TW385399B - A kind of management device and method for multi-stacks - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of management device and method for stacks which employs a frame stack to process the multi-stacks of processing system and the associated stack pointer data. The invented stack management unit employs a main stack and a sub-stack to comprise a frame stack; and employing abackground pop/push detecting unit to decide whether the main stack occurred overflow or underflow. When the main stack occurred overflow or underflow, the background pop/push detecting unit can control the transmission of ""partial stacks"" between the main stack and sub-stack with no need to stop the operation of the processing system.

Description

V. Description of the invention (1) A7 B7 Printed by the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an invention related to the stacking management unit, especially the combination of the multiple stacking in the — ### management unit. A main frame stack to manage to reduce the extra burden of system management. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In a stack machine, a FILO (First In Last Out) data storage device (for example, a stackman) is mainly used as a mechanism for storing and storing data. Such a device can be Keep a lot of data. The instruction execution system will automatically take out one or more operands at the front of the stack to perform the required operation, and return the result to the top of the stack after the operation is completed. Data in the stack is accessed through a stack of indicators. In the data stack, the stack pointer points to the last piece of data at the end of the data stack. This position is also called the top of the stack (T0p 0f Stack). The reason for this is that the access of the stack is based on this position. For example, when the system needs to perform one, "addition", the two transport elements D1, D2 will be taken out of the data stack (p0p), and then m, D2 will be sent to the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) ) To perform the addition operation, and obtain an operation result D, D 'will be returned (stored) (pushed) to the data stack. Therefore, in a stacking machine, each instruction may change the contents of the stack. When tf material is stored in or removed from the stack, the stacking index will automatically increase or decrease to point to an available stacking space. I 'show-(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 4 * · (

This paper ^ 圏 Sample home rate (CNS) A7 B7 Printed by the Central Consumers' Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, V. Description of the Invention (1) Since data stacks are often registered to design data stacks, you can Use register. With this design, if the access to all the components is completed (stacking overflow '〇VerfW), the stacking register is moved to the subordinate by using the register stacking towel, _ = less—a piece of data from which Discuss in detail), this girl's red: storage space t (the access time in the following style will be longer than the temporary register. It is sufficient when = device data is exhausted-) β In order to make the operation, the system There will be a data from _ 记 '__tentative material pile 4. The processing of over-overflow and under-stacking of this recording can be regarded as material __ Wai Zhen Dan, because it has nothing to do with program execution, but an additional processing action of the system. In addition to data stacking, a stacking machine also contains other storage areas that operate in a stacking manner, such as: return stacks that store return addresses, area variable stacks that store variables (iocai variabie), and so on. Each of these stacks has a stack index, which points to the beginning of the stack. When you want to access these stacks, you can use its stack index k as the starting address. For example, if you want to access the fourth data of this stack, you can use the following formula to calculate its data position: E4SA, = SAP + (0V.x4); where: E4sa is the starting position of the fourth data;

Sap is the stacking index value (stacking start position); this paper ruler meets the "National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) --------- '^^ .-- (Please (Read the notes on the back before filling out this page)

1T Γ A7 ____ · _B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ον is the offset (relative to the length of each material in the stack); in an object-oriented system The stacking machine manages its multiple stockings in units of activation records. When an object calls another object, an activity record is generated. When the execution of the new object ends, the activity record generated by it will also be deleted. Therefore, when a new activity record is generated, each stacked indicator will also change to point to a new address, and when this activity record is deleted, the indicator will return to its original position when the object was not called. As mentioned above, a stacking machine often contains several stacks of different types of data, and these stack management methods affect the performance of the system. The more time the system spends on managing the stack, the less time it can use to execute the program. Therefore, how to manage the stack most efficiently with the least system time is the focus of the present invention. In previous studies by others, The earliest is to put all the stacks in the memory, because the memory access is too slow, often making the system poor. Then in some systems designed to run Forth (a stack-based language), 'someone uses a register to store data stacks to improve system performance', but it is not enough to just harden the data stack. A local variable is also a piece of data that is often accessed in a stacked machine. Storing it in memory can greatly reduce system performance. Beyond that, the previous Rib11 machine did not propose a method to effectively deal with stack overflow or understack. Wheat paper size, using China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) ------------ ^ Packing-(Please read the precautions on the back first and fill out this page) Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives A7 B7 _ 'V. Description of the Invention (屮) In the method research of overflow or inadequacy caused by temporary storage or stocking, one method is to reduce the instruction set system Rise Method used by π. Its architecture also includes a stack of multiple registers and an auxiliary storage space composed of a memory. When a stack overflow occurs, RISC II will store a temporary register of a fixed number of registers. The data of the window is moved to the attached storage space. The problem with this method is that in the process of processing stack overflow, the system program execution must be suspended 'until the stack overflow is processed, which will cause a large processing load on the system. Figure 1 shows another method proposed in US Patent No. 5,107,457. The main content of the patent is shown in Figure 1. 