟部中央梯準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 國專利第5,290,523號中所述之溫度及壓力，將煤炭、尤 其是低等級的煤炭加以濃縮。在此方法中，於高壓下利用 煤炭之結構重組以及脫碳反應所造成的一個擠壓反應加熱 大量的煤炭，則可將水分自煤炭中去除。再者，一些可溶 性灰質成份亦可從煤炭中移除，此係利用熱脫水及提高煤 厌之熱值而將煤炭加以濃縮。於濃縮過程期間，藉由維持 足夠高之壓力，則大體上可避免被移除之水分蒸發這可 降低能量需求。再者，所產生的水副產物主要為液體形式 而非.蒸氣形式。 煤炭之熱處理需要將熱傳至煤炭中（通常3〇〇_6〇〇 Btu/lb)，然而一煤炭填充層的有效導熱性大約為〇 1 w/mK ，使煤炭層成為一種良好的絕緣體。 有幾項選擇或許可以考慮促進煤炭之加熱，並提供能 夠達到一個合理之煤炭層加熱時間的一個方法選擇項目 包括有： -藉由增加熱傳介質溫度以增加熱驅動力這會導致煤炭 液化，對於低等級的煤炭濃縮而言，降低了產品的熱值。 再者，這亦會導致焦油和其他揮發性材料凝結在容器系統 的其他部分。 -使用流體層。這造成需要大量的（惰性）氣體循環，再度 突顯煤炭液化的問題。其亦要求氣體於再壓縮或高溫受污 之壓縮機運轉之前經過冷卻及清潔，彡兩種情況都需要成 本及保養。再者，流體層會隔離細小粒子。 -使用攪動層’例如回轉窯。利用惰性氣體在高壓下的這 本紙張尺及通用宁國國参標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） i n^i IT— ml m n m M ml m HI nn m^i V—^ Jiy 1 *~ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填疼本頁) 5 - 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印裂 A 7 _____B7__ 五、發明说明（3 ) 種反應器具有極高的工程困難度及費用β間接熱傳較佳， 但這會使工程困難度更複雜，且煤炭在容器中的佔有率會 下降。 _使用地面進給之快速烘乾。這需要立刻凝固以製備一個 有銷路的產品。其亦需要惰性氣體作熱傳，且由於固體物 質之分散狀態，其反應體積會很大。 -煤厌之熱液脫水，其中煤炭被研磨成細小粒子並與水混 合形成泥漿，接著在高壓下將泥漿加熱至高溫以維持液體 狀態。此過程需要將謀炭研磨，接著必須經過凝結或直接 用於加工中，例如用於發電廠。再者，被加熱的水質量很 大，且這需要大的熱交換器作熱回收。 若同時伴隨著高壓（大於1〇barg)的話，則上述每項 選擇會變得更加困難。 由於揮發損失最少、能量消耗較低以及大部分所產生 的副產物水為液體’因此利用一填充層以及間接熱傳用以 加熱或冷卻煤炭較佳。 填充層亦允許範圍較大的煤炭尺寸，且較粗的煤炭尺 寸對於流體層操作而言較佳。填充層亦使高壓容器内所含 的體積最小，而使加熱速率變高。小的容器體積可節省加 壓時間及容器成本。 傳統上加強間接熱傳之方法‘在加熱介質與被加熱材 料之間提供充分的表面積，這需要外殼與管子之配置，加 熱介質不是位於管束内部就是位於管束外部，這種管束適 合傳熱至液體及氣體（雖然其容易製造並安裝，但是卻需 本纸張尺度通用中g|國豕梯準（CNS ) A4規格（训公瘦） 6 -- I I- - I In I -^尸 n n -I n I K— -- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填$頁) A7 _______；_____B7__ 五、發明説明（4 ) — ~ 要保養），然而在加熱固體時卻有一些限制，特別是在固 體含有高達19關（0.75吋）粒子尺寸的煤炭時，或者輪出煤 炭尺寸高達50腿（2吋）時’會遭遇橋接及阻塞問題。任何 這種材料之熱傳系統必須設計成即使在分批處理之循環開 始或結束時，或者在連續處理期間，讓固體能夠自由流動 〇 關於上述習知技藝的外殻及管子配置之進一步困難起 因於大部分習知技藝的處理容器需要在容器内的管束下端 配置一個排洩錐體，供將煤炭從容器中排出。管束幾乎不 可能伸入排洩錐體内，因此排洩錐體内不會有足夠體積的 煤炭被管束加熱，欲克服此一困難有些方法提出了將喷 水或喷流注入煤炭層中，這些即所謂的工作流體，這種工 作流體可以在媒炭層之上方部分被汽化（若為液想的話）並 過熱，接著流向排洩錐體底部的出口，排洩錐體中的冷卻 固體因而被工作流體加熱（藉由工作流體之對流且可能藉 由凝結）。然而，對於處理所用之能量而言，工作流體之 喷射會導致嚴重的結果》 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 μ---------；----.1^ (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) 習知技藝中有一個方法利用了一個外殼及管型熱傳裝 置，其中煤炭係供應至管侧，並有一熱傳油料流經外殼側 。管子通常具有75ηιπι(3吋）的直徑，表示熱傳之最大距離 約為38mm(l又1/2吋），亦即從管壁到管子中心的距離。雖 然在高壓運轉時，直徑小的管子具有諸項優點，但是由於 很難使固體物質流經管子，因此這種處理容器並不理想。 再者，外殼側上面的熱傳油料可能會發生循環和引流現象 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標>-(CNS > A4規格（210x297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A 7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) (導致煤炭處理不完全），且容器設計複雜並難以設計。尤 其是用於管束之末端金屬板難以設計，其係非常厚而昂貴 之構件。在這種反應器中煤炭之佔有率通常僅為容器總容 積的 30-50%。 本發明已經發現到，在一個處理容器中迫使工作流體 於處理容器中循環，以加熱或冷卻大量低導熱性材料，則 可達到特別有利的結果。 根據本發明，提供了一種加熱或冷卻大量固體料之方 法，該方法步驟包括：供應大量的材料，以在具有一條或 更多條供熱傳流體流過之通道的一個容器内形成一個填充 層；使熱傳流體通過一條或更多條通道；將工作流體注入 容器中；以及使工作流體於填充層中循環，循環步驟包括 從容器的一個或更多個部份中移除至少部分的工作流體， 接著使工作流體回到容器的其他部分，藉以在熱傳流體與 材料之間以及熱傳流體與工作流體之間產生間接熱傳，並 藉以在該工作流體與材料之間隨著工作流體通過填充層時 產生直接熱傳。 材料具有低導熱性較佳8 工作流體之循環具有經濟上的優點，原因在於工作流 體之需求量較少。 此外，使用循環工作流體在減少能量耗損上具有許多 優點，能量耗損之減少使其能夠將工作流體之質量流量提 高至最大希望程度而將熱傳作最佳化，並位在壓降及細粒 捲吸範圍内。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（INS') A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ^^1 m^t In m nn m n^i n^i m K In n tf m ^ V -I (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 鯉濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印笨 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 工作流體可利用一個風扇或任合適當裝置形成一個壓 力差而在處理容器中循環。 促使工作流艘流經填充層可增加材料的有效導熱性， 有效導熱性係材料粒子尺寸的一個函數且為通過填充層 之工作流艘質量流量的一個函數而會改變。尤其是增加 通過填充層之工作流體的質量流量會導致材料之有效導熱 性增加。 增加通過填充層之工作流體的質量流量可藉由增加工 作流體之速度而達成，但是這有一些限制，原因在於夾雜 在工作流體中的材料最好應該減至最少。 在工作流體為氣體或含有氣體的情況中，質量流量之 增加亦可藉由增加系統内之壓力或使用更高密度之氣體而 達成，更高之密度可藉由氣體之選擇而達成、例如使用氣 體或含有細緻油霧之氣體的一個混合物、小水滴或工作氣 體中夾雜的細微粒子。 本方法最好包括有藉由控制工作流禮的其中一個或更 多個速度、容器内壓力、以及工作流體金度，以控制工作 流體之質量流量。 於該方法係用以加熱大量材料的情況t，該方法和許 多習知技藝方法之間的差別在於其雖然並未受到阻礙，工 作流體在注入容器之前被加熱對於主題方法而言並非必要 的。 容器内部最好配置有一條或多條通道。 若熱傳流體流經配置在容器内之多塊金屬板中的通道 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 9 I - h I -I I - I --I--I L·__、1T _- (請先閱讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁) A7 ‘---------B7 五、發明説明（7 ) '一~ ：-- 則更佳，接著在金屬板外表面與材料和工作流趙之間產生 熱傳，傳至材料或來自材料之熱量可藉由流經容器内容精 之工U而提⑤，並與材料及金屬板外表面作各種接觸 〇 在整個規格中，”金屬板，，術語係用以涵蓋任何的三維 形狀，其某-邊的寬度小於其他兩邊的寬度，舉例來說， 金屬板可能包括平面金屬板或環型或圓柱形金屬板。 在整個規格中，”填充層”術語係指層内之粒子彼此互 相接觸。 應該注意的是，”填充層”術語並不排除粒子經由容納 填充層之谷器而移動，使粒子保持接觸。 亦該注意的是，”填充層”術語並不排除粒子在靜態層 中作局部性移動。 在煤炭的情況中，通常，，填充層，，術語係指填充層之容 積密度為600-800kg/m3。 工作流體最好為氣髏。 舉例來說，氣體可包括諸氣鱧或分散的細微液滴或細 微固趙的一個混合物。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 -----,---¢11 • I (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 雖在有些情況中使用含有可凝結成份的一個工作氣艘 可能會有好處，但是工作氣體在本方法中所遇到的條件下 最好是不會發生相變》 谷器内工作氣趙的表面速度最好是小於當填充層中的 大量材料被液化時的表面速度。 可以作為工作氣體之氣體包括有氧氣、氮氣、蒸氣、 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐） 經濟部中央栋準局負工消費合作社印製 A7 _____B7_五、發明説明（8 ) S〇2、C〇2、碳氫化合物、稀有氣體、冷卻劑（例如氟立昂） 以及其等之混合物。其他氣體亦可使用。若在處理容器中 的操作溫度下為氣相，則在周圍溫度下通常為液體之成份 亦可使用。 工作流體可能是惰性的，原因在於其並不與材料或處 理容器之内容物發生反應，然而在有些情況中，工作流體 可能含有或包括有會與材料反應之成份。 本方法可在不含上述金屬板的一個容器中進行，舉例 來說，該方法可在一個具有一條或更多條配置在容器内容 積内之導管的容器中完成。諸導管可以排成一列使大量 材料注入處理容器或從處理容器中排出更加容易。循環工 作流體視情況需要可分別藉由外在加熱裝置或冷卻裝置加 熱或冷卻。此範圍中的一個特殊處理容器係—個管内裝有 煤炭之Koppelman C系列外殼/管子處理容器。 本方法可在任合適當的壓力下操作，包括低氣壓、大 氣壓以及高氣壓。該方法於高壓下操作則更佳使工作流 體之質量流量達到最大且在使液化程度或粒子捲吸減皇最 小的範圍内。 4 根據本發明，亦提供了一種加熱或冷卻大量固體材料 之裝置，該裝置包括有： (i) 一個具有一外殼之處理容器，該外殼界定了一個 内谷積，用以容納作為固體填充層的大量材料以及位於 内容積之内的一個間接熱傳裝置，用以加熱或冷卻材料； (i i) 一個將工作流體注入容器令之裝置；以及 (請先閲t*背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 卜訂 II— n n ......... i { · 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) (iii)一個使工作流體於填充層中循環之裝置。 材料具有低導熱性較佳。- 若供工作流體於容器中環之裝置包括有一個入口，供 將工作流體從容器中移除；一個出口，供工作流體回到容 器申；以及一個泵或其他合適裝置，使工作流體經由容器 到達入口、並從入口到出口而完成循環則較佳。 諸入口及出口可位於任何適當位置，舉例來說，入口 可位於容器的一個上方部分，而出口可位於容器的一個下 方部分。 若間接熱傳裝置包括有多塊以導熱材料製成之金屬板 ,並配置在内容積之内，且每塊金屬板具有一條或更多條 供熱傳流體能夠流通之通道則較佳。 最好是，每塊使用中的金屬板在金屬板區域中的熱傳 流體和材料之間界定了一條或更多條導熱侧管，使其在使 用時，藉由熱傳流體和材料之間透過金屬板之熱傳，大體 上所有材料中的固體均能被加熱或冷卻至希望的溫度範圍 中〇 “導熱侧管”的觀念在國際專利申請書PCT/AU98/00005 中有詳細討論，而國際專利申請書中的發表内容在此列作 交叉參考。 容器最好是包括有一個入口裝置，供將材料注入容器 中，以及一個出口裝置，供將材料從容器中移除。 諸金屬板彼此之間最好是相對配置，使其在使用時材 料能夠在容器裝卸期間在相鄰金屬板之間流動。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i l· 丁 -•\s 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印掣 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1〇) 相鄰金屬板之間最好相隔50-500mm(2-20吋），相隔75 到200mm(3-8吋）則更佳，且相隔75到125mm(3-5吋）更佳。 容器尤其適用於在高壓下操作之方法，例如在2 barg(29.4psi)以上的壓力，最好是在4barg以上的壓力。 金屬板之導熱性最好是高於操作期間容器内材料之導 熱性。 在許多於高壓下處理固體材料之方法中，固體材料必 須維持在高於使熱傳流體通過諸通道所需壓力的一個壓力 下。舉例來說，於將煤炭脫水時，熱傳流體（通常為熱傳 油料）在大約150psi(1033kPa)的壓力下循環，而煤炭則維 持在80(^5丨（55101^&)的一個壓力下。因此，若容器内之 諸金屬板具有一條或少許供熱傳流體能夠流通之通道則較 佳。若諸通道具有相當小的直徑或或寬度，且通道壁之厚 度相當大則更佳。以稍微不同之術語表達之，通道佔金屬 板整個體積的百分比很小則較佳。這有助於確保通道壁足 夠堅硬以抵抗由作用於金屬板外侧及通道内側的壓力間之 壓力差異造成的壓力差。與熱襯套比較起來，金屬板較堅 硬，且在高壓下能夠防止塌陷或壓碎。 在遠離通道處，金屬板為固想較佳。 金屬板可用任合適當的高導熱性材料製成。 構成金屬板之材料大體上對流經諸通道之熱傳流體、 在容器内處理並與金屬板外側接觸之固體材料、以及容器 中的任何氣體或液體不易產生化學反應較佳。亦將了解到 ，這種金屬板與任何和金屬板相接的支撐裝置及輸送裝置 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梂準（CNS_) A4規格（210Χ：ΐ97公釐） _ 13 ^^^1 ml i m n^i me mu in m ml \ ^ Jiy i 1- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（u) 對於煤炭、流體及材料必須具有抗蝕性及抗磨性。 雖然金屬板為矩形，但是金屬板之外形可以作廣泛地 變化，平行四邊形或梯形載面較佳。 雖然亦可使用其他形狀，但是金屬板的外表面大體上 具有平坦表面較佳。金屬板亦可為圓柱形金屬板或環形金 屬板，以同心方式配置在容器之内。 相鄰金屬板之間的間隔實際上界定了一條固體材料之 通道，因此，相鄰金屬板之間的間隔應該足夠大，確保金 屬板之間不會被固體材料過度阻塞或橋接。再者，金屬板 之間的間隔必須足夠小，痛保傳至所有金屬板之間的固體 材料之傳遞速率夠大。對於固體材料如煤炭而言，其具有 相當低的一個導熱性，相鄰金屬板之間的間隔實際最大值 為200mm(8吋），由於分批處理時間較短，或使用較短的停 留時間，100nmi( 4叶）的間隔則更佳。 在一項較佳實施例中，容器大體上包括有一個圓柱形 部分，其中金屬板係配置成當朝橫載面觀測時，金屬板大 趙上係橫跨圓柱形部分之圓形橫截面的弦而延伸。若金屬 板大體上沿著容器的圓柱形部分長度延伸則較佳。 將這種容器定位成其中圓柱形部分的縱軸大體上垂直 亦很普遍。 這種容器通常亦具有一個排洩圓錐，其佔容器體積高 達 20%。 若谷is還具有一塊或更塊金属板，S己置在容器的排泡 圓錐部分之内，該金屬板包括有一條或更多條供一熱傳流 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（·2丨0X297公釐） I eh I nn HI —In 1 In mi -t^n I m^— ty -. (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫·本頁) 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印聚 A7 B7 五、發明説明（12) 體流過之通道則較佳。排洩圓錐内之金屬板的形狀最好能 夠避免固體流動時受阻，金屬板形狀可作成或切削成能夠 促進固趙流動，而仍然能夠充分地加熱或冷卻錐體内的固 體材料。 金屬板可接至容器的其中一端，使用時，透過一條或 更多條穿過容器外殼到達金屬板内之通道的熱傳流體管線 ，.從一熱傳流體來源供給熱傳流體。金屬板最好是從容器 的一個上端部分懸吊下來，由於固體流動之潛在性阻礙被 減至最小，因此這種配置較佳。亦可將金屬板接在容器的 一個下端部分，且當一熱傳流體循環泵被關閉時，若希望 使熱傳流體從金屬板中排出的話，則這種做法較為適合。 若以溶鹽作為熱傳流艘的話，由於能夠有利地確保這些溶 鹽從通道中排出，避免熔鹽可能會在通道中凍結因此使 用這種配置或許較佳。 參看諸幅附圖，現在來欽述本發明方法及裝置之較佳 實施例，其中： 第1圖繪示了根據.本發明方法其中—項實施例，將一 層煤炭冷卻之裝置的其中一項實施例圖解； 第2圖為第1圖繪示之裝置中，將一層煤炭冷卻時之預 測温度對距離曲線的一個描繪圖，其中金屬板間隔為75删 ，而作為工作流體之氮氣流量為06kg/m2s; 第3圖為第1圖螬·示之裝置中，在有無工作流鱧的情況 下，將一層煤炭冷卻時之預測層溫對時間的一個描緣圖， 其中金屬板間隔為7 5mm; 本紙乐尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS) A4规格（2】0X297公釐） I I n n n n n m Λ. n I I I I IK 丁 -- (請先閲讀背面之注$項再填tr本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印聚 A7 ____ 五、發明説明（13) 第4圖為實際層導熱性乃作為工作流體之氮氣流量的 一個函數之描繪圖； 第5圖為在第1圖繪示之裝置中，以氮氣作為工作流體 ，將一層煤炭冷卻至50°C的一個目標溫度之描示圊； 第6圖為本發明裝置中所採用的另一個金屬板設計； 第7圖為本發明裝置中根據另一項實施例之方法將煤 炭脫水的另一個實施例之侧正視圊； 第8圖為通過第7圖裝置之加熱處理容器的一個截面圖 » 第9圖為第7及8圖繪示之加熱處理容器的排洩錐體内 配置了金屬板的一個侧視圖，確保煤炭於排洩錐體内作處 理； 第10圖為第9圖之類似圖，但配置另一種金屬板； 第11圖為第9圖繪示之排洩錐體於錐體内配置放射狀 金屬板的一個載平面圖，確保煤炭於排洩錐體内作處理； 以及 第12圖繪示了其他金屬板外形。 