TW390066B - Digital broadcast system using satellite direct broadcast system and terrestrial repeater system - Google Patents

Abstract

A digital broadcast system is provided which uses a satellite direct radio broadcast system having different downlink options in combination with a terrestrial repeater network employing different re-broadcasting options to achieve high availability reception by mobile radios, static radios and portable radios in urban areas, suburban metropolitan areas, rural areas, including geographically open areas and geographic areas characterized by terrain having high elevations. Two-arm and three-arm receivers are provided which each comprise a combined architecture for receiving both satellite and terrestrial signals, and for maximum likelihood combining of received signals for diversity purposes. A terrestrial repeater is provided for reformatting a TDM satellite signal as a multicarrier modulated terrestrial signal. Configurations for indoor and outdoor terrestrial repeaters are also provided.

Description

The Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China 聚 7 B7 ___ 5. Description of the Invention (/) Field of Invention This case provides a digital broadcasting system that uses a satellite direct radio broadcasting system with different downlink selections. The ground repeater network with different replay options, M achieves mobile radio, static mediumless and portable mediumless, high availability reception in urban areas, suburban metropolitan areas, rural areas, including geographic open areas, And special is a geographical area with a terrain having a high elevation angle. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Receivers in existing systems that provide digital audio radio service (DARS) suffer severe degradation in signal quality, such as signal reduction and inter-symbol interference (i n. Ter-symbol interference). * Abbreviated as ISI). The attenuation effect of the broadcast channel to the receiver may be frequency sensitive, especially in urban environments or geographical areas where high line-of-sight (LOS) signal blocking from satellites is most prevalent. The position directly below the satellite (hereinafter referred to as the sub-satellite point) * inherently has the highest elevation angle ^ and the position separated from the sub-satellite point inherently has a reduced elevation angle, so * increasing the number of sub-satellite points and receiving positions The center angle of the ground facing the room. Close to the secondary satellite point, it generally enjoys L0S reception without actual blocking. therefore

Sheng rarely needs the ground to strengthen the L0S signal that may be bold. However, when the LOS elevation angle to the satellite becomes less than about δ5 degrees, the group of tall buildings or geological elevation angles (that is, about 30 meters) becomes temporal. Ground re-radiation is needed to fill the gaps to achieve satisfactory mobile wireless coverage, static medialess, K and portable radio coverage. In areas where the height of a building or geological location is relatively low (that is, less than about 10 meters) · Trafficking is unwilling to stop until L 0 S This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 meters) (%) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) Binding. Order printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative Λ7 _B7____ 5. Description of the invention (>) The elevation angle is below 75 degrees. Therefore, mid-latitude and high-latitude positions within the coverage of one or more broadcast satellites require ground re-radiation to achieve proper radio reception. Lin's completely satisfactory radio reception, combined with the W satellite LOS emission and the ground re-radiation of the satellite downlink signal waveform. Summary of Invention Z According to one aspect of the present invention, a digital broadcast system (DBS) is provided, which overcomes some of the shortcomings associated with existing broadcast systems and achieves several advantages. The DBS of the present invention includes a TDM carrier satellite transmission system for digital audio broadcasting (< 1 igita 1 audi 〇br 〇adcast, abbreviated as DAB), which is combined with a terrestrial repeater network for satellite downlink signal transmission. Re-radiation of dielectricless receiver. According to another aspect of the present invention, a single geostationary satellite transmits a downlink signal that can be received by a radio receiver at the satellite signal LOS and by a ground repeater. Each ground repeater is configured as K to recover digital baseband signals from satellite signals. The subcarriers use multi-carrier modulation (Bulticarrier · odulation, MC MC) modulation signals for re-transmission to the dielectricless receiver. The radio receiver is configured to receive quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) modulation TDM bit stream and MCM stream. The medialess receiver to the K planning program selects a broadcast channel demodulated from the TDM bit stream and the MCM bit stream, and uses a differential combiner to select the recovered broadcast channel with the least error. According to yet another aspect of the present invention * a DBS system is provided which includes two geostationary satellites and is merged with a ground repeater network. The ground repeater to K is configured to process the satellite down signal * K achieves the baseband satellite signal, and makes this paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 5 ck .------ IT ------, / j-*-(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 B7 V. Invention Description (3) Use MC Μ to signal Modulation. The configuration of the mediumless receiver to M is to implement a discriminant judging system. M is selected from three different signals, including two satellite signals and MC M signals. Each radio receiver combines the maximum similarity of the two LOS satellite signals, and switches the ground re-radiation signal, or the MC M signal, to the output of the maximum similarity combiner. According to another aspect of the present invention, a maximum similarity combination of all three signals can be used to select a broadcast channel from the three different signals, that is, early and later LOS satellite signals M and MC M signals from the ground repeater. Brief description of the attached circle From the following detailed description, it is easier to understand these and many other features and advantages of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings that form part of this original disclosure. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a digital broadcasting system for transmitting satellite signals and terrestrial signals is shown. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a digital broadcasting system including a satellite and a ground repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the generation of a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) signal; FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing an f-shaped demodulation MCM signal Radio receiver; circle 5 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating MC MM signal / demodulation; FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a form of demodulation time division Radio receiver for multiplexing (TDM) signals; This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 6 0 ^ · Binding 1 / L-. T (Please read the precautions on the back first fill (This page) Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) Circle 7 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the demodulation of QPSKTDM signals; Figures 8 and 9 are schematic block diagrams illustrating the differences between a radio receiver Individual embodiments of the present invention that are sexually combined; Circle 10 illustrates an embodiment according to the present invention, a system that uses a maximum similarity determination unit to merge three differentiating signals i. Figure 11 is an illustration according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 12 illustrates a TDM signal de-multiplexing. Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, which incorporates a dielectricless receiver, uses a maximum similarity determination unit, a first satellite signal and A system of bit streams restored by a delayed second satellite signal, and then a differential combiner for terrestrial repeater signal and output of the maximum likelihood determination unit; plaque 13 illustrates a practical aspect of the invention For example, a configuration for indoor reception and transmission of signals; M and FIG. 14 illustrate a practical example according to the present invention, a configuration of a ground repeater along a path ^ Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperative (please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Detailed description of the preferred embodiment Figure 1 shows a Digital Broadcasting System (DBS) IO * containing at least one pair of geostationary satellites 12 for The line-of-sight (LOS) satellite signal reception shown in 14 of the dielectricless receiver is summarized. Another geostationary satellite 16 may be provided in a different orbital position * as discussed below in conjunction with Figures 6 and 7 * for time and / or space differential purposes. The system 10 also includes at least one ground repeater 18 for receiving at L0S. The paper size covered by tall buildings, hills and other obstacles is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (〇 奶) 6.4 (210 '/ 297 mm) -7-Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ 7 Β7 V. Description of Invention (5) Geographical area 20 * Re-transmit satellite signals. The wireless radio receiver 14 is preferably configured for K for dual mode operation. K receives satellite signals and ground signals, and selects one signal as the receiver output. As stated previously * The present invention is based on a DBS 1Λ for optimized static, portable and mobile radio reception. According to the present invention, the DBS 10 incorporates a video medium (LOS) that optimizes satellite waveform reception for re-radiation of the LOS signal sent by the satellite from satellite 12 or 16 via one or more ground repeaters 18. The ground repeater 18 uses other waveforms optimized for K for ground transmission where the satellite LOS signal is blocked. The blocking of L0S signals caused by buildings, bridges, trees and other obstacles generally occurs in the city center and suburban areas. The waveforms specially combined with the L0S satellite transmission are Tine Division Multiplex (TDM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CD M′A). It is especially suitable to overcome the waveform of terrestrial multipath interference encountered in the blocked urban area. It is Adaptive Equalized TDH (AETDM). Coherent Frequency 频率 oppingadap- tive 1 y E qua 1 ized TD (referred to as CFHATD Μ) and Multiple Carrier Modulation (referred to as MCM). No. 283,780. When the ground repeater 18 uses AETDM, the dielectricless receiver 14 is provided with an equalizer (not shown). For AETDM to receive a TDM bit stream from satellites 12 or 16. The bit stream U is converted into a new TDM bit stream, and the training sequence is inserted into K by a process called 剌 through, which replaces a small portion of TDM data bits with the training sequence. The size of the paper used in the paper is commonly used in Chinese national standards (CNSM4 specification (210X297 mm) -8 ~ -------------- IT ------ c -.- ( Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 B7 V. Invention Description (6) The number is small, and the resulting error can be corrected by positive error The new TDM bit stream is tuned to a radio frequency (RF) carrier by a repeater to MQPSK-, and its M high power is transmitted to a multi-path environment such as a central city commercial area. This transmission signal is equipped with a接收 Received by the receiver 14 of the time-domain equalizer. Using the training sequence, the taps of the anti-multipath processor can be adjusted to cause the multipath-to-link component constructivity to be added. The reconstructed signal * Secondly, it is processed by W, and the bit of the TD M stream is restored with high accuracy. The forward error correction available at the receiver 14 is used to correct the errors and thermal noise introduced by the penetration, and the damage caused by the K and the receiver. According to another aspect of the present invention * satellite efficient LOS waveform and terrestrial multipath dry broadcast capacity The combination of endurance waveforms in the DBS system is the best device for mobile non-media, static radio and portable radio to achieve high availability reception in urban areas, suburban areas and rural areas. For example, Figure 2 An embodiment of the present invention illustrated in -9 * sends out an MCM signal from a network of the ground repeater 18 configured to cover the blocking area, with a high reception availability. S and the signal transmission described in the present invention _Technology, for magnetic waves in the frequency range from 200 to 3000 MHz, to facilitate the radiation of LOS satellites, and the combination of ground re-radiation signals received from satellites 12 or 16. The best satellite waveform allows too much power. Efficiency conversion, which is collected as radiated RF power by the satellites 12 and 16 of the solar array. These waves are specifically a low peak-to-average power ratio (that is, the peak-top factor) 'to allow for maximum power output at or near, and therefore Operation of the most efficient high-power amplifier that feeds the satellite to the ground antenna ° The TDM waveform is particularly useful to allow this paper size to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (2 丨 0 > < 297 male and female) 9 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)-installed.,? τ printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (7) In the tenths of a dB Operate within the maximum power output. The proper use of the CDMA waveform of the selected code allows operation at about 2 to 4 dB below the maximum power wheel. Because the MC MW waveform is composed of the sum of hundreds of phase-modulated sine waves, as shown below With reference to circle 3, the MCM waveform inherently has a peak-to-average ratio. As a result, the MCM waveform in the high-power amplifier of the satellite encounters significantly larger amplitude and phase modulation distortions. In order to achieve acceptable LOS satellite receiver reception, the MCM waveform is reversed at the high power amplifier and compared with the quadrature phase shift spicy surface keying (QPSK) TDM waveform, a minimum of 6dB of reception is allocated in the lower road budget. Device to perform damage. This reduces the satellite power conversion from $ to 4 compared to 1, which makes the MCM waveform in the DBS 10 satellite LOS transmission an inappropriate choice. Based on the ATDM and CFHATDM waveforms, these waveforms are specifically shown to be anti-ground multipath, and are not scheduled for satellite LOS transmission, nor are they effective for satellite LOS transmission. Regarding, for example, ground enhancement by re-radiating the satellite LOS signal from a ground repeater, the TDM waveform is not appropriate because its reception is severely impaired by the multipath effect. Furthermore * Some suggested systems use the CD Μ A waveform for enhancement, which resends the same program signal, uses a CDMA channel code for LOS satellite transmission, and S — CDMA channel code for re-amplification on the ground on carriers that occupy the same frequency bandwidth Shoot transmission. Reception is achieved by adaptive search receiver. These proposed CDMA systems are not suitable because of the occurrence of a ring zone where it is impossible to receive * between areas where enhanced signals can be received and areas where satellite LOS signals can be received. The receiver 14 in the ring cannot receive the ground re-radiated signal because the signal power level drops below the receiver limit for the signal. These receivers 14 are also unable to receive satellite L0S signals. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 〇297mm) -1〇- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). Order hi ___B7 5. Description of the invention (8), because there is enough re-radiation signal to interfere with LOS satellite reception. Therefore * these receivers 14 in the ring must be moved far enough away from the re-radiated area to reduce the re-radiated signal power below the limit of interference; otherwise * LOS satellite reception is not possible. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the CDMA waveform is adapted to M, making it possible for simultaneous transmission via satellite LOS and re-radiation via the ground. The CDMA channel code is assigned to M for each to different RF carrier. The resulting orthogonality allows the two signals (ie, the satellite LOS signal and the ground repeater signal) to be separated at the radio receiver by RF / IF filtering. Table 1 shows the identification of the combination of operable and non-operable waveforms for receiving ground enhanced satellite LOS in accordance with the present invention. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, Standards, Standards, Standards, Standards, Identities, and Standards | China Approval Immigration 97 1 * V. Description of Invention (3) Λ7 B7 Table 1 Satellite waveform enhancement waveform recommendations The RF carrier spectrum is not recommended: TDM TDM X same or different TDM AETDM X same or different TDH HCM X different TDM CFHATDM X different TDM CDMA X different CDMA X different CDMA AETDM X different CDMA CHFATDM X Different CDMA MCM X Different CDMA Any X Same AETDM Any X Same or Different CFHATDM Any X Same or Different MCM Any X Same or Different ------------ ΐτ ------ / Λ 』'^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with Chinese national standards (CNS> A4 specification (210X297 mm) 12 Employees of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by a consumer cooperative Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (iO) The AETDM waveform can extend the signal to a multi-path environment with a length of up to 20 seconds (withdrawal seconds). It must be ensured that the signal from the remote repeater 18 does not exceed this limit. When the former does not show severe multipath, the mediumless receiver 14 using the mother non-equalized TD M waveform can receive adaptive equalized re-radiation Waveforms. This compatibility prevents direct LOS unequalization TDM radio rejection when AETDM is re-radiated. CFHATDM waveforms can be implemented satisfactorily in multi-paths where the delay is as long as 65 dsec. Operation. Care must be taken to ensure that the signal from the remote repeater 18 does not exceed this limit. The mediumless receiver 14 designed to use the parentalized TDM waveform cannot receive this waveform. The MC MW waveform can be specially designed for Yanxing The multi-path environment of 曷 to 65 microseconds satisfies the satisfactory implementation and operation. The maximum delay is affected by the protection time designation of the universal symbol period assigned to the waveform. Care must be taken to ensure that the signal from the remote repeater 18 does not exceed this. Boundary. The radio receiver 14 designed to use the mother non-equalized TDM waveform cannot receive the waveform. The CDMA slope can be between extreme excursion and delay by the time delay in the search path implemented at the receiver 14. The determined multi-path environment is satisfactory to the sinus operation and operation of M. Care must be taken to ensure that the repeater 18 from a distance, the multi-path reflection and the signals of different satellites do not exceed this limit. Designed to use the mother non-equalized TDM waveform The dielectricless receiver 14 cannot receive the waveform. Satellite signals can be launched from one satellite 12 or 16 