五、發明説明（1 ) A7 B7 妗滅部中少椋卑扃兵J消於合作私印來 相關申諸案之交叉來老 本發明係基於申請案60/049,341，申請日1997年6月11 { 曰，60 /059,463,申請曰 1997年 9 月 22 曰，及 60/081,917,申 請曰1998年4月16曰》 發明領域 概略而言本發明係關於土壤試驗技術。 發明背景 經常重要的去測定土壌對液化之抗性，土壌之劣化特 性_，土壞於低度剪切變形時之剪切模量，及土壤之剪切模 量隨剪切變形之變化。通常此等土壤性質及其他性質為分 析某個位置或基礎結構系統對於地震、海浪或機械震動引 起的動態負载的反應所需。 土壤性質可藉原地田野試驗決定。例如土壌之液化抗 性可由穿透試驗決定，試驗包括將封閉端探頭以緩慢控制 速率穿透入土地或藉猛烈衝擊將筒體驅擊入土地。土壤之 液化阻力與探頭或筒體穿透時之阻力有交互關係。 藉扭力激發土壞測量液化阻力之技術揭示於R〇bert& Wanda Henke 之專利案 Nos. 4,594,899 及 Nos. 5,203,824。 此種專利案中示例說明之試驗裝置包含一對同心末端開放 之筒體插入待試驗土壤。施加於内筒體之扭力及筒體於土 壤對施加扭力之反應可藉安裝於内筒體之感測器測量。 此種土壞試驗中，錢一個搪孔而採取土壤樣本，試驗 裝置下降該搪孔而試驗土壤。試驗裝置固定於搪孔内之螺 旋土錢。試驗裝置受到大體施加力或扭力或來自土壤的其 請 先 閲 讀 背 面 之 注V. Description of the invention (1) A7 B7 In the Ministry of Destruction, the young and middle-aged soldier J disappeared in a cooperative private seal to cross the related applications. The present invention is based on application 60 / 049,341. The application date is June 11, 1997. {Said, 60 / 059,463, application dated September 22, 1997, and 60 / 081,917, application dated April 16, 1998 "Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to soil testing technology. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is often important to determine the resistance of soil moth to liquefaction, the degradation characteristics of soil moth, the shear modulus of soil when it is worse than low shear deformation, and the change in shear modulus of soil with shear deformation. These soil properties and others are often needed to analyze the response of a location or infrastructure system to dynamic loads caused by earthquakes, waves, or mechanical vibrations. Soil properties can be determined by field experiments. For example, the soil liquefaction resistance can be determined by a penetration test. The test includes penetrating the closed-end probe into the ground at a slow controlled rate or driving the barrel into the ground with a violent impact. The liquefaction resistance of the soil has an interactive relationship with the resistance of the probe or cylinder when it penetrates. The technique of measuring the liquefaction resistance by torsion-induced soil damage is disclosed in Robert & Wanda Henke patents Nos. 4,594,899 and Nos. 5,203,824. The test device exemplified in this patent includes a pair of concentric open cylinders inserted into the soil to be tested. The torsional force applied to the inner cylinder and the response of the cylinder to the soil to the applied torque can be measured by a sensor installed in the inner cylinder. In this kind of soil damage test, a sample of soil is taken from a bored hole, and the test device lowers the bored hole to test the soil. The test device is screwed into the borehole. The test device is subjected to a general force or torsion or it comes from soil.Please read the note on the back side first.
I 裝 頁 訂 線 本紙張尺錢财關家鱗210X297^) 4 A7 B7 五、 發明説明（2) 他反應力。如此試驗裝置所繫缚的螺旋土鑽可作為反應裝 置來進行試驗裝置的多種操作。 t 發明k述 土壤試驗總成包括土壤試驗筒體及般體。拔出器桿聯 結試驗筒體與殼體，同時許可桿、殼體與試驗筒體間之相 對轴向運動。 圖式之簡箪說明 第1圖為單筒探頭於使用中其關鍵元件之示意說明圖 第1A圖為施加扭力相對時間之簡圖； 第1B圖為探頭旋轉反應相對於時間之簡圖； 第2圖為探頭已經被夾緊之被包埋之鑽總成之剖面圖 請 先 閲 讀 背 之 注- 項 再一 填- t 裝 訂 經淖部中"榡準局貝·τ消费合作.ίι印製 第3圖為探頭下部於第一位置之剖面圖； 第4圖為探頭下部於第二位置之剖面圖； 第5圈為探頭下部於第三位置之剖面圖； 第6圖為探頭下部於第四位置之剖面圖； 第7圖為探頭筒體下部之分解視圓； 第8圖為探頭筒艘下部之分解視圓； 第9圖為習知鑽柱塞之剖面圓； 第10圖為改良鑽柱塞於第一位置之剖面圖；及 第11圖為第10圖所示鑽枉塞於第二位置剖面圖。 較佳具艏例之說明 參照第1圖，單一筒髏14附接於有線探頭之配備儀 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（（'NS ) Λ4規格（210x 297公楚） 器 5 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 之頭16，位於習知中空桿螺旋土鑽12下方被穿透入土鍈下 方之土壤A。試驗土壤環繞末端開放之試驗筒體下部。