本發明係用以在一個處理容器中加熱或冷卻大量材料 的方法及裝置，該方法係使工作流體於處理容器中循環。 第1-6圖中繪示之第一項實施例方法及裝置係關於將 一高熱、處理過的煤炭填充層冷卻之方法，例如利用 Koppelraan的美國專利第5,29〇,523號中所述之方法處理過 的煤厌。 第7-12圖中繪示之第二項實施例係關於將一煤炭填充 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（21〇χ 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再1^ 本頁) -Q. I訂 A7 __一 _ B7___ 五、發明説明（丨4) 層加熱（亦即脫水/濃縮）之方法。 參看第1圖，本發明裝置之第一項實施例包括有一個 具一倒圓錐形入口 51之壓力容器50、一個圓柱體64、一個 圓錐形出口 52以及一個由諸塊垂直配置之平行熱傳金屬板 53配置在圓柱體64及圓錐形出口 52的組件。 入口 51及出口 52可加以密封，以完全地將容器5〇密封 〇 下文中將參看第二項實施例而作更詳細敘述之諸金屬 板53包括有諸條通道（未示出），供一冷卻劑經由一條入口 管線54及一條出口管線55而於其通道中循環。冷卻劑係利 用一個冷卻塔或冷卻迴路（未示出）或其他合適裝置從外部 將其冷卻，一般而言，金屬板53間隔介於50和500 ram之間 ，一般介於75和125 mm之間。 圊錐形入口 51包括有： (i) 一個閥件88，讓煤炭倒入容器而在容器内形成一 個填充層；以及 (ii) 一個出氣口 90，讓氣體於容器50内壓力達到一預 定程度時從容器50中排出。 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印聚 該容器更包括有一條氮氣進氣管線56，供將氮氣注入 容器50中。 該裝置更包括有一個讓工作流體於填充層中循環之裝 置，工作流艘循環裝置係一條供作為工作流體之氮氣循環 的迴路，該迴路包括有一個位於容器上方部分之入口％, 使氮氣從容器50中排出，以及一個位於容器5〇下方部分之 17 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )八4胁（2! 〇 χ 297公董） 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（15) 出口 59，使氮氣回到容器中。迴路亦包括有一個離心風扇 60，迫使氮氣流經容器而抵達入口 58，且該風扇係位於入 口 58與出口 59之間。 氮氣之流動促使填充層内部之熱從煤炭粒子傳至金屬 板53。 第1圖繪示之裝置最好是以分批原則操作，其循環時 間吻合或小於從使用主要處理容器至濃縮煤炭所需之循環 時間，分批操作最好是使全部煤炭之冷卻時間達到最長。 在操作上，煤炭被供應至容器50中形成一個填充層， 接著利用氮氣將容器加壓至所需壓力，接著利用離心風扇 60使氮氣作為工作流體而於填充層中循環。於將容器50注 滿煤炭之前，可令供應給金屬板53之冷卻劑循環。另外， 於容器50注滿期間或在容器50注滿之後，可開始將冷卻劑 循環通過金屬板53。 為了論證本發明之功效，申請者開發了一種模型，以 氮氣作為工作流體，研究上述方法之熱傳特性。在此模型 中，假設煤炭之起始溫度為371°C(700°F),而金屬板溫度 為25°C(77°F)。對於每個模擬實驗而言，平均層溫經計算 為溫度的一個函數。假設目標平均層溫為50°C,而對於每 種情況來說，達到此目標溫度所需時間可以測定出。 第2圖繪示了由該模型所產生的不穩定溫度狀態對距 離曲線的圖示，在第2圖中，II氣流量設為0.6kg/m2。在 這些條件下，以氮氣作為工作流體通過填充層，利用來自 金屬板之傳導及氮氣流動所造成的對流而加以冷卻。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -.18 . (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -aYin Fan, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ^ ~ ____ B7_ 'V. Description of the Invention (1) The present invention relates to a method and a device for transferring heat to or from a large amount of solid materials. The present invention particularly relates to a method and apparatus for transferring heat to or from a large number of low thermal conductivity solid materials. Many industrial methods require heating or cooling a large amount of solid materials to start and maintain chemical reactions or physical changes. Generally, materials must be heated to South temperature to produce chemical reactions or physical changes. Unfortunately, many solid materials have very Low thermal conductivity makes it difficult to heat these materials with indirect heat transfer. This material is often passed through a direct heat transfer method, such as supplying hot gas to the filling layer or fluid layer material. As used throughout this specification, direct heat transfer means that the heat transfer system directly contacts the material to be heated or cooled > "Indirect heat transfer, which means using a physical barrier layer, such as a tube wall, to isolate the heat transfer fluid from the material to be heated or cooled. Some methods are not suitable for direct heat transfer, the heat capacity between solids and gases Than the need for a large amount of gas or liquid to transfer heat, for example, unless the filling layer is very coarse or the heating and cooling time is long, it is impossible to pass a large amount of airflow through the filling layer to transfer heat. On demand coal and other containing high temperature In the method of using volatile materials, direct heat transfer may cause the volatile materials to dissipate with the heated gas, making it difficult to remove the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas is discharged through the flue or smoke teeth. In other methods, direct heat transfer It may cause maintenance problems caused by the difficulty of handling solid materials or the retention of solid materials in the gas. In these methods, it is necessary to use Heat transfer is used to heat the material. A known method of indirect heat transfer is to use Köppelraan's US paper size to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 standard (210X297 mm) L ------ cII · J (谙 Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Order 4 Printed by the Central Government of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) Temperature described in National Patent No. 5,290,523 And pressure to concentrate coal, especially low-grade coal. In this method, a large amount of coal is heated under high pressure using a squeeze reaction caused by the structural restructuring of the coal and the decarbonization reaction, so that water can be removed from the coal. In addition, some soluble grey matter components can also be removed from coal. This is to use thermal dehydration and increase the heat value of coal anorexia to concentrate coal. During the concentration process, by maintaining a sufficiently high pressure, then In general, evaporation of the removed water can be avoided, which can reduce energy requirements. Furthermore, the water by-products produced are mainly in liquid form rather than steam form. The heat treatment of coal requires heat to be transferred to the coal ( Usually 300 ～ 60000 Btu / lb), however, the effective thermal conductivity of a coal filling layer is about 0 1 w / mK, making the coal layer a good insulator. There are several options that may be considered to promote the heating of the coal. And provide a method to achieve a reasonable coal layer heating time. The options include:-Increasing the heat driving force by increasing the temperature of the heat transfer medium. This will cause coal liquefaction. For low-level coal enrichment, the product is reduced. In addition, this will also cause tar and other volatile materials to condense in other parts of the container system.-Use of a fluid layer. This causes a large (inert) gas circulation, which again highlights the problem of coal liquefaction. It also The gas is required to be cooled and cleaned before the compressor that is recompressed or polluted at high temperature is operated. Both cases require cost and maintenance. Furthermore, the fluid layer isolates fine particles. -Using an agitating layer ' such as a rotary kiln. This paper ruler using inert gas under high pressure and General Ningsuo National Ginseng Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) in ^ i IT— ml mnm M ml m HI nn m ^ i V— ^ Jiy 1 * ~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 5-Printed by the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, A 7 _____B7__ 5. Description of the invention (3) The reactors have extremely high engineering difficulties and costs β Indirect heat transfer is better, but this will make the engineering complexity more complicated, and the share of coal in the container will decrease. _Fast drying with ground feed. This requires immediate solidification to produce a marketable product. It also requires an inert gas for heat transfer, and its reaction volume will be large due to the dispersed state of the solid substance. -Hydro-hydraulic dehydration of coal, in which coal is ground into fine particles and mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then heated to a high temperature under high pressure to maintain a liquid state. This process requires grinding the charcoal, which must then be coagulated or used directly in processing, such as in power plants. Furthermore, the water being heated is of high quality and this requires a large heat exchanger for heat recovery. With high pressures (greater than 10 barg), each of these options becomes more difficult. Because of minimal evaporation loss, low energy consumption, and most of the by-product water produced is liquid, it is better to use a packing layer and indirect heat transfer to heat or cool coal. The fill layer also allows for a wider range of coal sizes, and coarser coal sizes are better for fluid layer operations. The filling layer also minimizes the volume contained in the high-pressure vessel and increases the heating rate. The small container volume saves pressure time and container costs. The traditional method of enhancing indirect heat transfer is to provide a sufficient surface area between the heating medium and the material being heated. This requires the configuration of the shell and the tube. The heating medium is located inside the tube bundle or outside the tube bundle. This tube bundle is suitable for transferring heat to a liquid. And gas (although it is easy to manufacture and install, but it needs the paper standard universal g | National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (training thin) 6-I I--I In I-^ corpnn- I n IK —-(Please read the notes on the back before filling in the $ page) A7 _______; _____B7__ V. Description of the Invention (4) — ~ Maintenance) However, there are some restrictions when heating solids, especially in solids When coal with particle size up to 19 levels (0.75 inches) or coal with a size of up to 50 legs (2 inches) is rotated, it will encounter bridging and blocking problems. The heat transfer system for any such material must be designed to allow solids to flow freely, even at the beginning or end of a batch processing cycle, or during continuous processing. Further sources of difficulty regarding the outer shell and tube configuration of the above-mentioned conventional techniques In most conventional processing vessels, a drain cone is arranged at the lower end of the tube bundle in the vessel for discharging coal from the vessel. It is almost impossible for the tube bundle to extend into the drainage cone, so there will not be a sufficient volume of coal in the drainage cone to be heated by the tube bundle. To overcome this difficulty, some methods have proposed injecting water jets or jets into the coal layer. These are known as This working fluid can be vaporized (if liquid is desired) above the medium carbon layer and overheated, and then flows to the outlet at the bottom of the drain cone. The cooling solids in the drain cone are thus heated by the working fluid (by By convection of the working fluid and possibly by condensation). However, for the energy used for processing, the spraying of the working fluid can lead to serious results. ”Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economy μ ---------; ----. 1 ^ ( (Please read the note on the back first and then fill out this page) One of the methods in the known technique uses a shell and a tube-type heat transfer device, in which coal is supplied to the pipe side and a heat transfer oil flows through the shell side. The tube usually has a diameter of 75nm (3 inches), which indicates that the maximum distance of heat transfer is about 38mm (l and 1/2 inches), that is, the distance from the tube wall to the center of the tube. Although small diameter tubes have various advantages when operating at high pressures, this type of processing vessel is not ideal because it is difficult to pass solid material through the tube. In addition, the heat transfer oil on the shell side may circulate and drain. This paper size applies the Chinese national standard >-( CNS > A4 size (210x297 mm). Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. A 7 B7 V. Description of the invention (5) (resulting in incomplete coal processing), and the container design is complicated and difficult to design. Especially the metal plate used for the end of the tube bundle is difficult to design, which is a very thick and expensive component. In this type of reactor The share of coal in China is usually only 30-50% of the total volume of the container. The present invention has found that forcing a working fluid in a processing container to circulate in the processing container to heat or cool a large amount of low thermal conductivity material, it can reach A particularly advantageous result. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of heating or cooling a large amount of solid material, the method comprising the steps of supplying a large amount of material in a container having one or more channels through which a heat transfer fluid flows. Forming a filling layer inside; passing a heat transfer fluid through one or more channels; injecting a working fluid into a container; and Circulation in the filling layer. The circulation step includes removing at least part of the working fluid from one or more parts of the container, and then returning the working fluid to other parts of the container, so as to transfer heat between the heat transfer fluid and the material and heat transfer. Indirect heat transfer occurs between the fluid and the working fluid, and direct heat transfer occurs between the working fluid and the material as the working fluid passes through the packing layer. The material has a low thermal conductivity, and the circulation of the working fluid is economical. The advantage is that the demand for working fluid is small. In addition, the use of circulating working fluid has many advantages in reducing energy loss. The reduction in energy loss enables it to increase the mass flow of the working fluid to the maximum desired level and transfer heat as Optimized and located within the range of pressure drop and fine-grained entrainment. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (INS ') A4 (210 X 297 mm) ^^ 1 m ^ t In m nn mn ^ in ^ im K In n tf m ^ V -I (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, India Ben A7 B7 5. Description of Invention (6) Work The body can be circulated in the processing container using a fan or any suitable device when a pressure difference is formed. Promoting the flow of the vessel through the filling layer can increase the effective thermal conductivity of the material, which is a function of the particle size of the material and is passed A function of the mass flow rate of the working layer of the filling layer will change. In particular, increasing the mass flow rate of the working fluid through the filling layer will increase the effective thermal conductivity of the material. Increasing the mass flow rate of the working fluid through the filling layer can be increased by The speed of the working fluid is reached, but there are some limitations, because the material contained in the working fluid should preferably be minimized. In the case where the working fluid is a gas or contains a gas, the increase in mass flow can also be increased by increasing The pressure in the system can be achieved by using a higher density gas. Higher density can be achieved by the choice of gas, such as the use of a gas or a mixture of gas containing a fine oil mist, small water droplets, or fine particles contained in the working gas. Micro particles. The method preferably includes controlling the mass flow of the working fluid by controlling one or more speeds of the workflow, the pressure in the container, and the working fluid gold. In the case where this method is used to heat a large amount of material, the difference between this method and many known techniques is that although it is not hindered, it is not necessary for the subject method that the working fluid is heated before being injected into the container. It is best to configure one or more channels inside the container. If the heat transfer fluid flows through the channels in the multiple metal plates arranged in the container, the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 9 I-h I -II-I --I--IL · __, 1T _- (Please read the note on the back before filling in this page) A7 '--------- B7 V. Description of the invention (7)' 一 ~:-it is better, then Heat transfer occurs between the outer surface of the metal plate and the material and the work flow. The heat transferred to or from the material can be extracted by flowing through the contents of the container. Throughout the specification, "metal sheet," the term is used to cover any three-dimensional shape, and the width of one side is smaller than the width of the other two sides. For example, a metal plate may include a flat metal plate or a ring or a cylinder. Shaped metal plate. Throughout the specification, the term "filler" refers to the particles in the layer in contact with each other. It should be noted that the term "filler" does not preclude particles from moving through the trough that holds the filler, so that the particles Keep in touch. It should also be noted that the term "filler" is not exclusive. In addition to the local movement of particles in the static layer. In the case of coal, usually, the filling layer, the term refers to the bulk density of the filling layer is 600-800kg / m3. The working fluid is preferably gas skull. For example The gas can include a mixture of gas droplets or dispersed fine droplets or a mixture of fine solids. Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -----, --- ¢ 11 • I (Please read the back first Please note this page before filling in this page) Although in some cases it may be beneficial to use a working gas vessel containing a condensable component, it is best that the working gas does not undergo phase changes under the conditions encountered in this method " The surface velocity of the working gas in the trough is preferably lower than the surface velocity when a large amount of material in the filling layer is liquefied. Gases that can be used as working gas include oxygen, nitrogen, and steam. CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm) A7 printed by the Central Construction Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives _____B7_ V. Description of the invention (8) S〇2, C〇2, hydrocarbons, noble gases, coolant (example (Freon) and mixtures thereof. Other gases can also be used. If the operating temperature in the processing vessel is a gas phase, components that are usually liquid at ambient temperature can also be used. The working fluid may be inert, The reason is that it does not react with the material or the contents of the processing container. However, in some cases, the working fluid may contain or include components that will react with the material. This method can be performed in a container that does not contain the above-mentioned metal plate. For example, the method can be performed in a container having one or more conduits disposed within the container volume. The conduits can be lined up to make it easier to pour a large amount of material into or out of the processing container. The circulating working fluid may be heated or cooled by an external heating device or a cooling device, respectively, as required. A special processing vessel in this area is a Koppelman C series shell / tube processing vessel with coal in one tube. The method can be operated at any suitable pressure, including low pressure, atmospheric pressure, and high pressure. This method is better to operate under high pressure to maximize the mass flow of the working fluid and to minimize the extent of liquefaction or particle entrainment. 4 According to the present invention, there is also provided a device for heating or cooling a large amount of solid material, the device comprising: (i) a processing container having an outer shell defining an inner valley to accommodate as a solid filling layer A large amount of material and an indirect heat transfer device located inside the volume to heat or cool the material; (ii) a device for injecting a working fluid into the container; and (please read the note $ on the back of t * before filling (This page) Binding II—nn ......... i {· This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm). Printed by A7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs. B7 V. Description of the invention (9) (iii) A device for circulating working fluid in the filling layer. The material has better low thermal conductivity. -If the device for the working fluid in the container includes an inlet for removing the working fluid from the container; an outlet for the working fluid to return to the container; and a pump or other suitable device for the working fluid to reach through the container It is preferable to complete the cycle from the entrance to the exit. The inlets and outlets can be located in any suitable location, for example, the inlets can be located in an upper part of the container and the outlets can be located in a lower part of the container. It is better if the indirect heat transfer device includes a plurality of metal plates made of a thermally conductive material and is arranged in the inner volume, and each metal plate has one or more channels through which the heat transfer fluid can flow. Preferably, each metal plate in use defines one or more thermally conductive side pipes between the heat transfer fluid and the material in the area of the metal plate, so that during use, the heat transfer fluid and the material are used between the heat transfer fluid and the material. Through the heat transfer of metal plates, solids in almost all materials can be heated or cooled to the desired temperature range. The concept of "thermally conductive side tubes" is discussed in detail in International Patent Application PCT / AU98 / 00005, and Publications in international patent applications are listed here for cross reference. The container preferably includes an inlet device for injecting material into the container and an outlet device for removing material from the container. The metal plates are preferably arranged opposite each other so that during use, the material can flow between adjacent metal plates during container handling. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) il · ding- • \ s Staff Consumer Cooperative Cooperative Seal of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) It is better that the adjacent metal plates are separated by 50-500mm (2-20 inches), more preferably 75-200mm (3-8 inches) apart, and 75-125mm (3-5 Inches). The container is particularly suitable for processes operating at high pressures, such as pressures above 2 barg (29.4 psi), preferably pressures above 4 barg. The thermal conductivity of the metal plate is preferably higher than that of the material in the container during operation. In many methods of processing solid materials under high pressure, the solid material must be maintained at a pressure higher than the pressure required to pass the heat transfer fluid through the channels. For example, when dewatering coal, the heat transfer fluid (usually a heat transfer oil) circulates at a pressure of about 150 psi (1033 kPa), while the coal is maintained at a pressure of 80 (^ 5 丨 (55101 ^ &)). Therefore, it is better if the metal plates in the container have one or a few channels through which the heat transfer fluid can circulate. It is more preferable if the channels have a relatively small diameter or width and the thickness of the channel wall is relatively large. Expressed in slightly different terms, a small percentage of the entire volume of the metal plate is better. This helps to ensure that the channel wall is hard enough to resist the pressure difference between the pressure acting on the outside of the metal plate and the inside of the channel Pressure difference. Compared with thermal bushings, metal plates are harder and can prevent collapse or crushing under high pressure. Metal plates are better to be far away from channels. Metal plates can be made of any suitable high thermal conductivity material The material constituting the metal plate generally convects the heat transfer fluid flowing through the channels, the solid material processed in the container and in contact with the outside of the metal plate, and any gas or liquid in the container The body is not prone to chemical reactions. It will also be understood that this metal plate and any supporting device and conveying device connected to the metal plate are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS_) A4 specification (210 ×: 97mm) _ 13 ^^^ 1 ml imn ^ i me mu in m ml \ ^ Jiy i 1- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (U) Corrosion and abrasion resistance must be provided for coal, fluids and materials. Although the metal plate is rectangular, the outer shape of the metal plate can be widely changed, and a parallelogram or trapezoidal surface is preferred. Although other types can also be used Shape, but the outer surface of the metal plate generally has a flat surface. The metal plate can also be a cylindrical metal plate or a ring-shaped metal plate, which is arranged inside the container in a concentric manner. The space between adjacent metal plates is actually defined A solid material channel, therefore, the spacing between adjacent metal plates should be large enough to ensure that the metal plates are not overly blocked or bridged by the solid material. Furthermore, the The interval must be small enough that the transfer rate of solid materials between all metal plates is sufficiently high. For solid materials such as coal, it has a relatively low thermal conductivity, and the interval between adjacent metal plates is practical The maximum value is 200 mm (8 inches). Due to the shorter batch processing time or the use of a shorter residence time, a 100 nmi (4-leaf) interval is better. In a preferred embodiment, the container generally includes A cylindrical portion in which the metal plate is configured such that when viewed toward a transverse load plane, the upper plate of the metal plate extends across a chord of a circular cross section of the cylindrical portion. If the metal plate is generally along the cylinder of the container The length of the shaped portion is preferably extended. It is also common to position such containers in which the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion is substantially vertical. Such containers usually also have a drain cone, which accounts for up to 20% of the container volume. If Guisi also has one or more metal plates, S has been placed in the bubble-cone cone portion of the container, and the metal plates include one or more for heat transfer. The paper dimensions are applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS > A4 specifications (· 2 丨 0X297mm) I eh I nn HI —In 1 In mi -t ^ n I m ^ — ty-. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in · this page) Local Shellfish Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. Printing Poly A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (12) The channel through which the body flows is better. The shape of the metal plate in the drainage cone is best to avoid obstruction when the solid flows. The shape of the metal plate can be made or cut into Can promote solid flow, while still being able to fully heat or cool the solid material in the cone. The metal plate can be connected to one end of the container, and when in use, through one or more channels through the container shell to the metal plate. The heat transfer fluid line is supplied from a heat transfer fluid source. The metal plate is preferably suspended from an upper end portion of the container. This potential is hindered by the potential of solid flow, so this configuration is Good. The metal plate is connected to a lower end portion of the container, and this method is more suitable if the heat transfer fluid is to be discharged from the metal plate when a heat transfer fluid circulation pump is turned off. If dissolved salt is used as the heat transfer flow In the case of a ship, this configuration may be better because it can advantageously ensure that these dissolved salts are discharged from the channel and avoid molten salts from freezing in the channel. Referring to the drawings, the method and device of the present invention will now be described. A preferred embodiment, wherein: FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a device for cooling a layer of coal according to one embodiment of the method of the present invention; FIG. 2 illustrates the device illustrated in FIG. 1 A drawing of the predicted temperature versus distance curve when a layer of coal is cooled, in which the metal plate interval is 75 deleted, and the nitrogen flow rate as the working fluid is 06kg / m2s; Figure 3 is shown in the device shown in Figure 1 A drawing of the predicted layer temperature vs. time when a layer of coal is cooled with or without a work flow, where the metal plate interval is 75 mm; the paper scale is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A 4Specifications (2) 0X297 mm II nnnnnm Λ. N IIII IK Ding-(Please read the note on the back and fill in the tr page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives, A7 ____ V. Invention Explanation (13) Figure 4 is a depiction of the actual layer thermal conductivity as a function of the nitrogen flow rate of the working fluid; Figure 5 is the device shown in Figure 1 with nitrogen as the working fluid to cool a layer of coal A description of a target temperature to 50 ° C; Figure 6 is another metal plate design used in the device of the present invention; Figure 7 is a method of dewatering coal in a device according to another embodiment of the present invention Figure 8 is a side elevation view of another embodiment; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the heat treatment container through the device of Figure 7 »Figure 9 is a metal disposed in the drain cone of the heat treatment container shown in Figures 7 and 8 A side view of the plate to ensure that the coal is processed in the drainage cone; Figure 10 is similar to Figure 9 but with another metal plate; Figure 11 is the drainage cone in the cone shown in Figure 9 One carrier plane with radial metal plate inside To ensure that the coal in the cone for the excretion process; and FIG. 12 illustrates a metal plate of other shape. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for heating or cooling a large amount of material in a processing container, which method circulates working fluid in the processing container. The first embodiment method and device shown in Figures 1-6 is a method for cooling a high-heat, treated coal filling layer, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,29,523, Koppelraan The method is used to treat the coal exhaustion. The second embodiment shown in Figs. 7-12 is about the application of Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 size (21〇χ 297 mm)) for filling a paper with coal. The paper size (please read the precautions on the back first) 1 ^ this page) -Q. I order A7 __ 一 _ B7___ V. Description of the invention (丨 4) The method of heating the layer (ie, dehydration / concentration). Referring to Fig. 1, the first embodiment of the device of the present invention It consists of a pressure vessel 50 with an inverted conical inlet 51, a cylinder 64, a conical outlet 52, and a parallel heat transfer metal plate 53 arranged vertically on the cylinder 64 and the conical outlet 52. The inlet 51 and the outlet 52 can be sealed to completely seal the container 50. The metal plates 53 which will be described in more detail below with reference to the second embodiment include channels (not shown), A coolant is circulated in its passage through an inlet line 54 and an outlet line 55. The coolant is cooled from the outside using a cooling tower or cooling circuit (not shown) or other suitable device, and generally, Metal plate 53 spacer Between 50 and 500 ram, generally between 75 and 125 mm. 圊 The tapered inlet 51 includes: (i) a valve 88 that pours coal into the container to form a filling layer in the container; and (ii) ) An air outlet 90 allows the gas to be discharged from the container 50 when the pressure in the container 50 reaches a predetermined level. The Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China printed a container that also includes a nitrogen gas inlet line 56 for nitrogen injection The container 50. The device further includes a device for circulating the working fluid in the filling layer. The working vessel circulation device is a circuit for circulating nitrogen gas as the working fluid. The circuit includes an inlet at the upper part of the container. The nitrogen gas is discharged from the container 50, and a paper standard 17 in the lower part of the container 50 is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Ya 4 threats (2! 〇χ 297), the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau Off-Work Consumer Cooperatives Print A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (15) Outlet 59 returns nitrogen to the container. The circuit also includes a centrifugal fan 60 to force the nitrogen to flow through the container to the inlet 58, and the fan is located between the inlet 58 and the outlet 59. The flow of nitrogen causes the heat inside the filling layer to be transferred from the coal particles to the metal plate 53. The device shown in Figure 1 is preferably operated on a batch basis. The cycle time matches or is less than the cycle time required to use the main processing vessel to concentrate the coal. Batch operations are best to maximize the cooling time of all coal. In operation, coal is supplied to the container 50 to form a filling layer. The container is then pressurized to the required pressure with nitrogen, and then the centrifugal fan 60 is used to circulate nitrogen as a working fluid in the filling layer. Before the container 50 is filled with coal, the coolant supplied to the metal plate 53 may be circulated. In addition, the coolant can be circulated through the metal plate 53 during or after the container 50 is filled. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the present invention, the applicant developed a model using nitrogen as a working fluid to study the heat transfer characteristics of the above method. In this model, the initial temperature of coal is assumed to be 371 ° C (700 ° F) and the temperature of the metal plate is 25 ° C (77 ° F). For each simulation experiment, the average layer temperature is calculated as a function of temperature. Assuming the target average layer temperature is 50 ° C, the time required to reach this target temperature can be determined for each case. Figure 2 shows a graph of the unstable temperature state versus distance curve produced by the model. In Figure 2, the II gas flow rate is set to 0.6 kg / m2. Under these conditions, nitrogen is used as a working fluid to pass through the packing layer, and cooling is performed by conduction from the metal plate and convection caused by nitrogen flow. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) -.18. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -a