'One stacking index using stack index 110, stack overflow index 120, and under stack index 130, and A second stack (not shown on the picture, assuming that the current stack address is set to 140A to 140L, as shown in the figure 'where 140A is the first position of the stack, on the other hand it is the next position of 140L') During stacking operation, suppose that the stack overflow indicator 120—at the beginning, points to an address of 140L, and the understack indicator 130 points to 140D »Whenever a piece of data is stored in the stack 100, the stack indicator 110 moves forward by one position. When the stack indicator When 110 hits the stack overflow index 120 due to a deposit of data, the system has a stack overflow. "In this case, both the stack overflow index 120 and the stack under 130 are increased by 1. At the same time, the original data of 1408 It is also moved to the second stack. On the contrary, if the stacking indicator 110 hits the under stacking indicator 130 due to the fetching of data, an under stacking occurs, and all actions will be opposite to those previously described. In this case, the stack overflow index 120 and the stack under 13 are both reduced. _________-6 · This paper is applicable ---- --------- f pack 丨 | (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page for further information), • 17 Printed A7 _B7 τ printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives of China ’s Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (5) 1. At the same time, a piece of data is transferred from the second stack to the stack 100, such as this The data is stored in the second stack at address 104A. A similar method is mentioned in "Stack Computer: The Net Wave" by Philip J. Koopman, except that when the stack is insufficient / overflow, it is moved once. The difference between the data of the half stack is the biggest difference between the present invention and the previous stacking systems described above. Each stacking (data stacking, return stacking, regional stacking, etc.) of each previous stacking system requires a separate management mechanism The present invention provides a device to manage multiple stacks to reduce the extra burden of stack management. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an intelligent multi-stack management unit. This unit stacks the data in multiple stacks in a main frame. Part of the main frame (frame portion), each main frame stack is managed by a dynamically generated activity record. In addition, the present invention uses a main stack and an auxiliary stack to form the entire main frame stack The present invention also utilizes a spill / fill detection unit and a control unit in combination with a stack overflow / understack limit flag to handle stack overflow and understack conditions. This entire device can be used without stopping the system Under normal execution conditions, when the stack overflows or the stack is insufficient, the data is automatically moved in the main stack and the auxiliary stack appropriately. The control unit manages the main frame when the program executes the call and return instructions. The stacking indicator. For example, 'When the program executes a call instruction, the system will generate a new main frame, and the stacker standard (〇 Mi) 8 4 specifications (210. «≪ 297 mm) pointing to each part of the main frame Λ, 衮-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order Α7 Β7 Printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the Consumer Cooperatives V. Description of the invention (6) b of the index register will be modified due to program control , B the original 4 old stacking index values will be sequentially stored in the return stocking. The new stacking index value points to the newly generated part of the main frame stacking area of the stack memory. Conversely, when the program executes the return instruction, it will act in the opposite direction, that is, from the return stack, the old stack index values stored last time will be taken out and stored in the heap day index register (register). The detailed operation will be described later. The invention calculates the usage of the main stack data, and sets the upper and lower limits. When the main stack data usage exceeds the upper limit or less than the lower limit, the stack overflow or insufficient occurs relatively. At this time, a certain amount of data will be used. Teleport in main stack and sub stack. The present invention reduces the extra burden caused by previous techniques that required separate management of each stack. In addition, we do not deal with stack overflows or underflows without stopping the execution of the system to improve the overall system performance. Brief description of the drawings In order to make the number, features, and advantages of the present invention obvious and obvious, only a preferred embodiment is given, and the present invention is described in detail with the accompanying drawings: FIG. 1 is a Previous techniques used to deal with stack overflows and underfills. Figure 2 illustrates how to combine multiple stacks into a main frame to simplify stacking. Management architecture block diagram β Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a main frame management device of a stack management unit of the present invention. (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) ./--¾-* This paper is an official website of the Net of ^ (CNS) (21 () > < 297 male thin) V. Description of the invention (A7 B7 Printed by the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives. Figure 4 is an example of the structure of the main frame stacking of the present invention, that is, the main frame stacking is a combination of the main stack and the auxiliary stacking. An embodiment of a stack overflow / underrun detection mechanism. Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating how the present invention is connected to a pipelined central processing unit. Figure 7 is an embodiment of a stack management unit of the present invention. Details of the invention The description in Figure 2 explains how to combine previous multi-stack systems into one main frame to simplify stack management. As shown in the figure, N stacks (assuming the stack system has multiple stacks from stack 1 to stack N) A stacking system is shown in the upper half of Figure 2. Each stack is composed of an indefinite number of partial main frames, and each partial main frame may store zero or more data (not shown in the figure. Programs vary). In this example, the heap 1 contains two main frames of laWb, which respectively represent the main frame and are commanded to be piled in the heap. Similarly, 'stack 2 contains some of the main frame and "knives are the main frames a and b. Similarly, the two main frames Na and Nb are also included. Each pile # has its own Jane, for example, the stack ^ is the standard stack, the second stack has the index 2, and the same is true for the N stack. #… In all the stacks, the Nth stacking material = the stacking index of the stack points to the last piece of data in the stack. The stacking index of the stack points to the beginning of the stack. Counties (CNS) (2ωχ297 公 餐 1 Hi ...... I .....- I II-I 1 ί 1 (锖

• m I V. Description of the invention (? A7 B7 As shown in the lower half of the figure 2, we use the main frame as the processing unit to combine the various main frames that belong to the same main frame in the main frame stack 20 For example, as shown in Fig. 2, all the main frames consisting of a main frame from la, 2a, 3a, ... to Na are combined, and then stored in the main frame stack 20 in the form of a v main frame. A main frame is the basic management unit of the present invention. When a new main frame is generated (generated by a call instruction), for example, the main frame, the b " system arranges an area in the main stack. This area contains all All the data stored in the original stack 1, 2, 3, ... to N, and this main frame area stores the last stack (as shown in stack N in Figure 2) is the data stack, and its stacking index points to the last of the main frame in this part The end of the data. If the access method of the stack is used, the 'end of the main frame is the top of the stack (top 0f stack), so the lean stack index also points to the top of this main frame. In the following discussion, we The main frame or part will be called the top of the stack The tail of the box is the position pointed by the indicator of the main frame Nb as shown in Figure 2. Therefore, this indicator Nb is also referred to as the top of the stack, referred to as TOS (Top Of Stack). The other N-1 The indicators of some main frames all start from the beginning of some main frames. --------- (袈-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The details of the stack management system printed by the employee consumer cooperative will be described later. 'Here are some examples to illustrate Figure 2. For example, if the main frame " a' has 10 data in the data stack Man 'stack management system will allocate ten Data space in the stack N to part of the main frame " Na ". In the main frame V, there may be 6 regional variables, and the regional variables are stored in stack 1 as part of the main frame " la " The data space of "la" is 6; there is a return address, which is stored in the stack 2 as part of the main frame "2a". The main frame "b" may have 8 data, and it is stored as part of the stack N -10-Order ruler and application of Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 B7 Member of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Industrial and consumer cooperatives 'printing V. Description of the invention (Xi) The main frame' W, then some of the main frame "Nb " has an oblique space of 8 d, and then the king vertebra" b "has no regional variables and therefore does not occupy any stacking. The main frame " b "may have a return address, so it takes up 1 stack 2 space to become part of the main frame " 2b ". Main frame Wang and 1 > of each part of the main frame >: The teenagers are different according to their actual conditions. In our invention, the space allocated to the main frame " a "is equal to the sum of all the spaces of some main frames la, 2a, ... to Na. FIG. 3 is a specific embodiment of a main frame management device 30. According to the stack management unit of the present invention, the index registers 1 to N store the index values of all parts of the main frame of the last main frame (the topmost main frame), and the register data is stored or retrieved by The control signal 31 sent from the processor (not shown) controls the control unit 36 to complete. When the processor reads data from the main frame stack, for example, from the main frame "b" and the main frame "b" in Figure 2 The stacking indicators of the main frame of each part are read out from the corresponding index register (PTR registers). In particular, the control unit 36 responds to the control signal 31 and sends out a read signal 32 to control data retrieval. After receiving the readout signal 32, the register 33 sends the stacking indicator of the main frame “b” in the indicator register to the control register (not shown) via the bus 37. Then the stacking indicators of the main frame of each part of the "main frame" are taken out by a return stack and written into the corresponding index register. In particular, the control unit 36 sends a write signal 34 and the register 35 receives After writing the signal 34, the stack index of the main frame "a" is taken out from the stack and returned to the index register. In one embodiment of the present invention, the stack index of the main frame "a" may be stored as the main frame " b " part of the main frame. In this way, when the main paper is applicable to the Chinese standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm) ---------- ^ ^ — (Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) -IT- V. Description of the invention (丨 ο) Mark ==: Γ: Main frame ,, 'Read main frame, " Originally referred to as handler call-New main frame When, for example, ❹H, the stacking marks of the main frames of each part are correspondingly displayed. In particular, the control unit 36 calls ㈣Μ 益 益 1f reads 32 to control the retrieval of data. 