為I Binding and Binding This paper ruler Qiancai Guanjia scale 210X297 ^) 4 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) Other reactions. The auger earth drill tied to such a test device can be used as a reaction device to perform various operations of the test device. t Invention k The soil test assembly includes a soil test cylinder and a general body. The extractor rod is connected to the test cylinder and the casing, and the relative axial movement between the rod, the casing and the test cylinder is permitted. Brief description of the drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the key components of the monotube probe in use. Figure 1A is a simplified diagram of the relative time of the applied torque; Figure 1B is a simplified diagram of the probe's rotation response versus time; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embedded diamond assembly where the probe has been clamped. Please read the note at the back-and fill it in again. Figure 3 is a sectional view of the lower part of the probe at the first position; Figure 4 is a sectional view of the lower part of the probe at the second position; Circle 5 is a sectional view of the lower part of the probe at the third position; Sectional view at the fourth position; Figure 7 is the exploded view circle of the lower part of the probe barrel; Figure 8 is the exploded view circle of the lower part of the probe barrel; Figure 9 is the sectional circle of the conventional drill plunger; Figure 10 is A sectional view of the improved drill plunger in the first position; and FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the drill collar plug in the second position shown in FIG. 10. For a better example, refer to Figure 1. A single tube 14 is attached to a wired probe. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard (('NS) Λ4 size (210x 297 cm). 5 A7 B7 5 3. The head 16 of the invention description (3) is located below the conventional hollow rod auger soil drill 12 and penetrates into the soil A below the soil. The test soil surrounds the lower part of the test cylinder which is open at the end.
I 了進杵試驗，具有選定程度之衝擊扭矩τ(第1圖）經由配備 儀器頭16施加於筒體14經歷時間t而於試驗土壤A誘生剪應 力及應變。配備儀器頭16及筒體14之回應為以角0旋轉震 盪歷時間t’而其方式顯然與第1B圖所示試驗土壌之剪切 模量及相關變形參數有強烈相關，如第1B圚所示。剪切 模量及相關參數係以分析方式藉模擬試驗由扭矩及旋轉測 量求出。剛性土壤反應17比較軟性土壤反應15顯示於第1B 圖。 參照第2圖，於單筒扭力筒形剪切試驗系統18之探頭1〇 被夾緊於鑽總成12,隨後將鑽筒體14穿透入待試驗土壤内 。探頭包括穿透筒體20及轴向負載單元22以及橫向夾具24 來夹緊鑽總成12内部之探頭10。 妗滅部中决樣埤局a^Jr.消资告作i.i印製 ---------I- (請先閲讀背面之注<1^項再4·寫本頁) 如第3圖所示，探頭1〇下部l〇a包括殼體28，配備儀器 之頭30及探頭筒體42及可於B彼此部份分開。殼體與配備 儀器頭/探頭筒體總成間之接合處32許可兩個單元間之轴 向異位’但當兩個單元完全齧合時，經由摩擦力可對抗相 對旋轉。筒體拔出器桿34連接於探頭殼體28與配備儀器頭 30間。放大頭37之轴環36使筒體拔出器桿34與探頭殼體28 間齧合；及筒體拔出器桿34之放大腳40之座38可提供筒體 拔出器桿34與配備儀器頭30間之齧合。V字形環溝32b成 形於般體28而匹配配備儀器頭30之V字形環32a。溝32b與 環32a可輔助匹配二部件。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標净（（、NS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） 6 經滴部中次標準局貞了消贽合作社印掣 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 最初如第3圖所示，配備儀器頭30友探頭筒體42藉筒 體拔出器桿34懸吊於土壤A上方。殼體與配備儀器頭間之 接合k32與探頭筒體總成之分隔為最大距離。分隔受筒體 拔出器桿總成所限而軸環36及座38牴住頭37及腳40。筒體 拔出器桿34之頭及腳及對應之相對表面構造使殼體與配備 儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成間之分隔距離不大於當筒體拔 出器桿之頭37牴住軸環36及筒體拔出器桿34之腳40牴住座 38時之原有距離。筒體拔出器桿之腳40及頭37之錐形及對 應承載面38、38促成殼體與配備儀器頭/探頭筒體總成間 之適當對正。腳40可藉螺栓41聯結至桿34。也可設置加速 儀33。 如第4圖所示，探頭筒體42於指示方向穿透待藉穿透 筒體試驗之土壤A。穿透探頭筒體需要的反應力係來自於 探頭夾緊至其上之鑽總成（第2圖）。探頭呈第4圊之壓縮狀 態，殼體28及配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成彼此於接合 處32接觸。 穿透期間，若用於探頭内部之壓縮力透過穿透筒體傳 遞至配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成通過殼體。壓縮力並 未傳輸通過扭力負載單元44。此點即為何所需，原因為穿 〆, ' .....^ 透期間出現的壓縮力可能相當大。雖然殼體壁可能堅固而 可忍受此種力，但扭力負載單元44通常壁薄而僅能測量低 度扭矩。負載單元可能於中等壓縮力下坍陷。探頭於壓縮 狀態下，筒體拔出器桿34由筒體拔出器桿軸環36自由懸吊 。筒體拔出器桿之腳40與腳之座38間之分隔為最大距離。 本紙張尺度诮州中國國家標净（CNS ) Λ4規格（2】0X297公釐） I n I 訂 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 __ B7 • - - 五、發明説明（5 ) 如第5圖所示，於次一階段，探頭筒體42完全穿透於 土壤，穿透力被解除而探頭準備供試驗。探頭處於部份深 藏狀fe，其中殼體28由配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成舉 升（例如使用穿透筒體）中等量；換言之，於殼體與配備儀 器頭30/探頭筒艘42總成間之接合處32有個預定大小的間 隙B。此種情況下於試驗期間，全部施加於配備儀器頭3〇/ 探頭筒體42總成之扭矩皆通過扭力負載單元44而未通過殼 «28。負載單元44藉螺絲固定於配備儀器頭3〇。若部份施 加的扭矩經由般艟通過至配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成 ，則此扭矩不被測量，扭力負載單元測得之扭矩並非代表 施加於配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成之完整扭矩。如此 造成试驗結果解釋上的不碟定性，原因為扭力激發無法完 整定義故。 此外，配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成與殼體28分開 ，此種總成於试驗期間可自由旋轉。