經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印家 五、發明説明（l6) 山從第2圖中緣示之溫度對距離曲線的圖示可以看出， 煤炭之平均温度經計算為時間的一個函數，此示 於第3圖中。 3 ®吾下 第3圖亦繪示了利用第1圖之裝置加以冷卻，但未使一 工作流趙循環通過容器時的—個平均溫度對時間曲線之圖 示β 從第3时可清楚看出，藉由工作流體可使冷卻至肌 所需的時間急劇減少（大約4的一個因子）。 如觀察第3圖所得，利用工作流體而使冷卻時間減少 可能歸因於工作流趙提供了一額外的對流機制其增加了 填充層的有效導熱性。 再者，申請者發現到有效導熱性的增加與流過填充層 之工作流體的流量成正比，此機能示於第4圖中。 第3圖中繪示之曲線係針對各種工作流量及金屬板間 隔而產生的，從這些曲線中可以判定出達到5〇0(：之目標平 均/m·度所需的時間，此資訊描續·於第$圊之分佈圖中，其 顯示出對於不同的工作流量而言，冷卻時間乃金屬板間隔 的一個函數。第5圖顯示可以增加金屬板間隔，但必須增 加工作流體之流量才能得到令人滿意的冷卻時間。 用於熱傳之氣流可向上或向下流經填充層’而較佳的 配置為向上流動。在任何通過填充層之氣體的流量處填 充層内的氣體有一個相對應的填隙速度，若填隙速度超過 依粒子之最终速度，則該粒子會進入氣流中，或許被吹出 煤炭層之外。這可能會導致固體物質從煤炭層中流失，因 本紙張尺度適用中國國家知準（CNS ) 乂4規格（210X 297公釐） 19 „ ------r 『* (請先閲讀背面之注f項再填寫本I) 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五'發明説明（π) 而降低分批產量。因此，通過煤炭層之氣體速度應加以控 制，使進入氣流令的粒子減至最少。有一個方式能夠降低 通過煤炭層之氣體流量，而維持可以接受的一個流量，亦 即增加系統之壓力。 隨著分批處理之進行，煤炭層内的溫度會明顯降低， 為了在分批處理期間控制通過煤炭層之流量，其中一個選 擇為當溫度降低時將系統内的壓力降低，而另一個選擇為 當溫度降低時將離心風扇的速度降低β 如第1圖中所示，在工作流體循環迴路十可選擇安裝 一個氣體急冷器62，可以使用外接式的氣體急冷器62，其 兩個有利理由如下： (i)若氣體於再注入容器50之前即被冷卻，且冷卻氣 想被注入容器之圓雜形區域63内，則冷卻氣體内有足夠的 〜熱容可以冷卻錐形區域63内的多數煤炭，這樣可以不需要 將金屬板53伸入容器50之圓錐形區域63内，或者不需使用 金屬板。 (i i)若氣艘於冷卻初期被急速士卻至低溫，則揮發性 有機物可從氣流中加以濃縮。 本方法可以在大氣壓力或高於大氣壓力下操作，若流 動條件合適，則可充分地減少風扇尺寸，而將風扇安裝在 容器50内。雖然這會造成保養困難，然而卻使整個裝置更 加輕巧。 第1圖中繪示之裝置亦可在來自冷卻器之氮氣排洩導 管内形成一個或更多個漩流，確保任何來自填充層之煤炭 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ------^ΐτ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B7 五、奋明説明（18) 粒子與氮氣氣流隔離，雖然任何人會發覺到進入氣流内的 粒子可能會脫離氣.流這可能使更高的氣流通過填充層。 本方法已經敘述過一種有關固體進料及排洩之分批操 作，然而，第1圖繪示之裝置亦能在一連續流模式中運作。 處理容器内的另一種金屬板設計繪示於第6圖中，在此 設計中，金屬板具有兩根鍋爐管71、72,每一侧焊有傳導旁 通金屬板73至78,以增加對填充層之熱傳表面。諸金屬板 可以一定的間隔重疊，減少製造期間的彎曲，可以沿著金 屬板以雷射切割凹槽。鍋爐管71、72提供了通道79 ' 8〇, 供熱傳流體通過而加熱或冷卻填充層。第6圖中飨示之金 屬板設計可根據本發明第1至6圖中螬示之實施例或第8至 12圖中繪示之實施例而加以利用。 在上述實施例中，氮氣係作為工作流體。即將了解到， 其他成分亦可作為工作流體，尤其是其他氣體、兩種以上 氣艘的混合物、氣體或混合物或含有細敏油霧之氣體、小 水滴及細小固體兩者、或其中任何一方。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印« 參看第7至12圖，在將煤炭脫水一文中所發表之裝置的 第二項實施例包括有一個處理容器2〇,用以在壓力下加熱 一煤炭填充層而將煤炭脫水。 容器20包括有一個外殼1〇和多塊平行而垂直配置之金 屬板12a至12h，位於容器20的一個圓柱形區域内。 雖然第8圖繪示了容器20中的8塊金屬板，但是必須瞭 解的是，可以使用更少或更多數目的金屬板。每塊金屬板 12a至12h具有兩條通道I4(a-h)、15(a-h)，供熱傳油能夠 21 » I 1 In In ^^^1 m· ^^1 In ami i·^— V J i / * (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） A7 B7 五、發明説明（19) 通過。 容器20亦包括有一塊懸浮液及油液供料板22，配置在 其頂端部份處，金屬板12a- 12h從安裝至一連串配置在金屬 板22内周圍上之掛鉤的鏈條懸吊下來。應該注意的是任 何適當的懸吊裝置及支撐裝置可用以懸吊或支撐容器内之 金屬板。 金屬板12a係以虛線繪示於第7圖中，並且可以看出，金 屬板12a沿著容器20之實際長度延伸，接至熱油供應源（未 示出）之供油管線24透過歧管配置（未示出）供油給金屬板 12a-12h，回油管線25使油料回到供油裝置中。 在一項特殊實施例中，容器20大約7米（23尺）長，並具 有大約1米（3.3尺）的一個半徑。 容器20亦包括有一個氣體/液體入口 56，供將加壓流 體及工作流體兩者、或其中任何一方注入容器中。 此外，重要的是，如第一項實施例一樣，容器2〇包括 有一個供工作流體、例如氮氣，流經容器2〇而循環之裝置 。如第一項實施例一樣，工作流體循環裝置包括有入口 58 、出口 59及風扇60。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印家 為了促進煤炭裝入容器20中，容器20具有一個進料漏 斗25，配置在容器20頂端上方，並與其偏離一個距離。進 料漏斗25可偏離容器20 —個距離，讓金屬板ua-izh於保 養或更換時能夠單獨或整體一起移動。進料漏斗25係透過 偏位導管26而接至容器20中，煤炭則從進料漏斗25流經偏 位導管26而進入容器20内。偏位導管26具有閥門26a,用 22 ^^1 - -i - - - - - I - - — i HI - —I _li 1—I —.1 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央梂隼局負工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2〇) 以控制大量的煤炭。使用時，#炭向下流經由相鄰金屬板 12a、12b等之端表面所界定的流道，並將容器填滿而形成 一個填充層。 容器20包括有一個排洩錐體27,使煤炭能夠從其排出 。當容器20裝滿煤炭時，排洩錐體27亦裝滿煤炭。為了處 理充滿排洩錐體27之煤炭，可在排洩錐體内配置許多金屬 板，如下文所述。 排洩雜趙27具有一個閥門27a，經由排洩滑槽28接至 一個冷卻筒29。使用時，當煤炭被處理過後，其通過排洩 滑槽28而進入冷卻筒29中，高溫煤炭於該處被冷卻至大約 70oC以下的一個溫度。冷卻筒可以是第1圖中繪示之型式 的一個處理容器。當冷卻至希望的溫度之後，處理過的煤 炭經由閥門30a而自底部出口 3〇排出。 現在敘述第7圖繪示之裝置的操作。當容器2〇裝滿煤 炭之後，容器被密封並以氮氣加壓’並將高溫熱傳油料注 入金屬板12a、12b-12h内之通道中。此外，風扇6〇開始·運 轉，使氣氣經由容器20到入口 58.，並從入口 58到出口，最 後回到容器20中而作循環。 高溫油料之溫度一般為350到380°C(662-716oF)。即 將了解到，不同的煤炭種類及其他處理中的固趙可能需要 那些上述所引用的不同最佳溫度。高溫油料可以在容器裝 滿煤厌之前'裝滿煤炭期間或已經滿滿蠻炭之後供應至金 屬板。 由於金屬板12a、12b等之兩導熱性，金屬板迅速地加 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X2打公釐） ---：------------—.η • · (請先聞讀背面之注##•項再填寫本頁) 23 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印1i A7 _：_____B7_ 五、發明説明（21) 熱至油料之實際溫度（在下一個循環中，金屬板將已經處 於高溫下），熱接著從高溫金屬板傳至煤炭中且循環中 的工作流體可促進熱傳。煤炭溫度升高，隨著煤炭之結構 重組，迫使水分從煤炭排出而發生膨脹或擠壓反應。當維 持煤炭於容器中一段希望的時間之後，容器被排空而使容 器中的壓力降低，處理過的煤炭則被排至冷卻筒29内加以 冷卻，接著排出，出售或作進一步處理，例如作成煤球。 第9及10圖繪示了第7圖中之排洩錐體27的側正視圖， 係將金屬板12a- 12h配置在錐體内（以虛線表示），嘩保錐 艘中的任何煤炭都能夠充分地加熱至高溫足夠的時間以 完全地加以處理。 如第9圖中所示，金屬板i2a-12h向下伸入錐體内不同 之寬度，中央金屬板更深入錐體中。第9圖之配置確保煤 炭能夠自由地通過錐體，而確保熱能夠充分地傳至錐體内 的煤炭中。 於第10圖中，金屬板12a-12h之形狀係順著錐體外形 ，而且，有些金屬板較其他金屬板更伸入錐體内，以確保 煤炭能夠自由地通過錐體。 第11圖繪示了錐體27的一個平面圖，在第11圖中，有 一系列的輻射狀金屬板32a到32h永久性地安裝在雜想27内 ，金屬板32a到32h可以具有自己的油料供應，或者可從第 2圏中繪示之油管24供應。 第8圖缯·示之金屬板橫截面係從熱油通道向.内逐漸變 細，然而，其他金屬板亦可使用，其他一些橫截面緣示於 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS > A4规格（210Χ297公釐） —-------I— * Μ (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 訂 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印掣 五、發明説明（22) 第12圊中。 第12A圖繪示了具有寬闊中央部分34的一塊金屬板， 其中油道35係於中央部分形成，並朝狹窄端36、37逐漸變 細〇 第12B圖緣示了具有大致上平行之橫截面的一塊金屬 板’第12B圖中繪示之金屬板係一塊相當小的金屬板。 第12C圖繪示了具有正方形油道39的一塊金屬板，該 油道係於其中央部分形成，並朝尖端4〇及4丨逐漸變細。 第12D圖繪示了大體上與第8圖中所示類似的一塊金屬 板，不同之處在於油道42、43係圓形截面。 第12E圖續'示了大體上與第12D圖中所示類似的一塊金 屬板，但是油道44、45包括有從金屬板向内成形之突起部 分，以增加油道至金屬板的熱傳面積。第12F圖中更清楚 繪不了較第12E圏中所示更寬闊的一塊金屬板，且此金屬 板具有較大的油道46、47。 第12G圖緣示了具有圓形橫截面油道的一塊金屬板。 第7至12圖中繪示之容器設計與金屬板外形可以有多 種變化，尤其是，金屬板12a-12h之間隔可依構成金屬板 之材料的傳導性、供應至容器中的固體材料流動性以及反 應所需的停留時間而加以變化。金屬板厚度亦可改變。吾 人已經示出，隨著金屬板厚度增加，金屬板之，，熱容，，會增 加’其作用在於消除任何在特殊反應期間可能會發生的溫 度下降。關於這一點，咸信較厚之金屬板具有較大的熱質 量或熱道碴，並可減少處理所需的焓。金屬板12a-12h可 本紙張尺度適用 ---„------^fvw^-- *- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 丁 *-·β 25 經濟部中央標準局貞工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（23) 配置成大體上在容器内垂直延伸（如第7及8圖中所示）。然 而，金屬板亦可朝水平或傾斜方向配置。由於重力有助於 固體從谷器中排出，.金屬板最好是朝垂直方向配置。其亦 可具有一個或更多個從金屬板表面延伸之橫向延伸部分， 以增加傳至固體材料中的熱。任何這種棟向延伸部份應使 阻礙固體流動的情況減至最小。 ， 金屬板12a-12h最好是以活動方式裝在容器内，而且 最好是僅接於容器其中一端。舉例來說，如上所述，金屬 板可懸吊在鏈條上面。金屬板之間或許需要間隔件，而間 隔件最好能夠讓金屬板稍微移動，若金屬板之間的其中一 條流動通道被阻塞的話，此配置讓金屬板能夠移動，該移 動有助於清除阻塞物。其亦可包括有移動金屬板之裝置， 例如推桿、擊槌或振動器。 金屬板12a-12h可從容器中單獨或整體一起移除，供 保養金屬板或更換金屬板。 金屬板12a-12h亦可具有排茂通道或注射通道，選擇 性地讓固體材料排出或選擇性地讓其他媒介注入固體材料 層中。 由於具有外殼之壓力容器完全不受加熱裝置（遠離輸 入及輸出之油管）的影響，容器可加襯一絕緣材料（例如耐 火襯墊），亦能夠加襯抗磨襯墊。這樣能使容器之結構壁 和邊緣維持在100T以下的操作溫度，可相當節省所用的 _ 鋼材》 容器之外设需要完整的壓力等級，但由於其能夠，，變 本纸張尺度適用中國國家榇準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Yin Jia, Consumers Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China 5. Description of the Invention (16) From the graph of the temperature vs. distance curve shown in Figure 2, the average coal temperature is calculated as a function of time. This is shown in Figure 3. 3 ® Figure 3 below also illustrates the use of the device in Figure 1 to cool, but does not circulate a workflow Zhao through the container-a graph of the average temperature versus time curve β can be clearly seen from the third time In addition, the time required to cool down to the muscles is drastically reduced by the working fluid (a factor of about 4). As observed in Figure 3, the decrease in cooling time using the working fluid may be due to the fact that the workflow Zhao provides an additional convection mechanism which increases the effective thermal conductivity of the filling layer. Furthermore, the applicant found that the increase in effective thermal conductivity is proportional to the flow rate of the working fluid flowing through the packing layer, and this function is shown in Figure 4. The curves shown in Figure 3 are generated for various working flows and metal plate intervals. From these curves, the time required to reach the target average of 50,000 (: m / degree) can be determined. This information is continued · In the distribution diagram at $ 圊, it shows that for different working flows, the cooling time is a function of the metal plate interval. Figure 5 shows that the metal plate interval can be increased, but the flow rate of the working fluid must be increased to obtain Satisfactory cooling time. The gas flow for heat transfer can flow up or down through the packing layer. The preferred configuration is to flow upward. There is a corresponding gas in the packing layer at any flow rate of gas passing through the packing layer. If the interstitial velocity exceeds the final velocity of the particles, the particles will enter the airflow and may be blown out of the coal layer. This may cause the solid matter to be lost from the coal layer. This paper is applicable to China National Knowledge Standard (CNS) 乂 4 size (210X 297 mm) 19 „------ r『 * (Please read the note f on the back before filling in this I) Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printing A7 B7 5 'invention description (π) to reduce batch yield. Therefore, the gas velocity through the coal layer should be controlled to minimize the particles entering the airflow. There is a way to reduce the gas flow through the coal layer To maintain an acceptable flow rate, that is, to increase the pressure of the system. With the batch process, the temperature in the coal layer will be significantly reduced. In order to control the flow through the coal layer during batch processing, one