蕲 六 Γ makes a mirror 31 and sends out a read signal method Row 37 fresh material temporary storage. After receiving the read * signal 32, after the exchange = 37, the main frame " a „stacked in the index register __— returned, tJe, hi, the stacking index of the main frame of each part of the main frame b is controlled by the control register to enter the Shanghai Select State VI. ^ S-1, ^ The horse is entered into the temporary storage state of the deduction mark. In particular, the control sends a writer signal 34, the register 35 is purely written after the person signal 34, and the stack 4 of the main frame, V is difficult to be temporarily stored ^ and sent to the pure register. The Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints an example for illustration, in- In an object-oriented system, the execution of object "a" may generate a main frame " a " 'and the execution of object' V may generate a main frame ,, b ". When an existing object, the execution of a "calls a new object " b ", the object " a " issues a command: · 'calling object b". The processor responded to this command and issued a series of "?", For example: (1) Store the index of the object "a " in the return stack of the object, b ", (2) Add the index of the object a" to one The displacement number is used to calculate the index of the object b "; and (3) the index register (PTR 1 to PTRN) is updated with the calculated new value (" b ,, "the index value). Although each index register and the corresponding control register are the same for the hardware circuit, the PTR N (for example, the index of the main frame of the data part) points to the end of the data N of the top main frame of the main frame stack 4. Therefore, ptr N also points to the TOS position of the main frame stack. The main frame of the data part is accessed in a stacking manner. When the data is to be retrieved, the data is retrieved from the end of the main frame of the data part. -12-This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 ^ g_ (21QX297). Economic A7 B7 printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Ministry of Health and the Central Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ("), and the main frame index of the data section moves backwards to point to the next data position. When you want to save data, the data is the end of the main frame of the stored data section, and the indicator of the main frame of the data section moves forward to point to this new data position. For other indicators that are not part of the main frame of the π data section (hereinafter referred to as the main frame of the non-data part) (for example: PTR 1 to PTR N_l), they all point to the beginning of the main frame of each corresponding part. -The main frame of the data part is accessed in a heap method, and because the main frame of the non-data part may have multi-elements, no matter when reading or writing a certain element, It uses the stacking index of the main frame of the non-data part plus an element displacement value to operate. An example is as follows. When an element of the main frame of the non-data part is to be accessed, the processor provides an index name and a displacement value to the control unit. The index name points to the non-data stack to which the element belongs, and the displacement The value indicates to the control unit the storage location of this element relative to the indicator of the main frame of the non-data part. The control unit first obtains the value stored in the indicator register corresponding to the indicator name, then adds the obtained value to the displacement value, and accesses the element with the added value. In a conventional system, each stack has its own stack management system to manage it. Therefore, some individual stack management systems are needed to support system operation. This duplication of management will seriously reduce system performance. The present invention manages elements from different stacks in a partial main frame manner, and then integrates these partial main frame groups into a main frame group to manage a main frame stack. Individual elements are managed in a main frame manner. -13 of the present invention-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) --------- f equipment ---- --ir-r ---- f (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Central Bureau of Shellfisher Consumer Cooperatives% 5. Invention Description (il) Low system caused by the need to manage individual stacks The negative of this can improve the processing performance of the system. The system will be called the stacking organization of the present invention with the main frame stacking. Some of the main frames inside the frame are physically located in individual stacks, such as stacks I to N shown in the figure. An example of the first invention is shown in Figure 4. 'I-main stack 41 (for example: temporary storage stack) and one-time stack 42 (for example: one = main financial wealth === can be: = =? Memory to achieve 'The cache memory is stored in the processor B or in a separate chip. The main heap $ fixed size', for example, based on the execution characteristics of the program, can be selected by either overflow or H f ' Moderate use of the main = road: = item one ^ when the main heap is private, the overflow or partial recording is stored in the secondary stack 42-generally located in the access time longer than the main stack read access The Weibu second material 42 can be located, for example, when the magnetic storage device, optical storage device, or other suitable multi-capacity storage device program is executed, the number of stored main frames will be randomly changed because it is taken out from the silk stack = stored in the main frame 'So, the main stack 41 will have overflow or insufficient. In the main frame stack 4G structure, the first part of the main frame may be located at the bottom of the main stack day 41, but the second part of the main frame -14-Bookbinding ^^ Wm ^ m iCNS) A4mr (2l'〇x297 ^) '