此種情況下，試驗土 壤預期對配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成之旋轉反應產生 最大衝擊，如此此種反應可反映出待試驗土壤之相關特性 至最大可能程度。相反地若配備儀器頭3〇/探頭筒艘42總 成由於释艘28與醉備做器頭3〇择觸轉果受約束，則試驗土 fit此*，成之旋轉反應之衝擊將減低未知量。總成反應無 法反映試驗土壤的相關特性至如同殼體與配備儀器頭3〇/ 探頭筒體42總成分開情況時之相同程度。如此，無法如同 後例由試驗結果推定所需土壌特性。探頭於部份延長狀態 ，筒體拔出器桿34由筒體拔出器桿軸環36自由懸吊筒體 ---------^------1T------^ * 丨 -· · (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙•張尺度適用中兩國家樣準((观）八4規格（210\297公着）-------— 經满部屮"標準局負二消費合作社印裝 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（6) 拔出器桿之腳40與腳之座38間分隔中等距離》 試驗係藉辆結至負載單元44之伸長部44b至有鍵端44aIn the pestle test, a selected degree of impact torque τ (Fig. 1) is applied to the cylinder 14 through the equipped instrument head 16 for a time t to induce shear stress and strain in the test soil A. The response of the instrument head 16 and the cylinder 14 is a rotation oscillation time t 'at an angle of 0, and the method is obviously strongly related to the shear modulus and related deformation parameters of the test soil as shown in Figure 1B, as shown in Figure 1B. Show. The shear modulus and related parameters were obtained from the torque and rotation measurements by means of simulation tests through analytical methods. Rigid soil response 17 is shown in Figure 1B compared to soft soil response 15. Referring to FIG. 2, the probe 10 of the single-cylinder torsion cylindrical shear test system 18 is clamped to the drill assembly 12, and then the drill body 14 is penetrated into the soil to be tested. The probe includes a probe 10 penetrating the inside of the drill assembly 12 penetrating the cylinder 20, the axial load unit 22, and the lateral clamp 24. The final sample of the Ministry of Justice is printed by a ^ Jr. Consumption Report ii --------- I- (please read the note on the back < 1 ^ item4 and write this page) as As shown in FIG. 3, the lower portion 10a of the probe 10 includes a housing 28, a head 30 equipped with an instrument, a probe barrel 42 and a portion separated from each other at B. The joint 32 between the housing and the equipped instrument head / probe barrel assembly allows axial misalignment between the two units', but when the two units are fully engaged, they can oppose relative rotation by friction. The barrel extractor lever 34 is connected between the probe housing 28 and the instrument head 30. The collar 36 of the magnifying head 37 engages the barrel extractor rod 34 with the probe housing 28; and the seat 38 of the magnifying foot 40 of the barrel extractor rod 34 can provide the barrel extractor rod 34 and equipment Engagement between instrument heads 30. The V-shaped groove 32b is formed in the general body 28 to match the V-shaped ring 32a provided with the instrument head 30. The groove 32b and the ring 32a can assist in matching the two parts. The size of this paper is applicable to Chinese National Standard ((, NS) Λ4 specifications (210X297 mm) 6 The Ministry of Standards and Standards Bureau of the People's Republic of China has eliminated the seal of the cooperative cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) Originally as shown in Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the probe head cylinder 40 equipped with the instrument head 30 is suspended above the soil A by the barrel puller rod 34. The joint between the housing and the equipped instrument head k32 is separated from the probe cylinder assembly by the maximum distance. The barrel extractor rod assembly is limited and the collar 36 and seat 38 hold the head 37 and feet 40. The head and feet of the barrel extractor rod 34 and the corresponding opposite surface structure make the housing and the instrument head 30 / The separation distance between the probe barrel 42 assembly is not greater than the original distance when the head 37 of the barrel extractor rod is holding the collar 36 and the foot 40 of the barrel extractor rod 34 is holding the seat 38. Tube The taper of the foot 40 and head 37 of the body extractor rod and