TW379169B - Method of making compound resin foaming agents - Google Patents

Description

A7 _____ B7________ V. Description of the Invention (丨) [Technical Field of Invention] (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The present invention relates to buffers used for packaging of automotive parts, electrical parts, and food containers. Manufacturing methods of composite resin foams (hereinafter referred to as composite foams) in various fields such as wood, construction materials, and agricultural materials. In more detail, it is a composite foam that can replace a thermoplastic resin foam (hereinafter referred to as a resin foam), that is, a composition containing a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter referred to as a resin) and plant residues generated from food processing as a main component. Manufacturing method of composite foam with foam structure. [Background of the Invention] The food processing industry uses a large number of processed foods such as coriander, beans, seeds and the like to produce various kinds of food such as tofu 'oil, and produces a large amount of unwanted components of these foods, such as plant residues such as tofu residue and soybean residue. Some of these plant residues can be used as food, feed, fertilizer, etc., but most of them are discarded. In addition, due to the large amount of plant residues, disposal is difficult. It is therefore expected that plant residues will be effectively used as resources. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Commonly used in automotive parts, electrical parts, food containers, packaging buffers, building materials, agricultural materials, and other resin foams. After use, most of them are buried in the ground or incinerated. However, when buried in the soil, it remains in its original state because it is non-biodegradable, making it difficult to bury it. During the incineration process, black smoke or harmful gas pollution will be generated, and the natural environment will be damaged. Therefore, the incineration process is also difficult. Therefore, a resin foam capable of being easily discarded is required. This resin foam is produced by thermal decomposition to produce nitrogen or dioxo. This scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm). Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. A7 B7. V. Invention Explanation (2) _ ~ Thermal decomposition type foaming agent of carbonized gas (commonly known as chemical foaming agent), Fluon-1 1, Fluon-12, Fluon-1 14, etc. Foaming agents such as propane, butane, pentane and other petroleum-based foaming agents composed of low boiling point liquids or liquefied gases. However, the foaming agent is expensive, or special care must be taken during use, which makes it impossible to manufacture the resin foam safely and inexpensively. Therefore, it is proposed to use cheap and relatively safe water as a foaming agent (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5 9 — 1 7 2 5 3 1 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5 9 — 213738). For example, the method for manufacturing a resin foam disclosed in JP-A-Sho 59_ 1 7 2 5 3 1 is to stir and mix powdery granular resin with starch, flour, and other powdered materials at the melting temperature of the resin, and then melt the The mixture of resin and powder is cooled, coarsely pulverized, and then pulverized into porous aggregates. The porous aggregates are treated with an aqueous medium. After the pressure is melted and kneaded, the pressure is released to form a foam with an independent bubble structure. body. However, it is expensive due to the use of raw materials. The steps to form a porous aggregate are complicated. Porous aggregates are formed by partially melting resin powder and granules covered with powder. When treated with an aqueous medium, although water adheres to the pores between starch and resin powder, it is usually difficult. It is difficult to increase the foaming ratio to a higher foaming ratio than the amount of water equivalent to high foaming. Due to these problems, it is still not practical to use. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As a result of various reviews, it was found that plant residues can be used as the raw material of resin foams, and resin foams having an independent cell structure and easy disposal can be obtained. That is, the plant residue is organic matter and is easily mixed with the resin. The paper size of the plant is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (read the notes on the back of the book before filling in this page) < π A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The residue originally contains moisture , Stirring and melting with resin can evenly and finely disperse moisture in the molten resin. In addition, it is easy to adjust the amount of water in the plant residues. Since the plant residues are water-absorptive, it is easy to replenish moisture, and it is easy to obtain. When the water-containing plant residues are mixed with the powdered and granular resins, they are heated and melted with a molding machine to form a foam with less continuous air bubbles and almost uniform air bubbles. By adjusting the moisture content of the plant