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (丨 Multiple): It may be located at the top of the under stack 42 (for example: main frame X), which may be due to the overflow or insufficient of the main stack 41 , Caused by the resulting pile / fill (spill / fill) action. Whenever there is data in the main frame stack, at least one main frame is stored in the main stack, so that the processor can quickly access the data. In the traditional stack, 'the program will stop executing when it overflows or underruns', and the processor needs to deal with the stack overflow or underruns. The present invention can overcome this shortcoming, and does not need to temporarily stop the normal execution program of the system processor when processing the stack overflow or shortage. Fig. 5 is an overflow / underrun detection circuit 50 of the present invention. A limit ^ 51 is defined according to the requirements of the system. The limit table 51 may store one or more sets of overrun and underrun limit values. Overflow and underrun thresholds are used to determine whether register stacks', such as the main stack 41 in Figure 4, are overrun or underrun. Part of the main frame of the current activity record (for example, the part of the main frame last stored in the main frame stack) should be placed in the main stack. In order to ensure this, the undercutting value should be chosen to be equal to or greater than the size of the current activity record. The limit selector 52 is used to select an overflow and underlimit value. With the execution of the program, the limit selector 52 will dynamically select the overflow and underlimit value. The selection method will be based on, for example, the number of subroutine calls / returns. Or frequency 'rate and other program execution characteristics "For example,' if the current insufficient limit value is smaller than the current main frame size ', the limit selector 52 will select a new insufficient limit value from the limit table 51. The selected limit values are placed in the overflow limit register || 53 and the under limit register 54 respectively. ___-15-Fix the household standard rate from CNS (CNS > Μ Secret (2! 〇x 297 male thin) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this X) ------ (Install ----- --- Light--r Λ Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 _____ B7 V. Description of the invention (丨 points) Stack top (TOS) register 55 (will be detailed in the following paragraph), pointing to the main stack Subjected to the most temporary location of 1§ (for example: the end of a data element) β and the bottom of stack (BOS) register 56 points to the oldest element in the main stack (for example: part of the main frame, part of the main frame One character, etc.), the number of registers from the value of Tos to the value of BOS is equal to the number of registers used in the current main stack 41. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main stack (See Figure 4). Therefore, the usage of the main stack 41 can be calculated using the TOS value and the BOS value. In one embodiment of the present invention, the TOS value can be K + 1 bits, where The MSB bit is T, while the other bits (LSBs) are TOS values. The BOS value can be K + 1 bits, where the MSB bit is '0' and the other bits (lsBs) are 305. Value The overflow / underrun detection circuit 50 generates a data control signal to indicate whether it needs to be stacked from the main stack or to be filled in the sub-stack. In particular, when the use of the main stack 41 exceeds the overflow limit register, When the overflow limit value in 53 is reached, a background signal 58 (stacking signal) will be sent, and this stacking signal will start a stacking / filling system (detailed later). This stacking / filling The system will send one or more elements existing in the oldest primary frame in the primary stack from the primary stack 41 to the secondary stack barrier 42. In this way, the component will be stored in the secondary stack. This stack out / fill The input system will continue to be executed in the background until the use of the scratchpad in the main stack 41 is below the overflow limit. Similarly, when the use of the main stack 41 is less than or equal to the insufficient limit value, the system will send out A filling signal 59 is received by the stacking / filling system. -16-This paper size adopts the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) " " ~~ '------- --- S. Loading-- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order A7 B7

V. Description of the Invention (When K is filled in the signal, one or more elements of a main frame in the sub-stack will be taken out. These removed main frame elements will be sent from the sub-stack 42 to the bottom of the multi-stack 41 'until the main stack 41 The use amount of the intermediate register is higher than the insufficient limit value. Fig. 6 is a circuit embodiment of the present invention. This circuit connects a main stack 71 to a pipeline processing system. In this embodiment, two systems can access the support. · Stack 71, a pipeline central control unit (cpu, not shown in the figure) can use a pipeline address bus 72 and a pipeline data bus 73 to access the US stack 71. To accelerate the pipeline CPU to the main stack 71 For access, the main stack 71 can be implemented with a multi-register memory. In one embodiment, the main stack 71 can have two read ports and one write port. In this way, when calculating It is allowed to take out two elements from the main stack 71 at the same time, and it is allowed to write the calculation result.