the corresponding bearing surfaces 38, 38 facilitate proper alignment between the housing and the instrument head / probe barrel assembly. The foot 40 can be connected to the rod 34 by a bolt 41 An accelerometer 33 can also be provided. As shown in Figure 4, the probe barrel 42 penetrates the soil A to be tested by the penetration barrel in the indicated direction. The required reaction force of the cylinder comes from the drill assembly (Fig. 2) to which the probe is clamped. The probe is in the fourth compressed state, and the housing 28 and the instrument head 30 / probe cylinder 42 assembly are connected to each other. Contact at the joint 32. During penetration, if the compression force used in the probe is transmitted through the penetrating cylinder to the instrument head 30 / probe cylinder 42 assembly through the housing. The compression force is not transmitted through the torque load unit 44 This point is why it is necessary, because the compression force that occurs during penetration is likely to be quite large. Although the housing wall may be strong enough to tolerate this force, the torque load unit 44 is usually a wall It is thin and can only measure low torque. The load unit may collapse under moderate compression. When the probe is compressed, the barrel extractor rod 34 is freely suspended by the barrel extractor rod collar 36. The barrel is pulled out The distance between the foot 40 of the instrument and the seat 38 of the foot is the maximum distance. The paper size is Chuzhou China National Standard Net (CNS) Λ4 specification (2) 0X297 mm. I n I Thread (please read the note on the back first) Please fill in this page for matters) A7 __ B7 •--V. Description of Invention (5) As shown in Figure 5, in the next stage, the probe barrel 42 completely penetrated the soil, and the penetrating force was released and the probe was ready for testing. The probe is in a partially hidden fe, of which the housing 28 is equipped with an instrument head 30 / The probe cylinder 42 assembly is lifted (eg, using a penetrating cylinder) with a medium amount; in other words, there is a gap B of a predetermined size at the junction 32 between the housing and the instrument head 30 / probe cylinder 42 assembly. In this case, during the test, all the torque applied to the instrument head 30 / probe cylinder 42 assembly passed through the torque load unit 44 but not the case «28. The load unit 44 was fixed to the instrument head 30 by screws. If some of the applied torque passes through the assembly to the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 assembly, this torque is not measured, and the torque measured by the torque load unit does not represent the torque applied to the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 The complete torque of the assembly. This results in inconsistency in the interpretation of the test results, because the torque excitation cannot be fully defined. In addition, the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 assembly is separated from the housing 28, and this assembly can rotate freely during the test. In this case, the test soil is expected to have the greatest impact on the rotation response of the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 assembly. This response can reflect the relevant characteristics of the soil to be tested to the greatest extent possible. Conversely, if the instrument head 30 / probe tube 42 assembly is constrained due to the release of the ship 28 and the draught preparation head 30, the test soil will be fit *, and the impact of the rotation reaction will be reduced. the amount. The assembly response cannot reflect the relevant characteristics of the test soil to the same extent as when the total composition of the housing and the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 is opened. In this way, the required soil properties cannot be estimated from the test