or two satellites 12 and 16. ° Use two geostationary satellites 12 and 16 that are sufficiently separated in their orbits to cause differences in LOS elevation and azimuth. K enhanced signal reception can be used Sex. Moreover, one satellite signal is repeated from a single satellite 12 or 16, or two satellites 12 and this paper size apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) _ 13 _ (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page), 11 • 1L 'Central Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Printed by the Bureau of Shellfish Consumer Cooperative Λ7 _B7__ V. Description of Invention (Π) 16 Transmits a signal' and there is a time difference between the selected differences' According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a multi-channel TDM * with QPSK, offset QPSK, subtraction QPSK, differential 鲡 碣 QPSlt, or least key shift keying (Mininua Shift Keyed (aka MSK) modulation waveform for transmitting signals from a satellite for LOS reception by the radio receiver 14. The ground re-radiation is preferably implemented by using a MCM waveform designed to transmit a TDM bit stream with a capacity of up to 3.68 Mbit / s (million bits / second). It is preferable to implement MC M, which is explained in conjunction with circle 3 below K, which is caused by inverse fast Fourier transform between 40 0 and 1,200 carriers, resulting in a symbol encounter period between 200 and 300 microseconds. Each symbol period includes a guard interval between 55 and 65 microseconds. The MCM waveform is designed so that Doppler carrier frequency shifts occur simultaneously between multipath components. The piercing is preferably performed by removing bits or pairs of bits from the TDM bit stream to reduce the rate to a value between 705K and 80K at a rate of 3.68 Mbit / s. A special symbol is inserted between the occurrences of the symbols of each of the alternatives, and K provides a means to recover the timing of the symbol winding period and the synchronization of the carrier frequency. At the receiver 14, a Viterbi soft-decision trellis decoder is preferably implemented using erasure techniques to K to re-establish the bits or bit pairs pierced by the repeater 18, M and all other bits transmitted yuan. In this technique, the decoder only ignores bits that are known to have been pierced by the repeater 18. In Application No. 08 / 971,049, filed on November 14, 1997 ', the TDM carrier satellite transmission of DBS 10 is discussed * and its entirety is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.掴 To sum up, please refer to Garden 2 and broadcast the subsection 22 This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) 8 4 specifications (210 × 297 mm) 14 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

, 1T Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Λ7 B7__V. Description of the invention (丨 2) Preferably as indicated in box 26, including the broadcast channel code to a 3.68 million bits per second (Mbps ) Time Division Multiple Eaves (TDM) bit stream. TDM bit stream Contains 96 16 kilobits per second (kbps) main rate channels, and provides additional information for synchronization, de-multiplexing * broadcast channel control and arming services. The broadcast channel coding preferably includes MPEG audio code, forward error correction (FEC) and multiplex transmission. As shown in block 28, the TDM bit stream generated before transmission via the on-satellite keyway 30 is transformed to K modulation using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) chirping. In terms of converting power to electromagnetic wave power, TDM satellite transmission achieves the maximum payload efficiency on the satellite board possible. This is because each tube operates a single TDM carrier, allowing each satellite traveling wave tube to operate at its saturated power output, which is its most efficient operating point. In a typical application, the TDM carrier is designed to transmit 96 major bit rate increments * each carrying 16kbit / s to a small economical nickel-free receiver 14 located in a beam of satellites 12 or 16. The main rate increases from one to eight to become sister * M constitutes a broadcast channel. A broadcast channel can be sub-divided into a number of publishing channels for transmitting audio, video, data and multimedia. The power density transmitted from the satellites 12 and 16 to the ground by the TD M carrier * can be made very high * and thus cars and trucks provide excellent L0S reception of the radio receiver 14 when driving on open highways, in rural areas, and in suburban areas . However, in an urban area full of tall buildings or in a forest full of tall wet leaf trees, LOS reception is blocked, thus preventing proper operation of the receiver 14 for LOS reception. Attempting to increase satellite power to overcome these conditions is both expensive and technically impractical. Therefore • A more practical alternative is to add a III 11 izlv. ^ N .1 n i &gt; nn ^ 11 n .'- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 15 B7___ 5. Description of the invention (丨 3) The network of the ground repeater 18 enhances the direct LOS satellite reception by M.之 Blocking nature of LOS reception * Please consider the following. Positions directly below satellites 12 or 16 (ie, sub-satellite points) inherently have the highest elevation angle 'and positions away from sub-satellite points are inherently having a reduced elevation angle and an increased ground center angle pair at the sub-satellite position and the receiving position between. The receiver 14 near the sub-satellite point allows practically unblocked LOS reception and requires minimal ground enhancement. However, when the LOS elevation angle to the satellite becomes less than about 85 degrees, Gao Jiandi ( (I.e.> 30 meters) blocking becomes significant. Therefore, the ground needs to be re-radiated for gap filling in order to achieve the coverage of the often satisfactory mobile media-free receiver. In low plaque areas (eg, <10 meters), block regardless of * until the LOS elevation angle is below 75 degrees. At middle latitudes and high latitudes *, the TD M waveform needs to be radiated again, and M achieves paralyzed mobile reception. Therefore, for completely satisfactory mobile reception, a box requires a system that combines satellite LOS and satellite re-radiation on the ground. 1'Printed by the Peking Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Education (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The DBS 10 of the present invention re-radiates the LOS satellite signal from many ground repeaters 18, which is opened to K Kappa And deployed in the central part M of a city and in the suburban area of the metropolitan area k to achieve the maximum coverage. This type of configuration is a known technology for terrestrial digital audio broadcasting (DAB) and Cellular® speech systems, and can be re-radiated to ground extending from K to TDM satellite LOS signals according to the present invention. This configuration utilizes a blend of radiated power leveling (EIRP), which ranges from as little as 1 to 10 watts for short range penetration into the repeater 18 (to 1 km ... radius) to as large as 100 to 10,000 Tile for re-radiators or re-transmitters with a wide area covering Fan Pu (from 1 km to 10 km radius M, a DBS 10 with a satellite L0S / ground re-radiation configuration is specified. The paper size of this paper applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 size (210X297mm)-16-Yinju Λ7 B7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (丨 4) Two preferred embodiments. The first embodiment includes a pair of geostationary orbits S (seo-stationary orbit, GS0 for short) satellites 12 or 16 have a suitable longitude along GSOffi, which operates in coordination with the network of the terrestrial repeater 18. The second embodiment includes two satellites 12 and 16 'having different suitability. The G SO longitudes are spaced apart to achieve spatial and temporal differences. For illustrative purposes, Figure 2 shows an embodiment in which a DBS.10 uses a GS0 satellite 12 and has at least one ground repeater 18. For each ground weight Transmitter 18, one to work with Wireless® Receiver 3 4 The medium 32 receives the L0S satellite signal * and demodulates the signal radiated from the satellite 12, and recovers the digital baseband signal from it. The digital baseband signal is supplied to a ground waveform modulator 36, which generates a suitable design for the waveform After having been transmitted from the ground repeater 18 and received by the mediumless receiver 14, the digital baseband signal may be restored. The modulated waveform is then frequency-converted to the carrier frequency and amplified as indicated by block 38. Ground re- The waveform of the radiation is specially selected to withstand dynamic multipaths encountered on the ground path between the transmitter antenna 40 and the receiver 14. This multipath is caused by reflections from obstacles such as buildings 44 and the terrain and its surroundings. And refraction, as well as self-tropospheric wave bending and reflection. Sky Media 32 YuM is designed to have a high benefit (&gt; 10dBi) to the satellite 12, while at the same time resulting in low-k interference and high quality (that is, the error rate &lt; 1〇_9) Low gain in other directions of receiving L0S signals. The other receiving elements in the demodulator and receiver 34 are LOS radio receivers 14 designed for use in DBS 10, and above It is described in the application No. 08/971, 0 49 filed on November 14, 1997. The radio receiver 18 is designed to receive a 3.68 Mb it / s QPSK modulated TD bit stream. As stated previously The digital baseband is preferably 3.68Mbit. This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297). 