經濟部中央標準局男工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) ****產業上之利用領域**** 本發明係關於軟弱地盤之改良工法，特別是在軟弱地 盤藉由打設地盤吹良柱用以改良軟弱地盤所利用之領域。 ****先前之技術**** 做爲地盤改良工法佔有主流地位，係所謂砂石緊固柱 工法0 該工法，係將套管打入到軟弱地盤中預定深度爲止， 而在該套管内投入了砂、砂礫等使用起振機或鑽桿等一方 面搗固一方面將套管取出，由其前端藉由將砂等墼出，而 緊固著，換言之，將緊固狀態之柱加以造成於軟弱地盤中 ，若依據該砂石緊固柱工法，則對於軟弱地盤可以獲得充 分之支技力。 又，做爲使用水泥系固化材之地盤改良柱，係將水泥 系固化材混練成.濟狀，並將此注入於地盤中，而與地盤中 之砂土直接加以攪押混合用以形成一種土壊水泥注。 ****發明所欲解決之問題**** 可是，前者之砂石緊固工法的最大難處，係其材料砂 或砂礫非常昂貴>_在日本國内幾乎不能供應，以目前狀況 幾乎由外國供應。又外國製之砂或砂礫也是相當昂貴。 更且，在長期之間，在軟弱地盤之地盤中特別是在深 層由於流動壓力使砂石緊固柱在其中途被分断也會產生 失去支持力之問題。 又後者之土壤水泥柱，係在地盤中爲了將水泥系固化 材及地盤中之砂土加以搅拌混合，所以要判斷兩者已充分 且均勻被攪押混合是不可能，因此大多會在支持力產生偏 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ---------『装------訂------ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印装 A7 ____B7_ 五、發明説明（2 ) 差之處，又爲了攪拌混合必需將攪拌用鑽桿之上下移動或 旋轉進行相當的頻率，所以其作業極爲煩雜。 本發明之目的在於解決此等之難題。 ****解決問題之手段**** 爲了解決上述問題，有關本發明申請專利範圍第1項， 係採用將砂土材及水泥系固化材在地上加以攪拌混合而形 成兩者之混合粉粒體，並將該混合粉粒體投入在貫入於地 盤中之套管的内部，一方面將該套管拔出一方面將其内部 之混合粉粒體排出在地盤中，使排出於地盤中之混合粉粒 體將地盤中之水分加以吸收能用以形成地盤改良柱之軟弱 地盤之改良工法。 又，有關本發明申請專利範圍第2項，係採用將砂土材 及水泥系固化材及水分在地上加以攪拌混合而形成兩者之 混合粉粒資體，並將該混合粉粒膏體投入在貫入於地盤中 之套管的内部，一方面將該套管拔出一方面將其内部之混 、合粉粒育體藉由排出於地盤中能形成地盤改良柱於地盤中 之軟弱地盤之改良工法。 又，有關本發明申請專利範圍第3項，係採用申請專利 範圍第2或2項之軟弱地盤之改良工法，其中做爲砂土材係 利用作業現場之地山。 又，有關本發明申請專利範圍第4項，係採用申請專利 範圍第1〜3項中任一項之軟弱地盤之改良工法，其中套管 之内壁係藉由滑層所形成者。 又，有關本發明申請專利範圍第5項，係採用申請專利 範圍第1〜4項中任一項之軟弱地盤之改良工法，其中水泥 適用中國國家標準（CNS } A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装- 訂 311957 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明（3 ) 系固化材，係將氧化鈣，二氧化矽、氧化鋁及三氧化硫做 爲主成分者。 ****作用 **** 若依據有關本發明申請專利範圍第1項，則其特徵在於 ，將砂土材及水泥系固化材在地上加以搅押混合用以形成 兩者之混合粉粒體。 砂土材，係不限定於砂或砂礫，使用泥漿性土壤或粘 土質土壤也可，極爲容易供應。 又，本發明之特徵在於，將該砂土材及水泥系固化材 在地上加以搅拌混合者。 由於將上述兩者在地上加以搅拌混合，所以當然可以 均勻且充分加以攪拌混合，在兩者之混合不會產生偏差。 又由於含有砂土材之土質成分，所以必需變更水泥系固化 材之配合比率，但該配合比率也可以正確加以維持。 又，若依據本發，明則將該混合粉粒體投入在貫入於 地盤中之套管的内部，而一方面將該套管拔出一方面將其 内部之混合粉粒體排出於地盤中，並使排出於地盤中之混 合粉粒體將地盤中之水分加以吸收，因爲能成爲用以形成 地盤改良柱，所以使含於軟弱地盤中之水分藉由被吸收於 混合粉粒體，可以提高軟弱地盤之密度，同時混合粉粒體 將地盤中之水分加以吸收藉由加以硬化使該粉粒體膨脹並 將軟弱地盤加以密壓，藉此以有效達肷軟弱地盤之堅固。 進而，使混合粉粒體藉由在地盤中加以硬化做爲地盤 改良柱成爲可以充分發揮載架支持力，成爲可以提高軸墼 縮強度。 ----------^ 衣------ΐτ-----—飞' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） 經濟部中央橾準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（4 ) 又，若依據有關本發明申請專利範圍第2項，則由於將 砂土材及水泥系固化材及水分在地上加以攪拌混合用以形 成兩者之混合粉粒資體，所以可以發楠與上述申請專利範 圍第:Ϊ項用樣作用，同時將該混合粉粒資體投入在貫入於地 盤中之套管的内部，而一方面將該套管拔出一方面將其内 部之混合粉粒育體藉由用以排出於地盤中，因爲能用以形 成地盤改良柱於地盤中，所以比起申請專利範圍第i項所示 之粉粒體，由於爲資狀所以在套管内流動性良好，可以確 實造成地盤改良柱到地盤中之深層部爲止。 還有，若依據有關本發明申請專利範圍第3項，則做爲 砂土材因爲能將作業現場之地山加以利用，所以材料費當 然勿庸多赘，製造費用也具有特別廉價之優點。在作業現 場，係轚如將建築物加以建造時，將地面之表層部的砂土 挖掘除去到固定深度爲止，在該業界將此稱爲挖地槽作業 ，但在該挖地槽作業之後成爲能用以建造建築物。在先前 ，由於該挖地槽作業所產生之砂土係做爲廢棄處分，但本 發明，係由於挖地槽作業將所產生之砂土可以直接做爲地 盤改良柱之材料加以利用。又由於挖地槽作業將所產生之 砂土因爲不要加以廢棄處分，所以可以減輕爲了廢棄處分 之費用。 又，若依據申請專利範圍第4項，則套管之内壁係因爲 藉由滑層所形成，即使粉粒體也可以將套管内流動性良好 排出於地盤中。 在先前中未考慮將粉粒體投入於套管内並將此排出於 地盤中原因之一，係因爲認爲粉粒體在套管内會有流動性 (請先閲讀背而之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装- 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨〇 X 297公釐） 311957 at B7 經濟部中央揉準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（5 ) 之問題。而本發明，係將套管内壁藉由良好滑動之滑層加 以形成，所以即使粉粒體也可知確實可以排出到深層部爲 止，藉此可以正確達到地盤改良柱之形成。 又，有關本發明申請專利範圍第5項，其特徵在於水泥 系固化材，係將氧化鈣、二氧化矽、氧化鋁及三氧化硫做 爲主成分。做爲固化材，也可以考慮使用普通水泥，但實 驗結果，添加普通水泥240iCg/jn2時之一軸壓縮強度有2JTgr/m2 ，相對地，以本發明之水泥系固化材，係添加240JCg/m2時 之一軸壓縮強度係6.4Kgi/CTn2，所以使用水泥系固化材， 可知可以發揮普通水泥約3倍之強度。