results as in the latter example. The probe is partially extended, and the barrel extractor rod 34 is freely suspended by the barrel extractor rod collar 36 ------ ^ ------ 1T ---- -^ * 丨-· · (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) The paper and sheet scale are applicable to the standards of the two countries in China ((view) 8 4 specifications (210 \ 297)) ----- --- Printed by Manbei " Standard Bureau Negative Two Consumer Cooperatives A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) The distance between the foot 40 of the puller rod and the seat 38 of the foot is medium distance. Extension 44b to keyed end 44a of unit 44
I 的馬逵驅動器（未顯示）進行。扭矩透過負載單元44施加於 配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成，然後藉加速測量儀33檢 測配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成之旋轉反應。 如第ό圖所示’於次一階段，探頭筒體42藉穿透筒體2〇 由試驗土壤拔出（第2圏）》探頭如第一階段處於完整伸長 狀態（第3圓），般體28及配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成彼 此分開最大可能量，以C表示。對於此階段，因土壤對探 頭筒體42施加阻力’故筒體拔出器桿34處於相當張力下。 張力不會通過扭力負載單元44。如此扭力負載單元44於拔 出階段（以及探頭筒體之穿透）被保護不受損。如同第一階 段（第3圈），探頭處於完全延伸狀態，筒體拔出器桿34之 頭37牴住筒體拔出器桿之軸環36，而筒體拔出器桿34之腳 40牴住腳之座38。再度筒體拔出器桿34之頭37及腳40之錐 形以及對應的承載面促成殼體28與配備儀器頭30 /探頭筒 嫌42總成間之妥為對正。 也可能殼體28與配備儀器頭30/探頭筒體42總成間之 接合處32之開閉可使用位置測量感測器，電動開關或轴向 負載單元監控，其測量順著探頭縱轴之探頭内部力β又殼 艘.包圍探頭區可被加壓。_例如當探頭浸沒於水下深度進行 測驗時有價值。内壓可減少部份外部大流體壓力例如薄壁 扭力負載單元内部出現大應力之不良影響》 如第7級8圖所示，筒體42具有縱切槽43包括上部件46 本紙张尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS >Λ4規格（210Χ297公釐） —-------装—— _ * --- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •1Τ 線 經消部屮次摞绛局员.τ-潸贽合作社印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) " ~- 即可更換的下部件48，下部件具有穿透輯。試驗期間下 部件撕接於上部件46。有效附接方法範例係將下部件料 壓合於上部件46内部。對正工具51用於壓合作業期間對正 下部件48之縱切槽43與上部件46之切槽43 »下部件48經由 機製上部件46及下部件48而提供壓合嵌合件47保持彼此相 對固定。於使用中，若下部件48之穿透緣5〇變成過度磨耗 或受損，則單純由上部件46壓迫出。然後將新的下部件48 壓迫入上部件内部而恢復筒體至原先情況。因下部件遠比 整個筒體廉價且容易更換，故使用分段筒體具有成本效益 。下部件及上部件具有匹配的偏位件49。 v 可使用多種資訊由單一筒體扭力圓筒剪力試驗結果指 示液吡抗性。例如液化抗性可由使用扭力圓筒衝擊剪力試 驗以單一末端開口試驗筒體於高度機動試驗期間，接受試 驗土壤所出現之最大剪應變估值指示。扭力圓筒衝擊剪力 試驗中，如第1圖示意顯示，試驗元件為單一末端開口之 筒艚。筒體藉扭力衝擊負載而機動。反應為筒體的旋轉運 動。接受試驗土壞出現之最大剪應變可由使用本試驗測得 之量有效推定《可高度液化土壤顯示剪應變之最大值高； 對液化有抗性之土壤顯示剪應變最大值低，而可中等液化 之土壤則顯示中間剪應變最大值。對於較高度機動而言， 發現扭力筒形衝擊剪力試驗可於飽和疏鬆淤沙沈積物（例 如高度可液化）誘生最大應變最大值而於黏土狀沈積物（例 如不可液化）誘生最小值。剪應變最大值通常係以分析估 計作為分析模擬估計剪切模量及相關參數之一部份。最大 本紙张尺度通州中國图家標卒（C'NS ) Λ4規格（210X 297公釐） ---------^------II------^ ..·· (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁〕 -.10 經消部十决標導局員工消於合作社印絮 A7 _ B7__ 五、發明説明（8 ) 剪應變估值也可於試驗期間直接測量得。另外替代最大剪 應變，使用試驗期間於試驗土壤出現之最大水壓測量時可 指示k化抗性。 扭力圓筒衝擊剪力試驗提供獨特特性組合。此種組合 預期導致比較其他廣為使用的原處方法j可特別準確指示原 處液化抗性。第一，扭力圓筒衝擊剪力試驗可對試驗土壤 施加合理的蜱粹剪應力。第二，應力具有合理的高度應力 。第三’剪應力導致合理純粹剪應變。此種特性組合有其 吸引力。相信液化主要係由剪力負載引起。剪力負載通常 相當大’其中最常見結果為剪應變大。雖然現有方法有其 重要性，但並無任一種方法具有此種特性組合可合理準確 的指示原處液化抗性。例如使用低應變方法，重要高應變 因素如弛張影饗無法於使用扭力圓筒衝擊剪力試驗完全反 應出。 參照第9圖，鑽孔至特定試驗深度供採樣及試驗工作 時，鑽總成54下端可插塞而防止鑽總成54下方土壤向上增 高進入總成内部。於試驗深度，若土壤朝向鑽升高則此土 壤（試驗土壤）將受干擾。試驗結果無法反映出未受干擾土 壌之期望特點。但習知柱塞52仍然許可於柱塞移動準備試 驗時許可土壤朝向鑽升高。柱塞52主要為實心筒體，蓋住 鑽之内搪孔。藉升高枉塞所附接之鑽孔桿56而使柱塞由鑽 總成54移開。柱塞之最初移動期間（以d指示），可於柱塞 與下方土壤A間出現抽取力。抽取力使得下方土壤如箭頭 E指示隨著柱塞移動，因此試驗土壤向上移至鑽而變成干 ^紙張尺度㈣悄财料(CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） --------：- -.11 - ---------种衣------1T------.^ (請先聞讀背面之注^^項再填寫本頁〕 勉满部屮*標準局員工消汝合作.社印來 Α7 Β7 五、發明说明（9) 擾。 現在參照第10圖，附接於改良鑽孔桿70之特殊鑽柱塞 58可k少柱塞去除期間介於鑽柱塞與下方土壤間出現的抽 取力。柱塞係由兩個主要組件組成，定向探頭/閥總成60 及殼體62，其可彼此隔開預定量。鑽孔期間，當定向探頭 /閥總成60被下方的土壤壓迫封閉（如第1〇圖所示），兩個 組件被鎖定楔66妨礙無法以縱轴為轴彼此相對旋轉而柱塞 發揮習知作用。 總成60包括T字形中空桿件72螺接於末端74。桿72適 合於搪孔76内部滑動。通道78界定貫穿桿72。總成60與殼 體62之面對面表面為匹配之楔形表面。 於鑽總成鑽孔至試驗深度後，移出柱塞58〇但最初 移動鑽孔桿70期間，柱塞上部升高，如第η圖所示。如此 使閥打開’許可鑽孔流體F(位於鐄總成之柱塞上方）流過 流體孔65通過開口 64環繞定向探頭/閥總成60及流入接觸 定向探頭/閥總成60下方的土壤。如此可減少如習知柱塞 被移出時作用在下方土壤的抽取力。結果可減少移開柱塞 時鑽下方土壤升高的傾向。經由於從鑽移開柱塞期間抑制 土壤朝向鑽升高，可使試驗土壤之干擾減至最低。結果單 一筒艘扭力圓筒剪力試驗（舉例）更為貼切的反映出未受干 擾的土壤特性^ 雖然係就有限數目的具體例說明本發明，但業界人 士瞭解可做無數修改與變化。意圖隨附之申請專利範圍涵 蓋落入本發明之精髓及範圍内之全郜此等修改與變化。 本紙張尺糾财目财縣(Tns ) A4im ( 210X2974^1 ) ---------袖衣------,π-----·.——-^ -.·· . (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -.12 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1〇) 10.. .探頭 12.. . 4總成 14…筒體 15.. .