TW385413B - Method and apparatus for detecting MURA defects - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for locating blobs in an image, includes the steps of: forming a blob reference mask from the image, the blob reference mask including a portion indicating a portion of the image containing a first blob, if any, and forming a reference image from the image, the reference image corresponding to the image. The method also includes the steps of forming a modified image from the image by replacing the portion of the image containing the first blob, if any, with a portion of the reference image corresponding to the portion of the image, and locating a second blob in the image in response to the modified image.

Description

83. t4. ^ W V. Description of the invention ()

The same can be expected. Furthermore, embodiments having different levels of stages are to be expected. For example, stages 12 and 13 may be implemented before stages 10 and 1] t in the preferred embodiment. The disclosure here can provide enhanced detection of specific shortcomings with different levels of ownership stages. Furthermore, using different functions and modules can do more processing than described. Not only different weighting factors for different filters can be expected, but different disadvantages can be revealed as well as different techniques for positioning can be expected. The scope of patent application of the present invention can also be applied to applications such as cathode ray tube calibration and detection systems, semiconductor wafer detection and calibration systems, shield detection systems, network detection systems, convex lens detection, metal detection, Fabric inspection, surface particle detection, glass base detection, polarizer sheet detection (for transmitting digital, scratches, etc.), medical applications such as X-ray analysis (for detecting cancer, breast cancer), And other analogs. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. However, it is obvious that different amendments and changes can be achieved without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the patent application scope of the present invention. [Explanation of component symbols] ------------ -Clothing --------- Order --- I -----_ line ^^ (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page again) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, 400 Detectors, 410 LCD Monitors, Flat Panels, 430 Slideable Desktops, 440 Chain Frames, 450 Cameras, 68 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) (Mm) Printed by A7 B7____ of the Goods and Consumers Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics. 5. Description of the Invention (/) Background of the Invention The present invention relates to multiple types of methods and equipment for detecting image defects. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting shortcomings of different contrast levels on a base image. Typical bases include liquid crystal displays (LCDs), plasma displays, semiconductor wafers' textiles, wood, and the like. Flat panel liquid crystal displays (FPLCDs), plasma displays, and other types of displays continue to grow rapidly. Beta consumer items such as portable TVs, video recorders, notebook computers, handheld computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), engineering workstations, High-definition television (HDTV), watches, and others using similar displays. Based on the continuous demand for this display, the entire industry has invested a lot of capital investment to create production lines using the latest technology. However, despite such capital operations, the entire industry still relies primarily on human test operators to perform the final tests and the inspection of such bases. The test operator performs a visual inspection of each display to find its weaknesses and accepts or rejects the display based on operator insight. This test includes non-exclusive pixel-based disadvantages, such as invalid and area-based defects, such as areas where pixels on the display are brighter or darker than neighboring pixels. The quality and completeness of the inspection depends on the individual test operator ’training the test operator with a limited sample of monitors that are classified as pass or fail. As a result, the test results are very subjective, easy to make mistakes, and cannot be continuously and effectively controlled, regulated, and improved the quality of different manufacturing processes. In addition, subjective inspections have also led to the lack of extensive quality standards for the entire industry. The effective process monitoring of the display manufacturing cycle can only be performed by an automatic inspection machine._ 3 This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 × 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) Only the method of volume inspection of the device is possible. One example of the first automatic inspection machine was conceived by Photodynamics Limited (PDI), which is the assignee of this application. 1 FIG. 1 shows its role in the final inspection stage of a base such as a flat panel liquid crystal display manufacturing process 10. The flat panel liquid crystal display undergoes the first inspection from the small tissue completion 20, the flat inspection system 30, the module assembly 40, the second inspection through the flat inspection system 50, loading 60, and the upcoming inspection stage of the flat inspection system 70. The communication network 80 provides an interface between each inspection and process control station 90 of the flatbed inspection system. [Mura] "Mura" disadvantage is the contrast type of regional basis. When a group of pixels should be consistent, it is closer to each other. The pixels are bright or dark. Mura faults are also considered to be "Alluk" faults. In general, this contrast type fault is considered to be a $ bubble until they are classified as a Mura fault "(blobs ). The problems in many stages of the manufacturing stage will lead to the defects of the wooden pull on the display. In the case of flat-panel liquid crystal displays, this problem includes the wrong registration of the original or the gate line, _ pollutants between the layers of the display, heterogeneous liquid crystal display Layers, and other issues that will be described below. The Central Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Consumers ’Cooperative Cooperatives? Wood (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Different types of manufacturing problems usually result in different characteristics. Disadvantages of Mula. For example, in the case of flat-panel LCD monitors, the problem of the registration of the original line caused a vertical bar Λ on the display. Different types of manufacturing problems often lead to the disadvantages of Muglas with different contrast levels. In the case of flat-panel LCDs, the registration of the gate line leads to high contrast horizontal streaks on the display, and the heterogeneous liquid crystal display layer causes low contrast absorption. 4 This paper size applies to China's 01 standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 丨 0 '乂 297mm) Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs—Gong Xiaoxian Cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of invention 0) Type of tube. Typical Further descriptions of the characteristics of Mura's shortcomings and related manufacturing issues can be found in the file of May 22, 1996 丨 Application Serial No. 08 / 651,417 assigned to the assignee. Application No. 08 / 651,417 has been combined by related instructions for the overall purpose. Because a manufacturing problem will cause a certain type of Mura defect, the confirmation and elimination of this manufacturing problem will usually lead to a reduction of Mura defect in the subsequent process operation. However, it is often difficult to confirm the low-contrast Mura defect of the image when the high-contrast defect also appears at the same time. As a result, the false positive or negative confirmation of the Mura defect is usually wrong. It will lead to misidentification of original or defective reasons. Β Improving the technology and equipment for detecting the shortcomings of Mugla is an urgent need for me ^ Summary of the Invention The present invention discloses a method and equipment for detecting bubbles on a base image. In a preferred embodiment, a method for positioning a bubble on an image includes the step of forming a bubble reference shield from the image. The 'bubble reference shield contains a portion showing the image containing the first bubble, showing the containment A part of the image of the first bubble, and a reference image is formed from this image. The reference image corresponding to the image. This method also includes a correction from the image by replacing the part of the image that contains the first bubble. The step of the post-image, if any, is accompanied by the reference image portion corresponding to the image portion 'and the placement of the first bubble corresponding to the image of the corrected image. According to another embodiment, a system-type computer product includes a plurality of processors for placing bubbles in the image, and each of the plurality of processors may be loaded with more than one group of processors. Reference cover The readable computer memory used to guide the bar code of the first group of processors. The shape of the paper is 5 '. This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specifications (210X297 cm). (Please read the (Please fill in this page for more details) ΙΦ-.

V. Description of the invention u) The object reference shield contains a part showing the image containing the first bubble, a part showing the image containing the first bubble, and the bar code guides the second group of processors. In order to form a reference image from the image, corresponding to the reference image of the image, the bar code guides the third group of processors to form a corrected image from the image by replacing the image portion containing the first bubble. If it is, the reference image part corresponding to the image part is accompanied, and the bar code guides the processor of the fourth group to place the second bubble on the image corresponding to the corrected image. '' However, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a system for placing a bubble on an image includes an image shield unit of a bubble reference shield generated from the image. 'The bubble reference shield contains a display containing the first bubble The part of the image of the object, if any, and the reference unit from which the reference image is formed, corresponding to the reference image of the image. This system also includes a correction unit that forms a corrected image from the image by replacing the portion that contains the first bubble image, if any, with a reference image portion corresponding to the image portion, and placing a second The image of the bubble corresponding to the corrected image β Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs --------- 0 ^-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page ·) * τι Further understanding of the advantages and features of the present invention can be understood from the following related detailed description and drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows its role during the final test phase of the flat panel LCD manufacturing process. ^ Figure 2 describes the disadvantages of a typical wire pull. Figure 3 depicts typical regional mules disadvantages. FIG. 4A is a simplified description of an embodiment of the detection device of the present invention. 6 This paper scale is applicable to China's standard of household mark (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 丨 〇 X 297 public funds) Printed by A7 B7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (female) Figure 4B is about this paper Block diagram of an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 5A illustrates a block diagram of the Mura detection structure. Figure 5B depicts a block diagram of the Mura detection structure in more detail with respect to the present invention. FIG. 6 depicts a simplified flowchart of a method for detecting a mula according to the present invention. FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment of an initial block diagram. Figures 8a and 8b are simplified flowcharts of the initial block operation. Figure 9a depicts a block diagram of a typical block segmenting module in accordance with the present invention. Figure 9b is a simplified flowchart of the operation of a typical module. FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of a segmented block-type typical module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 depicts the process of removing the blister from the first compartment shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a simplified flowchart of typical module operation. FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of a partition block typical module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 illustrates the process of removing the blister from the second compartment shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 is a simplified flowchart of typical module operation. FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of a partition block typical module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17a illustrates a block diagram of a Sobel module within a module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17b depicts an example of the present invention from the third partition shield. 7 This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNS> A4 size (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page).

Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Procurement, Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (Hand) The process of removing the bubble. Figures 18a and 18b are block diagrams of the classic __works_ tilt chart β 1 «19___: _ a lion face mask module. Figure 20 describes the process of removing the blister from the second shield in the hair bun embodiment. Fig. 21 is a flowchart of noodle brewing_shenxiong. Fig. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a typical block-type module for partitioning an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 describes the process of removing the blister from the 5th partition shield in the present embodiment. Figure 24 is a simplified flowchart of a typical module operation. FIG. 25 illustrates a block diagram of a typical segmented block module according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 26 illustrates a process of removing a bubble from a sixth partition shield in an embodiment of the present invention ◊ FIG. 27 is Simplified Flowchart of Module Operation ^ FIG. 28 illustrates a block diagram of a block-type typical module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 29 illustrates the process of removing the blister from the seventh compartment shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 30 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module. Figure 31 depicts a block diagram of a segmented block typical module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This paper ruler Cai Guan Jiaxian (⑽) Λ Grid (2 丨 0X 297 public goods) (锖 Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)

Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (7) Figure 32 describes the process of removing the blister from the eighth partition shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 33 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module. Fig. 34 depicts a block diagram β of a segmented block-type typical module related to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 35 depicts a process of removing a bubble from a ninth compartment shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 36 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the first part of the module. Figure 37 depicts a block diagram of the second part of the module. Figure 38 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the second part of the module. Figure 39 depicts a block diagram of a partition block typical module according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 40 describes the process of removing bubbles from the tenth partition shield according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 41 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module. Figure 42 depicts a block diagram of a segmented block typical module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 43 describes the process of removing the blister from the tenth-segment shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 44 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of a typical module β. Fig. 45 is a block diagram illustrating a block-type typical module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 46 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of a module. Figure 47 depicts 9 pieces of typical block modules of the present invention—Examples. This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 grid (210X 297 mm). (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page. ) Order · A7 B7 printed by the staff of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs _____------------- 5. Description of the invention U) Block diagram. Figure 48 depicts the process of blistering from the twelfth compartment shield in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 49 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module. Fig. 50 depicts the process of the bubble described from the thirteenth partition shield in the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 51 depicts a block diagram of a typical block-like module of the partition according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 52 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module. Fig. 53 is a diagram for describing the process of blistering from the fourteenth partition shield according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 54 depicts a block diagram of a partition block typical module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 55 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module. Fig. 56 depicts the process of the present invention-the bubble described from the fifteenth compartment shield in the embodiment β Fig. 57a-p depicts an example of the present invention ° Description of a specific embodiment | Possess the general definition of β Α Taiqiao. Disadvantages: Example Wang 101¾ The Mura defect is defined as a different or abnormal lighting area (pixels on the base) from the vicinity of the defect. It is also defined as a pattern with inconsistent brightness. (BNU). Generally speaking, the brightness of the pattern is not normal (BNU) can be from the normal position of the base, 10 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page), v'e This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) 210X297 mm) The Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Consumers' Cooperatives, A7 and B7 V. Description of the image () The image acquisition component is measured and has a very low contrast. The substrate area usually contains pixels that are brighter or darker in the neighboring areas, and are classified as Mura defects when certain comparison limits are set, thus reaching or exceeding the pattern brightness inconsistency (BNU). The boundaries of Mura's faults are not necessarily well defined even within Mura's faults. Furthermore, the pattern brightness inconsistencies (BNU) within Mura's disadvantages may not be similar. In contrast, a pixel defect is defined as an illumination point that is higher or lower than the neighboring pixels of an individual pixel. Pixel disadvantages can include individual pixels, clustered pixels, or pixel line isolation that is particularly noticeable when visually inspected. The unique appearance, size, shape, and contrast of Mura's faults can facilitate the detection of Mura's faults. Typical of the two Mura stages, the shortcomings of Mura and regional Mura are shown in Figures 2 and 3 and described below. 1. Disadvantages of wire mules Figure 2 describes the disadvantages of typical wire mules. The disadvantages of wire-mura are defined as lighting that is different from adjacent narrow or curved strips. In other words, compared to the pixels around the defect point of the line tree, the pixels that constitute the defect of the line tree have abnormal pixels. This disadvantage can be initial and final anywhere in the base and can span the entire base length. The shortcomings of wire-mura can be categorized by the length and width of the strip and the angle of appearance. The typical situation is that the length to width ratio of this defect exceeds 200. Below are some types of thread Mura disadvantages classified according to shape, size, and position. List the typical manufacturing methods that cause these disadvantages. a) Wipe thread puller, "Sipper type wire puller" i) Isolate the thin, short or long wire at any wiping angle in the plate. H) Broad-short or long-line isolation as described above. 11 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bei Gongzai Cooperative Α7 Β7 V. Invention Note (/.) Note: These two types of wiping line pull may occur individually or in groups and are related to the adjustment layer wiping method caused by imperfections in the surface of the mechanical roller used in the wiping method. b) Irregular wire pulls The arcs and L-shaped lines appearing anywhere in the plate are isolated. Note: Irregular wire mules are usually caused by particulates or fiber contamination trapped between the polarizer and glass through the cleaning process residue or adjustment layer wiping method. c) The block boundary line pulls across the length of the flat drive block and is thin or long parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the plate. Note: The block boundary line pulls are usually caused by improper drive block voltages. 2. The disadvantages of regional pulls are shown in Figure 3. The regional Mura disadvantages. Regional Mura faults are defined as distinct from a nearby group of lighting (pixels on the base). In other words, compared with the pixels around the defects of the regional Mura, the pixels constituting the defects of the regional Mura have abnormal pixels. The size of the area Mura's disadvantages ranges from the nearly 6-pixel diameter of the point Mura to about 25% of the flat panel display area. Below are some types of regional Mura faults classified by shape, size, and location. List the typical manufacturing methods that cause these disadvantages. a) Point Mula i) Ellipse-shaped points, the proportion of the ellipse can be from circular to almost straight. Note: The oval shape stain Mura is usually changed by the cell gap or the space ball Read the notes on the back and fill in this page), ιτ Λ7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. The invention description (caused by u clusters) ϋ) Cluster points, circular Note: Cluster pollution is usually established by B) The sacral cymbal pull i) located in the sampan port due to the electrostatic charge of the space sphere ii) The multiple lines curved from the sacral sampan. Note: The two types of 塡 charge port are usually caused by the contamination of liquid crystal materials. c) Flat cypress i) Located near the entire perimeter of the active area of the slab Note: The slab edging is usually caused by the leakage of the area of the epoxy board material where the polarizer is changed or cannot be repaired. d) Irregularly shaped Mura i) Wave bending range from small thick type to more regular L shape. Note: Irregularly shaped mules are usually caused by particles or fiber contaminants trapped between the polarizer and glass through the residue of the cleaning process or the wiping method of the adjustment layer. B. Image Vortex Operation The following is a brief summary of the operation of a known image process that is typically implemented on a pixel basis on a pixel basis and is used in embodiments of the present invention. Typically, the functions described below may be non-directional, such as square, or directional, such as horizontal. Therefore, for example, the vertical Sobel filter can strengthen the edges in the vertical direction, and the horizontal smoothing function can reduce the edges in the vertical direction β 13 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page}-, 11 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 × 297 mm) A7 137 V. Description of the invention ((2 A typical function can be used as a gray scale or binary (Bollinger) image. AND-AND function can be provided in two upcoming Oncoming binary images are pixel-by-pixel-based on the Bollinger AND lotus effect to produce the output image. Gaussian Derivatives-A typical Gaussian derivative filter is used to enhance the edges. A typical Gaussian derivative kernel coils around the image in order to perform this filtering "A typical column or row of the Gaussian filter derivative of a typical 7x7 component, as follows: {1, 4, 3, 0, -3, -4, -1} The difference-difference function The second upcoming image minus the first upcoming image to create a signal difference image. Core · Core is a typical chirped array coiled around the image in order to implement different functions. The core can be formed Square, rectangle, linear, etc. Such as Sobel filter, smoothing filter, sharp filter, etc. can be implemented according to the core, β size-size (Mag) function and absolute 値 function, etc. This function removes or ignores The pixel unit function becomes the pixel unit. The seal of the Peugeot Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). The MAX-MAX function can restore the maximum pixel unit from a special area near the pixel. The new 値 β ΜΝΝ-ΜΙΝ function, which is regarded as a special pixel, can restore the smallest pixel 从 from the area near the special pixel, and it is regarded as a new 値 for the special pixel. Blur onset-Typical onset is used to remove the image In order to implement the gray-scale or second-order starting function, the typical MIN function is implemented on the image. Then the MAX function is implemented on the image. Blur termination-the typical termination is used to connect adjacent bright points on the image. The paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS), M Grid (210 × 7 M7), printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, A 7 'B7 5. The description of the invention (β) is Implement a gray-scale or second-order start function, a typical MAX function is implemented on the image. Then a MIN function is implemented on the image. The OR-OR function provides pixel-based Bollinger between two upcoming images on a pixel basis. OR operands are used to produce the output image. Smoothing-A typical smoothing operand is used to reduce high frequencies from the image. To implement the smoothing operand, the 'smoothing core' is typically wrapped around the image. For a typical 3x3 Form the component, the typical factor of the smoothing filter under the order factor 1/9 is as follows {U, U, U, U, Ue

Sobel operands-Sobel operands or filters are typically used for edge enhancement. To implement the Sobel operator, the Sobel core is typically wrapped around the image. For a typical 3x3 forming module, the typical 値 of a vertical sobel furnace is {-1/4, -1/2, -1 / 4,0,0,0,1M, 1 / 2,1M}. The sum-and-sum function adds the first upcoming image to the second upcoming image on a pixel basis on a pixel basis to produce a summation image. The β-threshold-critical typically produces a second-order output image corresponding to a grayscale input image. In order to implement the critical function, the threshold is determined first. This threshold may be user-defined, or it may be defined by the result of another function. Second-order images are typically the largest or smallest pixels. For example, for 8-bit images, high "pixels are set at a density of 255 and" "Low" pixels are set at a density of 0. This threshold may be positive or negative. For example, for a 12-bit signal image, the threshold may be 125, -300.-150, etc. The XOR-XOR function is here There are two uses. In the second-order case, the XOR function provides the traditional Bollinger XOR function corresponding to the pixel-based upcoming pixel. For example, if both upcoming images are __. _15___ —__- — This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 丨 0X297 public inspection) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Printed by the Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Coconut Consumer Cooperative, is a sample of Bao Shi Chou 16 of the detection device 400 according to the present invention. Ft A7 137 5. Description of the invention () is high or low, output It is low, and if the two upcoming images are high or low, respectively, the output is rampant. In the grayscale case, the XOR function is used as a pixel-based output selector on the upcoming pixel. For example, suppose the inputs to the gray level XOR function are images 1, 2, and 3, and the output is 4. Image 3 is typically a second-order reference image, while the other images are gray-scale images. For example, 'the pixel area corresponding to image 3 is high, and the pixels in image 4 are equally set in image 1. Furthermore, the area corresponding to the pixels in image 3 is low, and the pixels in image 4 are equally set in image 2. An example of the gray-scale XOR function can be seen in FIG. As shown in the figure, Ε2 and BS9S0 are input images, R1 115〇 is a second-order image, and KK2 U60 is a result image. In this example, if the area of the R1 1150 image is high, the corresponding pixels of the K2 1560 image and E2 are equal, and if the area of the R1 150 image is low, the corresponding pixels of the K2 1560 image and BS980 are equal. . Another example of the gray-scale XOR function can be found in Figure 57 \ 578,571 ^, and 5 < 7M in 6 In this example, Figures 5 &7; 7A and 5 & 7B input images, Figure 5 is a second-order image, and 57M is the result image. As shown in the figure, if Fig. 57l is bright and the effective height is the same as Fig. 57A. If the area of Fig. 57L is dark and the effective is low, then Fig. 57M is the same. … Phase II Litong Vertical and Round Diagram (锖 Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page)

This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 gong). Printed by the shelling consumer cooperation of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Λ7 B7___ ___ 5. Description of the invention (σ) graphics. It is preferred that the machine embodiment of the present invention is not available from Photodynamics Limited (PDI). This detection device includes a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display panel 410. The liquid crystal display panel 410 is placed on a slidable table top 430, and the chain frame 440 is brought down to ensure that the display panel is in place. This slidable table top 430 allows a liquid crystal display panel to be placed on an x-y plane under a camera 450 such as a CCD type camera. The slidable table top 430 also allows the LCD panel to move relative to the camera. On the other hand, the camera is placed on the x-y plane to move the camera corresponding to the flat panel of the liquid crystal display. Flexible ribbon-type wires supply driving signals from the plane of the pixel driving circuit in the test system to the conductors on the chain frame 440. Preferably, the camera 450 is a high-resolution camera and is covered by the upper body 46 of the detection device. The monitor 470, computer 480, and keyboard 490 are also shown in the figure. This detection device also includes numerous color filters among other features. In the U.S., such as application serial number 08 / 394,668 (Docket Lawyer No. 14116 · 35_2), it is hereby incorporated by relevant specifications for the purpose of the whole. Flat panel display (FPD) contains regular light-emitting area types surrounded by photoresistive boundaries. Β-light-emitting areas are located by electrons and are often referred to as voxels < voxels from each other are typically divided into two to form two The dimension interval type CCD camera has a structure similar to a flat panel display. The light in each camera responds to the light emitted by the transformed electronic signal (generated by voltage) and the light that hits the camera is in a certain ratio. Camera pixels typically contain boundaries that do not respond to light. Each element is equally divided from each other and simultaneously forms a two-dimensional interregional type. The type of pixel formation defines the discontinuity of the pixel that strikes the CCD camera. ______ 17 ^ ___ This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 × 297 cm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). 1,1T printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 _________B7 5. Description of the invention (it) Sample points of optical density. FIG. 4B is a block diagram of a system 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system 500 includes a monitor 510 ', a computer 520, a keyboard 530, a point element, an image detector 54 and a positioning element 550. The computer 520 contains similar computer components such as a processor 560, and memory storage elements such as random access memory (RAM) 570, a disk drive 580, and a system bus 590 interconnecting these components. A network interface element (not shown here) may be coupled to the system bus 590 to provide the system 500 for network access. Processor ^ 60 contains a specialized image processing hardware processor. Mouse, trackball, and drawing tablet are examples of point components. RAM57 and disk drive 580 are examples of tangible media that store data and computer programs. Examples of other tangible media include floppy disks, removable hard disks, semiconductor memory such as flash memory, and read-only memory. (ROMS), special application integrated circuits (ASICs), battery-backed volatile memory, and other similar beta system buses can be Programmable Communication Interface (PCI) buses, VME buses, or other similar β As mentioned above, the positioning element 550 enables the user to position the image detector 540 on the base. Typical image detectors include CCD cameras, line scan cameras, and the like. In the above preferred embodiment, the image detector 54 is a Kodak 2K × 2K 10-bit CCD array camera that acquires a flat panel liquid crystal display (FPLCD) image. In an embodiment, the system 500 includes a Sun SparcStation computer running the Solaris operating system of Sun Microsystems, Inc., and proprietary software from Photodynamics Limited (PDI). 18 7 paper ruler applicable to China National Standard (CNS) 8 4 specifications (210X297 male t) '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (Π) In another embodiment, the system 500 includes a Sun Ultra Computer and Photodynamics Co., Ltd. (PDI) operating a Solaris operating system including a Sun Microsystem Co., Ltd. Max PCI image data accelerator board from Datacube. ) Assets and software. Figure 4B is a representative of one type of system implemented in accordance with the present invention. One of the general techniques in this prior art is clearly readable and its many system types and neighbours are suitable for the use of the present invention. III Detailed Embodiment Α Vertical Fig. 5a depicts a block diagram of a mura detection structure. Figure 5a includes an initialization block 600, a sequence-enhancing threshold block (block block) 61, and a blister and shape analysis block 620. Fig. 5b is a more detailed block diagram of a mula detection structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the initializing block 600 provides attention regions (ROIs) 630 to the segmentation block 610. The partitioning block 610 is then coupled to the bubble analysis block 62 to communicate with the image 640 between the partitioning block 610 and the bubble analysis block 620. Preferably, the partition block 610 encapsulates a large number of processing modules 650-790. Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Figure 6 is a simplified flowchart of a method for detecting Mula according to the present invention. Figure 6 contains steps 800-860 regarding the convenience of Figure 5B. In operation, the detected base image is initially obtained in step 800. In the embodiment, it can be obtained by using an on-line processing method using any of the conventional image combining elements or image detectors. image. On the other hand, in another embodiment, the image can be processed from tangible media, from other images, 19 scales, using the Chinese National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 public inspection) A7 A7 Staff of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Cooperative printed 5. Invention description (β) The output produced by the hardware machine or software module, or the result of the iterative process of the previous image processing as described below. In the embodiment of the present invention, the obtained image is approximately 2K × 2K × 10 bits. Preferably, the obtained image can form a sub-sample similar to IK × IK to enhance the processing speed. Initially, the blocking block 600 determines the attention area 630 generated from the image and passes through the image to the partitioning block 610, step 810. The partition block 610 determines the first group of bubbles, if any, regarding the image with the "bubble reference shield" and the attention area 630, step 820. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the segmentation block 610 starts to operate by detecting bubbles in the high-contrast image β. Then, the bubble analysis block 620 determines the defects in the bubble reference shield and Create a defect report, step 830. Regarding this disadvantage, the segmented block 610 forms a corrected image. Step 840. As described below, the segmented block 610 forms a corrected image which is an approximate representative of the defect image not found in step 830. The segmentation block 610 then determines the next group of bubbles formed from the corrected image and the attention area 630 in the form of a bubble reference shield, step 850. In a preferred embodiment, in this step, the segmentation block 610 detects bubbles in a contrasted image that is lower than the previous detection step, such as step 820. Next, the bubble analysis block 620 determines the defect in the new bubble reference shield and creates a defect report, step 860. This process is then repeated several times in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is better to use different contrast thresholds for each successive bubble detection step. In another embodiment of the present invention, the decision step of the correction image 820 is determined by __20___ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) (Read the precautions on the back of the poem before filling this page)

Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives A 7 B7______ 5. The description of the invention () has a type of characteristic foam, such as a diagonal foam and the step 850 decision step determines the other foam Types such as vertical block bubbles. A more detailed flowchart is described below. In the embodiment of the present invention, if no vesicles are detected in step 820, the procedure continues through step 830 and only for convenience sake to step 840. The modified image in the case of step 840 will appear substantially similar to the original image. In another embodiment, for example, 'if no blister% is determined in step 820, the image obtained in step 800 is guided to step 840 or to step d850. Β Initialized Yangdi Figure 7 depicts a square pattern of the initial palladium block 900 in the embodiment. Initially, the blocking block 900 includes a base block 910, a region of attention (ROI) generating a blocking block 920, a shield generator 930, and a processing module 940. The attention area generating block includes different attention areas (RoIs) 950. The shield generator 930 includes a shield R1960. The processing module 940 provides an extraction image L970, a first reference image 98o, and a second reference image 990. The base placement block 910 determines to acquire a substantial part of the image to implement a process of enhancing the processing speed. Next, on the basis of acquiring the image part, the attention area (ROI) generating block 920 determines different attention areas (ROIs) 950. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, different attention areas (ROIs) 950 are determined by It is easy to make a bubble to obtain an image. Typically, the user knows the main information about the characteristics of a typical defect, for example, where a certain defect is typically located and what a certain defect looks like. Therefore, after finding or dealing with 21 paper standards that apply to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 public inspection) _________-- «(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order an employee's consumption by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Cooperative cooperatives A7 B7 V. Description of the invention) The bubble in the special area where defects are most likely to gather, the user can reduce the required processing time. Therefore, different attention areas (ROIs) 950 are gathered and formed by the base placement block 910 for use in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In response to the portion of the image obtained by placing the block 910 on the base, the cover generator 930 determines the liquid crystal display (LCD) cover IL960 which is used to cover the unobserved portion of the image. In response to the acquisition of the image and the placement of the block 910, the processing group 940 implements the inadequate processing to obtain the extracted image L970, the first reference image 980, and the second reference image 990. Figures 8a and 8b are the initial operation of the block 900 Simplified! Flow chart. FIG. 8 includes steps 10000-104, which is related to the convenience of FIG. Initially, the base placement block 910 determines the proper annotation of the portion of the image that should be processed, step 1000. Typically, the images acquired by a liquid crystal display will not only include the liquid crystal display, but also a small border around the liquid crystal display. This “overscan” boundary should be ignored when Yin Shi continues processing, so only a part of the acquired image is processed. This overscanning is typically implemented to suppress the non-linear effects of scanning edges such as images and optics. In another embodiment of the present invention, the acquired image can be previously processed to eliminate any over-scanning boundary, so the base placement block 910 or step 1000 is not included therein. In the embodiment, a base placement block 910 is included, and the cover generator 930 determines the cover RL960 of the liquid crystal display to facilitate the continuous processing step + removable cover boundary area, step 1010. Next, different areas of attention (ROIs) 950 are noted areas (ROI) 22 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

This paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CNS > Λ4 specification (210X297 mm), printed by A7 H7, Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (> 丨) The resistance block 920 is determined to facilitate continuous processing. It becomes more convenient, step 1020. In the embodiment of the present invention, the different attention areas (ROIs) 950 described in FIG. 7 include the attention area (ROL). The attention area removes the LCD display part of the image, and the attention area (ROIr), the attention area can be removed to cover the image boundary and the image horizontal and vertical block area, the attention area (ROb), the attention area can be removed except for the image vertical block area, the cover image (ROIq), attention Except for the image horizontal block area, the cover can be removed and the attention area (ROU) can be removed to cover the image boundary. The large number of R and the small number of attention areas can be determined by the specific embodiment. The different attention regions (RoIs) 950 are determined in advance. Furthermore, in another embodiment of the present invention, processing can occur in the entire image, so the attention region (ROI) production The bio-resistance block 920 or step 1020 are not included in it. The processing module 940 can process the acquired image from the same or different time in the above steps. Preferably, the extracted image L970 is formed, step 1030, first The reference image 980 is determined, step 1040, and the second reference image 990 is determined, step 1050. Figure 8b depicts step 1040 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, including steps 1060-1080. The response extraction image L970, gray The stage start blurring operand is implemented on the extracted image L970, step 1060. As shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable that the 11x11 core is used for the starting MIN part and the 11x11 core is used for the starting MAX part. Next As shown in Figure 7, it is preferable that the 11x11 core is used for the MAX part of the end and the 11x11 core is used for the MIN part of the end. However ____ 23______ This paper standard applies to Chinese national standard (CNS> Λ4 present)格 Ul〇X29V > t) '" " (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Ordering line !! Printed A7 _B7 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. After the description of the invention (public), Smoothing function is It is decided to form the first reference image 980 and the second reference image 990, and step 1080. Other methods, techniques, and processing steps are used to calculate the first reference image 980 and the second reference image 990 from the extracted image L970. It is foreseeable and expected to be used in another embodiment of the present invention. The above steps can be implemented entirely within a software module, or better yet, a combination of a specialized hardware processing module and a software processing module. C Segmentation Yang. Di (and bubble analysis block 0 longitudinal glance) FIG. 9a depicts a block diagram of a typical module 1081 in the partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9a typically includes a defect enhancement module 1082, a quantity module 1085, a threshold 1086, a Bollinger blur filter 1087, a bubble discarding module 1088, a Bollinger expander 1089, a Bollinger XOR module 1090, and Bullin AND module 1091. The input into module 1081 includes the extracted image L970, the first reference image 980, the bubble reference shield (if any, from the previous word) 1092, and the attention area (R〇IP) 1093 'Attention area ( ROI1) 960 The output from module 1081 contains a new blister reference shield 1094. The module 1081 is typically used as a reference for determining the foam corresponding to the different choices of the user's pull and for creating a new foam reference shield 1094. FIG. 9b is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 1081. FIG. 9b includes steps 1095-1105, which are related to the convenience of the embodiment of FIG. 9a. Initially, the extracted image L970 was enhanced to bring out specific faults for analysis and to form enhanced images (EO, step 1095 »For example, '24_.. (谙 Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order ： Xin • line paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) Printed by 1g A7 ___ B7 of Beige Consumer Cooperatives, Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (θ) When the detected bubble corresponds ( The vertical defects) s-line Mura defects, horizontal bubbles are suppressed by the image. Next, the corrected image (KP) is formed in response to the grayscale image replacement and enhanced image (Eρ) of the first reference image 980 (Bs). Use the bubble to refer to the shield 1092, step 1096. This grayscale substitution is also resorted to the grayscale XOR function of this file and implemented with the grayscale substitution module 1083. As discussed in the introduction to the vocabulary, the grayscale The pixels in the corrected image (Kρ) are taken out by the enhanced image (Eρ) or the first reference image 980. Because of the enhanced image (EP), the first reference image 980, and the bubble Reference shield 1092 Typically the same pixel solution, each pixel in the bubble reference shield 1092 corresponds to an individual pixel in the enhanced image (Eρ) and an individual pixel in the first reference image 980. Furthermore, in the first reference image The pixels in 980 are typically on or off, or black or white, etc., corresponding to whether the bubble was previously indicated or not. The pixels 値 in the first reference image 980 are used to select the corrected image (Kρ). Source. For example, when the pixels located at (250,250) in the first reference image 980 are high, the pixels 位于 located in the corrected image (KP) (250,250) are set and located in the enhanced image (E0 (250,250) The pixels 値 in the same image are the same. ”Furthermore, when the pixels at (1024,3) in the bubble reference shield 1092 are low, the pixels 位于 in the corrected image (K0 (1024,3 >) are set to be the same as The first reference image 980 (1024,3 pixels) is the same. In short, in the preferred embodiment, the modified image (Kι >) is composed of only the part of the bubble in the bubble reference shield 1092. Enhance the formation of the image (Ερ). In the part where the bubble exists, correct the image The image (Κρ) is from the first reference shadow __ 25 ______ This paper wave scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 appears (210X20) Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page.) Order-Sticks Consumers Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed A7 B7 V. Invention Description (Xu) Formed as the corresponding part of 980. A specific example of the above process will be The following section describes β. In the first restatement in this embodiment, "previous bubble" or bubble reference shield 1092 is not defined, so step 1096 is skipped. Then, in the preferred embodiment, the modified image (Kρ) in the conventional pixels is subtracted from the first reference image 980 by the pixel method of using the subtracting module 1084 to illuminate the remaining bubbles, step 1097. Because the result of the subtraction can be signaled, the quantity module 1085 removes any signal, step 1098. In a typical embodiment, both light and dark bubbles are determined at the same time. In another embodiment, step 1098 may be eliminated and the signal data is saved. Next, the image (Αρ) is typically binarized using a user-defined threshold, step 1099. The threshold of the threshold 1086 can be adjusted according to the type and brightness of the detected bubble. Typically, the threshold image (Τρ) is then passed through a Bollinger blur filter 1087 to eliminate bubbles or add bubbles, step 110. Next, the bubble discard module 1088 typically will never satisfy the bubbles At this stage, the standard image (Pρ) is removed, step 1102. For example, when deciding on the bubble corresponding to the (horizontal) G-Mura defect, the bubbles appearing in a diagonal or vertical appearance are imaged (PP) inhibition. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the bubble discard module 1088 adds or "expands" bubbles based on the basic knowledge of typical bubble appearance. This image is called the P-th isolation shield. Then the Bollinger expansion function is implemented on the image (PO to connect the individual bubbles that should be connected, preferably again based on the typical bubble appearance 26 (please first (Read the notes on the back and fill out this page) i.

IT

This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X29h > D A7 B7_____ V. The basis of the main knowledge of the invention description (β), step nos 〇 This image is called the p-th modified isolation shield (Mp). By implementing the logical XOR between the pixels in the P-correction shield (Mp) and the cover I960 of the LCD monitor, the bubble reference shield at this stage is formed (Ra), step 1104 »Bubble The reference shield R. is typically a binary image. For example, black represents the bubble at this stage, and white represents the male stage β. So the P-th bubble reference shield (ROIP) is (previously) bubble-like. The combination of the object reference shield (Pρ.ι) 1092 (if possible) and the bubble reference shield at this stage (R.) is formed, step 1105. The first step in this embodiment is In the description, "previous bubble" is not defined, so step 1105 is skipped. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the above steps may include a series of steps. Furthermore, not all of the above steps are necessary Implemented, and even further, without the amounts listed above Steps can be implemented in different phases. Ministry of Economic Affairs Bureau of Standards HIGHLAND consumer cooperatives printed poly (Please read the Notes on the back to fill out this page)