residue, the mixing ratio of the resin and the plant residue, etc., it is easy to change the expansion ratio, and it is also easy to change the mechanical properties such as rigidity and cushioning. The foam produced is made of resin and plant residue. A composite foam with a main component and similar mechanical properties to conventional resin foams can also be used as a substitute. Moreover, it has biodegradability, low heat generation, less black smoke or harmful gas, and easy disposal. The present invention was completed by reviewing the above results. The problem is to effectively use plant residues to provide a safe, cheap and simple manufacturing method. A method for a composite foam having a foam structure with resin and plant residues as main components. [Means of Solving the Problem] Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (read the precautions on the back of the first cabinet and fill out this page) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a mixture of granular resin and powder produced by food processing The plant residues, which are granular and water-containing, are heated and melted to knead, so that the water is finely dispersed in the molten resin between the plant residues. Thereby, continuous bubbles are prevented from being generated during foam molding, and a composite foam having a foam structure with many independent bubbles is formed. That is, the manufacturing method of the composite foam of the present invention is mainly composed of powdery granular resin and powdery and water-containing plant residues produced by food processing. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297). (Mm) _ 6-A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) The raw materials are stirred and mixed in a low temperature region lower than the softening temperature of the resin. This raw material is heated and melted and kneaded under pressure, and then foamed under reduced pressure. The raw materials are stirred and mixed in a low temperature region lower than the softening temperature of the resin, so that the plant residues are uniformly dispersed in the resin into fine particles, and then heated and melted to form finer particles uniformly dispersed in the molten resin. The water carried by the residue is finely dispersed in the molten resin. This part of the plant residue does not form a resin film when it is locally aggregated. In addition, the moisture accumulation of the plant residue generates a great vapor pressure, which destroys the surrounding resin film to form continuous bubbles. Therefore, it is ideal to fully stir and mix to avoid the local aggregation of plant residue. . Plant residues originally contained a lot of moisture, and it is ideal to adjust the moisture meter after use. When a high expansion ratio is set, water is added to increase water content after stirring and / or heating and melting. In other words, the dried plant residues are water-absorbing and absorb the added water. Thereby, the added water is also finely dispersed in the molten resin, and the occurrence of continuous bubbles is suppressed, and the expansion ratio can be increased. [Implementation Mode of the Invention] Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Read the notes on the back and then fill out this page) The following describes the embodiment of the invention. When manufacturing a composite foam, firstly mix the powdery granular resin and the powdery and moisture-containing plant residues produced by food processing at a predetermined ratio to prepare raw materials. This raw material is sufficiently stirred and mixed in a well-known mixer in a low temperature region lower than the softening temperature of the resin to uniformly disperse the plant residues in the resin. Next, the mixed raw materials are supplied to a known molding machine such as an extruder, injection molding machine, etc., and heated and melted under pressure to fully knead them so that the plant residues are uniformly dispersed in the molten resin. This paper applies Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X297 mm) -7-Printed by the Consumers Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Invention Description (5). Then, the molten mixture is formed into a predetermined shape by a mold forming mold or the like and foamed at the same time. The type of resin used can be conventionally used for plastic molding. For example, there are high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene-propylene copolymer, olefin resins (polyolefin resins) such as petroleum resins, and polybutadiene. Diene resins such as olefin, polyisoprene, vinyl resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, and acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate 'Styrenic resins such as polystyrene, propylene-styrene copolymer, propylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer, nylon-6, nylon-6, nylon-12, etc. For polyester resins such as ethylene phthalate. In particular, biodegradable resins include chemically synthesized resins such as polycaprolactone (trade name "Plaksel", etc., poly-2-D-pyroxypropionic acid (trade name, "Lacty", etc.), and Nobon (commodity (Name)), natural polymer resins, etc., are buried in the soil and decomposed in