17-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) / Installed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs BeiGong Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (15) / s digital waveform TDM bit stream, which has 96 16kbit / s main bit rate defeated channels, grouped into broadcast channels, and synchronized to release multiple channels Transmission and control of secondary information required for broadcast channels and the services they disclose. The ground waveform modulator 36 and the waveforms generated by it are designed to allow reception as previously described without being hindered by the multipath unpredictable changes in the ground path shown at 42. Possible multi-path tolerance waveforms are adaptive equalization TDM, adaptive equalization multi-carrier frequency clipper with adaptive equalization * Fast Fourier transform multi-carrier modulation, and CDMA with search receiver. The repeater 18 and K are equipped with a combined multi-path tolerant waveform. K, via RF converter 38, converts the waveform to the desired re-transmitter transmission RF frequency * and the radiation waveform from antenna 40 at the selected power level frequency. The antenna 40 is preferably K-shaped to provide omnidirectional or fan-shaped propagation in a horizontal plane and to provide a high degree of directivity to a horizontal medium. The net antenna gain is expected to range from 10 to 16dBi. The antenna 40 may be on top of the building and / or on a tower * at the desired height. As mentioned earlier, the range of radiated power levels is application dependent * available from 1® 10,000 Watt EIRP. A particularly desirable multipath-tolerant re-radiated waveform uses multi-carrier modulation (MCM). The way to generate the waveform is shown in circle 3. A digital stream, such as a 3.68 Mbit / s TDM stream, is divided into several parallel paths (block 102) in the time domain, such as a 460 parallel path, and each parallel path transmits 8000 bits per second. The bits in each of these paths are paired as 2-bit symbols, one bit is identified as a complex 1 (imaginary) component, and the other is a Q (real) sister component. Anthrax results in a complex symbol rate of 4000 per second. These bits are fed to the M feed as 460 parallel complex frequency coefficients to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (5 12 coefficients) (referred to in this paper as the Chinese standard (CNS &gt; Ad Specification (210XW7)). Gongchu) -18- -------------- '1T ------ L ·. -'- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Central Ministry of Economy Printed by the Bureau of Standards, Consumer Engineering Cooperative Λ7 ___ B7 V. The inverse Fourier transform converter implemented by the description of the invention (IB) IFFTMO. The fast Fourier transform algorithm must operate on K 2n input and output coefficients, where n Any number * This is known in the current state of the art. Therefore, in the case of η = 9, 29 = 512 ° Since the number of coefficients is 460, the remaining 5 2 input coefficients omitted are set to be equal to zero. This is borrowed In the top and bottom of the first IFF T input, 23 zero-valued coefficients are specified, so 460 center coefficients are assigned to non-zero values to complete. IPFT's round out 104 is a sister 460 QPSK modulation, orthogonal sine coefficients It has 460 narrowband orthogonal carriers, each supporting a symbol rate of 40,000 per second. The symbol encounters the period. No carrier appears in the 104 of the IFFT, and is set to a coefficient equal to zero. The IPFT multi-carrier output 104 is additionally processed by K to create a guard interval 105 for the group of 46 0 complex symbol narrowband positive Cross carrier (block 106). Assume that a part of a symbol duration Ts f is allocated to K for the protection time. To complete this, the symbol holding time must be reduced to M by a value Ts = (lf) Ts. For the example considered, Ts = 250 microseconds. If 25¾ of the symbol time would be the assigned guard time, then f = 0.25 and Ts = 187. 5 microseconds. To do this, the symbolic period output of the IFFT is every 25 0 microseconds to M are stored in a memory; and then played at 187.5 microseconds to K. To fill the 250 microsecond symbol interval, the first sample rotated by the IFFT is played again at a 62.5 microsecond guard interval. This procedure results in a multiplication of the multi-carrier output bandwidth (lf) -l. Therefore, the required bandwidth of the multi-carrier modulator output is multiplied by Ml 〇33 to 4000X 46〇x 1 ° 33 = 2 ° 453MHz Value 0 Finally, to complete multi-carrier modulator processing, as shown in block 108. Introduce a symbol 106 containing a synchronization symbol. This is a device provided. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0 × 297 mm) 19 -------- Lc '^-** (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

、 1T Indian policy of the Central Bureau of Standards and Quarantine Bureau of Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives Λ7 B7______ 5. Description of the invention (.1 * 3 for synchronizing the sampling window of 187.5 microsecond holding time at the receiver 14 every 2 50 microseconds to This group of multi-path arrival centers is completed. And * a phase reference symbol is added periodically, and the differential reference code 3 for symbol information depends on the design requirements, preferably 毎 20 to 100 symbol periods to introduce synchronization and phase reference Symbol. As shown by dashed square 110, the modulation design. Another feature is that the TDM digital bit stream is penetrated at the input to the modulator 36, and K reduces the final bandwidth of the multi-carrier waveform. The data stream selectivity imposed by the input 104 of IF FT, sparsely eliminates the real data bits. When the forward error correction scheme applied at the receiver 14 is expected, only the piercing bits will be processed as errors and corrected This can be used to complete a part of the supply. For the desired purpose of receiving the BER, it depends on the part of the bit removed, which has an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio (Eb / Ho) of 1 to 3dB. As a result, Reduce the bandwidth of multi-carrier modulation. For example, if the bit rate of the TDM stream is reduced by 75 »; * The bandwidth will also be reduced by 75S !. For the example described earlier, the bit rate is reduced to 2.76Mbit / s, And multi-carrier bandwidth is reduced to 1.84MHz. In applications where the available frequency spectrum would otherwise be insufficient for K to transmit the desired number of passengers, such bandwidth compression may be necessary. Please understand that refer to the ground weights described in circles 2 and 3 Transmitter to recover TDM satellite downlink signals, and demodulate and reformat the TDM signal through baseband processing to a different waveform such as using CDMA, AETDM * MCM or CHFATDM. However * please understand that DBS 10 can Contains terrestrial repeater 18, which is a co-channel or non-co-channel repeater. For example, a terrestrial repeater 18 can be provided, which is only amplified and retransmitted on the same carrier as the satellite signal. Home Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X297mm) -20--------- Γά ------ IT ------ c. -'- (Please read the note on the back first Please fill out this page again) ΑΊ Β7 V. Description of invention U 8) Co-channel gap filling of satellite signals symbol. Otherwise, a terrestrial repeater may be provided, which is a non-co-channel gap filler that amplifies and retransmits the satellite signals at a different carrier frequency * via frequency conversion. In either case, the baseband processing of the satellite signal is not performed at the repeater. These types of gap fillers can be used indoors (Figure 10), or along a path (Figure 11). Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). The radio receiver 14 shown in circle 4, with the RF front end 202, mixer 203, partial The vibrator 204, the first intermediate frequency 205, the second mixer 206, the second local vibrator 207, and the second IF 208 antenna 201 operate to receive the multi-carrier modulated RF waveform to restore the multi-carrier modulation Carrier. The multi-carrier demodulator 209 recovers the TD M digital baseband signal. To demodulate a multi-carrier waveform, as shown in FIG. 5, the received modulation signal is sampled by a sampler 211 at a rate equal to two or four times the modulation bandwidth. The Burmese time window is maintained at 187.5 microseconds. During each symbol encounter, it is best for the group to arrive at the time-dispersive multipath at the center, and these samples are taken every 250 microseconds. The sample is down-converted by a buffer memory 212 to the M rate to expand it to 460 multi-time domain samples within the original 250 microsecond duration window. These samples are then processed by a 512 coefficient FFT 213 to K, and M recovers the bits of the TDM bit stream. The receiver 14 then synchronizes to the TDM main frame frame preamble via unit 214, demultiplexes and aligns the main rate bits via unit 215, and then restores the bits of a selected broadcast channel via unit 216. These bits Ran @ use a soft decision \ Hterbi decoder 217, a deinterleaving code M8, followed by a cascade of a Reed S ο 1 om ο η decoder 2 1 9 to give M forward_difference correction, Μ resumes broadcasting channel (broadcast channel * abbreviated as BC). As explained below in conjunction with Figure 6, the restored BC 亍 is used as an input to supply a judgment. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (6¾) 8-4 specifications (2 丨 0 乂 297mm) -21-