In the following detailed description, this order will be described in the following paragraphs, and the final stage will follow this order 1. For example, in stage 6, R5 is referred to as the fifth bubble reference shield And K6 is referred to as the sixth corrected image. In another example, in stage 10, R9 is referred to as the ninth bubble reference shield, and Ka. It is said that the tenth modified image, even if there is no sixth bubble reference shield, the seventh modified image, the seventh bubble reference shield, or the eighth repaired image, and so on. The above steps can be fully implemented in a software module or, more preferably, a combination of a specialized hardware processing module and a software processing module. _ 27 The paper size is common to the Chinese country; f ^ ~ (CNS) Λ4 specification (] 10 × 297 mm) — printed by the consumer cooperation of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 ____; ___B7___ — V. Description of the invention (4) Alternatively, it is preferred that the same modules are used in successive stages. For example, it is preferable that the reduction module 1084 be thrown away to implement different functions such as Figs. 10, 13, 19 and the like. The order used in the following, even if it corresponds to the embodiment of the present invention, does not limit the order of the stages implemented in another embodiment of the present invention. The reordering of the phase sequence and / or phase omission may be expected in another embodiment of the invention. Disadvantages of S-line Taiqiao Figure 10 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 1100 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of group 1100 includes the extracted image L970, the attention area (ROIE) 'liquid crystal display (LCD) cover IU960, the first reference image Bs980 ° module 1100 contains the first The processing module β module 1110 of a blister reference shield 1150 is typically used to determine the blister corresponding to the defect of the source line (s line) type Mugla. Module 1110 forms a set of first compartment shields 114o that meet a certain blister criterion such as contrast. Module 1110 also typically decides that the bubbles in the first-segment shield U40 are the bubbles that represent the missing points of the source line and the bubbles that do not represent this disadvantage. Modified the first partition shield 1120 is formed by the bubble of the fault of Wuyuan line wood pull. FIG. 11 illustrates an appropriate procedure for discarding a bubble from the first partition shield 1140 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 illustrates the bubbles in the first partition shield 1140 according to an embodiment. If the bubbles are larger than the heart, all the bubbles are discarded from the first partition shield 1140. Furthermore, it ’s better that the square Bollinger expansion function is applied and revised ___ 28 This scale is suitable for financial and family standards) Λ4 specifications (-2-5:: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Λ7 _________ H7 V. Description of the Invention (β) A partition shield 1120 was formed. Next, the bubbles in the modified first partition shield U20 are generated vertically and have a height that is higher than the pixels and a width wider than \ ^ pixels. They are classified as corresponding S-line wood pulls. Disadvantages of blistering. Bubbles that do not meet the criteria are discarded.値 can be determined by one of the common techniques in the conventional technology disclosed in the present patent book through ordinary experiments. Because when the S-line like the vertical stripe has the disadvantage of operating the highly solid part of the image, if the line is “diminished” by half, the bubbles at the operating image height are used to replace the existing bubbles. Case Part IV and Figures 57C and 57D will discuss this narrative. "Figure 12 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of module 1110. FIG. 12 includes steps 1300-1390 related to the convenience of the embodiment of FIG. Initially, in response to the extracted image L970, the vertical grayscale threshold and vertical grayscale termination are implemented on the image (L), step 1300. As shown in the figure, this is typically implemented using the listed core sizes, such as following a 1x7 vertical grayscale threshold after the 7x1 vertical grayscale termination. The image (G) then passes through a vertical smoothing filter. The typical core size in step 1310 is 1x7, as shown in the figure. The smoothed image (Ei) is then extracted from the first reference image Bs980 on a pixel basis on a pixel basis, step 1320, and then the absolute value of each pixel is determined, step 1330. Then a threshold absolute image (AJ is used Binarization, step 1340. It is preferred that the absolute image (A〇 threshold only occur in the ROI defined by the ROIe. Because ROIE includes the attention area except the boundary area, the threshold occurs within the boundary of the absolute image (A0 Area. Threshold specific in an embodiment _______ 29 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Printed by the staff of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs on Du A7 ____ '_137 ^ __ ^ _____ 5. The invention description (J) is provided in the next section. The threshold image (Ti) can be continuously processed using the vertical Bollinger opening function, step 1350. At this stage, a first compartment shield 1140 is formed. Preferably, the threshold level is user-definable. On the basis of the blister discarding module 1110 standard established above, it is preferable that the blister that does not meet the length standard St shortcomings of the S-line wood pull is removed from the first partition shield 1140, step 1360 . Next, the image can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function (QO, step 1370. At this stage, the modified first partition shield 1120 is formed. It is preferable that the bubble that satisfies the shortcomings of the S-line Mura is as before The bubble analysis block 61 is characterized online or later offline, step 1380. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user only detects or describes subsequent or lower contrast bubbles If the object is interested, step 1380 will not be implemented. Assume that for this case, although the foams corresponding to the shortcomings of the S-line wood pull can be implemented, they do not need to be analyzed. Then, the first partition protection is modified The pixels in the cover 112 are logically XORed with the corresponding pixels in the liquid crystal display (LCD) cover L960 to form an S-line bubble reference cover (Rs) and a first bubble reference cover 1150 (R 〇, step 1390. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 'first ~ bubble reference shield 1150 (binary image) will be logically high in all areas, if possible, except for those corresponding to the shortcomings of the S-line Mura. Bubbles are implemented (logically low). Not all images contain corresponding S The defect of the line wood pulls, the result is to modify the first partition shield 1Π0 and the first bubble reference seal ____30 _. _ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297) (%) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative Λ7 Η7 V. Description of the invention (4) 1150 may not contain any blister. In the preferred embodiment, even if no bubbles are reported in the first compartment shield 1140 or the modified first compartment shield 1120, it is preferred to continue step 1390 for convenience 'sake »In the present invention In another embodiment, other methods, techniques, and processing steps for determining the first partition shield 1140, modifying the first partition shield 1120, and the first bubble reference shield 1150 are foreseeable and expected. Disadvantages of G-line Mura Figure 10 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 1500 in a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of the β module 1500 includes an extracted image L970, a first reference image BS980, and a first bubble _Test cover 11150, Rooie, LCD display (LCD) shield 1960. Module 1500 includes a second partition shield 1540, a second bubble reference shield 15 50, and a second corrected image 1560 'gate line (G line) bubble reference shield 1570, and a processing module 1530 that modifies the second partition shield 1520. The module 1500 is typically used to determine the blister that corresponds to the shortcomings of the gate line (G-line) wood pull. The module 1500 is formed to represent a group of satisfying Such as the standard second compartment shield 1540 of a certain bubble standard. The module 1500 also typically determines that the bubble inside the second partition shield 1540 is a bubble representing the shortcomings of the brake wire pull and Bubbles that do not represent this disadvantage. The modified second partition shield 1520 is formed by a bubble representing the fault of the brake wire pull. Figure M describes the process of discarding bubbles from the second compartment shield 1540 according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure Η inserts the bubble in the second compartment shield 1540 in an embodiment ---- 31 (谙 Read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (y) If its size is larger than s2, all the bubbles are discarded from the second partition shield 1540. Furthermore, it is preferable that the square Bollinger expansion function is implemented and the second correction is performed. A partition shield 1520 is formed. Next, the bubbles inside the second partition shield 1520 were generated horizontally and had a width wider than W2. Pixels and a height lower than Η2 pixels. They were classified as corresponding to the G-line Mura disadvantage. Bubbles. Bubbles that do not meet the criteria are discarded. The 値 of S2, W2, and Η2 can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through general experiments. This is because when the G line of a horizontal stripe has the disadvantage of operating a substantial portion of the image width, if the line is “weakened” or broken, bubbles with operating image width are used to replace the existing bubbles. Case description IV and Figures 57F and 57G will discuss this narrative. FIG. 15 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 1500. Figure 15 contains steps 160-Π10 related to the convenience of the embodiment of Figure U. -. I. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (#Read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Initially, in response to the extracted image L970, the horizontal grayscale threshold was implemented with the 箸 7x1 core and horizontal grayscale Step termination is implemented on the image (L) with a 1x7 core, step 1600. Then the image (C0 passes the vertical smoothing filter, step 1610. The typical core size is 7x1. These steps are examples of detection enhancement steps. Then, in response to the grayscale XOR of the first reference image Bs980 and the smoothed image (E 〇, the modified second corrected image 1500 is shaped, refer to the first bubble reference shield 1150, step 1620. As discussed in the word introduction section, it is preferable that the pixels in the second modified image 1560 must be Depends on the number of pixels in the first bubble reference shield 1150. 32 pixels on a pixel basis. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm). Printed by the Industrial and Consumer Cooperative A7 137 ''..-__ _ ———--.. V. Description of the Invention (〇) Decision. For example, 'When the first bubble refers to the pixels in the shield 1150値 is high, and the corresponding pixels in the second corrected image 1560 are set according to the corresponding pixels in the smoothed image (E2). Moreover, 'when the pixels in the first bubble reference shield 1150 are low, Corresponding pixels in the second corrected image 1560 It is set according to the corresponding pixels in the first reference image BΘ80. That is, the part of the first bubble reference guard is low, and the smooth image (the corresponding part in E0 will be used by the first reference The corresponding part in the image BΘ80 has been replaced? In another embodiment of the present invention, the steps 1600 and 1610 are not included. In step 1620 of this embodiment, except for the first bubble reference shield low pixel Except for the parts, the second corrected image 1560 is equal to the extracted image L970. In these parts, the second corrected image 1560 is equal to the corresponding part of the first reference image Bs980. Then, the second corrected image 1560 is in pixels The base is extracted from the first reference image BA80 on the pixels, step 1630, and the absolute value of each pixel of the front is determined, step 1640, and then the threshold absolute image (A〇 is binarized 'step 1650). In particular, it is preferable that the threshold of the absolute image (Α2) only occurs in the ROI defined by r0ie. Because the ROIe does not include the boundary region, the threshold occurs in the region of the absolute image (A0) within the boundary. Horizontal Bollinger The activation function allows the threshold image (T2) to be continuously processed, step 1660. At this stage, the second partition shield 1540 is formed. Preferably, the threshold level is user-definable. 33 (Please first Read the notes on the back and fill out this page), ^.

、 1T This paper scale applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 gong). The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints a print to form a second examination shield. Step A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (p above Based on the blister discarding module 1510 standard established in FIG. 14, it is preferable that the blister that does not meet the length criterion S2 of the shortcomings of the S-line wood pull is removed from the second compartment shield 1540. 1670. Next, the image (Q2) can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function, step 1680. It is preferable that the bubbles that meet the shortcomings of the G-line Mura are blocked by the bubble analysis block 620 as described above or Later offline is characterized, step 1090. At this stage, a modified second partition shield 1520 is formed. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user only detects or describes subsequent or lower contrast If the bubbles are of interest, then step 1690 will not be implemented. Assume for this case that although the bubbles corresponding to the shortcomings of G-line mules can be implemented, they do not need to be analyzed. Then, in the second zone modification The pixels in the mask 1520 are logically XORed with The corresponding pixels in the liquid crystal display (LCD) cover 1960 are used to form a G-line bubble reference shield 1570 (R.), step 1700. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the G-line bubble reference shield 1570 ( Rc) (binary image) will be logically high in all areas, if possible, except for the bubble corresponding to the shortcomings of the G-line Mura is implemented (logically low) β. The pixels in the hood 1570 (Ra) are logically ANDed in the first bubble reference shield U50 (R0 * corresponds to the bubble reference shield 1550 (R2) 'combined bubble reference 1710. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second bubble ^ test cover 1550 (R2) (binary image) will be logically high in all areas except the area where the disadvantages of Mula are implemented (logically low ). 34 (谙 Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page)

This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 gong). Printed by A7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (0) Not all images contain the defects of G-line Mura. Foam. As a result, the modified second compartment shield 1520 and the G-line bubble reference shield 1150 (R.) May not contain any bubbles. In the comparative embodiment of the present invention, even if no bubbles are reported in the second partition shield 1540 or the modified second partition shield 1520, it is preferable to continue to perform steps 1700 and 1700 for convenience sake. 1710. In another embodiment of the present invention, the other determines the second partition shield 1540, modifies the second partition shield 1520, the G-line bubble reference shield 1150 (RC), and the second bubble reference shield The 1550 methods, techniques, and processing steps are foreseeable and expected. Fig. 16 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 1800 in a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of the module 1800 includes the extracted image L970, the first reference image BS980, the second bubble reference shield 1550, the attention area ROIe, and the liquid crystal display (LCD) shield L960. The module 1800 includes a processing module 1830 that provides a third bubble reference shield 1850. The module 1800 is typically used to determine the bubble corresponding to the disadvantage of the straw mura. Module 1800 forms a set of third compartment shields 1820 that meet a certain blister criterion such as contrast. The module 1800 is also typically used to determine the bubble β corresponding to the fault of the source line (S line). The module 1800 represents a group of third compartment shields 1840 that meet certain bubble standards such as contrast. 〇Module 1800 also typically decides that the bubbles in the third partition shield 1840 are the bubbles that represent the shortcomings of the straw and the bubbles that do not represent this disadvantage. Amend the third segment ___ 35 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 gong) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order. Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs . System A7 _______ B7__ 5. Description of the Invention (? F) The shield 1820 is formed by a bubble representing the shortcomings of the straw. FIG. 17B depicts the process of discarding the bubble 1 from the third compartment shield 184o according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17B depicts that if the bubbles in the third partition shield 1840 are larger than S3 in an embodiment, all the bubbles are discarded from the third partition shield 1840. Further, it is preferable that a square Bollinger expansion function is implemented and a modified third partition shield 1820 is formed. The S3 値 can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through ordinary experiments. FIG. 17A illustrates a block diagram of a Sobel module 2130 in a module 1800 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The Sobel module 2130 includes a plurality of processing modules 2140. The Sobd module 2130 receives the third modified image I860 as an input, and forms a processed image 2150 (E3). 18a and 18b are simplified flowcharts of the operation of the module 1800. Figure 18a contains steps 1600-1710 β related to the convenience of the embodiment of Figure 16. Initially, in response to the grayscale XOR and the extracted image L970 of the first reference image BΘ80, the third modified image I860 is formed, referring to the second Bubble reference shield 1550, step 1920. As discussed in the word introduction section, it is preferred that the pixels in the third corrected image I860 must be viewed as pixels in the second bubble reference shield 1550. Β ^ is determined on a pixel basis on a pixel basis. For example, when the pixel 値 in the second bubble reference shield I550 is high, the corresponding pixel in the third modified image I860 is based on the extracted image L970. Corresponding pixels are set. Furthermore, 'When the pixel 値 in the second bubble reference shield 1550 is low', in the third corrected image 1860, it is _36___ — the wood paper is suitable for Chinese national standard h CNS) 4 size (2ΚΪ × 297) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). 1 Order »by A7 B7, horizontal Sobel gradient (H3) is available, step 2170 〇 Volume 5. Description of the invention (u should pixels according to the first reference The corresponding pixels in the image BS980 are set. Then, the third modified image 1860 is passed through the Sobel gradient, step 1930. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Sobel gradient is formed by steps 2160-2180. Initially, the third modified image 1860 is input into the horizontal Sobel filter and the vertical Sobel filter, and it is preferably instantaneous that it alternates to form the horizontal Sobel gradient (H3) and the vertical Sobel gradient (V3), step 21ό0. Connect to the vertical Sobel gradient (V3) The size of the image (X0 and the volume image (Y3) are added on the pixels on a conventional pixel basis to process image 2150, step 2180. The threshold processing image 2150 (Eo is binarized, step 1950. Special Yes, better The image (E〇 only occurs in the attention area defined by the ROU. In this case, because R0IR includes the attention area in addition to the horizontal and vertical blocks and the boundary area. The morphic processor can make the threshold image (T〇 be Continuous processing, step 1960. Preferably, the threshold is user-definable. In the embodiment of the present invention, the morphic processor is used to detect adjacent bubbles and the appearance and the detected bubbles are very Similarly. Furthermore, the morphic processor is used to discard abnormal individual pixels from the image. In this embodiment, this function can be implemented typically by scanning the i-field near the central pixel to obtain the neighboring pixels. For example, If the central pixel 値 is high and the neighboring pixel 値 is low, then the central pixel is set to low β 37 of the bubble discard module 1810 standard established in Figure 17B above ----------- 'ί] .. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order the paper printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Industries Cooperatives, and the paper size is suitable for the China National Standard (CNS > Λ4 Specification (2! 〇Χ297 公 褒> Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Consumers' Cooperatives " A7 _ B7____ 5. On the basis of the description of the invention (U), it is preferred that the blister which does not meet the calculation criteria for the disadvantages of the straw M3 S3 is removed from the third partition shield 184o In addition, step 1970 °, then the image (Q3) can be processed by using the universal Bollinger expansion function, and step 1980 to form a modified third segment shield 1820. It is preferable that the blister that meets the shortcomings of the straw is pulled as The previously described bubble analysis block 620 is characterized online or later @ offline, step 1990. In another embodiment of the invention, step 1990 is not performed if the user is only interested in detecting or describing subsequent or lower contrast bubbles. Assume for this case that although the blisters corresponding to the disadvantages of the straw mules can be implemented, they need not be analyzed. Next, the pixels in the third segmentation shield 1820 are logically grounded XOR with the corresponding pixels in the shield Rt960 to form a straw reference shield 1870 (Rt), step 2000. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the straw reference shield 1870 (RT) (binary image) will be logically high in all areas, if possible, except for the objects corresponding to the disadvantages of straw straws (Logic low). Next, the pixels in the straw bubble reference shield 1870 (RT) are logically ANDed with the corresponding pixels in the second bubble reference shield 1550 (R2) to form a third bubble reference shield. Cover 1850 (R3), the combined reference cover for the detected bubbles at this stage, step 2010. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third bubble reference shield 1850 (R3) (the binary shadow will be logically high in all areas, except for the area where the Mura disadvantage is implemented (logically low). Here In the case, if possible, corresponding to the shortcomings of S-line wood pulls, the shortcomings of G-line wood pulls, and the defects of straw wood pulls were implemented. 6 __ _ 38 _ A paper standard Shizhou China National Standards (CNS> Λ4 Specifications (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