又，做爲固化材也可 以考慮使用石灰系之固化材，但使用石灰系固化材，係在 長期間會溶解於地盤中之水分而做爲柱成爲不能發揮支持 力0 ****實施例**** 圖：i係顯示使用於本發明一實施例施工方法之造成裝置。 在套管1之上部係具備漏斗2,在其上端部係安裝著起 振機3。箱體1係藉由起振機3之上下振動作用貫入於地盤中 。在該套管1之内周面，係由高分子材料所形成滑眉4。在 漏斗2及箱體1之連通路，係經常譽如藉由彈簧f圖示省略J 如實線所示設置開關閥5保持於封閉位置，在該漏斗2投入 著地地盤改良材f後述之混合粉粒體）在由漏斗2内流下時藉 由其流動壓力形成開放著該開關閥5。而且，在開關閥5封 閉時將套管1之内部維持於高壓並在套管1内設置著空氣供 應噴嘴6用以供應®縮空氣使内部之混合粉粒體容易流出° 又，該裝置係由導桿Γ圖示省略）之頂部藉由所下垂之昇降 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（cNS)A4規格（2丨0x297公釐） A7 B7五、發明説明（6) 操作用纜索（圖示省略）所吊持。 滑層4,係由具有約100萬以上之平均分子量所謂超高 分子量聚烯所構成，係具有極爲優異之表面滑性，耐衝擊 性，耐摩耗性，耐藥品性ί耐腐蝕性）。該滑層4,係由上述 超高分子量聚乙烯所構成所需厚度之板材沿著套管2之内周 面加以張貼所形成。做爲由該超高分子聚乙烯所構成之板 材，係可以使用市面上出售之板材，譽如使用衆所周知 SOMALCO：業股份有限公司製之商標登記的SOMALJGira爲較佳 。該SOMALJGifr之超高分子量聚乙烯，係平均分子量約200 萬以上，特別具有極爲優異之滑性、非附著性、耐摩耗性 、耐藥品性。 使用上述構成之造成装置，在用以實施本發明之工法 時，首先，將在地上等所產生砂土材及水泥固化材在如後 述之配合比率加以攪押混合用以形成以均勻所潜合之混合 粉粒體S(圖^。 做爲水泥系固化材，其主成分爲氧化鈣、二氧化矽、 氧化鋁及三氧化硫。具體而言，以如下之配合比率爲適合。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 二氧化矽 18.6—20.2% 氧化鋁 6·2〜4.6% 氧化鐵 1.8〜2.5% 氧化鈣 59.6— 63.1% 氧化鎂 約 1_8% 三氧化硫 7.7 〜6.7% 不溶殘部 0·1〜0.2% 又做爲市面上出售之水泥系固化材，係使用商品名稱 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) P-43 0(1惠山公司製J或商品名稱述生SOLJUO S(麻 生水泥公司製j爲較佳。 上述水泥固化材及土壤之配合比率，係由於土壤之土 質而不同。一般而言一支之砂石緊固柱的壓縮強度（一軸壓 縮強度JTgrf/c;n2)係以7Kgf/CJD2爲中心其前後± 2〜3i：g:i7cm2 可説必要又充分，但爲了達到此等強度，本發明者實驗結 果，了解以如下表2〜表3所示之配合比率爲適合。 表1 粘性土 一軸蟹縮強度.kgrf/c:m2 固化材之添加量Jrg/m3 5 80 7 100 10 130 備註：上述黏性土係以泥漿分80%、黏土分4〇%、砂分仍％， 含水比7〇%，而做爲水泥系固化材，係使用HArjCSEf» P-430 f德山公司製）之粘性土。又，上述墼縮強度係打設後經過 7天時之強度。 ----------- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 •__ki.4 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X29*7公釐） 311957 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 五、發明説明（8 ) 表2 砂質泥漿 —軸壓縮強度JCgf/cm2 固化材之添加量 5 70 7 90 10 100 備註：上述砂質泥漿，係以泥漿分70%、黏土分15%、砂分 85%，含水比70%，其他條件，係與表1相同。 表3 砂質土 —軸壓縮強度Kgrf/cm2 固化材之添加量Kg/Jn3 5 50 7 60 10 70 備註：上述砂質土，係以泥漿分15%、黏土分I5%、砂分S5% ，含土比70%，其他條件係與表1相同。 另外，將上述造成裝置，由導桿之頂部藉由昇隆用镜 索加以吊持之將態下，將起振機3加以作動，一方面使套管 1上下振動，一方面將昇降用纜索加以繞放，並將套管1貫 入於地盤中下去。然後，一方面使套管1到達於地盤中之預 定深度，一方面將起振機3之作動加以停止，並將上述混合 粉粒體S，由漏斗2將匠需量投入於套管1内部。又，對套管 1投入混合粉粒體S，係將套管1貫入於地盤中時進行也可。 又在套管1之貫入途中由套管1將混合粉粒體出於地盤中 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·〆' 、-·*A7 B7 printed by the Male Workers ’Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (1) **** Industry utilization field **** The present invention is about the improved construction method of weak sites, especially in weak sites Set up a site with a good column to improve the field used by the weak site. **** Previous technology **** As the site improvement method, it occupies the mainstream position. It is the so-called sandstone fastening column method. This method is to drive the casing to a predetermined depth in the weak site. Put sand, gravel, etc. into the pipe, use vibrator or drill pipe, etc., tamping on the one hand, take out the casing, from the front end by pulling out the sand, etc., and fasten, in other words, the column in the tightened state If it is caused in a weak site, if the sand and stone fastening column construction method is used, then sufficient support for the weak site can be obtained. In addition, as a site improvement column using cement-based curing materials, the