After the Ministry of the Central Government's 4 '-and the U industry and consumer cooperation ii 卬 M A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (ί 9) The stator / combiner unit 240. As shown in 圔 6, as for the two-branch receiver 14, the MC signal is received as described with reference to FIG. With the low-noise RF front-end 202, mixer 220, local oscillator 221, first IF222, second mixer 223, second local oscillator 224, and a second IF 225 operated by SkyMedia 201, it also receives QPSK Modulated Satellite TDM RF Waveform * Μ Restores the QPSK modulated TDM carrier. As shown in circle 7, QPSK TDM carrier demodulator 226 includes a QPSK demodulator 227 that recovers the TDM digital baseband. The receiver 14 then synchronizes to the TD M main frame frame leading section 228, demultiplexes and aligns the primary rate bits 229, and then restores the bits of a selected broadcast channel. These bits use the cascade of the soft decision Viter bi decoder 231, the deinterleaver 232, and the Reed Solomon decoder 232, and forward error correction 230 is performed to restore the broadcast channel. This restored BC is supplied as a second input to the decision / combiner unit 240. The differential combiner 240 selects which of the two input BCs to provide additional processing to M. This is done by choosing the BC recovered with the least error. An estimate of the error count can be obtained from the cut judgment data provided by the Viterbi decoders 217 and 231 or the Reed Solomon decoders 219 and 233. The judgment is preferably made by M-lag theory, which requires some errors before the judgment is reversed. This processing is needed to prevent vibration between the two BCs when it is determined that they are nearly equal. The broadcast channel selected by the differential combiner 240 is then supplied to the appropriate source decoder 244 to restore the eye (s). The DBS 10 shown in Figure 8 uses two GS0 satellites 12 and 16 with a ground repeater 18. In this configuration, the two satellites 12 and 16 are separated along the GS0 circle by 30 to 40 degrees longitude. A satellite retransmits a signal sent from a ground station. The paper size is applicable to the national standard of the country (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -22--------- Γ, I equipment ---- --Order ------ Jk / IV /.-.«V (please read the note on the back-JS · fill in this f) 经 4'- and 而 工 消 资 资 社 卬繁 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (20), and another satellite retransmits the same signal from the same ground station, but delays the signal by up to 5 to 10 seconds. Using two satellites 12 and 16 to separate in space, between a ground-based wireless® receiver 14 and each satellite 12 and 16 'causes a difference in elevation angle in the LOS path γ. The time delay between the arrival of the two satellite signals leads to time differences. The difference of each of these types taken individually can significantly improve the availability of the L0S signal of the mobile mobile receiver ί4, and the spatial and temporal differences further take into account the improvement of enhanced availability. The spatial and temporal differences are particularly important when the mobile receiver 14 is traveling in a suburban area or in a rural area where LOS signals are blocked due to bridges' trees and low buildings. However, the central city and metropolitan area filled with tall buildings also re-radiated the ground according to the present invention's supply signal to achieve an acceptable total area coverage for mobile reception. Therefore, as far as the difference between direct LOS satellite reception and ground re-radiation reception is concerned, the two satellite differential configuration operations are basically the same as the single satellite configuration, but increase the time and space differences provided by the two satellites. The signal from the early satellites was re-radiated by the ground repeater 18. Selecting an early signal allows the repeater 18 or receiver 14 to absorb any delays encountered during signal processing. The ground re-radiation network would otherwise be implemented in the same manner as previously described for a single satellite configuration. Another difference between a two-satellite system and a one-satellite system is the three-branch radio receiver 14. The receiver 14 introduces appropriate compensation delays through the delay units 309 and 310, and M achieves simultaneous signal reception among the three received signals * and Xi Shiyi selects and discriminates between the three differential signals. The differential design of the dielectricless receiver is shown in circle 8. It includes one of the largest similar paper sizes, which is deducted from China National Standards (CNS) Α4 specifications (2 丨 〇 X 297 mm). (Please read the note on the back JS- before filling out this page) '' The Ministry of Economic Affairs 榀 ^-and only the consumer cooperation ii print A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (2.1.) The sex combiner 240, for early and In the later period of the LOS satellite signal, there is a switching combiner 307 between the ground re-radiation signal and the maximum similarity combiner 2 40. «When the two signals are both changed, the maximum similarity combine can improve the quality of reception. When the two signals change equally, the Eb / No limit can be improved by up to 3dB. The medialess receiver 14 is equipped with two receivers 301 and 302, which individually receive and recover TDM signals from the early and late satellites respectively * and select a desired broadcast channel from each of Μ and the previous supply 圔 6 In the same manner as described in the LOS satellite reception, this completes the signal for each received signal. Secondly, by using a delay unit 30 9 including a recording device, the broadcast channel signals obtained from the early satellites are extended, and they are accurately aligned with the symbols of the broadcast channels obtained from the later satellite signals, that is, the symbols are one by one. alignment. This can be accomplished by aligning the second broadcast channel with respect to each other, which results in the coincidence of the peaks of their service control headers. In the delay unit 309, this coincidence is detected in a phase comparator unit. The next step is to use the maximum similarity combiner 2 40 to combine the bits of the two broadcast channels, bit by bit, and each bit is represented by a soft decision form. The maximum number of similarity merges is determined in bits of 1 millisecond block. Second, the output of the maximum similarity combiner 240 is applied as an input to the switch combiner 307, and the other input comes from the ground re-radiated signal receiver branch 308. Which one of S is selected to be input to Kfu to _out is determined by selecting the BC which is the minimum error of M. According to another embodiment of the present invention, one of the TDM signal receivers (for example, the receiver key 302 for the later satellite TDM signal) may be shown in Figure 9 to M and the signal from the ground re-radiation signal receiver branch 308. Signal maximum similarity merges. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 9, the switching combiner 307 has the largest similarity to this paper size and is suitable for the China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 24 ----------- --- tT ------ / w *.-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 _ ^ _ V. Description of the invention (22) _Out of the combiner 240 and other satellite signal reception Choose between a processor branch (such as branch 301). The delay units 309 and 310 can be configured to store the entire recovered bit stream for the purpose of delay, which requires more steps' but simplified merging. Otherwise, the delay units 309 and 310 may be configured to K to store only a part of the recovered TDM bit stream; however, the synchronization requirement for the merge becomes more complicated. In the switching combiner 307, the soft decision data supplied from the Viterbi decoders 217 and 231 or the Reed SoioBon decoders 219 and 233 'can be used to obtain an estimate of the error count. Judgment is made with a lag theory, which requires some errors before the judgment is reversed. This treatment is needed to prevent vibration between the two BCs when it is determined that they are nearly equal. Otherwise, a simple switching operation can be used, where switching always favors the BC ° hysteresis with minimal error to prevent vibration. The latter implementation avoids more complex maximum similarity merges. As shown in FIG. 10, another alternative may be the maximum similarity combination of three rounds (e.g., from receiver branches 301, 302, and 308). The differential combiner shown in circle 10 combines the three signals. Two are MXs connected to satellites 12 and 16 separated from the two space, one depicts an early signal * and the other-broadcasts a late signal. The third signal was received from a ground repeater 18 which rebroadcasted early satellite signals. These signals are received by the receiver branch 301 for early satellites 12, and are received by the receiver branch 302 for later satellites 16, and the receiver branch 308 receives early signals for retransmission by the repeater 18. Differential combiner 31 2 Μ maximum similarity ratio is combined in three-signal merged symbols. In this way, samples of symbols appearing in rotation have the highest probability of representing the original transmitted symbol. To accomplish this, the early satellite 12 and repeater 18 signals are in the same paper size as Luzhou_ 中 阌 &quot; 5 &quot; ^^ (CNS) Α4 size (210 &gt; &297; 297 mm 1 ~ 25---* (Please first Read the note on the back and fill in this page) Central Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 '· And U-industrial consumer cooperation Women's Printing A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (23) Delayed satellite signals for delay units 309 and 310 will be delayed. The realignment of the individual symbols of the signal 'results in their coincidence in time. The simple prior adjustment of the delay units 309 and 310' is sufficient to roughly align the outputs of the delay units 309 and 310 to within a TDM frame M of 138 microseconds. Fine alignment to the main frame preamble (MFP) of the TDM frame is unambiguous. In order to precisely align the three-signal symbols, the units 39 and 310 are delayed by a fine humor to a small part of a symbol In the copy M, align the MFP for each signal 潦 0. Please continue to refer to the symbol combination