— • m In «in — ^^ 1 m tm \ g〆---nn / -4¾ π # First call please poor rhyme M 法 意 # 承 ^ 定 痛 本 'iaO The stack management unit 74 of the present invention is shown in the figure As shown in FIG. 6, the stack management unit 74 controls the transmission of one of the main frame, part of the main frame, and elements in the main frame between the main stack barrier 71 and the sub-stack 75. The pipeline CPU and the stack management unit 74 transmit an address to the main stack 71 through an address interconnection network (ICN) 76. The main stack 71 and the sub-stack 75 are transmitted to each other through a main frame internet path 77, and the pipeline CPU also fetches or stores data into the main stack 71 via this main frame internet path 77. FIG. 7 is a pipeline processing system with a stack management unit according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, a main frame stack includes a main stack 81 and a primary stack 82, and a stack out / fill detection unit 8 3 and a stack out / fill control system 84 control the main stack 81 and the secondary stack. Transmission between stacks 82. 17-Sheets and papers are applicable to China's Gujiazheng Standard (CNS) Α4 · (2 敝 297 printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the People's Republic of China) A7 _B7 V. Description of Invention (k) In operation, the processing system is based on the current system The resource usage sends out a control signal 86. After receiving the control signal 86, the control unit 85 sends a signal 87 to the limit selector 92 through the buffer 88 as a response. At the same time, the buffer is also received via a bus 90 A synchronization signal 89 from the control register (not shown), the limit selector 92 and the over / under limit value 93 are transmitted to the stacking / filling detection unit 83. Furthermore, a 'TOS register 96 And a B0s register 97 send a TOS signal 94 and a BOS signal 95 to the stacking / filling unit respectively. A link register 101 is responsible for maintaining the last element stored in the sub-stack The address of TOs contained in the TOS register 96 in the main stack, and the start address of the oldest main frame currently in the main stack in the BOS register 97. Now The number of registers used in the main stack 81 can be determined by subtracting TOS from B0s When the number of temporary registers exceeds the overflow threshold or falls below the threshold, the stack / fill control system 84 sends a main stack control signal 98 to the main stack 81. At the same time, the stack / fill control system also Send a primary stack control signal 99 to the secondary stack 82. Elements such as' will be transmitted between the primary stack 81 and the secondary stack 82 in response to the primary stack control signal 98 and the secondary stack control signal 99 »and when an overflow / When the shortage is detected, the amount of data transmitted by the stacking / injecting device is not quantitative, for example, one, two, four characters, etc. (2n characters) can be transmitted at one time. In one embodiment of the present invention In the system, the system can support a large number of transmission modes to transmit more than two characters. -18-This paper size is suitable for CNS) 8 secrets (210X297 mm). Clothing-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) * 1T. V. Description of the Invention (Η)-Multiple transmissions-more characters can reduce the transmission time, and can use more transmission width to complete the transmission of one transmission-one character is the most conservative way. Receive multiple transfer instructions to complete the stack Operation as < 3 effectively takes the rotating excellent transmission may be determined via simulation software, and the number of transmission links will also affect the size of the register 1〇1. In the main frame stacking architecture where 4-byte characters are read and bits are used for addressing, 'One-time stacking / filling-in one character system can use a 3-bit byte to link temporary storage benefits to provide Primary stack and secondary stack-4_byte alignment ^ and a system that stacks / fills 2 characters at a time can use a 29-bit link register to provide 8_bits Group alignment. A system that stacks / fills four characters at a time can use a 28-bit link register to provide 16-bit alignment, and so on. Printed by the Central Workers' Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives ^ ^-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) In a system that handles overflow conditions, the main stack piles up ^ characters (for example, · 2n characters) 'All characters at addresses BOS to BOS + L-1 are moved to the secondary stack' and the address in the BOS register becomes bOS + L. In the case of shortage, the main stack is filled with L characters from the secondary stack. These characters are filled in the main stack addresses B0S-1 to BOS-L, and the address in the BOS register becomes BOS-L. . In a pile-out / fill-in operation, the main stack 81 receives a BOS signal from a BOS register 97, and the stack receives one from the link register 101 for stacking / filling operation data indicators. These signals direct one of the main stack 81 and the secondary stack 82 to call / return. -19-(CNS) A4ijys · (210X297mm) I > A7 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 V. Description of the Invention (δ) The stack management unit disclosed in the present invention will process multiple stacks of the system Combined into a main frame stack. This main frame stack can be managed by a single stack management unit, thus reducing the time to process stack elements and improving the overall performance of the processing system. In addition, the present invention uses a stack of background programs to process stack overflow / underfill. Therefore, it is not necessary to stop the processor when processing stack overflow / underfill, so the system efficiency is further improved. Although the present invention is disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications and decorations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Depart from the patentable scope of the invention. --------- f Pack II (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order 20 This paper size is applicable to National Standards (CNS) Α · 4 specifications (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Αδ-Β8 C8, D8々, patent application scope 1. A stack management device, which includes: A main frame stack, composed of a plurality of temporary register stacks, where the storage is relatively The " part of the main frame π and the plural stacking index data, and wherein the plural part of the main frame constitutes a main frame, and each of the plural stacking index data indicates a relative value in the plural register stack The position of the main frame of the part; a stacking index register 1 is used to store the data of the plural stacking index to the main frame stack when the operation is called, and when the operation returns to the action, the main frame stack is used to take out the plural number Stacking index data; and a control unit for controlling the main frame when operating a calling action • ..