of the options is When the temperature decreases, the pressure in the system is reduced, and the other option is to reduce the speed of the centrifugal fan when the temperature is reduced. As shown in the first figure, a gas quencher 62 can be installed in the working fluid circulation circuit. An external gas quencher 62 can be used for two advantageous reasons: (i) If the gas is cooled before it is re-injected into the container 50 and the cooling gas is intended to be injected into the circular heterogeneous area 63 of the container, the gas is cooled. There is enough heat capacity to cool most of the coal in the conical area 63, so that it is not necessary to extend the metal plate 53 into the conical area of the container 50 63, or the use of metal plates is not required. (Ii) If the gas vessel is rapidly cooled to a low temperature in the early stage of cooling, the volatile organic compounds can be concentrated from the air stream. This method can be operated at atmospheric pressure or higher. If the flow conditions are appropriate, the fan size can be reduced sufficiently, and the fan can be installed in the container 50. Although this will cause maintenance difficulties, it will make the entire device lighter. The device shown in Figure 1 can also be used for cooling One or more vortices are formed in the nitrogen exhaust duct of the device to ensure that any coal from the filling layer is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ------ ^ ΐτ (please first Read the notes on the back and fill in this page) A7 B7 V. Fenming Note (18) The particles are isolated from the nitrogen gas flow, although anyone will find that the particles entering the air flow may escape the gas. This may cause higher air flow Through the filling layer. The method has described a batch operation involving solid feed and discharge. However, the apparatus shown in Figure 1 can also be operated in a continuous flow mode. Another metal plate design in the processing vessel is shown in Figure 6. In this design, the metal plate has two boiler tubes 71, 72, and conductive bypass metal plates 73 to 78 are welded on each side to increase the Heat transfer surface of the filling layer. The metal plates can be overlapped at certain intervals to reduce bending during manufacturing, and the laser can be used to cut grooves along the metal plate. Boiler tubes 71, 72 provide channels 79'80 for the heat transfer fluid to pass through to heat or cool the packing layer. The design of the metal plate shown in Fig. 6 can be used according to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 6 or the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 to 12 of the present invention. In the above embodiment, nitrogen is used as the working fluid. It will soon be understood that other components can also be used as working fluids, especially other gases, mixtures of two or more gas vessels, gases or mixtures or gases containing fine oil mist, small water droplets and fine solids, or any of them. Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative «Referring to Figures 7 to 12, the second embodiment of the device published in the article Dewatering Coal includes a processing vessel 20 for heating a coal under pressure Fill the layer and dewater the coal. The container 20 includes a casing 10 and a plurality of metal plates 12a to 12h arranged in parallel and vertically, and is located in a cylindrical region of the container 20. Although FIG. 8 shows eight metal plates in the container 20, it must be understood that a smaller or larger number of metal plates may be used. Each metal plate 12a to 12h has two channels I4 (ah) and 15 (ah), which can supply heat and oil 21 »I 1 In In ^^^ 1 m · ^^ 1 In ami i · ^ — VJ i / * (Please read the notes on the reverse side before filling out this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of invention (19) Passed. The container 20 also includes a suspension and oil supply plate 22 arranged at the top portion thereof, and metal plates 12a-12h are suspended from a chain mounted to a series of hooks arranged around the inside of the metal plate 22. It should be noted that any suitable suspension device and support device can be used to suspend or support the metal plates in the container. The metal plate 12a is shown in Figure 7 with a dashed line, and it can be seen that the metal plate 12a extends along the actual length of the container 20, and the oil supply line 24 connected to a hot oil supply source (not shown) passes through the manifold It is configured (not shown) to supply oil to the metal plates 12a-12h, and the oil return line 25 returns the oil to the oil supply device. In a particular embodiment, the container 20 is about 7 meters (23 feet) long and has a radius of about 1 meter (3.3 feet). The container 20 also includes a gas / liquid inlet 56 for injecting both a pressurized fluid and a working fluid into the container. In addition, it is important that, as in the first embodiment, the container 20 includes a device for circulating a working fluid, such as nitrogen, through the container 20 to be circulated. As in the first embodiment, the working fluid circulation device includes an inlet 58, an outlet 59, and a fan 60. In order to facilitate the loading of coal into the container 20, the container 20 has a feed hopper 25, which is arranged above the top of the container 20 and is offset from it by a distance. The feed hopper 25 can be offset by a distance of 20 from the container, allowing the metal plates ua-izh to be moved individually or collectively during maintenance or replacement. The feed hopper 25 is connected to the container 20 through the offset pipe 26, and coal flows from the feed hopper 25 through the offset pipe 26 and enters the container 20. Offset catheter 26 has valve 26a, 22 ^^ 1--i-----I---i HI--I _li 1-I —.1 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm). Printed by A7 B7, the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (20) to control a large amount of coal. In use, the #carbon flows down through the flow channels defined by the end surfaces of the adjacent metal plates 12a, 12b, etc., and fills the container to form a filling layer. The container 20 includes a drain cone 27 to allow coal to be discharged therefrom. When the container 20 is filled with coal, the discharge cone 27 is also filled with coal. In order to dispose of the coal filling the excretion cone 27, many metal plates may be arranged in the excretion cone, as described below. The draining chute 27 has a valve 27a connected to a cooling cylinder 29 via a draining chute 28. In use, after the coal is processed, it enters the cooling cylinder 29 through the drainage chute 28, where the high-temperature coal is cooled to a temperature below about 70oC. The cooling cylinder may be a processing container of the type shown in FIG. After cooling to the desired temperature, the treated coal is discharged from the bottom outlet 30 through the valve 30a. The operation of the device shown in Fig. 7 will now be described. After the container 20 is filled with coal, the container is sealed and pressurized with nitrogen 'and the high-temperature heat transfer oil is injected into the channels in the metal plates 12a, 12b-12h. In addition, the fan 60 starts and operates to circulate air through the container 20 to the inlet 58. From the inlet 58 to the outlet, and finally to the container 20 for circulation. The temperature of high temperature oil is generally 350 to 380 ° C (662-716oF). It will be understood that different types of coal and other treatments may require different optimal temperatures as cited above. High-temperature oil can be supplied to the metal plate before the container is full of coal, either during 'full coal' or after it has been fully filled with charcoal. Due to the two thermal conductivity of the metal plates 12a, 12b, etc., the metal plate quickly adds the paper size to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X2 dozen mm) ---: ----------- -—. Η • · (Please read the note ## • item on the back before filling this page) 23 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1i A7 _: _____B7_ V. Description of the invention (21) Hot to the oil The actual temperature (in the next cycle, the metal plate will already be at a high temperature), heat is then transferred from the high temperature metal plate to the coal and the circulating working fluid can promote heat transfer. As the coal temperature rises, as the coal is restructured, it forces water out of the coal to cause an expansion or compression reaction. After maintaining the coal in the container for a desired