a short time, so they are easy to be discarded after use. The resin can be in the form of powder and granules. The powder is ideal, and it can also be granules. Resin can be used in combination of two or more types. Plant residues can be used as long as they are powdery, granular, and moisture-produced from food processing. Regardless of the type, they are used when processing foods using coriander, beans, and seeds. The pulverized granules produced are ideal. For example, wheat bran produced during wheat refining, plant stem powder, tofu residue produced during tofu production, tofu residue, fat-free defatted tofu residue, coffee residue, and rice refining Rice bran produced at the time, degreased rice bran degreased from rice bran, and the paper size produced during beer manufacturing is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)-8--· J ---; --- 'J —. ,, ίκ (please read the precautions before reading this page, and then fill out this page) Order printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 __B7 _ V. Description of the invention (6) Raw beer brewing, great oil extraction Bean dregs, flax dregs or maize dregs, sugared sugar dregs, soy sauce dregs, etc. Plant residues using soybeans such as defatted tofu dregs, soybean dregs are collectively referred to as soybean husks. These plant dregs are pulverized into powder and granules by processing steps. It can be used directly, but in order to match the degree of foaming, the type of resin to be mixed, and the physical properties required for the composite foam, etc., it can be pulverized and pulverized. It can also be used in combination of two or more plant residues. Plant residues The functional system has the function of a water carrier because it contains water, which makes the water finely disperse in the molten resin, and its main components include fat, protein, fiber, and coarse ash. The following functions are achieved. Fat system It has the functions of improving the moldability during molding, increasing the penetration of resin, and improving the dispersibility of resin residues to the resin. The content of plant residues is reasonably adjusted at 0_2 to 20% by weight. It is thought that 2 to 6% by weight is more ideal. When it exceeds 20% by weight, it is easy to separate or contaminate the mold protein. It has the function of improving the binding force to the resin after hot melting, and also has the function of the mixing ratio of plant residues to the resin. 5 to 40% by weight is more desirable, and more preferably 12 to 30% by weight. The resin with a tangled fiber melt has the function of making up the brittleness of the composite foam and improving the strength. The ideal content of plant residue is 3% by weight or more. 'It is more preferably more than 5% by weight. The coarse fraction has the function of an extender. The ideal content of the plant residue is 20% by weight or less, and more preferably 15% by weight or less. The coarse ash is an organic substance and a composite foam is used. After incineration, most of them are burned with only a small amount of residue (residual ash). Plant residues originally contained a large amount of water, for example, the husks contained about 80% water. Therefore, 'storage of plant residues should be used during storage, stirring, mixing, etc. & National Standards (CNS) of Japan (210X297 mm.) ^ -9-nn —Μ I; II n I n ^, -J (please read the notes on the back of E first, and then fill out this page) Printed by A7 __—__ B7_ ._ 5. Description of the invention (7) Dry and adjust to moisture 1 5 ~ 7 5% by weight. The amount of water in the whole material is set according to the degree of foaming, the type of resin to be mixed, and the physical properties required of the composite foam. Generally, the amount of water is increased when the expansion ratio is increased, and the amount of water is decreased when the expansion ratio is decreased. The amount of water for the whole raw material is basically based on the proportion of plant residues. When the proportion of plant residues is increased, the amount of water increases, and vice versa. If the proportion of plant residues is constant, adjust the moisture content of plant residues or add water with the set foaming ratio. In particular, when the expansion ratio is increased, it is desirable to add an appropriate amount of water after stirring and mixing the resin and plant residues and / or heating and melting. The blending ratio of resin and plant residues is set according to the degree of foaming, the type of mixed resin, and the physical properties required of the composite foam. Generally, when the foaming ratio is increased, the proportion of plant residues is increased, and vice versa. The proportion of residue. It varies depending on the moisture content of plant residues, but in general, the plant residue is 40 ~ 4 0 0 parts by weight (the ratio to the total amount is 2 8. 5 ~ 8 0 · 0 weight? 6) at 100 parts by weight of resin, ideal 0〜60. 0 重量 ％)。 6 0 ～ 200 parts by weight (37.5 to 66.7 wt%), more preferably 100 to 150 parts by weight (50. 0 ~ 60. 0 wt%). The resin and plant residues are stirred and mixed using a well-known mixer. The mixer can be a Henschel mixer (Mitsui Miike Co., Ltd.).