軟性土壤反應 16.. .配備儀器之頭 17.. .剛性土壤反應 18…單一筒體扭力筒形剪切 試驗系統 20…穿透筒體 22.. .軸向負載單元 24.. .橫向夾具 10a...下部 28.. .殼體 30.. .配備儀器之頭 32.. .接合處 32a…環 32b...環形溝 34.. .筒體拔出器桿 36.. .轴環 37.. •頭 38…座 40.. .腳 42…探頭筒體 元件標號對照 44.. .扭力負載單元 44a...有鍵端 44b...伸長部 46.. .上部件 47.. .壓合般合件 48.. .下部件 49.. .匹配偏位件 50.. .穿透緣 51.. .對正工具 52.. .柱塞 54.. .鑽總成 56.. .鑽孔桿 58.. .鑽柱塞 60.. .定向探頭/閥總成 62.. .殼體 64…開口 65.. .流體孔 66.. .鎖定楔 70.. .鑽孔桿 72.. .中空桿件 74··.端 76.. .塘孔 78.. .通道 II II 私衣 I I __ I I I n I 線 - * -' * (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度通用中國國家標卒（rNS ) Λ4規格（210X 297公嫠） -.13I's a stirrup drive (not shown). The torque is applied to the assembly equipped with the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 through the load unit 44, and then the rotation response of the assembly equipped with the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 is detected by the accelerometer 33. As shown in the figure, 'In the next stage, the probe cylinder 42 is pulled out from the test soil by penetrating the cylinder 20 (the second stage).' The probe is in the fully extended state (the third circle) in the first stage. The largest possible amount of the body 28 and the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 assembly separated from each other is denoted by C. At this stage, because the soil exerts resistance on the probe barrel 42, the barrel extractor rod 34 is under considerable tension. The tension does not pass through the torque load unit 44. In this way, the torque load unit 44 is protected from damage during the extraction phase (and the penetration of the probe barrel). As in the first stage (3rd circle), the probe is fully extended, the head 37 of the barrel extractor rod 34 is held on the collar 36 of the barrel extractor rod, and the foot 40 of the barrel extractor rod 34 Stomp foot seat 38. The tapered shape of the head 37 and the foot 40 of the barrel extractor rod 34 and the corresponding bearing surface facilitate the proper alignment between the housing 28 and the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 assembly. It is also possible that the opening and closing of the joint 32 between the housing 28 and the instrument head 30 / probe barrel 42 assembly can be monitored using a position measurement sensor, electric switch or axial load unit, and its measurement is along the probe's longitudinal axis. The internal force β is a shell. The area surrounding the probe can be pressurized. _ For example, it is valuable when the probe is immersed in water for testing. The internal pressure can reduce some of the large external fluid pressure, such as the adverse effect of large stresses in the thin-walled torsion load unit. As shown in Figure 7 of Level 7, the cylinder 42 has a slit 43 including the upper part 46. This paper is suitable for China National Standard < CNS > Λ4 Specification (210 × 297 mm) —------- Installation—— _ * --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) • 1Τ Line Economy Consumers Department屮 次 摞 绛 局 员 .τ- 潸 贽 Cooperative printed A7 B7 V. Invention description (7) " ~-The lower part 48 can be replaced, and the lower part has a penetrating series. The lower part was torn to the upper part 46 during the test. An example of an effective attachment method is to press the lower part material into the upper part 46. The alignment tool 51 is used to align the longitudinal slits 43 of the lower member 48 and the slits 43 of the upper member 46 during the press-fitting operation. Relative to each other. In use, if the penetrating edge 50 of the lower member 48 becomes excessively worn or damaged, it is simply pressed out by the upper member 46. The new lower part 48 is then pressed into the upper part to restore the cylinder to its original condition. Since the lower part is much cheaper and easier to replace than the entire barrel, the use of segmented barrels is cost effective. The lower part and the upper part have matching