, 1T Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China Shelling Consumer Cooperative A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (Chuan) Not all images contain blisters corresponding to the defects of straws. As a result, the third compartment cover 1820 And the straw blister reference shield 1870 (b) may not contain any blister. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, even if no bubbles are reported in the third compartment shield 1820, it is preferred to continue the steps 2000 and 2010 for convenience sake ^ In another embodiment of the present invention In other methods, techniques, techniques, and processing steps that determine the third compartment shield 1820, the straw bubble reference shield 1870 (RT), and the third bubble reference shield 1850 are foreseeable and expected. Disadvantages of Strong White Mura Figure 19 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 2200 in a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of the module 2200 includes the extracted image 1970, the first reference image BS980, the third bubble reference shield 1850, and the LCD shield RL960. Module 2200 includes a processing module set 2230 that provides a fourth partition shield 2220, a modified fourth partition shield 2220, and a strong white foam reference shield 2270. Module 2200 is typically used to determine blisters that correspond to the disadvantages of strong white mules. Module 2200 forms a set of strong white foam reference shields 2240 that meet certain foam standards such as contrast. The module 2200 also typically decides that the bubbles in the fourth partition shield 2240 are bubbles representing strong white wood pulling defects and bubbles that do not represent this disadvantage. Modified fourth compartment shield 2220 is made of foam that represents the shortcomings of strong white wood pull. FIG. 20 depicts the process of discarding bubbles from the fourth compartment shield 2240 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 illustrates the bubble in the fourth partition cover 2240 in an embodiment ________ 39 _ ^ _ This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page for more information.) Λ. Order the economy. Then print by the Central Bureau of Standardization, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative ^ A7 __ ^ _ B7__ 5. Description of the invention (#) If the size is larger than the heart, all the bubbles are from the first The four compartment shield 2240 is discarded. Furthermore, it is preferable that a square Bollinger expansion function is implemented and a modified fourth partition shield 2220 is formed. Then, if bubbles that do not correspond to the defects of the straw Mula were detected in the previous stage, if the bubbles did not touch the boundary and their size was W4 times Η4 or less, they were classified as white interior points; If the bubbles are within W5 by Η5 and in the corner area, they are classified as white angle blocks; if the bubbles do not touch the corner area but within the distance from A to the boundary, they are classified as White border block. If bubbles corresponding to the disadvantages of the straw mura are detected, these bubbles are classified as bubbles corresponding to the disadvantages of the straw mura. Bubbles that do not meet the criteria are typically discarded. The S4, W4, H4, W5, H5 & D6 can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent document through general experiments. FIG. 21 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 2200. FIG. 21 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of FIG. Initially, in response to the gray-scale XOR of the first reference image Bs980 and the extracted image L970, a fourth modified image 2260 is formed, with reference to the third blister reference shield 1850, step 2320. As discussed in the vocabulary introduction section, it is preferable that the pixels in the fourth corrected image 2200 must be determined on a pixel basis on a pixel basis depending on the pixels in the third bubble reference shield 1850.举例 For example, when the pixel 値 in the third bubble reference shield 1850 is high, the corresponding pixel in the extracted image L970 is output as the corresponding pixel in the fourth modified image 2200. Moreover, when the second bubble is referenced to the shield; ___ _ — 40___ This paper ruler is used by the Chinese figure family ((: NS) Λ4 specification (21GX297 · gregorian calendar) '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page)

The work load of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs f. A7 _ B7. V. Pixels in the description of the invention (^) ~ 1550 are low. The corresponding pixels in the first reference image Bs980 are output as Four correction pixels in the image 2260. Next, the fourth modified image 2260 is extracted on a pixel basis from the ~ reference image center 980 on a pixel basis to form a first difference image 2280, step 2330 »Then using the threshold first difference image 2280 is binarized, step 2350 . Specific thresholds for the threshold will be provided in the next section. At this stage, a fourth partition shield 2240 is formed. It is preferable that the threshold is user-definable: On the basis of the bubble discarding module 2210 standard established above, it is preferable that the bubbles that do not meet the standards of straws or strong white wood pulls from the fourth The partition shield 2240 is removed, step 2380. Next, the traditional Bollinger expansion function can be used to process the image (QO, step 2400). The bubble that satisfies the shortcomings of the straw or the strong white wood pull is used by the bubble analysis block 620 on the line or later. Characterized offline, step 2390. At this stage, the modified fourth partition shield 2220 is formed < In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user only detects or describes other types of defects or lower contrast If you are interested in bubbles, then step 2390 will not be implemented. Assume for this case that although the bubbles corresponding to the disadvantages of straws or strong white mules can be implemented, they do not need to be analyzed. Then, in the fourth area of amendment The pixels in the shield 2220 are logically XORed with the corresponding pixels in the liquid crystal display (LCD) shield I960 to form a strong white bubble reference shield 2270 (Rw), step 2 ^ 10. It is preferred in the present invention. In the embodiment, the strong white bubble reference shield 2270 (RW) (binary image) will be logically high in all areas, if possible, except for the bubble corresponding to the strong white mulla defect (logic low) ) _____41 ____ This paper size applies to China House Mark 隼 (CNS) Λ4 size (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order the A7 B7 printed by the Beige Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (φ. ) In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and processing steps for determining the fourth partition shield 2240, modifying the fourth partition shield 2220, and the strong white foam reference shield 2270 (RW) are determined. It is a foreseeable and expected shortcoming. Blackwood pulls down. Figure 22 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 2500 within the partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of the module 2500 contains a first difference image 2280 (D4) The strong white bubble reference shield 2270, the third bubble reference shield 1850, and the LCD shield Rl960. Module 2500 includes a strong black bubble reference shield 2570 and a strong bubble reference shield 2580. , And the fifth bubble reference processing module 2550. The module 2500 is typically used to determine the bubble corresponding to the disadvantage of the strong black Mugla. The module 2500 is formed to represent a group that meets certain bubbles such as contrast Standard strong black bubble reference shield 2540 »Module 2500 decides on the Segmentation shield 2540. The inner bubble is a bubble representing the shortcomings of strong black wood and the bubble that does not represent this shortcoming. The fifth partition shield 2520 is a bubble representing the shortcomings of strong black wood FIG. 23 illustrates the process of discarding bubbles from the fifth compartment shield 2540 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 illustrates the bubbles within the fifth compartment shield 2540 according to an embodiment. The size is larger than S5, and all bubbles are discarded from the fifth partition shield 2540. Furthermore, it is preferable that a square Bollinger expansion function g is implemented and a modified fifth partition shield 2520 is formed. Then 'if there is no bubble corresponding to the disadvantage of the straw Mula, it was detected in the previous stage. ; If soaked (please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

This paper size Chuzhou China National Standard Apple (CNS) Λ4 size (210X297 mm>

V. Description of the Invention (Correction) The printed objects of the Consumer Cooperative of the sample-like quasi-bureau in the Ministry of Economic Affairs, whose size is within w8 by H8 and in the corner area, are classified as black corners; if the bubble does not touch Corner area but within the distance from D9 to the boundary, it is classified as a black boundary block steel. If bubbles corresponding to the defects of the straw mura are detected, these bubbles are classified as bubbles corresponding to the defects of the straw mura. Bubbles that do not meet the criteria are typically discarded. S5, W7 ’H7, W8, H8, and Di > may be determined by one of the general techniques in conventional techniques as disclosed in today ’s patent documents. Figure 24 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of module 2500. Figure 24 contains steps related to the convenience of the 22 embodiment. Initially, the first difference image 2580 from the module 2200 (Fig. 19) is used to binarize the threshold, step 2650. Specific thresholds for thresholds will be provided in the next section. At this stage, a fifth compartment shield 2540 is formed. Preferably, the threshold is user-definable. "In another embodiment of the present invention, the module 2500 may include a gray XOR module and a difference module, as described in the module 2200, and the module 2500 may Generate first difference image 2580 »However, by using the image produced in the previous stage, the processing time is reduced. On the basis of the bubble discarding module .2510 standard established above, it is preferable that the bubbles that do not meet the criteria of the straw or strong black wood pull are removed from the fifth compartment shield 2540. 2670. Without, the image can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function (QO, step 2680. At this stage, a modified fifth partition shield 2520 is formed. It is preferred that a bubble that meets the shortcomings of a straw or strong black wood pull As mentioned above, the bubble analysis block 620 is on the line or 43 C. Please read the precautions on the back and fill in this page.), 1T This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 _______ B7 -_ V. Invention Description U2) Later offline is characterized, step 2690. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user is only interested in detecting or describing the shortcomings of other Type 1 or lower-contrast bubbles, step 2690 will not be performed. Assume for this case that although the blister corresponding to the straw or strong blackwood pull-out can be implemented, they need not be analyzed. Next, the pixels in the modified fifth partition cover 2520 are logically XORed with the corresponding pixels in the liquid crystal display (LCD) cover IU960 to form a strong black bubble reference cover 2570 (Rb), step 2700. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the strong black bubble reference shield 2570 (RB) (binary image) will be logically high in all areas, if possible, except for the corresponding strong black mulla disadvantages are implemented ( Logic low). ’

Next, the pixels in the strong black bubble reference shield 2570 (RB) are logically ANDed with the corresponding pixels in the strong white bubble reference shield 2270 (RB) to form a strong bubble reference shield 2580. Step 2710. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the strong bubble reference shield 2580 (binary image) will be logically high in all areas, if possible, except for the disadvantages of strong white or strong black wood pull. The area is implemented (printed by the logic low P printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs J-Consumer Cooperative) (please read the precautions on the back to fill out this page). Then, the pixels in the strong bubble reference shield 2580 are logically grounded. AND the pixels corresponding to the third bubble reference shield 1580 (R3) to form a fifth bubble reference shield 2550 (1), and another combined bubble reference shield, step 2720. In this In the preferred embodiment of the invention &, the fifth bubble reference shield 2550 (binary image) will be implemented in all areas where the logic is high, except for the disadvantages of Mugla (logic low P in this case, if If possible, corresponding to the disadvantages of S-line wood pull, G-line wood pull, and straw straw pull Degree Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) 8.4 Specification (210X297 mm) A7 __B7 ___________ 5. Description of the Invention (叼), the strong white and / or strong black disadvantages are implemented. Not all images contain the corresponding strong foam wood Pulling the faulty bubbles, the result is that the fifth partition shield 2520, the strong black bubble reference shield 2570 (RB), etc. may not contain any bubbles. In the embodiment, even if no bubbles are reported in the fifth partition shield 2540 or the modified fifth partition shield 2520, etc., it is preferable to continue the steps 2700 and 2720 for the sake of convenience. In another embodiment of the present invention, the other decides the fifth partition shield 2540, revises the fifth partition shield 2520, the strong black bubble reference shield 2570 (Rb), the strong bubble reference shield 2580, and The method, technique, and processing steps of the fifth bubble reference shield 2550 are foreseeable and expected. 7k Flat Wire Mura Disadvantages Figure 25 depicts a typical module 2600 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention Block diagram. Module 2600 contains bubble discard module 2610. Module The input of 2600 contains the extracted image L970, the first reference image Bs980, the fifth bubble reference shield 2550, and the attention area ROIp module 2600 is typically used to determine the bubble corresponding to the horizontal line type Mula defect that is not the G line defect The module 2600 forms a group of sixth corrected images 2660, a fifth segmentation shield 2640, and a modified fifth segmentation shield 2620, which meet a certain bubble standard such as contrast. FIG. 26 illustrates an implementation according to the present invention. In the example, the process of discarding the bubble from the 6th and 6th partition shield 2640. FIG. 26 depicts that if the size of the bubbles in the sixth partition shield 2640 is larger than S6 in an embodiment, all the bubbles are from the sixth partition shield 2640 ______ «_ ^; ___ This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2KK) x 297 mm) 5. Description of invention (tf) A7 B7 Discard. Furthermore, it is preferable that a square Bollinger expansion function is implemented and a modified sixth partition shield 2620 is formed. Next, the size of the bubble is. Or larger, it is classified as a horizontal mura and bubbles that do not meet the criteria are discarded. The L of 86 and L1D can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through ordinary experiments. FIG. 27 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 2600. Figure 27 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of Figure 25. Initially, in order to respond to the first reference shadow BS980 and the gray-scale XOR of the extracted image 0, the sixth is as described above, preferably in the Ministry of Economic Affairs * .. Printed by the Standards Bureau Consumer Cooperative L970, refer to the fifth The robe reference shield 255f modified image 2660 is formed. In step 2720, the pixels in the sixth modified image 2660 are determined on the pixel by viewing the pixels of the five-bubble reference shield 2550 on the pixels. Then, the first Six corrected images 2660 are passed through a vertical Sobel-derived filter step, step 2730. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this function is a vertical derivative of a Gaussian waver and is used to make the horizontal lines or features prominent. Other methods of enhancing horizontal edges may be used instead. Because the result of step 2730 is typically noted, the absolute value of each pixel is determined to obtain the amount of horizontal lines or features, step 2740. The absolute image (Α〇 can be binarized using a threshold, step 2750. In particular, it is preferable that the threshold of the absolute image (Α6) only occurs in the attention area specified by the ROK-the attention area does not contain a block And the boundary area. The threshold is user-definable. The threshold image (TO is processed continuously, step 2760 using the horizontal Bollinger opening function. At this stage, a sixth partition shield 2640 is formed. 46 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) 1Τ 01. This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specifications (210 X 297). The Central Standard Vehicle Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has also printed the A7. B7 V. Description of the invention (ΦίΓ) On the basis of the establishment of the bubble discarding module 2610 standard of FIG. 26 above, it is preferable that the bubbles which do not meet the standard length of the horizontal line pull are separated from the sixth zone and protected. The cover 2640 is removed, step 2770. Next, the image can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function (QO, step 2780). It is preferable that the bubbles that meet the shortcomings of the horizontal line pull are analyzed by the bubbles as described above. Block 620 is on or off the line Is characterized, step 2790. At this stage, a modified sixth partition shield 2620 is formed. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user only detects or describes consecutive or lower contrast bubbles If you are interested, step 2790 will not be implemented. Assume that for this case, although the foams corresponding to the disadvantages of horizontal line pull can be implemented, they do not need to be analyzed. In another embodiment of the present invention, other decisions Six-segment shield 2640, and methods, techniques, and processing steps to modify the sixth-segment shield 2620 are foreseeable and expected. 7 Disadvantages of Vertical Line Mullah Figure 28 depicts the segmentation in the embodiment of the present invention Block diagram of a typical module 2800 within the block 610 < Module 2800 contains a bubble discard module 2810. The input of module 2800 includes a sixth correction image 2660 and the attention area ROIy module 2800 is typically used to determine the correspondence Bubbles that are not the disadvantages of the vertical line type wooden pulls that are not the disadvantages of the S line or the vertical block. The module 2800 forms a group of seven-zone shields 2840 and modified seventh-zone shields that meet certain bubble standards such as contrast 2820. Figure 29 description According to the embodiment of the present invention, the process of discarding the blister from the seventh partition cover 2840. 47 The paper size is in accordance with China State Standard (C1SIS) Λ4 specification (21 × 297 public epidemic disease) I -------- -C ---------- Order ------ L Participation (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by A7 B7 Cooperative Cooperative of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 2. Description of the Invention (Anvil) FIG. 26 illustrates an embodiment in which the bubbles in the seventh partition shield 2840 are larger than the S7, and all the bubbles are discarded from the seventh partition shield 2840. 1 Further, it is preferable that a square Bollinger expansion function is implemented and a modified seventh partition shield 2820 is formed. Then, if the bubble size is Lu or larger, they are classified as vertical mules and the bubbles that do not meet the criteria are discarded. The 及 of S7 and Ln can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through ordinary experiments. FIG. 30 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 2800. FIG. 30 includes steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of FIG. Initially, the sixth corrected image 2660 is passed through a vertical Sobel derivative filter step, step 2930. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, this function is a horizontal derivative of the Gaussian filter and is used to make vertical lines or features become Significant. Other methods of reinforcing vertical edges may be used instead. Because the result of step 2930 is typically noted, the absolute value of each pixel is determined to obtain the amount of vertical lines or features, step 2940. The absolute image (Α7) can be binarized using a threshold, step 2950. In particular, it is preferable that the threshold of the absolute image (Α7) occurs only in a specific attention area designated by R0Ir. Note that the region ROIr does not include a block and a boundary region. The threshold level is user-definable β. The threshold image (τ7) can be continuously processed using the vertical Bollinger opening function, step 2960. At this stage, the 2840th partition was formed. On the basis of the establishment of the bubble discarding module 2810 standard of FIG. 29 above, it is preferable that the bubbles that do not meet the length criterion of the vertical line pull S7 are removed from the seventh partition shield 2840. Step 2970. Next, Lee--(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -0 ^^ 1