cement-based curing materials are mixed into a shape and injected into the site, and the sand and soil in the site are directly stirred and mixed to form a type Soil cement note. **** Problems to be solved by the invention **** However, the biggest difficulty of the former sand and stone fastening method is that the material sand or gravel is very expensive > _ It is almost impossible to supply in Japan, and the current situation is almost Supplied by foreign countries. Foreign-made sand or gravel is also quite expensive. Moreover, in the long-term, in the weak construction site, especially in the deep layer due to the flow pressure, the sand and stone fastening column is broken in the middle, which will also cause the problem of loss of support. The latter soil cement column is in the site in order to mix and mix the cement-based solidified material and the sand in the site, so it is impossible to judge that the two have been fully and uniformly stirred and mixed, so most of them will support The size of the paper produced is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) --------- "installed ----- ordered ----- (please read the back of the first (Notes to fill out this page) A7 ____B7_ printed by the employee consumer cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of the invention (2) The difference, and in order to stir and mix, it is necessary to move or rotate the stirring drill rod up and down for a considerable frequency, Therefore, his work is extremely complicated. The purpose of the present invention is to solve these problems. **** Means to solve the problem **** In order to solve the above problems, the first item of the patent application scope of the present invention is to mix and mix sand materials and cement-based solidified materials on the ground to form a mixed powder of the two. Granules, and put the mixed powder and granules into the inside of the casing penetrating into the ground, on the one hand, pull out the casing, on the one hand, the mixed powder and granules inside are discharged into the ground, so that they are discharged into the ground The mixed powder and granules absorb the water in the site and can be used to form a weak site of the site improvement column. In addition, the second item of the patent application scope of the present invention is to use a mixture of sand materials, cement-based solidified materials and water on the ground to form a mixed powder material of the two, and put the mixed powder paste Inside the casing penetrated into the ground, on the one hand, the casing was pulled out, and on the other hand, the internal mixed and mixed grain breeding body was discharged into the ground to form a ground improvement column in the weak ground of the ground. Improved construction methods. In addition, the third item of the patent application scope of the present invention adopts the improved construction method of the weak site of the second or second patent application scope, in which the sand and soil materials are used as the mountain of the work site. In addition, the fourth item of the patent application scope of the present invention adopts the improved construction method of