-·--storage of the main frame in the stack, and controlling the plurality of stacking indicators in the stack index register Data storage, and used to retrieve the stacking index data stored in the stacking index register when the operation returns. The main box. 1 2. The stacking management device described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the main frame is one of a plurality of main frames; wherein the main frame stacking is used to store the plurality of main frames, and each of the plurality of main frames is The frame has a plurality of partial main frames and a relative plurality of stacking index data; wherein the plurality of temporary register stacks are used to store each of the plurality of partial main frames of each of the plurality of main frames; and The stacking index register is used to store a plurality of stacking index data of the plurality of main frames relative to a topmost main frame during an operation call and a return operation. (Packing-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ΪΤ- Γ nfflt tn It—— · -21-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) As described in item 2 of the scope of the patent of claim 4, in each, the number of the plural and the plural main frames is the same. • The stacking management device according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein each of the plurality of partial main frames in the main frame stack is large, and is stored in the plurality of partial main frames. The number of per-relative plural elements is determined. "As described in the application of the" Daytime Patent Consumption Circumstance No. 1 Device for Heap Management ", wherein the first pile of index data of the plurality of index data is marked-as opposed to the first part of the main frame of the plural part The tail of the main frame, and the first part of the main frame is a data portion main frame; further, a second pile of index data of the plurality of piled index data indicates a first phase of the plurality of pieces of the main frame. The beginning of the two-part main frame, and the second knife main frame is a part of the main frame other than the data part main frame. 6. The stacking management device described in item 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein each of the The first stacking index data of the plural stacking index data of the plurality of main frames indicates a tail end of the first part of the main frame opposite to the plural part of the main frame, and the first part of the main frame is a data part of the main frame, and each The first stacking index data of the plurality of stacking index data of the plurality of main frames indicates the top of each of the plurality of main frames; further, among them, the second stacking index of the plurality of Egypt stacking index assets of each of the plurality of main frames. Information Shows the beginning of the second part of the main frame opposite to the main part of the plural part, and the second part of the main frame is a part of the main frame other than the main part of the data part. (CNS) A4 size (210X297mm) V till In lilt · f installation I ------- irr ---- ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives. Printed by the Consumer Standards of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Printed by A8 · B8 C8, D8. 6. Patent application scope. 7. The stacking management device described in item 5 of the patent scope, where the main frame is stacked. After storing the rest of the plurality of stacking index data and the rest of the plurality of main frames, the first stacking index data and the first part of the main frame are stored. 8. The stacking management device according to item 5 of the scope of patent application, wherein The first part of the main frame is composed of more than one data element, and the control unit is used to store one or more data elements at the end of the first part of the main frame when the operation returns. Take that first Part of the main frame is used to change the first stack indicator data so that the label is next to one of the data elements of the first part of the main frame; and the control unit is used to input a The new data element goes to the end of the first part of the main frame to access the first part of the main frame, and is used to change the first stacking index data so that the mark is toward the end of the new data element. The stack management device described in the fifth item, wherein the control unit is used to operate the second stack indicator data and a "non-data" element being accessed during operation call and return actions. Offset value to access the second part of the main frame. 10. A stacking management unit, comprising: a main frame stack consisting of a plurality of temporary register stacks, and used to store a plurality of main frames, each of which has a plurality of main frames, wherein , Each of the plurality of register stacking systems becomes a primary stack and a secondary stack, and each part of the main frame is composed of many elements; and -------- ^ 袈-(Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again) ir -23-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 8 88 8 ABCD Printed by the Consumer Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The overflow / underrun detection unit is used to detect the number of all elements stored in the main stack, and when the detected number exceeds an overflow limit value, a bunch of output signals are generated, and when this detection When the obtained number is lower than an insufficient limit value, an infill signal is generated, in which the main frame stack responds to the received out signal, and a preset number of elements are moved from the main stack to the substack, and wherein the main frame The response received by the stack response For the incoming signal, move the preset number of elements from the secondary stack to the primary stack. 