This paper is in Chinese state standard (CNS) Λ4 size (210X297 mm) printed by the China Ministry of Economic Affairs and China Bureau of Standardization and Printing, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, A 7 _________________ 5. Description of the invention (φη) The image can be processed with traditional Bollinger expansion function (Q7), step 2980 β is preferably that the bubble that satisfies the disadvantage of the vertical line pull is characterized by the bubble analysis block 6 ^ 0 as described above on line or later offline, step 2990 » At this stage, amend the seventh segmentation canopy 2820 to form β. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user is only interested in detecting or describing consecutive or lower contrast bubbles, then step 2990 Will not be implemented. Assume for this case that, although foams corresponding to the disadvantages of vertical line pulls can be implemented, they need not be analyzed. In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques * and processing steps for determining the seventh partition shield 2840 and modifying the seventh partition shield 2820 are foreseeable and expected. Β ΤΗ diagonal wooden bridge points It is preferable that a similar process of detecting the defects of the vertical line pull is formed to decide to face the defects of the line A pull. FIG. 31 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 3000 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The module 3000 forms an eighth partition shield 3040 and a modified eighth partition shield 302 (FIG. 32 illustrates a process of discarding bubbles from the eighth partition shield 3040 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The size is larger than & or smaller than L12. Figure 33 is a simplified diagram of the better operation of module 3000, including steps 3130-3190 »In the embodiment of the present invention, the more Sobel filtering Device, threshold limiter, Bring-open operator, and bubble discard standard Se and selected ________49 ____ The Zhang ruler S uses Chinese standards (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Ding.- 9 ir_ Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Sample Rate Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (α) Illuminate and detect positive, bottom left to top right, diagonal shortcomings. In another embodiment of the present invention, other The methods, techniques, and processing steps for deciding the eighth partition shield 3040 and the eighth partition shield 3020 are foreseeable and expected. 9 It is better to detect the positive side of the diagonal. A similar process for the diagonal Mura defect is formed to determine the negative diagonal Mura defect. A block diagram of the first part of a typical module 3200 in the partition block 610 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The module 3200 forms a ninth partition shield 3240 and a modified ninth partition shield 3220-FIG. In the embodiment of the invention, the process of discarding the bubbles from the ninth partition shield 3240 includes bubbles larger than S9 or smaller than Lu. Figure 36 is a simplified view of the first part of the better operation of module 3000. Flow chart including steps 3330-3390 »In the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the Sobel filter, the threshold value, the Bollinger open operation element, and the bubble discarding standard & and Lu be selected to illuminate and Detect negative, top left to bottom right, diagonal shortcomings. In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and methods for determining the ninth partition shield 3240 and modifying the ninth partition shield 3220, and The processing steps are foreseeable and expected. Figure 37 depicts a block diagram of the second part of the module 3200. The second part of the module 3200 contains a correction for the sixth partition shield 2620 'a correction for the seventh partition shield 2820, Correction of the eighth partition shield 3020, correction of the ninth partition shield 3220 '__ ^ _ 50___ Paper size / 1Γ National standard rate (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 feet): I (, in. I—I order ^ ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Cooperative cooperative printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (Clever LCD cover RL960, and the fifth bubble reference cover 2550. Module 3200 The second part forms a line bubble reference cover 3270, and a ninth bubble shape Reference material shield 3250. Figure 38 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the second part of the module 3200. FIG. 38 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of FIG. 37. As described above, 'the image shield in this embodiment is conventionally used in areas where the shield area is high' or white 'instead of when the bubble is low or black. In another example, "the entire area is black except for the area that represents the foreign object (white)." Initially, the sixth partition shield 2620 was amended, the seventh partition shield 2820 was amended, and the first The eight-segment shield 3020, and the ninth-segment shield 3220 are logically ORed on a pixel basis on a pixel basis to form a line-mula-segment shield 3275 'step 3330. As the result of the deeds disclosed above, the line-mula partition shield 3275 will be white in all areas. The partition shields in all areas except the above are black. For example, all partition shields agree to have bubbles. . Next, the pixels in the wire mullion segmentation shield 3275 are logically XORed with the corresponding pixels in the shield ROIRA60 to form a wire bubble reference shield 3270, step 3310. Next, the pixels in the online bubble reference shield 3270 are logically ANDed with the corresponding pixels in the fifth bubble reference shield 2550 (R3) to form a ninth bubble reference shield 2550 (R0, Step ^ 320. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ninth bubble reference shield 255 (binary image) will be implemented in all areas where the logic is high, except for the disadvantages of the line wood pull (logic low ). In this case, if possible 'corresponds to the previous stage and 51 of this stage (谙 Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.)

This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm.) Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Cooperatives A7 B7__ 5. Description of the invention (eg) The blister is implemented. In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and processing steps for determining the line bubble reference shield 3270 (1 ^) and the ninth bubble reference shield 3250 are foreseeable and expected. 10 7k Suyang block too shortcomings It is better to detect similar faults of horizontal line pulls (Section 6). A similar process is formed to determine the faults of horizontal block pulls. FIG. 39 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 3400 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Module 3400 forms a tenth modified image 3460, a tenth partition shield 3440, and a tenth partition shield 3420. FIG. 40 illustrates a process of discarding a bubble from the tenth partition shield 3440 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a size ratio S :. Bubbles that are larger or smaller than L18. FIG. 41 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 3400, including steps 3520-3590. In the embodiment of the present invention, a ninth bubble reference shield 3250 is used to form a tenth modified image 3460. Furthermore, vertical derivative filters, threshold thresholds, Bolling-on operands, and bubble discard standards 81 (>.% 18 and H18 were selected to illuminate and detect the shortcomings of the horizontal block. In one embodiment, other methods, techniques, and processing steps for determining the tenth partition shield 3440 and modifying the tenth partition shield 3420 are foreseeable and treated. 11 The shortcomings of the vertical sun-removing Taiqiao are better. A similar process for detecting the faults of vertical line pulls (Section 7) was formed to determine the faults of vertical block pulls. ___ 52 ___ 'This paper size is commonly used in Chinese National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 public funding) ) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Order # 1. Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, A7, B7, F7, and V5. Description of the invention) Figure 42 depicts the barrier according to the embodiment of the present invention A block diagram of a typical module 3600 in block 610. Module 3600 forms an eleventh partition shield 3040 and a modified eleventh partition shield 3620. FIG. 43 depicts the process of discarding bubbles from the tenth partition shield 3640 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which contains bubbles larger than Su or smaller than W19 or larger than W19. FIG. 44 is a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 3600, which includes steps 3730-3790. In the embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal derivative filter, a threshold threshold, a Bollinger open operation element, and a bubble discarding standard Su · w19 and H19 was selected to illuminate and detect the shortcomings of the vertical block. In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and processing steps that determine the eleventh partition shield 3640 and modify the eleventh partition shield 3620 are foreseeable and expected. Disadvantages of Bright Area Mula Figure 45 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 3800 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of the module 3800 includes an extraction image L970, a first reference image Bs980 'and a ninth bubble reference shield 3250. Module 3800 is typically used to determine the blister that corresponds to the shortcomings of bright area mules. Module 3800 forms a set of twelfth modified images 3860, twelfth partition shield 3840, and modified twelve partition shields that meet certain bubble standards such as contrast. Figure 46 describes a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 3800. Figure 46 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of Figure 45. Initially, in response to the first reference image Bs980's gray scale x〇R and extraction 53 i paper size, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 丨 0X297 male thin) I ---------丨 ----. 0— (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by Zhengong Poverty Alleviation Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ A7 —_. _B7 V. Description of the invention (a) Take image L970, Refer to the ninth bubble reference shield 3250, step 3920. As mentioned before, it is preferable that the pixels in the twelfth corrected image 3860 must be determined on a pixel basis on a pixel basis depending on the pixels in the ninth bubble reference shield 3250. Twelfth correction The image 3860 is extracted from the reference image Bs980 on a pixel basis on a pixel basis. Step 3930. The difference image (Du) can be binarized using a threshold, step 3950. In particular, it is preferable that the threshold of the difference image (〇12) occurs on the entire image. Figure 47 depicts the process of discarding bubbles from the twelfth compartment shield 3820 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which contains bubbles larger than Su. FIG. 47 depicts an embodiment in which, if there are no bubbles corresponding to the defects of the straw Mura in the previous stage, and if the number of stages is greater than Cu: the bubbles touch the boundary and are within a distance D14 from the boundary. It is classified as a white-bounded block steel and the remaining bubbles are classified as general bright areas; if the number of stages is less than or equal to Cu: the bubbles touch the boundary and within the distance Du from the boundary, they are classified as white boundaries Lump steel and the remaining bubbles are classified as general bright areas. If bubbles corresponding to the disadvantages of the straw mules were detected in the previous stage, these bubbles are classified as straw mules. S12, the distance between D14 and C12 can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through general experiments. The image can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function (^ 0 'Step 3980. It is preferable that the bubble that meets the shortcomings of the bright area Mura is blocked by the bubble analysis block 620 as described above or offline afterwards. Characterization 'step 3990. At this stage, the revised twelfth partition shield 3820 is formed β _____._ ^ ____ 54_ ____ This paper size is redundant Chinese national standard (11 ^) eight 4 ^ grid (2) 0' < > < 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

A7 B7 Bei Gongxiao, Cooperative Cooperative, Central Bureau of Procurement, Ministry of Economic Affairs