the weak site according to any one of the patent application items 1 to 3, in which the inner wall of the casing is formed by a sliding layer. In addition, the fifth item of the patent application scope of the present invention adopts the improved construction method of the weak site according to any one of the items 1 to 4 of the patent application range, in which the cement applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS} A4 specification (210X297 mm) ( Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Packing-Order 311957 A7 B7 Printed and printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Instructions (3) It is a solidified material, which is calcium oxide, silica, alumina And sulfur trioxide as the main component. **** Function **** If according to item 1 of the patent application scope of the present invention, it is characterized in that sand materials and cement-based solidified materials are stirred on the ground Mix to form a mixture of powder and granules of the two. Sand materials are not limited to sand or gravel, and muddy soil or clay soil can be used, which is extremely easy to supply. Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by the use of the sand Soil materials and cement-based solidified materials are stirred and mixed on the ground. Because the above two are stirred and mixed on the ground, of course, they can be stirred and mixed evenly and fully, and the mixing of the two will not be biased. Because of the soil component of the sand material, it is necessary to change the blending ratio of the cement-based curing material, but the blending ratio can also be maintained correctly. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the mixed powder and granules are clearly put into the The inside of the casing in the ground, and on the one hand, the casing is pulled out, on the one hand, the mixed powder and granules inside it are discharged into the ground, and the mixed powder and granules discharged in the ground absorb the moisture in the ground Because it can be used to form a site improvement column, the moisture contained in the weak site can be absorbed into the mixed powder and granules to increase the density of the weak site, and the mixed powder and granules absorb the water in the site By hardening, the powder and granules are expanded and the weak ground is compacted, thereby effectively achieving the strength of the weak ground. Furthermore, the mixed powder and granules can be fully used by hardening the ground as a ground improvement column. Give full play to the support of the carrier, which can increase the strength of shaft shrinkage. ---------- ^ Clothing ------ lτ ------- fly '(Please read the precautions on the back first Fill this page ) This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297 mm) A7 B7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economy V. Description of the invention (4) Also, if the patent scope is applied for according to the relevant invention Item 2, since the sand materials, cement-based solidified materials and water are stirred and mixed on the ground to form a mixed powder material of the two, it can be used as a sample in the