Super Mixer (SMG 1 0 0 manufactured by Kawata Seisakusho) and other high-speed mixers, and it is ideal to stir and mix sufficiently in a low temperature region below the resin softening temperature. After melting and kneading the raw materials after stirring, use a known forming machine, such as a twin-shaft extruder for kneading without discharge ports (HMT 57-40DSF manufactured by Hitachi Shipbuilding Industry). The paper standard made by Japan Steel is applicable to China. Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ~ -10-I —_ I. / &Quot; ^ 一 装 IIII Order — IIII — ^ '^ (Please read the note on the back before filling this page) Economy Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Work and Consumer Cooperatives A 7 ____ B7 Fifth, the invention description (8) TEX47F-20AW) and other sufficient mixing is ideally "full stirring and mixing can improve the dispersion of plant residues in the molten resin, That is, a fine dispersion of water may be added with a dispersion accelerator to promote dispersion. In order to improve the miniaturization and homogenization of air bubbles, nucleating agents such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, alumina, glass powder and other inorganic powders can be added. If necessary, resin additives such as oxidation inhibitors, surfactants, colorants, ultraviolet absorbers, and flame retardants can be added. The finished composite foam is manufactured in various shapes according to the molds and molding dies of the molding machine, and has a foam structure that uniformly forms fine, independent cells. It has almost the same mechanical properties as resin foams. The composite foam having a high expansion ratio has a thin skin layer on the surface, and has a surface hardness and strength equivalent to that of the material. It can also be used as a substitute for wood. A composite foam has characteristics that it cannot be expected for a resin foam to decompose in the soil. The plant residues in the composite foam are decomposed by corrosion. For example, a mixture of resin and plant residues is mixed at a weight ratio of 30 to 70. If the resin is polypropylene, the plant residues are all decomposed in about 6 months. When the resin is a biodegradable resin, it decomposes and disappears in a shorter period of time than a resin foam using a biodegradable resin. The resin is almost completely decomposed in about 3 months, and all decomposes and disappears in about 4 months. Therefore, the buried treatment of the composite foam does not require a large volume such as a resin foam, and the processing is easy. When it is burnt, the occurrence of black smoke or toxic gas is less, and the calorific value is lower. For example, a mixture obtained by blending polypropylene and shells at a weight ratio of 30 to 70, when a polypropylene resin foam is used, the calorific value is 12,000 ca / l, and the calorific value of the mixture is The size of this paper is about 1/2. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) is applicable. I ——————: I ~ III order IIII v meaning) VI y. Please fill in this page again for matters) -11-Printed A7 ____B7_ by the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (9) 6,020cal / g. Therefore, it is possible to suppress environmental pollution or damage caused by the combustion gas, and damage to the incinerator due to heat, and the incineration treatment is easier than the resin foam. [Examples] Specific examples will be described below. Each example uses wheat bran, plant stem powder, tofu residue, defatted tofu residue, coffee grounds, rice bran, defatted rice bran, and beer-derived plant residues. These plant residues and polypropylene are separately used,

Lacty (biodegradable resin), various resin combinations of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene are used as raw materials. Use 2 types of plant residues with different moisture contents. As the mixer, a high-speed mixer (S M G 100 manufactured by Kawata Seisakusho) was used. As the forming machine, a hybrid biaxial extruder without a discharge port as shown in the concept of FIG. 1 was used (TEX-3 0 manufactured by Nippon Steel). The biaxial extruder 1 for mixing shown in FIG. 1 is used to heat and melt the raw material W fed to the hopper 6 by the heat of the heater 5 provided on the outer periphery of the cylinder 2 and knead it forward with the spiral 4 to move the molten mixture M from A plastic mold 3 provided at the front end of the cylinder 2 is extruded and foamed. The mold 3 can be replaced according to the product. Examples 1 to 8 used polypropylene resins (P N 150G manufactured by Tokuyama, MI 15) as shown in Table 1, and the weight ratio of each resin residue to each plant residue was set to 40 to 60. For the foam molding, a mold of the aforementioned extruder having a 2 mm hole in the center was used. A hot knife was set at the front end of the mold to cut the extruded mixture into 40 to 100 mm. The temperature setting of the cylinder of the extruder is sequentially increased from the hopper side to the mold side. The maximum temperature is 14.5 ° C, the mold temperature is 150 ° C, and the temperature of the extruded mixture is 16 4 °. C. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (read «Read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -J Pack. Order i. A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) When the mixture leaves the mold, it is foamed by water vapor pressure to obtain a rod-like composite foam. The surface of this composite foam is formed with a thin skin layer, which is really cushioning, reducing and breathable, and is suitable for use as a cushioning material. These composite foams are used as a raw material and integrated into a block by a press molding machine to form a block-shaped cushioning material such as a packing material. (Please read the note on the back before writing this page) Order. -Ί. The paper size printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs applies the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -13 -A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (U) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Table 1 Example of the thermoplastic resin plant residue water supply ratio pressure foaming ratio surface hardness (resin / plant) particle size water content β %% Weight% kg / cm2 times D type 1 polypropylene wheat bran 50 16.5-40/60 90 about 30-2 plant stem powder M 16.0 ― If about 35-3 bean curd m 18.3-40 about 15-4 JT degreased tofu Ground coffee fr 22.5-50 Approx. 25 ― 5 »r Coffee grounds ¥ 19.0 One M 40 Approx. 10-6 tr Rice bran • 18.8-/ f • Approx. 15-7 tr Skimmed rice bran m 20 · 7 ― Μ 50 Approx. 20 ′-8 Μ Beer brewed 16.3-¥ 80 about 30 ― g polypropylene wheat bran »12.0 7.5 ff 70 about 45-10 plant stem flour tr Λ» 6.7 80 about 50 ― 11 / t tofu residue tr / r 10.5 40 about 35-12 »skim Tf If 17.5 60 about 40 ― 13 / f coffee grounds. / t 11.7. • 20 about 25-14 > r rice bran M 11.3 40 about 30-15 defatted rice bran »14.5 50 about 35-16 / f beer brew M 7.2 ff 70 about 45-('n ^ i 1 ^ 1 .— ^ ii ^ i ^ i HJ ^. ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ϋ 1 ^ 1 ml-" " *. „i • i I '(#Read the notes on the back before filling in this Page) This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 14-A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ()

\ L Examples 9 to 16 According to the modified examples of Examples 1 to 8, as shown in Table 1, the water content of each plant residue was reduced to 12% by weight, and water was supplied during the heat-melting and kneading by an extruder. The water supply position is the feed hopper 'near the cylinder of the extruder. The water supply is when the raw materials put into the hopper begin to melt. The foaming ratio of the formed composite foam is much higher than that of Examples 1 to 8, and at least 1 to 4 times, and it has higher cushioning, reducing and air permeability. Example 1 7 ~ 2 4 is a modification of Examples 1-8. As shown in Table 2, the moisture content of each plant residue is reduced to 1'2% by weight, and the weight ratio of the resin to the plant residue is set to 60: 4 0. 5。 Polypropylene resin, Tokuyama made PN 1 50G, MI is 6.5. Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics of Foam Molding (I read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) when extruding_The mold system uses a thickness of 2 Omm and a width of 15 Omm. For 30 1mm holes, a thin-strand bundling roller is set at the front end of the mold to stretch the extruded mixture and cut into a plate shape. The maximum temperature of the cylinder of the extrusion molding machine is 15 2 ° C, the mold temperature is 158 ° C, the temperature of the extruded mixture is 178 ° C, and the surface of the composite foam after forming is thin. The skin layer has the same strength and surface hardness as wood and is suitable as a substitute for wood. Increase the moisture content of plant residues to obtain higher expansion ratio. This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) 8.4 specifications (21〇χ 297 mm) -15 ~ A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (13) Table 2 printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Example 2 Thermoplastic resin plant Residual water supply ratio, pressure foaming ratio, surface hardness (resin / vegetable) Residual particle size, moisture content β%% weight% kg / cm2 times D type 17 polypropylene wheat bran 50 12.0-60/40 60 about 4.0 about 20 ~ 30 18 • Plant stem powder / Τ It-tr • about 25 ~ 35 19 Tofu residue Μ If-30 about 3.0 about 30 ~ 38 20 Μ non-fat tofu residue •, — 60 about 3.5 5 about 15 ~ 25 21 coffee ground Μ ft — 20 about 2.5 about 30 ~ 40 22 ff rice bran • M — • 40 about 3.0 about 28 ~ 35 23 / f skimmed rice bran / * · — 60 about 3.5 5 about 15 ~ 25 24 »Beer Jf — 50 ¥ about 20 ~ 30 25 Lacty wheat bran 17.5 — 40/60 50 about 20 — 26 Μ plant stem powder 17.0 — about 25-27 bean curd • 19.2 —, 40 about 10-28 »skim bean curd 9 24.0 — 60 about 15-29 Jf coffee grounds If 20.4 to 20 about 5 to 30 Μ Bran ft 20.0-Μ 40 about 10-31 tr skim rice bran tr 22.5 — If 50 about 15-32 ir beer brewed fr 18.1 — 40 about 20 — (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 16-A7 __ ^ _ B7 _____ ^ _ V. Description of the invention (1 / f) 14 Example 2 5 ~ 3 2 As shown in Table 2, the resin is made of biodegradable resin Lacty (MI made by Shimadzu Corporation is 1 to 2). The compounding weight ratio of resin to plant residue is set to 40:60, and it is formed using the extruder with auxiliary equipment as in Examples 1 to 8. The maximum temperature of the cylinder of the extruder is 130 ° C, the temperature of the mold is 135 ° C, and the temperature of the extruded mixture is 138 ° C. The foaming ratio of the composite foam after molding is lower than that of Examples 1 to 8, and it has cushioning properties, reducing properties, and air permeability. Example 3 3 to 40 In accordance with the modified examples of Examples 2 5 to 32, as shown in Table 3, the moisture content of each plant residue was reduced to 12% by weight, and water was supplied during heating and kneading by an extruder. The water supply position is near the feed hopper 'of the cylinder of the extruder. The water supply is when the raw materials put into the hopper begin to melt. The foaming ratio of the formed composite foam is much higher than that of Example 2 5 ~ 32, at least 1.4 times or more, and has higher cushioning, reduction, and air permeability. (Notes are reproduced on this page.) Binding. Order printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (〇 阳) 8 4 size (210 '乂 297 mm) — -17-A7 B7 Five, description of the invention ()

ID Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Table 3 Example of the thermoplastic resin plant residue water supply ratio pressure foaming rate surface hardness (resin / plant) residue name particle size moisture content β%% weight% kg / cm2 times D type 33 Lacty wheat bran 50 12,0 14 · 0 40/60 40 about 30 — 34 stem powder of plant ¥ / Τ 12.5 If 40 about 35 — 35 It tofu residue ”10.0» 20 about 20 — 36 / r non-fat tofu residue Μ 24.0 Μ 30 about 25-37 ”coffee grounds Μ 8.0 20 about 15 — 38 tr rice bran ¥ / f 11.7 ft 30 about 20-39 skim rice bran If 0 18.3 30 about 25 — 40 beer brewing 0 13.0 40 about 30 — 41 Polyvinyl chloride wheat bran 50 12.0 — 60/40 60 about 4 about 25 ~ 35 42 / f plant stem powder / r / r-9 • about 30 ~ 40 43 fr tofu residue ir ft-丨 fr 40 about 3 about 35 ~ 45 44 skim bean curd residue / f — rr 80 about 3.5 5 about 20 ~ 30 45 coffee grounds / r-30 about 2.5 5 about 35 ~ 45 46 At rice bran M-40 about 3 about 30 ~ 40 47 IT skim rice bran / r If-”60 about 3.5 5 about 20 ~ 30 48 fr beer acid — 0 > r margin about 25 35 (Please read the precautions on the reverse side before filling out this page) Binding. The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 2.97 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) Example 4 1 ~ 4 8 As shown in Table 3, the resin is made of polyvinyl chloride (E-430 made by Tojo), and each plant residue is used when the moisture content is reduced to 12% by weight. The weight ratio of resin to plant residue is 60:40, the maximum temperature of the cylinder of the extruder is 1 3 5 ° C, and the temperature of the mold is 1 4 5 ° C. The temperature of the extruded mixture was 158 ° C. The formed composite foam had the same surface hardness and strength as those of Examples 17 to 24. Examples 4 9 to 5 6 are shown in Table 4 As shown, the resin is made of polystyrene (QP-2B manufactured by Denka Kogyo Kagaku Kogyo), and the weight ratio of each resin residue to each plant residue is set to 40:60. An extruder having the same auxiliary equipment as in Examples 1 to 8 was used. The maximum temperature of the cylinder of the extruder is 15 5 ° C, the temperature of the mold is 160 ° C, and the temperature of the extruded mixture is 178 ° C. The foaming ratio of the composite foam after molding is lower than that of Examples 1 to 8, and has cushioning properties, reducing properties, and air permeability. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-° The paper size printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (.2 丨 〇 > < 297 mm) -19-A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (17) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Table 4 Example of thermoplastic resin plant residue water supply ratio pressure foaming rate surface hardness (resin / plant). Rate β%% Weight% kg / cm2 times D type 49 Polystyrene wheat bran 50 16.8 — 40/60 140 about 20 — 50 plant stem powder JT 16.2-about 25-51 JT tofu residue 18.3 — • 100 about 10 — 52 Defatted tofu residue 21.8 — If 150 about 15-53 Μ coffee grounds »18.5-Μ 90 about 10-54 rice bran fr 18.6 — Μ 100 — 55 skimmed rice bran tr 20.9 — If 120 about 15 — 56 beer brewed tr 16.5 — If 130 about 20-57 Polystyrene wheat bran »12.0 8.0 It» about 40 — 58 If plant stem powder M If 7.0 M fr about 45 — 59 »tofu residue > r • 10.3 Jf 70 about 30 — 60 ff skim Rot / r 16.3 > r 120 about 35 — 61 ff coffee grounds If rr 10.8 ir 50 about 20 — 62 ft rice bran »11.0 tr 60 about 30 — 63 tf skimmed rice bran 14.8 m 120 about 35 — 64 fr beer brewed tr 7.5 M about 40 — (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -20-A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () Example 5 7 ~ According to the modified examples of Examples 4 9 to 5 6, as shown in Table 4, the water content of each plant residue was reduced to 12% by weight, and water was supplied during heating and kneading by a press machine. The water supply position is near the feed hopper of the cylinder of the extruder. The water supply is when the raw material input to the hopper starts to melt. The foaming ratio of the formed composite foam is much higher than that of Examples 49 to 56 'and at least 1.8 times' or more, and has higher cushioning properties, reducing properties, and air permeability. Example 6 5 to 72 In accordance with the modified examples of Examples 49 to 56, as shown in Table 5, the water content of each plant residue was reduced to 12% by weight, and the weight ratio of the resin to the plant residue was set to 60: 4 0. An extruder having the same auxiliary equipment as in Examples 17 to 24 was used. The maximum temperature of the cylinder of the extruder is 15 5 ° C, the temperature of the mold is 145 ° C, and the temperature of the extruded mixture is 158 ° C. The formed composite foam is almost the same as that of Examples 1 to 24, and has a surface hardness, strength, and the like of the wood. (Jing first read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -21-

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7 B V. Description of the invention (1n) 1 y Table 5 Example of the ratio of water supply ratio of plant residues of thermoplastic resin (resin / plant) Pressure foaming rate Surface hardness residue name Particle size water content β%% weight% kg / cm2 times D type 65 Polystyrene wheat bran 50 12,0-60/40 70 about 5.0 about 25 ~ 35 66. plant stem powder m — 鼸 about 30 ~ 40 67 Μ tofu residue ¥ — ¥ 50 about 4.0 mol 68 ％ non-fat tofu residue Miscellaneous m-m 80 Approx. 4.5 Approx. 15 to 25 69 • Coffee grounds ¥-• 40 Approx. 3.5 Approx. 25 to 35 70 0 Rice bran brewed M-50 Approx. 4.0 71 Μ Degreased rice bran 0 — • _ 70 Approx. 4 5 Approx. 15 ~ 25 72 Ρ 壤 酒 土 Ｍ — It 60 Huan Approx. 25 ~ 35 Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 22 Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards §? Δΐ63 at Β7 V. Description of the Invention (2 ()) Example 7 3 is a polycaprolactone resin using a biodegradable resin, and plant residues are using plant stem powder. The blending weight ratio was set to 40:60. The mold of the extruder is a cylinder mold for PS foam molding. The highest temperature of the cylinder is 140 ° C, the lowest temperature is 90 ° C, the mold temperature is 125 ° C, and the temperature of the front end of the mold is It was 110 ° C, the temperature of the extruded mixture was 145 ° C, and the pressure was 1000 kg / cm2, and then a sheet was formed. The formed composite foam has a foaming ratio of about 35 times, and a thin skin layer is formed on the surface, which has cushioning properties, reducing properties, softness, and air permeability. It is suitable as a cushioning material and foamed sheet. It is also biodegradable, and it will decompose 95% in about 4 months after being buried in the soil. In Example 74, polypropylene and polyethylene resins were used, and plant residues were plant stem powders, and calcium carbonate was used as the nucleating agent for foaming. The compounding weight ratio of these is set to 40% by weight of polypropylene, 5% by weight of polyethylene, 50% by weight of wheat bran, and 5% by weight of calcium carbonate. »The mold of the extruder uses a cylindrical mold for PS foam molding. The maximum temperature of the cylinder is 150 ° C, the lowest temperature is 90 ° C, the temperature of the mold is 14 5 ° C, and the temperature of the front end of the mold is 140 ° C. The temperature of the extruded mixture is 1 8 At 0 ° C, the pressure is 120 kg / c m2, and then a flaky body is formed. The formed composite foam has a foaming ratio of about 40 times, a thin skin layer is formed on the surface, and it has cushioning properties, reducing properties, softness, and air permeability. It is suitable as a cushioning material. [Effects of the invention] According to the present invention Resin and water-containing plant residues are stirred and mixed in a heating and melting state, and the plant residues will not agglomerate and become homogeneous -.