5. Description of the Invention (B In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user is only interested in detecting or describing other types of defects or low-contrast bubbles, step 3990 will not be implemented. Assume this For example, although the foams corresponding to the shortcomings of the bright area Mura can be implemented, they need not be analyzed. In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and treatments for determining the twelfth partition shield 3820 The steps are foreseeable and expected. Disadvantages of Mullion in the Dark Zone FIG. 48 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 4000 in the partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input to module 4000 includes a differential image (Du). Group 4000 is typically used to determine the bubbles that correspond to the faults of the dark area Mugla. Module 4000 forms a group of thirteenth zone shields 4040 and modified thirteenth zones that meet certain bubble criteria such as contrast Shield 4020. Fig. 49 depicts a simplified flowchart of the operation of module 4000. Fig. 41 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of Fig. 48. Initially, the difference image (Du) can be binarized using thresholds. Step 4150. In particular, a difference image is preferred (D12) Threshold occurs on the entire image. In another embodiment of the present invention, a morphic processor is used to detect adjacent and similar types of bubbles to be detected. Further, a morphic processor It is used to discard abnormal pixels in the image. In this embodiment, this function is typically implemented by scanning near pixels of the area near the central pixel. For example, if the central pixel is high and the neighboring pixel is Low, the central pixel is set to low. Figure 50 depicts the shield from the thirteenth zone in the embodiment of the present invention _ 55_ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-order ir. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Α7 B7 V. Description of invention (fried) 4020 The process of discarding bubbles includes bubbles larger than Sl3. $ 50 Description of an embodiment If bubbles that do not correspond to the defects of the straw Mula are detected in the previous stage, and if the number of stages is greater than C13: the bubbles touch the boundary and are within a distance of D16 from the boundary, they are classified as dark boundary blocks. Steel and remaining bubbles are classified as generally dark ; If the number of stages is less than or equal to Cu: bubbles contact the boundary and within a distance Dls from the boundary, they are classified as dark-bounded block steel and the remaining bubbles are classified as general bright areas. If the corresponding straw Mula Disadvantageous bubbles were detected in the previous stage, and these bubbles were classified as straw mules. S13. The distance between D16 and Cn can be disclosed in the current patent book through general experiments in conventional technology Determined by one of the general techniques. Next, the image (Pu) can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function, step 4180. It is better to analyze the bubbles that meet the shortcomings of the dark area Mura as described above. Block 620 is characterized on-line or later off-line, step 4190. At this stage, a modified thirteenth partition shield 4020 is formed. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user is only interested in detecting or describing other types of faults or low-contrast bubbles, step 4190 will not be implemented. Assume for this case that although the foams corresponding to the disadvantages of Mullah in the dark area can be implemented, they need not be analyzed. In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and processing steps for determining the thirteenth partition shield 4020 are predictable and expected. Gao BNU is too persistent. FIG. 51 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 4100 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input of module 4100 contains the reference image _56___ (please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-, τ Printed by the male labor consumer cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Economic Affairs, China > Λ4 specification (210X297) 印 A 7 ____.________ B7 __— 5. Description of invention (bamboo)

Bs980 and the second reference image BΘ90. Module 4100 is typically used to determine the BNU corresponding to a large area i. Module 4100 forms a fourteenth partition shield 4140 and a modified fourteenth partition shield 4120 that meet certain bubble standards such as comparison. FIG. 52 illustrates a simplified flowchart of the operation of the module 4100. Fig. 52 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of Fig. 51. Initially, the first reference image BS980 and the second reference image BA90 are extracted on a pixel basis, step 4230. The difference image (Γ> 14) may be binarized using a threshold, step 4250. In particular, it is preferable that the threshold of the difference image (Du) occurs on the entire image. The threshold image ^ (T14) can be continuously processed by the morphic processor, step 4260. In another embodiment of the invention, a morphic processor is used to detect adjacent and similar types of bubbles to be detected. Furthermore, the morphic processor is used to discard abnormal pixels β in the image. In this embodiment, this function is typically implemented by scanning adjacent pixels in the area near the central pixel. Next, bubbles that do not meet certain criteria It is discarded, step 4260. Next, the image can be processed using the traditional Bollinger expansion function, step 4280. It is preferred that the bubbles that meet the shortcomings of the bright BNU Mura are characterized online or later offline by the bubble analysis block 620 described above, step 4290 »At this stage, the fourteenth segment is modified A shroud 4120 is formed. In another embodiment of the present invention, step 4290 will not be implemented if the use is only interested in detecting or describing other types of faults or less contrasting robes. Assume for this case that although the blisters corresponding to the disadvantages of bright BNU Mura can be implemented, they need not be analyzed. __57_______ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -------- C—— (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -Order # 1. Economy Ministry of Standards and Standards Bureau only prints A7 B7 for consumer cooperatives. __ V. Description of the Invention (Η) In another embodiment of the present invention, other methods, techniques, and processing steps for deciding to modify the fourteenth partition shield 4120 Is predictable and expected. d 53 describes the process of discarding bubbles from the fourteenth partition shield 4140 according to the embodiment of the present invention, which contains bubbles larger than S14. S14. Wu and Hu's puppets can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through general experiments. Disadvantages of Dark BNU Mura Figure 45 depicts a block diagram of a typical module 4300 within a partition block 610 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The module 4300's input contains a Dip module containing differential images. The module 4300 is typically used to determine bubbles corresponding to the shortcomings of large areas of dark BNU Mura. Module 4300 forms a fifteenth partition shield 4340 and a modified fifteenth partition shield 4320 that meets certain bubble standards such as comparison. Figure 55 depicts a simplified flowchart of the operation of module 4300. Figure 55 contains steps related to the convenience of the embodiment of Figure 54. Initially, the difference image (D14) can be binarized using a threshold 'step 4450. In particular, it is preferable that the threshold of the difference image (Dh) occurs over the entire image. The threshold image (Tn) may be continuously processed by the morphic processor, step 4460. In another embodiment of the present invention, a morphic processor is used to detect adjacent and similar blister types. Furthermore, the morphic processor is used to discard abnormal pixels in the image. In this embodiment, this function is typically implemented by scanning neighboring pixels 値 in the area near the central pixel. Next, bubbles that do not meet certain criteria are discarded 'step 4470. ___ 58 _; _ This paper size applies the Chinese national standard ((: NS) Λ4 grid (210X297 cm)) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

In the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the rate of standard-breaking consumer cooperatives? 4 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (q) Figure 56 describes the process of discarding bubbles from the fifteenth partition shield 434 sounds according to the embodiment of the present invention, which contains bubbles larger than S15, S15. W23 and H23 can be determined by one of the general techniques in the conventional techniques disclosed in the present patent documents through general experiments. Next, the traditional Bollinger expansion function can be used to process the image (P0, step 448). It is preferable that the bubbles that meet the shortcomings of the dark BNU Mura are blocked by the bubble analysis block 620 as described above or later Offline is characterized, step 4490. At this stage, a modified fifteenth partition shield 4340 is formed. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the user only detects or describes other types of defects or lower The contrasting blister is of interest, step 4490 will not be implemented. Assume for this case that although the blister corresponding to the disadvantages of the dark BNU Mura can be implemented, they do not need to be analyzed. In the example, other methods, techniques, and processing steps that decide to modify the fifteenth partition shield 4340 are foreseeable and expected. Parameters Typical robe and shape analysis module 620 The bubble detection includes the decision Bundles of bubbles in each stage reduce the bubble processing time. Furthermore, the bubbles in each stage typically implement the following numerical characteristics: box width, box height, area, border. Other representatives Sexual parameters include Ratio, and the like. The following is a representative list of the parameters of the individual modules in the different stages mentioned above. It should be understood that the table contents will vary according to specific embodiments and applications. Therefore, the table contents are only A possible description of one of the many embodiments. _: ____ 59 This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X29 * 7 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

A -9 A7 B7 V. Explanation of the invention (you) Table 1 Printed Mula Lin β% by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives: Τη 値 丨 Stage 75 1-S line defects (shortage = 75) 75 2- Disadvantage of G-line (shortness = 75) 125 3-Drawer disadvantage (shortness = 125) 150 4-Strong white defect (shortage = 150) -150 5 miles disadvantage (shortage = 150) 50 6 Bingping line disadvantage (shortness = 60) 50 7-mile fault (shortness = 50) 40 8-positive diagonal short, 40) 40 9-negative diagonal defect (short = 40) 35 10 · horizontal block defect (short = 35) 35 11- Disadvantages of vertical block (shortness = 35) 100 12-Brightness shortcomings (shortness ^ = 120) -50 13-Darkness shortcomings (shortness = 40) 325 14-Light irregularities (shortness = 325) -325 15-darkness Irregular defects (shortage = 325), 60 papers are suitable for ΛI Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specifications (2〗 0X297 mm) --------,-installed II (please read the precautions on the back first) (Fill in this page again.) Order A7 B7 V. Description of invention (t?) Table 2 Mura printed size inspection by the Central Bureau of Samples of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives: Sn 50,000 Stage 1-S Disadvantage (Short = 50000) 50000 2-G line disadvantage (shortage = 50000) 750 3- straw Points (short = 750) 10000 4_ Strong white fault (short = 10000) 10000 5- Strong black fault (short = 10000) 10000 6- Horizontal line fault (short = 10000) 10000 7- Vertical line _ (short = 1_) 10000 8-Positive diagonal defects (shortness = 10000) 10000 9-Negative diagonal defects (shortness = 10000) 10000 10 Ice flat resistance block defects (short, 10000) 10000 11-Vertical resistance defects (shortness = 10000) 25000 12- bright area_ (shortness = 25000) 25000 13- dark area shortcomings (shortness = 25000) 300000 14- bright irregular shortcomings (shortness = 300000) 300000 15- dark irregular shortcomings (shortness = 300000) '61 paper size Applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specifications (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Μ ___ Β7 V. Description of the invention (^) Table 3 Mura restrictions: Wn ^ Dn Central Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Bureau of Military Industry and Consumer Cooperatives printed the 値 stage 100 高度 -s line fault height (short = 100) 12 Ι-s line fault width (short = 12) 12 2-G line fault height (short = 12) 100 2-G 繊Dot width (shortness = 100) 16 4-inner whitening defect width (shortness = 16) 16 4-inner whitening defect width (shortness = 16) 30 5-angle strong whiteness defect length (shortness = 30) 30 5-Angular Strong White Fault Width (short = 30) 3 6 · Boundary Strong White Fault Boundary Distance (Short = 3) 16 7-Inner Surface Defect Degree (Short = 16) 16 7-Internal Strong Black Fault Width (Short) = 16). 30 8-Angular Strong Black Fault 髙 Degree (Lack = 30) 30 8-Angular Strong Black Fault Width (Lack = 30). 3 9-Border Strong Black Fault Boundary Distance (Short = 3) 20 10 · Horizontal Line Fault length (shortness = 20) '20 11-Vertical fault length (shortness = 20) 20 12-Positive diagonal fault length (shortness = 20) ____62 This paper scale is applicable to China's standard (CNS) Λ4 specification ( 21 OX 297 mm) -------- < v ----- jT ----------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Central Standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau of Freight Forwarding Cooperatives 20 13- Negative diagonal defect length (short = 20) 5 j 14- Bright area defect boundary distance (short = 5) 5 16- Dark area defect boundary distance (short = 5) 8 18-Horizontal fiber resistance point width (shortness = 8) 30 18-Horizontal resistance block defect width (shortness = 30) 30 19-Vertical resistance block defect width (shortness = 30) 8 19-Vertical resistance block defect width (shortage = 8) 50 21_ Bright not bad! 1 Defectiveness (shortness = 50) 50 21- Bright irregular defect width ( (Less = 50) 50 23-dark irregular defect size (short = 50) 50 23-dark irregular defect width (short = 50) 値 stage 600 12-bright defect (short = 600) 600 13-dark defect (Shortness = 600) ^ A 7 ________B7 V. Description of invention u 丨) Table 4 Mura order: Cn 63_ This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the back (Please fill in this page again)

V. Explanation of the invention (仏) Table 5 Mula measurement: A7 B7 Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Economic Development Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs? Table 値 Stage 1.00 1-Vertical S-line defects (shortness = 100) 1.00 2-Horizontal G-line defects (shortness = 12) 0.50 3-Sipper type disadvantages (shortness = 12) 1.00 4-white inner point defects (shortness = 100) 1.00 5-White corner defects (shortness = 16) 1.00 6-White boundary block steel defects (shortness = 16) 1.00 7-Black inner point defects (shortness = 30) 1.00 8-Black corner defects (shortness = 30) 1.00 9- Black border surface fault (short ㈣ 0.25 10- positive diagonal fault (short = 16) 0.35 11- negative diagonal fault (short = 16) 0.35 12- horizontal line fault (short = 30) 0.35 13- vertical line Disadvantages (shortage = 30) 3.00 14-Brightness shortcomings (shortness = 3) 0.75 15-Brightness shortcomings (shortness = 20) '3.00 16-Darkness shortcomings (shortness = 20) 0.75 17-Darkness collection shortcomings (shortage = 20) .____ 64 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order the Industry A7 of the Male Workers' Consumers Cooperative of the Central Ministry of Economic Affairs Bureau ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (〇) 0.50 18-horizontal block_ (short = 20) 0.50 1 19-vertical block is missing short: 5) .... 1.00 20-do not delete shortcomings in the bright area (short = 5) 0.50 21- Bright Side Chat Rule shortcomings (shortness = 8) 1.00 22-Dark rule small shortcomings (shortness = 30) 0.50 23 ~ ^ Finance rule shortcomings (shortness = 3〇) IV Examples Figure 57a-p illustrates an example of the present invention Figure 57a description includes vertical S-line defect 4510, horizontal G-line defect 4520, vertical-line defect 4530, and straw Muller 4540 typical image 4500. Due to the distortion of the viewing angle, a typical image 4500 typically contains different areas of density. 4550 and 4560 ^ are ignored in the present invention and detected in other applications. FIG. 57b illustrates a first reference image corresponding to a typical image 4500. Figure 57c describes the results of the vertical line segmentation threshold detection. When detecting S-line defects, it is possible to be bribed when detecting, for example, 4530 that is not located in the S-line defect area. As shown in Figure 57c, the S line has a shortcoming of 4510 and a crack of 4570. However, because the main knowledge about the appearance of a typical S-line is known, the entire S-line defect is detected in Figure 57d. Figure 57d illustrates the "first" bubble reference shield. Figure 57e describes the "second" corrected image. This is the area where the first blister reference shield appears. The corresponding part of the first blister reference shield is used instead of the paper standard (CNS) λ4 specification (2) 0 × 297 mm. '~ ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page)'? Τ Cicada · Printed by the staff of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ___B7__ 5. Description of the invention (from) Typical image 4500. As you can see, the crack 4580 is generated by this replacement. "Figure 57h describes the" second "bubble reference shield, shown in Figure 57d and Figure