deflectors 49. v A variety of information can be used to indicate liquid pyridoxine resistance from the results of a single cylinder torsion cylinder shear test. For example, liquefaction resistance can be indicated by the maximum shear strain appearing in the test soil during a highly maneuverable test using a torsion cylinder impact shear test with a single end opening test cylinder. In the torsion cylinder impact shear test, as shown in Fig. 1, the test element is a cylinder with a single open end. The barrel is maneuvered by the torque impacting the load. The response is the rotation of the cylinder. The maximum shear strain occurring in the soil subjected to the test can be effectively inferred from the amount measured using this test. "Highly liquefiable soil shows a high maximum shear strain; soil resistant to liquefaction shows a low maximum shear strain, and can be moderately liquefied. The soil shows the maximum intermediate shear strain. For higher maneuvers, it is found that the torsional cylindrical impact shear test can induce maximum strain maximum in saturated loose silt sediments (eg, highly liquefiable) and minimum in clay-like sediments (eg, non-liquefiable). . The maximum value of the shear strain is usually part of the analytical simulation to estimate the shear modulus and related parameters. The largest paper size Tongzhou Chinese Illustrator (C'NS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm) --------- ^ ------ II ------ ^ .. · · (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page] -.10 Employees of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Tenth Decision-making Bureau of the Consumers Co., Ltd. printed A7 _ B7__ V. Description of the invention (8) Shear strain estimation can also be performed during the test Measured directly. In addition to replacing the maximum shear strain, the k-resistance can be indicated when using the maximum hydraulic pressure measurement that occurs in the test soil during the test. The torsional cylinder impact shear test provides a unique combination of characteristics. This combination is expected to lead to a wider The in situ method j used can indicate the liquefaction resistance in situ particularly accurately. First, the torsional cylinder impact shear test can apply reasonable tick shear stress to the test soil. Second, the stress has a reasonable high level of stress. Three 'Shear stress results in a reasonably pure shear strain. This combination of properties has its attractiveness. It is believed that liquefaction is mainly caused by shear load. Shear load is usually quite large'. The most common result is large shear strain. Although existing methods have their Importance, but there is no one way Such a combination of properties can reasonably and accurately indicate the liquefaction resistance in situ. For example, using a low strain method, important high strain factors such as relaxation shadows cannot be fully reflected in a shear test using a torsional cylinder. Refer to Figure 9, drill When the hole reaches a specific test depth for sampling and test work, the lower end of the drill assembly 54 can be plugged to prevent the soil below the drill assembly 54 from rising upward into the interior of the assembly. At the test depth, if the soil rises toward the drill, the soil (test Soil) will be disturbed. The test results do not reflect the expected characteristics of undisturbed soil. However, the conventional plunger 52 is still allowed to move when the plunger is ready for the test. The plunger 52 is mainly a solid cylinder, covering the Bored inside the drill. The plunger is removed from the drill assembly 54 by raising the drill rod 56 attached to the plug. During the initial movement of the plunger (indicated by d), the plunger and the soil below Extraction force appeared between A. The extraction force caused the soil below to move with the plunger as indicated by the