- _ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (谛 Read the precautions on the back before filling this page) " ° -23-Your thing A7 __ ^ _ B7 _ V. Description of the invention (21) Dispersed in the molten resin, then water can be dispersed in the molten resin slightly in. That is, the water contained in the plant residue is used as a foaming agent, and the plant residue is a vehicle for finely dispersing water in the molten resin. Therefore, the conventional manufacturing method using water as a foaming agent is not required, and the complicated steps of forming porous aggregates in advance in order to retain the moisture are not required, but only a simple, inexpensive and safe formation of a composite foam having an independent cell structure is required. Plant residues originally contain a lot of water, so drying plant residues makes it easy to adjust moisture. Therefore, more water can be dispersed in the resin than the conventional manufacturing method using water as a foaming agent, and a composite foam with a very high foaming ratio can be formed. The entire raw material can also be adjusted by changing the mixing ratio of plant residues. Moisture content to form a composite foam with various physical properties. Plant residues are water-absorptive. Therefore, water is added during heating and melting with a molding machine. The water will be absorbed by the plant residues and the added water will be finely dispersed in the molten resin, which will increase the expansion ratio. The amount of water can be adjusted at the same time by changing the blending ratio of resin and plant residues, so the adjustment of raw materials can be easily performed. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Using plant residues can further reduce manufacturing costs and provide a cheap composite foam. Most of the plant residues are treated as waste, and the use of it as a composite foam is helpful for the reuse of resources and waste disposal. Moreover, the composite foam produced has biodegradability and shrinks in volume when buried in soil. It is small and has low heat generation during incineration, which can suppress the damage of the incinerator, so it is easier to dispose of it than in the past. The resulting composite foam has almost no continuous bubbles, and is a finely divided independent foam with a uniformly distributed foam structure. It has almost the same mechanical properties as conventional resin foams, so it can be used as a substitute. The copy size with high foaming magnification is applicable to China's national standard (CNS > A4 size (210X297mm) ~~ -24-8 ^^ 169 A7 __ _________B7 ___; __ 5. Description of the invention (22) Because of its cushioning, reducing, and softness, the foam can be used as a buffering material for packing. Especially it is breathable, so it is very suitable for packing materials such as fruits and vegetables. It can prevent these fruits and vegetables for a long time. Corruption. A composite foam with a low expansion ratio has considerable surface hardness and strength, which can be used as a substitute for wood.-[Simplified description of the drawing] [Fig. 1] It is used in the embodiments of the present invention. Sectional view of an extruder—example. [Symbols] 1 Extruder 2. Cylinder 3 Mould (cover, mold) 4 Spiral 5 Heater Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again) 6 Feed hopper W Raw material M Melted mixture The paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -25-

Claims (1)

Public tongue A8 B8 C8 D8 Patent application scope Powder and granular residues are mixed and foamed into 2 methods, and then the 3 body is prepared by melting and adding. A compound thermoplastic tree is the main component. If applied, which is in the mix. If you apply for the manufacturing method, add the resin foaming fat and the raw materials for food when hot, and add the raw materials under low pressure. The patent scope is the thermoplastic resin. The patent scope is water. The manufacturing method of the body is characterized in that the powder and granular water produced by the process is planted in a low-temperature region where the resin is softened, and the mixture is melted and kneaded, and then the composite resin foam is produced under a reduced pressure, and the plant is produced. Residues are stirred and mixed, and water is added to item 1 or item 2 of the composite resin. The mixed raw materials are mixed. Please read the note above. F Booklet I. Binding-. The paper size of the paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -26-