in unit 312. If it is included in the background of noise and irrelevant multipath interference, the normalized variation of the signal symbol σ X2 , Is the sample count from the observation These variations are calculated for early (E), late (L) and repeater 18 or gap filler (G) signal symbols. Samples of individual signals for early, late and gap filler symbols, Then M has the variation ratios (%) _ 1, (H) 1 and (q 4) _ 1 defined as follows: * M multiplex transmission: (&lt; 1,) _ 1 is the weighting factor with the earlier symbol St. Cong -1 is the weighting factor with the early symbol Satoshi _ 1 is the weighting factor with the early symbol SqBHi Satoshi The weighting factor is inversely proportional to the estimated wheat difference and normalized by K * so that b + n7 = 1 ^ = / (σ + σ * σ) η = σ b &gt; / (&lt; y V + σ ^ * σ ^) 〇tr = σ / (σ i: '+ σ bv * cr 4) and the sum constitutes the maximum similarity ratio combining symbols. These Combine the symbols and give the paper standard Shizhou China National Standards (^^ 8) 8 4 specifications (2 丨 0 parent 297 mm) ------- II -m (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page), · ιτ The central pillow rate of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ only labor and cooperation cooperation women printed button A7 B7 5. Description of the invention ( Μ is transmitted to the time release multiplexer / FEC decoder / BC re-multiplexer unit 250 (Figure 11), the components of which have been previously described on Μ in conjunction with Figure 5 to K, Μ by the decision process to restore the maximum similarity Sex ratio merge symbol. The differential combiner shown in FIG. 12 first merges the two satellites 12 and 16, and the received signals are one for broadcasting an early signal and the other for broadcasting a late signal. The result of this merging is secondly determined by the least bit error and merged with the reception of an earlier signal which has been retransmitted by the gap filler repeater 18 on the ground. The receiver branch 301 for early satellites, the receiver branch 302 for late satellites, and the receiver branch 308 for early signals retransmitted by the gap filler repeater 18 receive individual signals. The maximum similarity ratio difference combiner 412M and M combine with the combiner 312 in FIG. 10 to describe the three signals in the same way * combining the symbols of the early and late satellite signals. In this way, the last symbol appearing at the output of the unit 412 has the highest probability of representing the original transmitted symbol. The result from unit 412 is next merged by M with the minimum repeater selection unit 417 from the ground repeater 18. Within unit 417, it is preferred to have two units 250 make FEC decoded symbol decisions for broadcasting the entire channel frame of the added signal in its turn. One unit 250 makes its decision at the output from the maximum similarity judging unit 412, and the other unit 250 makes a decision from the signal received from the ground repeater 18. These decisions also provide the number of errors made for each decision observed over the duration of a broadcast frame. A BER comparison unit 414 operates in conjunction with a minimum BER selection unit 417 to select the symbol of the broadcast frame with the least error as determined from the inputs of the Viterbi FEC units 217 and 231. In order to implement the necessary delay operation, the delay units 309 and 310 make the early and gap filling of this paper size suitable for China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). _ Til binding / W-~-(Please read first Note on the back page, please fill in this page) 137 V. Description of the invention (23) (Please read the note on the back page, and then fill out this page) The symbol signal is delayed * so that its individual symbols and the symbols received from the satellites later, re-check The symbol time coincides. The delay alignment method used here is the same as that described for the implementation of FIG. According to another aspect of the present invention, an indoor re-radiation system 450 illustrated in Fig. 13 is provided. Because of the dielectricless receivers located in buildings or other structures, it is usually impossible to use the LOS reception of satellite signals. 'Unless the radio receiver 14 is located in the LOS window of the satellite 12 or 16, strengthen the indoor satellite signal for a more complete coverage. painting. As shown in FIG. 13, the sky media 45 2 can be located outside with respect to the building, and K can achieve LOS reception of the satellite signal. A humorous RF front-end unit 454 is connected to Sky Media 45 2 and is preferably configured to K to select a portion of the RF spectrum containing the main frequency content of the satellite signal, and by doing so, there is a very low increase Noise. An interconnecting cable 456 is provided, and K outputs a signal to an amplifier 458 at the output of the harmonic RF front-end unit 454. The amplifier 458 is connected to a re-radiating antenna 460 located in the building. The Central Prototype Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Co., Ltd. printed the amplifier 458 to increase the power of the satellite signal to a level sufficient to allow a non-electricity receiver to satisfy indoor reception. level. The power level radiated from the antenna 46 0 is high enough to achieve a normally satisfactory indoor reception at the satellite's L0S *, but not so high as to result in a difference between the indoor antenna 4 0 and one or more receiving antennas 45 2 The uncertainty of the signal returned by the path. Therefore, it is better to have a high isolation (that is, about 70-80 dB) between the indoor antenna 466 and the outdoor antenna 452. Where the indoor re-radiation signal merges with an outdoor signal transmitted directly from the satellite, there will be a receiving area (for example, by staying or going to the building's paper size, using the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297) (Centi) -28 ~ Printed by 贝 7 Β7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of Central Bureau of Quasi-Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China 5. Description of Invention (26) or other openings of structure). In order to ensure that the combination of these signals does not occur in a destructive manner, the time delay between the signal and the outdoor signal and the indoor signal is preferably less than the symbol width of the signal transmitted to the M. a part. For example, for a symbol width of about 540 nanoseconds *, a time delay between 50 and 100 nanoseconds can be tolerated. Time delay is usually due to the time required for a signal to travel including the outdoor antenna 452, the path of the cable (where the signal usually travels at two thirds of the speed of light), and the time required to travel to the indoor antenna 460. In the area covered by the indoor antenna, another delay occurs when the signal travels from the indoor antenna 460 to the wireless receiver 14. This time delay is preferably only 20¾ of the symbol width * that is, a system for a symbol width of 540 奄 microseconds, which is not more than 100 milliseconds. The purpose of the ground repeater is to retransmit a signal received from a satellite to an area where the signal is otherwise blocked. Many of these ground repeaters 18 may be placed at a height h along a road or other path and separated by a distance d, as shown in FIG. The height and separation distance between repeaters on the ground need not be equal. The ground repeater 18 includes a receiving antenna 46 2 pointed at the satellite 12 or 16, a receiver (not shown), which replies with a signal, and K — which is sufficient to drive a transmitting antenna 46 4. The path below it * power flux density is comparable to that expected from a normal satellite. The transmitting antenna 464 is shielded by M to prevent the transmitting signal from reaching a ground repeater receiving antenna 462 with a non-qualitative level caused by a sufficient M. The transmitting antenna 464 has a length L sufficient at several wavelengths, and a hole * which causes a difference in path length between the transmitter 464 and the receiving antenna of the vehicle spokes radiates its power at the carrier frequency. When the car is driving along this path, one of the radio receivers 14 receives the paper size applicable to the Chinese storehouse standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 29 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) '' .Installation. 1T Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, B7. 5. Description of Invention (27) Signal from more than one ground repeater 18. For example, at position A, a vehicle is closest to the ground repeater 18b, and the signal of the ground repeater has an advantage and causes reception. The signals from the ground repeaters 18a and 18b are low due to the distance and antenna radiation pattern, and cause very little interference. If the car assistant is in position B, the radio receiver 14 in this position receives signals from the ground repeaters 18c and 18d. Since the distance is close to #, and assuming that the time difference between the signals radiated from the ground repeaters 3 and 4 is adjusted to zero, the time difference between the signals received by the vehicles is sufficiently small, resulting in enhanced constructivity. Compared to the symbol period of the digital signal received by K, when choosing the distance h and d, this condition can be achieved by M. It is important that the signals from the repeaters arriving at the vehicle from different grounds cause differences. If this is not done, the signal from the terrestrial repeater * will be combined alternately in the same phase and in the different phase M and the phase in between, as would be received at position B. When it is in phase, the signal is strengthened, and when it is out of phase, the signal is canceled. When signal cancellation occurs, the signal is completely lost. In addition, the final carrier phase of the signal caused by the addition of the ground repeater carrier rotates at a rate equal to the nearly monochromatic Doppler differential rotation, making it difficult to perform QPSK modulation. The distribution of the transmitted signal at the aperture L, or at the same time difference between L / C, produces a differential emission that results in an extension in the arrival time (where C = the speed of light), eliminating amplitude cancellation, and can be corrected by applying adaptive equalization technology. Effect of phase rotation. This applies to all vehicle positions between positions A and B. Considering that a signal has a symbol period of about 540 to 5 50 nanoseconds, an example of a proper selection of the distance with respect to the symbol period will be understood. The distance d and the height h and M are chosen to cause a time delay across the inclined distance (d2 + h2) 1/2, resulting in the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) _ ολ _