arrow E, so the test soil moved up to the drill and became dry ^ Paper size㈣CNS Λ4 size (210X297 (Li) --------:--.11---------- Seed clothing ------ 1T ------. ^ (Please read the note on the back first ^^ Please fill in this page again.] Mian Manbu * * Staff of Standards Bureau eliminates cooperation. Printed by the agency A7 Β7 V. Description of invention (9) Disturbance. Now refer to Figure 10 and attach to the special modified drilling rod 70. The drill plunger 58 can reduce the extraction force that occurs between the drill plunger and the soil below during the plunger removal. The plunger is composed of two main components, the directional probe / valve assembly 60 and the housing 62, which can Separated by a predetermined amount. During drilling, when the directional probe / valve assembly 60 was closed by the pressure of the soil below (as shown in Fig. 10), the two components were blocked by the locking wedge 66 and could not rotate relative to each other with the longitudinal axis as the axis. The plunger plays a conventional role. The assembly 60 includes a T-shaped hollow rod 72 screwed to the end 74. The rod 72 is adapted to slide inside the bored hole 76. The channel 78 defines a through-bar 72. The facing surfaces of the assembly 60 and the casing 62 are matching wedge-shaped surfaces. After the drilling assembly drilled to the test depth, the plunger 58 was removed, but during the initial movement of the drilling rod 70, the upper part of the plunger was raised, as shown in Fig. N. This allows the valve to open 'to allow the drilling fluid F (located above the plunger of the cymbal assembly) to flow through the fluid hole 65 through the opening 64 to surround the directional probe / valve assembly 60 and into the soil below the directional probe / valve assembly 60. This reduces the extraction force acting on the underlying soil when the plunger is removed as is known. As a result, the tendency of the soil below the drill to rise when the plunger is removed can be reduced. By inhibiting the soil from rising towards the drill during removal of the plunger from the drill, interference with the test soil can be minimized. Results The single-torque torsion cylinder shear test (for example) more closely reflects the characteristics of undisturbed soil ^ Although the invention is illustrated with a limited number of specific examples, those in the industry understand that numerous modifications and changes can be made. The scope of the patent application, which is intended to be appended, covers all such modifications and changes that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. This paper ruler (Tns) A4im (210X2974 ^ 1) --------- Sleeve shirt ------, π ----- · .——- ^-. · · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) -.12 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1〇) 10... Probe 12.. 4 Assembly 14 ... Cylinder 15... Soft soil Reaction 16. Head equipped with instrument 17. Rigid soil reaction 18 ... Single cylinder torsion cylindrical shear test system 20 ... Penetrating cylinder 22. Axial load unit 24. Horizontal clamp 10a. .. Lower 28 .. Housing 30 .. Equipped with instrument head 32 .. Junction 32a ... Ring 32b ... Annular groove 34..Cylinder extractor lever 36..Shaft 37. • Head 38 ... Seat 40 ... Foot 42 ... Probe barrel element reference 44 ... Torque load unit 44a ... Key end 44b ... Extension 46 ... Upper part 47 ... Pressure General fitting 48 .. Lower part 49 .. Matching offset 50 .. Penetration edge 51 .. Alignment tool 52 .. Plunger 54 .. Drill assembly 56 .. Drill Hole rod 58 .. Drill plunger 60 .. Orientation probe / valve assembly 62 .. Housing 64 ... Opening 65 .. Fluid hole 66 .. Locking wedge 70 .. Drilling rod 72 .. Hollow rod 74 ... End 76 ... Pond hole 78 ...道 II II 私 衣 II __ III n I Line-*-'* (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (rNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 cm)-. 13