A logical AND between 57g. Figure 57i describes the "third" corrected image. This is the area where the second bubble reference shield appears, and the corresponding part of the first bubble reference shield is used to replace the typical image 4500. As can be seen, cracks 4590 and 4600 were created as a result of this replacement. Fig. 57j describes the detection of sipper blister, and Fig. 57k describes the sipper reference shield after the square-bulling expansion step. Figure 571 describes the "third" bubble reference shield, a logical AND between Figure 57k and 5711. Figure 57m illustrates the "fourth" corrected image. This is the area where the third bubble reference shield appears. The corresponding part of the first bubble reference shield is used instead of the typical image 4500. Figure 57n describes the detection of line bubbles, and Figure 57 describes the line. Blister reference shield. Figure 57 describes the "fourth" bubble reference shield, a logical AND between Figure 57a and Figure 571. Figure 57p illustrates the "fifth" modified image. This is the area where the fourth bubble reference shield appears, and the corresponding part of the first bubble reference shield is used to replace the typical image 4500. Further detection and characterization of other bubble types are currently not implemented. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order 4. This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specifications (210X 297 mm) The Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bei Gong Xiao F Cooperative Press 5i A7 B7 V. Explanation of the Invention (Conclusion) In the foregoing, it is clearly pointed out that the present invention has been described with respect to a specific typical embodiment. "Many changes or modifications have now been implemented. In the embodiment, a first process for performing an image and a second process output from the first process are performed. However, it is clear that processing may take place in the framework of a continuous processing tube or design. In a typical example, it is assumed that the sobei filter (3x3) is implemented on the image after the threshold function. Because of the pixel stream in the image processing tube, the pixels typically output from the Sobel filter appear on the processing tube approximately three pixel lines after they are input to the Sobel filter. Even before the Sobel filter processes the entire image, the output pixels can be entered into the threshold function immediately. Although there are typically some latent factors related to processing, processing of subsequent modules can typically begin after the previous module has ended. This idea can be well known in the general techniques of the conventional technology. "In the above embodiment, the bubble reference shield is logically high in all regions, except for the bubble region is implemented, the logic is low. So the 'Bring And function is used to combine the bubble reference shields at different stages. In another embodiment, the bubble reference shields are logically low in all regions' except the bubble regions are implemented , Logical. Therefore, the Bollinger Function is used to combine the bubble reference shields at different stages. In another embodiment, the blister reference shields of different stages are not combined. As a result, users can only “remove” certain stages relative to the “~ remove” disadvantages from all major stages. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above. Examples including a subset of the above are to be expected, including examples that have not been explicitly disclosed — 67 rA -I Order ^ © 1 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Standards apply China National Standard Rate (CNS) Λ4 specification (210 × 297 mm)

83. t4. ^ W V. Description of the invention ()

The same can be expected. Furthermore, embodiments having different levels of stages are to be expected. For example, stages 12 and 13 may be implemented before stages 10 and 1] t in the preferred embodiment. The disclosure here can provide enhanced detection of specific shortcomings with different levels of ownership stages. Furthermore, using different functions and modules can do more processing than described. Not only different weighting factors for different filters can be expected, but different disadvantages can be revealed as well as different techniques for positioning can be expected. The scope of patent application of the present invention can also be applied to applications such as cathode ray tube calibration and detection systems, semiconductor wafer detection and calibration systems, shield detection systems, network detection systems, convex lens detection, metal detection, Fabric inspection, surface particle detection, glass base detection, polarizer sheet detection (for transmitting digital, scratches, etc.), medical applications such as X-ray analysis (for detecting cancer, breast cancer), And other analogs. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. However, it is obvious that different amendments and changes can be achieved without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the patent application scope of the present invention. [Explanation of component symbols] ------------ -Clothing --------- Order --- I -----_ line ^^ (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page again) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, 400 Detectors, 410 LCD Monitors, Flat Panels, 430 Slideable Desktops, 440 Chain Frames, 450 Cameras, 68 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 (Mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () 460 470 480 • 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650- 790 900 910 920 930 Upper body monitor computer keyboard system monitor t brain keyboard Image detector positioning element processor Random access memory memory drive system Block shield generator (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The paper size for printing is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) A7 _B 7 V. Description of the invention () Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 940 Processing module 950 Attention area 960 Cover RL · 970 Extraction image L 980 First reference image 990 Second reference image 1081 Typical module 1082 Module 1083 Gray-scale replacement module 1084 Subtraction module 1085 Quantity module 1086 Threshold 1087 Bollinger blur filter 1088 Bubble discarding module 1089 Bolling expander 1090 Bolling XOR module 1091 Bolling AND module Group 1092 Bubble Reference Shield 1094 New Bubble Reference 1100 Typical Module 1110 Bubble Discard Module 1120 Segmented Shield 1140 Segmented Shield 1150 Bubble Reference Shield 70 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 grid (210 X 297 mm) ------------ I ---------- Order --------- line ml · (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () 1500 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1800 1820 1840 2130 2140 2150 1860 1870 2200 2210 2220 2230 2240 2260 2270 2280 2500 Module No. Two-segment shield processing module Two blister reference shields Second correction image Gate line blister reference shield module Standard wave Third compartment shield Third compartment shield Sobel module processing module Processes the image Third modified image straw reference Mask module Bubble discard module Fourth partition shield Processing module Fourth partition shield Fourth modified image Strong white bubble Reference shield First differential image Typical module Intellectual property bureau employee consumption Printed by the cooperative (please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Order --------- ^ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7- -----------; Agriculture ---------- Order --------- Line Ginseng (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperative Cooperative V. Invention Description (2520 2540 2550 2570 2580 2510 2540 2600 2620 2640 2660 2800 2810 2820 2840 3000 3020 3040 3200 3220 3250 3270 3275 3400 Amendment of the fifth compartment shield Fifth bubble reference shield strong white bubble reference shield first differential image bubble discard module fifth Partition shield typical module modification Sixth partition shield Sixth partition shield Sixth revised image Typical module bubble discard module modification Seventh partition shield Seventh partition shield Typical module correction No. Eight-segment shield Eighth-segment shield Typical module correction Ninth-segment shield Ninth blister reference shield Line blister reference shroud Mura partition shield typical module 72 Paper size Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention () 3420 3440 3460 3600 3620 3640 3800 3820 3840 3860 4000 4020 4040 4100 4120 4140 4300 4320 4340 Correct the tenth partition shield Tenth partition shield Tenth corrected image typical module Correct the partition shield Eleventh partition shield typical Modification of the twelfth partition shield Twelfth partition shield The twelfth correction image Typical module modification Thirteenth partition shield The thirteenth partition shield Typical module correction The fourteenth partition protection Fourteenth partition shield typical module repair Fifteenth fifteenth segment shroud segment guard of the present paper scale applicable Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

Sixth, the scope of the patent application A8 B8 C8 D8 〇 ^ · Amendment 1. A method for positioning a bubble in an image, the method includes the following steps: forming a bubble reference shield from the image, the bubble reference shield Contains a part of the image that owns the first bubble, if possible; from this image, a reference image is formed, and this reference image corresponds to the image instead of having the first bubble through the reference image part corresponding to the image A corrected image formed by the image portion of the object, if possible; and positioning a second bubble in the image to correspond to the corrected image. 2. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope further comprises the following steps: Correcting the bubble reference shield to include a part of the image I with the second bubble. 3. For the method of applying for the first item of the patent scope, it further includes the following steps: Another modified image formed by replacing the part having the image of the second bubble, corresponding to the image containing the second bubble The reference image portion of the image portion; and. Position a third bubble in the image to correspond to another corrected image. 4. If the method of claim 3 is applied, the step of forming another correction image further includes the following steps: Replace the part of the image that owns the first bubble, if possible 'with the reference image part. 5. If the method of applying for item 1 of the patent scope, it further includes applying the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) at this paper size (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) '' ▲ · 丨 丨 丨 ---- Order --------- Line Turtle I: Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6. The scope of patent application A8 B8 C8 D8 〇 ^ · Amendment A method for locating bubbles in an image, the method comprising the following steps: forming a bubble reference shield from the image, the bubble reference shield containing a portion of the image with the first bubble, if possible ; Forming a reference image from the image, the reference image corresponding to the corrected image formed by replacing the portion of the image with the first bubble through the reference image portion corresponding to the image portion, if possible; And positioning a second bubble in the image to correspond to the corrected image. 2. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope further comprises the following steps: Correcting the bubble reference shield to include a part of the image I with the second bubble. 3. For the method of applying for the first item of the patent scope, it further includes the following steps: Another modified image formed by replacing the part having the image of the second bubble, corresponding to the image containing the second bubble The reference image portion of the image portion; and. Position a third bubble in the image to correspond to another corrected image. 4. If the method of claim 3 is applied, the step of forming another correction image further includes the following steps: Replace the part of the image that owns the first bubble, if possible 'with the reference image part. 5. If the method of applying for item 1 of the patent scope, it further includes applying the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) at this paper size (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) '' ▲ · 丨 丨 丨 ---- Order --------- Line Turtle I: Printed by the Employees 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs D8 Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Steps: Correct the corrected image by replacing the portion of the image that has the second bubble with the reference image portion corresponding to the image portion containing the second bubble. Position the third bubble in the image Object to correspond to another corrected image. 6. If the method of applying for the scope of the patent, the method of forming a reference image includes the step of performing an image processing function on the image. 7. If the method of applying for the scope of the patent, the method of claim 6, wherein, 'implement an image The step of the processing function includes a step of implementing a fuzzy operand on the image. 8. The method according to item 6 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step of implementing an image processing function includes the step of implementing a smooth arithmetic element on the image. 9. The method of claim 1 further includes the step of characterizing a second bubble. 10. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope further includes the following steps: before forming the correction image step, implementing an image processing function on the image. 11. A method for forming an image having a reduced contrast bubble, the method comprising the following steps: positioning the bubble on the first image portion 'the bubble has a first contrast with respect to the first image; A reference image is formed from the first image, and this reference image has a portion corresponding to the first image; and 2 paper sizes are applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS> A4 specification (210 X 297 mm)) (Please read the back Please fill in this page again for your attention) _! 丨 Order ----- i.line-Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B8 C8 D8 6. The scope of patent application is replaced by the reference image part The second image formed from the first image. 12. The method of claim U in the scope of patent application, which further includes the following steps: positioning another bubble on the other part of the first image, corresponding to The second image, another bubble has a second contrast with respect to the first image; the reference image has a portion corresponding to another portion of the first image; and another portion of the reference image replaces the other ~ The third image formed from the first image is used. Π. If the method of the scope of patent application No. I2, the step of forming the third image further includes the following steps: Replace the first image by the reference image part Part of it is the second image formed from the first image. 14. For the method of applying for the scope of the patent No. 12, in which the first pair is relatively large compared to the second. 15. For the method of applying for the scope of the patent No. 12, where The first comparison includes the absolute value of the difference between at least one pixel 値 in the first image part and at least one pixel 参考 in the reference image part. 16. The method of claim 15 in the scope of patent application, wherein the first The ratio of the second series includes the absolute difference between at least one pixel 另一 in another part of the first image and at least one pixel 另一 in another part of the reference image. "17. The method according to item 11 of the patent application, wherein The step of the reference image includes the step of implementing an image processing function on the first image. 18. The method of item 11 in the scope of the patent application, in which the image is applied at 3 paper scales China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) _ _ ____I I II__I ^ __ I I (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order --------- line 0Q88O0 ABCD Economy Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Intellectual Property, Consumer Cooperation Du printed 6. The steps of applying the patent scope rationality function include the step of implementing a fuzzy operator on the first image. 19. For the method of applying for the scope of patent application item u, where the image processing function is implemented The steps include the step of performing a sliding operation element on the first image. 20. The method of item u in the scope of patent application further includes a step of characterizing the bubble. 21. The method of claim 12 which further comprises the step of characterizing another bubble. 22. The method of claim u in the patent application scope further includes the following steps: before the step of forming a second image from the first image, implementing an image processing function on the first image. 23. If the method of applying for the scope of the patent item U ', wherein the step of positioning the bubble in the first image includes the step of limiting the first image ° 24. If the method of applying for the scope of the patent area 12' where 'is in the The step of positioning the bubble in one image includes the step of activating the first image in the first threshold; and the step of positioning the other bubble in the first image includes the activation of the second threshold. In the two image steps, the second threshold is lower than the first threshold. 25. A system for positioning the bubble on the image. The system includes: a reference shield for forming a bubble from the image Image shield unit 'This bubble reference shield contains part of the image with the first bubble' if possible; 4 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ) ------------ /% --------- Order --------- Line (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page > A. The scope of patent application-a reference unit for forming a reference image from an image, and the reference image corresponds to the reference unit; (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-use the corresponding image part of the reference image to replace the inclusion A correction unit for forming a correction image from the image in the image portion of the first image; and a positioning unit for positioning the second bubble in the image in response to the correction image. · 26_—A computer program product for a system including a plurality of processors for positioning a bubble in an image. Each of the plurality of processors can be classified into a super-suitable group of processors. The computer program product includes : A computer-readable memory containing: a number that directs the first set of processors to form a bubble reference shield from the image, this bubble reference shield contains ~ part of the image containing the first bubble , If possible; guide the second group of processors to form a digital reference image from the image, and the reference image corresponds to the image; guide the third group of processors to replace the image portion containing the first image by the corresponding image portion of the reference image to Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Digital Economy, which forms the corrected image from the image; and directs the fourth set of processors to set the second bubble in the digital image in response to the corrected image. 5's Zhang scale is suitable for the use of Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (X 297 public love)