Jzi, Binding •-{Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Λ7 B7 V. Description of the invention (28) A delay is not more than one quarter of a symbol period. In this example, the tilt distance is 550 / d = l_37. 5 feet. A microsecond is equal to one foot at the speed of light. Therefore, if the height is 20 feet, the distance d is 180 feet. When compared with the distance d, the height h is preferably relatively small, and M will cause the distance difference between the vehicle and each ground repeater 18 to be changed by a sufficient amount to ensure that the signal level from any ground repeater is relatively low. Attenuator attenuates 10dB or more from a ground repeater above the head. The length L is preferably between 5 and 10 feet to provide sufficient path length differentiation at L-band frequencies. If an equalizer unit is incorporated in the mobile receiver 14 of the vehicle, the time difference of arrival can be extended to several symbols, thus increasing the distance between the ground repeaters to more than 1,000 feet. The same time difference will be transmitted several times from the same source in no more than 5-10 nanoseconds. Although various embodiments have been chosen as examples to illustrate the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made therein without difficulty. The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended patents. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 'Packaging, printed by 1TB Consumers Cooperatives, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs 31 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Scope of patent application-a digital broadcasting system, the broadcasting program is a satellite for transmitting at least one satellite wave frequency from the ground, and the wireless broadcasting area of the satellite broadcasting program at least 2. According to the time 3. If it is used 4. If it is used before the connection, connect the electric receiver; a terrestrial repeater, the number is at least part of a second carrier, M can be connected according to the media and can not apply to the special division Multi-channel application and multi-carrier application for exclusive reception of satellites and satellites. Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative. 5. If you apply for a special first code, assign a number to K 6. If the second carrier frequency part is at least A part of the profit range is transmitted, the modulation range is adjusted, the modulation range is adjusted, and the signal is demodulated into the profit range. The second code is the profit range, and the application range is for the special satellite to be operable at a rate of at least one. Radio receiver, for transmitting a broadcasting program to a radio receiving ground station to generate * contains: a station receiving a broadcasting program, and a first carrier signal containing at least a part of the broadcasting program For receiving the satellite signals, and generating and transmitting at least one frequency from the terrestrial broadcast signal comprising a repeater on the ground to allow the broadcast radio receiver encompasses receive satellite signal receiving system of the van, it is operable to 4 wherein the satellite program. The system of item 1, wherein the ground repeater can operate the ground signal. A three-item system in which the ground repeater is operable to modulate the baseband signal to a baseband signal using multi-carrier modulation. System of item 1 *, where the satellite signal refers to the transmission access channel code, and the terrestrial signal divides the multiplexed access channel code. The system of item 1 further includes a second satellite. The ground station receives the broadcasting program, and the first and second satellite signals include at least one of the broadcasting program and are delayed relative to the transmission of the other signal. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). Installation and application 6. Scope of patent application Scheduled time period. 7. —A ground repeater for re-radiating the broadcast signal to the radio receiver includes: a receiver for receiving the broadcast signal; M and a ground waveform modulator for generating a ground signal including the broadcast signal y, The ground signal is modulated to K by a multi-carrier modulation by a ground waveform modulator. 8. If the ground repeater of item 7 of the patent application is applied, wherein the broadcast signal is transmitted from a satellite to a radio receiver using a first carrier frequency to K, the ground waveform modulator is operable to use a second carrier Transmits ground signals to radio receivers. 9. If the terrestrial repeater of item 7 of the patent application scope, the terrestrial waveform modulator includes: a time-division multiplexer for releasing the broadcast signal from a serial time-division multiplexed bit stream Multiplexed to many parallel bit streams; M and an inverse fast Fourier transform device for generating a digital analog signal containing a plurality of discrete Fourier transform coefficients. Printed by the Central Consumer Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives (please read the precautions on the back, and then fill out this page) 10. —A method to convert the one-time multiplexed bit stream to many multi-carrier modulation signals * Included The following steps: Divide the time-division multiplexed bit stream into a plurality of parallel bit paths; each path of the plurality of bit paths indicates that each predetermined number of bits is a virtual component and a real component. The symbol of the component; M and the parallel input that provides the symbol to an inverse Fourier transform converter, as the input of the complex frequency coefficient, K is generated as the output of the narrowband * orthogonal carrier. 11. If the method of applying for item 10 of the patent scope, it also includes generating a protected copy ^ Zhang H, using Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 grid (210X297 mm) -2-Central Liang rate bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Co-operative seal 11 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. The steps of applying for a patent interval for this carrier. 12. For the method according to item 11 of the patent application scope, wherein the generating step includes the following steps: allocating a part of a symbol period opposing each symbol duration to the protection time; K and reducing the performance time of each symbol . 13. The method of claim 12 in which the reduction step includes the following steps: storing the output of the inverse Fourier transform converter in a memory device per symbol period; K and every time the symbol period has passed. After a portion, it is retrieved from the memory device. 14. The method according to item 11 of the patent application, wherein the generating step further includes a step of filling a guard interval by outputting a subset of the inverse Fourier transform. 15. If the method of claim 10 is applied, the method further comprises inserting a synchronization symbol every predetermined number of symbol periods, so that a sampling window corresponding to a part of the symbol period of a receiver is opposite each symbol period of a receiver. Carrier synchronization provides many multi-carrier modulation signal steps. 16. The method of claim 10 in the patent application scope further includes the step of passing through the time-division multi-plant transmission bit stream to reduce the total bandwidth associated with the carrier. 17. The method according to item 16 of the scope of patent application, wherein the piercing step includes the step of selectively removing bits from the time-division multiplexing wheel bit stream before providing the symbols to the parallel input of the inverse Fourier transform converter. Yuan's steps. 18.—A digital broadcasting system for transmitting a broadcasting program to a radio receiver. The broadcasting program is generated at a ground station and includes: This paper size uses the Chinese National Slope (CNS) A4 specification (210 &gt; &lt; 297 mm) 3 -------- install ------ order ------ t- ·. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs A8 B8 C8 D8 printed by another consumer cooperative 6. The scope of the patent application is a first satellite, which is configured to receive a broadcast program from a ground station and transmit at least one first satellite signal at a first carrier frequency containing at least V of the broadcast program Part to the radio receiver, the satellite includes a first signal processing device configured to format the first satellite signal according to one of time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing; M and at least one ground weight The transmitter is configured to receive a first satellite signal, and generate and transmit at least one ground signal from a first satellite signal including at least a part of a broadcasting program at a second carrier frequency. The ground repeater includes a second signal. Processing device, adapted to suit Equalization time division multiplexing, frequency hopping coherent adaptive equalization friction time division multiplexing, the code division transfer wheel and one multi-carrier modulation multiplex, so that the ground signal format. 