period of time, the container is emptied to reduce the pressure in the container, and the processed coal is discharged into a cooling cylinder 29 to be cooled, and then discharged, sold or further processed, such as making Briquettes. Figures 9 and 10 show side elevation views of the drain cone 27 in Figure 7. The metal plates 12a-12h are arranged inside the cone (indicated by dashed lines). Sufficiently heat to high temperature for sufficient time to completely process. As shown in Figure 9, the metal plates i2a-12h project downward into the cone with different widths, and the central metal plate penetrates deeper into the cone. The configuration in Figure 9 ensures that coal can pass freely through the cone and that heat can be fully transferred to the coal in the cone. In Figure 10, the shape of the metal plates 12a-12h follows the shape of the cone, and some metal plates extend into the cone more than others to ensure that coal can pass freely through the cone. Figure 11 shows a plan view of the cone 27. In Figure 11, a series of radial metal plates 32a to 32h are permanently installed in the imagination 27. The metal plates 32a to 32h can have their own oil supply Or, it can be supplied from the oil pipe 24 shown in the second section. The cross section of the metal plate shown in Figure 8 缯 is gradually tapered from the hot oil channel to the inside. However, other metal plates can also be used. Other cross-section edges shown on this paper are applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) —------- I— * Μ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page} Order the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives. (22) Figure 12A. Figure 12A shows a metal plate with a wide central portion 34, where the oil passage 35 is formed at the central portion and tapers toward the narrow ends 36, 37. Figure 12B shows the edge A metal plate having a substantially parallel cross section is shown in Fig. 12B, which is a relatively small metal plate. Fig. 12C shows a metal plate having a square oil passage 39, the oil passage system It is formed in the central part and tapers toward the tips 40 and 4 丨 Figure 12D shows a metal plate generally similar to that shown in Figure 8 except that the oil passages 42 and 43 are round. Figure 12E continued 'shows generally similar to that shown in Figure 12D A metal plate, but the oil passages 44 and 45 include protrusions formed inward from the metal plate to increase the heat transfer area from the oil passage to the metal plate. It is more clear in Figure 12F than in Figure 12E 圏A wide metal plate with large oil channels 46, 47. Figure 12G shows a metal plate with a circular cross section oil channel. The container design shown in Figures 7 to 12 and The shape of the metal plate can be variously changed. In particular, the interval between the metal plates 12a-12h can be changed according to the conductivity of the material constituting the metal plate, the fluidity of the solid material supplied to the container, and the residence time required for the reaction. Metal The thickness of the plate can also be changed. I have shown that as the thickness of the metal plate increases, the heat capacity of the metal plate increases, and its role is to eliminate any temperature drop that may occur during a special reaction. Regarding this, The thicker metal plate of Xianxin has a larger thermal mass or hot runner, and can reduce the enthalpy required for processing. The metal plate 12a-12h can be applied to this paper scale --- „------ ^ fvw ^ -*-(Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page on the matters needing attention) Ding *-· β 25 Printed by Zhengong Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (23) It is configured to extend substantially vertically in the container (as shown in Figures 7 and 8) (Shown). However, the metal plate can also be arranged horizontally or obliquely. Since gravity helps the solids be discharged from the trough, the metal plate is preferably arranged vertically. It can also have one or more from The lateral extension of the metal plate surface to increase the heat transfer to the solid material. Any such extension should minimize the obstruction of the flow of the solid. The metal plates 12a-12h are preferably movable It is contained in a container, and preferably connected to only one end of the container. For example, as mentioned above, metal plates can be suspended from a chain. Spacers may be required between the metal plates, and the spacers are best to allow the metal plates to move slightly. If one of the flow channels between the metal plates is blocked, this configuration allows the metal plates to move, which can help clear the blockage. Thing. It can also include devices that move metal plates, such as a putter, hammer, or vibrator. The metal plates 12a-12h can be removed from the container individually or collectively for maintenance or replacement. The metal plates 12a-12h may also have drainage channels or injection channels to selectively discharge solid materials or selectively inject other media into the solid material layer. Since the pressure vessel with the shell is completely unaffected by the heating device (away from the input and output oil pipes), the container can be lined with an insulating material (such as a refractory liner) or an anti-wear liner. In this way, the structural walls and edges of the container can be maintained at an operating temperature of less than 100T, which can save considerable _ steel used. Outside the container, a complete pressure level is required, but because of its ability, the paper size is suitable for the Chinese country. Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
A7 B7 五、發明説明（24) 冷’，，可以不必降低容許金屬溫度應力而設計。 那些熟悉技藝的人將會了解到，除了那些清楚敘述之 外，此處所述之發明可以很容易修正及變更β必須了解的 是，本發明涵蓋了所有修正及變更，且其等並 神與範圍。 °其精 1 — n n IK— I n - ^ I n n n n 丁 ^ Jew *· (讀先閲讀背面之注#^項再填1) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印聚 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS) Μ規格（210X297公釐） -27 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印繁 A7 B7 五、發明説明（25) 元件標號對照 10…外殼 12a-12h、32a-32h…金屬板 20…處理容器 22…供料板 24…供油管線 25…回油管線、進料漏斗 26…偏位導管 26a…閥門 27…排洩錐體 27a、30a…閥門 28…滑槽 29…冷卻筒 30…出口 34…中央部分 35、 39、42、43、44、45、46、47…油道 36、 37…狹窄端 40、41…尖端 50…壓力容器 51…入口 52…出口 53…金屬板 54…入口管線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） — — — —————— — — 人 n HI n n m 丁 ^___CV3 、1· •* (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 28 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（26) 55···出口管線 56…進氣管線、入口 58…入口 59…出口 60…離心風扇 62…急冷器 63…圓錐形區域. 64…圓柱體 71、72…鍋爐管 73至78…傳導旁通金屬板 79、80···通道 88…閥件 90···出氣口 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填ίΙ) Q. 卜訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） 29A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (24) Cold 'can be designed without reducing the allowable metal temperature stress. Those skilled in the art will understand that, except for those clearly stated, the invention described herein can be easily modified and altered. Β It must be understood that the present invention covers all amendments and changes, and that they are compatible with each other. range. ° 其 精 1 — nn IK— I n-^ I nnnn Ding ^ Jew * · (read the first note on the back to read # ^ and then fill in 1) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives. Standards (CNS) M specifications (210X297 mm) -27 Printed A7 B7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (25) Comparison of component numbers 10 ... 12a-12h, 32a-32h ... metal plates 20 ... processing container 22 ... feeding plate 24 ... supply line 25 ... return line, feeding funnel 26 ... offset conduit 26a ... valve 27 ... drain cone 27a, 30a ... valve 28 ... chute 29 ... cooling cylinder 30 ... Outlet 34 ... Central section 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 ... Oil passage 36, 37 ... Narrow end 40, 41 ... Tip 50 ... Pressure vessel 51 ... Inlet 52 ... Outlet 53 ... Metal plate 54 ... Inlet piping This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) — — — — ————— — — People n HI nnm D ^ ___ CV3, 1 · • * (Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) 28 Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (26) 55 ... Outlet line 56 ... Intake line, inlet 58 ... Inlet 59 ... Outlet 60 ... Centrifugal fan 62 ... Quencher 63 ... Conical area. 64 ... Cylinder 71, 72 ... Boiler tubes 73 to 78 ... Conduction bypass metal plates 79, 80 ... Channel 88 ... Valve 90 ... Air outlet (Please read the precautions on the back before filling Ι) Q. The size of the paper is applicable to China Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210X297 mm) 29