11. The stack management unit as described in item 10 of the scope of patent application, wherein the overflow / underrun detection unit further includes: a limit table for outputting an overrun limit signal and an underrun limit signal; and The comparator is used to receive a top signal of a main stack (TOS), the top signal indicates a tail position of a last storage element in the main stack, and is used to receive a bottom signal (BOS) of the main stack, the bottom signal Mark the start position of one of the first stored elements in the main stack, and output an overflow or insufficient signal in response to the received TOS or BOS signal, respectively. 12. The stack management unit as described in item 11 of the scope of patent application, wherein the comparator further comprises: a TOS register to store the TOS signal; a BOS register to store the BOS Signal; a subtractor for receiving the -24 sent by the TOS register and the BOS register in response to the access operation of a pair of main stacks-(Please read the precautions on the back before reading (Fill in this page) This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) Printed by ABCD Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6. The patent application scope TOS signal and the BOS signal are used to generate a Usage signal, the usage signal indicates the number of all elements stored in the main stack, wherein the comparator compares the usage signal with the overflow limit signal or the under-limit signal to generate the stacks separately Out and fill in signals. 13. A stacking management unit, comprising: a main frame stack consisting of a plurality of register stacks and used to store a plurality of main frames, each of which has a plurality of main frames and an opposite one Plural stacking index data, the plural stacking index data indicating the position of the main frame of the plural part in the plural register stack, wherein each of the plural register stacks is a first subset (subset) for One of the plurality of main frames of the plurality of main frames is stored, and each of the plurality of temporary register stacks is a second sub-set for storing one of the plurality of stacking index data of the plurality of main frames; a plurality of stacking indicators is temporarily stored A device for storing the plurality of stacking index data relative to one of the topmost main frames of the plurality of main frames when an access operation of one of the main frame stacks is operated; and a control unit for controlling the most of the main frame stacks The top main frame is stored and used to control the storage of the relative plural stacking index data 'in the plural stacking index register when the main frame is stacked and a calling action is performed, and the main frame stacking is returned once the operation is performed. When returning to the action, use the relative multiple stacking indicator data stored in the multiple stacking indicator register to get the topmost main frame in the main frame stack. -25-This paper size applies to Chinese national standard (CNS> Α4 size (2〗 0 × 297mm) -------- 衮 ------ 17 ——.---- "(Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) 8 8 8 8 Printed by ABCD, Consumers Cooperative of Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs 6. Application for Patent Scope 14. Stack management unit as described in Application Scope 苐 13, each of which is plural A first stacking index data of the plural stacking index data of the main frame marks the end of a first part of the main frame relative to the plural part of the main frame, and the first part of the main frame is a data main frame, and each of them A second stacking index data of the plural stacking index data of the plural main frame marks the beginning of a second part of the main frame relative to the plural part of the main frame, and the second part of the main frame is a main frame of the data division part The outer main frame "15. The stacking management unit described in item 14 of the scope of patent application, wherein each of the plural main frames is stored in the control main frame after storing the rest of the plural stacking index data and some main frames. Before storing the first stack indicator data The first part of the main frame. 16. The stacking management unit according to item 15 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the call action is operated, the control unit adds a displacement to one of the plurality of main frames next to the topmost main frame. Frame of the first stacking index data to determine the first stacking index data of the topmost main frame, where the displacement is the size of the first part of the main frame of the topmost main frame, and when the operation returns to the action At that time, the control unit will stack the main frame to get the topmost main frame. 17. The stacking management unit described in item 13 of the scope of patent application, where each part of the main frame is composed of many elements And, the main frame stacking system includes: a main stack; and -26-this paper size adopts China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) --------- p clothing --- --- 1T -——.---- ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) A8 B8 'C8 D8 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs for the application of patent scope 1: People stacked' It is ordered that when the main pile of day occurs ~ The preset number of elements in the plural main frame-one of the bottommost main frame, will be transmitted to the secondary stack, and when the main stack occurs-the shortage is' stored in the plural primary Frame = the top main frame-a preset number of elements will be transferred back to the main stack. 18 ·-a stack management method, which includes the following steps: stacking-multiple temporary registers to form a main stack and The main frame is stacked once; temporarily, a plurality of partial main frames are in the plural 2 benefit stack, in which each-the part of the main frame is composed of many elements, and the number of all elements stored in the main stack exceeds-overflow. At the threshold value, a predetermined number of elements are passed from the main stack lane to the stack; and when the number of all elements stored in the main stack is lower than an insufficient limit value, one is transmitted from the secondary stack. A preset number of elements are stocked for the master. 19. The stack management method according to item 18 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a step of storing in the main stack-the starting position of the first character and storing the last character in the main stack. The tail position is -compared 'to determine the total number of characters in the main stack. ^) ^-(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order r -27-