19. The digital broadcasting system of item 18 of the patent application, wherein at least one of the radio receivers is configured to receive the first satellite signal and the ground signal * and includes a differential combiner to use the first satellite An output signal is generated from at least the corresponding portion of the house signal and the ground signal received with the fewest bit errors. 20. If the digital broadcasting system of item 18 in the scope of patent application includes a second satellite, it is configured to receive a broadcasting program from a ground station and transmit at least one including at least a part of the broadcasting program. The second satellite 1 signal to none. The school electricity receiver * The second satellite signal is delayed by a selected time relative to the first satellite signal, and the second satellite includes a third signal processing device configured according to the first One of the corresponding time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing used by one satellite formats the second satellite signal. 21. If the digital broadcasting system of item 20 of the patent application scope, at least this paper size uses the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -4-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page)-Installation. Order printed by A8, B8, C8, D8, Central Consumers ’Cooperative Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 6. Scope of patent application. One of the medialess receivers is configured to receive the first satellite signal, the second satellite signal and Ground signal, which delays at least one of the first satellite signal and the ground signal according to the selected time delay, and uses the first satellite signal, the second satellite signal, and the corresponding minimum portion of the ground signal to receive the error Generate an output signal. 22. If the digital broadcasting system of item 21 of the patent application range, wherein the radio receiver delays the first satellite signal and the ground signal according to the selected time delay, and includes a differential combiner and a switching combiner, the radio The receiver uses a differential combiner to determine the maximum similarity of the first satellite signal and the second satellite signal, and the switch combiner includes the error of the least number of bits according to which of the differential combiner and the ground signal, and Choose between the output of the differential combiner and the ground signal. 23. For example, the digital broadcasting system of claim 21, wherein the wireless receiver delays the first satellite signal and the ground signal according to the selected time delay, and includes a differential combiner for the first satellite signal, and the second The maximum similarity judgment of satellite signals and ground signals is combined. 24. A receiver for receiving a broadcast signal in a digital broadcast system includes: a first receiver branch for receiving a first satellite signal transmitted from a first satellite at a first carrier frequency, the first The satellite signal contains at least a portion of the broadcast signal and is formatted according to one of time division multiplexing and code &gt; code division multiplexing. The first receiver branch includes a demodulator for restoring the Broadcast at least a part of the signal; a second receiver branch for receiving a signal transmitted at a second carrier frequency; this paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -5-(please (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page)-Installation-Order printed by A8 B8 C8 D8 of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives VI. Patent application ground signal, which includes at least part of the broadcast signal , And according to the self-equalization equalization time division multiplexing, coherent frequency hopping adaptive equalization time division multiplexing, one of code divisional multiplexing and multi-carrier modulation is formatted to κ, the second receiving Device Branched comprises a demodulator for recovery at least a portion of the broadcast signal; and a combiner for using the first satellite signal and the received signal ground κ most a few bits of the portion corresponding to the error signal to generate an output. 25. If the receiver of the scope of application for patent No. 24, further includes: a third receiver branch for receiving a second satellite signal from a second satellite, and according to a selected time delay, relative to the first satellite The signal is delayed. The second satellite signal includes at least a portion of the broadcast signal, and formats one of the first satellite corresponding to time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing. The first receiver branch includes a A demodulator for Jfe to resend at least a part of the signal; M and a delay device for delaying the first satellite signal and the ground signal according to the selected time delay; the combiner is operable to use the first satellite signal, The corresponding portion of the ground signal received by the second satellite signal and the minimum bit error of K generates an output signal. 26. A method for transmitting a broadcast program to a radio receiver, including the following steps: Formatting a broadcast signal for transmission to the radio receiver as a first signal according to one of time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing At a first carrier frequency, a first signal is transmitted from a first satellite S to a radio receiver; according to autocompliance, time-division multiplexing * coherent frequency jitter adaptive, etc. Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm)-β _ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) ---------------------- ·· 4 Printed by the Central Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Central Bureau of Labor and Consumer Cooperatives A8 B8 C8 D8 Six. Application for patent scope Time-division multiplex transmission, code division multiplex transmission and multi-carrier modulation, format β broadcast signal For transmitting to a radio receiver as a second signal; and for transmitting a second signal from a terrestrial repeater I to a dielectricless receiver at a second carrier frequency. 2 7. The method according to item 26 of the patent application, wherein the formatting step for formatting the broadcast signal as the second signal includes the following steps: receiving the first signal on the ground repeater; and Time-division multiplexing based on auto-equalization, coherent frequency hopping, self-equalization, multi-multiplexing, code-passing multiplexing and multi-carrier modulation before formatting the baseband of the first signal deal with. 28. The method according to item 27 of the patent application, further comprising the step of using one of the radio receivers to receive the first signal and the second signal. 29. If the method of the scope of patent application is No. 28, the method includes the steps of demodulating the first and second signals to remove their respective formatting and recovering a first recovered broadcast signal and a second recovered signal. Broadcast signal. r 3 0. The method according to item 29 of the patent application, further comprising the step of merging selected portions of the first resumed broadcast signal and the second resumed broadcast signal to generate a round of broadcast signals. 31. If the method according to item 30 of the patent application is applied, the generating step includes the step of merging the maximum similarity of the broadcast signal for the first recovery and the broadcast signal for the second recovery ". 32. The method according to item 26 of the patent application scope, further comprising the following steps: Formatting and broadcasting according to one of time division multiplexing and code / division multiplexing. This paper standard is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X297mm) -7 _ (Please read the note on the back before filling in this page) ---------- Installation ------ Order-8888 ABCD ~, patent application scope The special excitation of the star signal is a selected symbol period, and between the video antenna and the indoor re-radiation of the sky medium, the satellite signal transmission and holding time is kept at less than one selected by limiting the length of at least one electric chirp. The symbol duration of the quantity. 36. If the indoor &lt; strong system of item 35 of the patent application scope, wherein the duration of the transmission of the satellite signal between the line of sight and the indoor re-radiation antenna is not more than 20% of the selected symbol period and Between 26 percent. 37. — An enhanced system for receiving a digital broadcast system using satellite signals transmitted by a radio receiver located outdoors. The satellite signal is characterized by a selected symbol period, including at least two terrestrial repeaters. The special exciter of the ground repeater is a degree of separation h, and a distance d is opened between M, and the tilt distance from one of the ground repeaters to the non-electrical receiver is (d2 + h2) ½ to M. In order to limit the delay in receiving a satellite signal from one of the terrestrial repeaters in a dielectricless receiver to between 20% and 25% of the symbol period. ----- ^ --- Installation ---- ^ --- Order ----- Π Line T (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Central Ladder Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs * ζ 工Printed by Consumer Cooperatives 9 paper sizes, using Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210 × 297 mm)