above patent application scope: Ϊ At the same time, the mixed powder material is put into the inside of the casing penetrating the ground, and on the one hand, the sleeve is pulled out, and the mixed powder grain breeding body is used to discharge it into the ground. Because it can be used to form a ground improvement column in the ground, compared with the powder and granules shown in item i of the patent application, because it is a resource, it has good fluidity in the casing and can indeed cause the site improvement column to be in the ground. So far. In addition, according to item 3 of the patent application scope of the present invention, the sand and soil materials can be used at the site of the work site, so the material cost is obviously unnecessary, and the manufacturing cost is also particularly cheap. At the job site, if the building is built, the sand on the surface of the ground is excavated to a fixed depth. This is called a trenching operation in the industry, but after the trenching operation becomes Can be used to build buildings. Previously, the sand produced by the trenching operation was discarded. However, in the present invention, the sand produced by the trenching operation can be used directly as the material of the site improvement column. Because the sand and soil produced by the trenching operation are not discarded, the cost of disposal can be reduced. In addition, according to item 4 of the patent application scope, the inner wall of the casing is formed by a slip layer, and even powders and granules can discharge the fluidity in the casing into the ground with good fluidity. In the past, one of the reasons why the powder and granules were put into the casing and discharged into the site was not considered, because it is believed that the powder and granules will have fluidity in the casing (please read the precautions before filling in this Page) Binding-The size of the bound paper is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2XX 297mm) 311957 at B7. The issue of the invention description (5) printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Development of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In the present invention, the inner wall of the casing is formed by a slip layer that slides well, so that even powders and granules can be surely discharged to the deep part, so that the formation of a ground improvement column can be accurately achieved. In addition, item 5 of the patent application scope of the present invention is characterized in that the cement-based curing material is mainly composed of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and sulfur trioxide. As a curing material, ordinary cement can also be considered, but the experimental results show that when the ordinary cement is added 240iCg / jn2, the one-axis compressive strength is 2JTgr / m2. In contrast, when the cement-based curing material of the present invention is added with 240JCg / m2 One-axis compressive strength is 6.4Kgi / CTn2, so using a cement-based curing material shows that it can exert about 3 times the strength of ordinary cement. In addition, as the solidified material, lime-based solidified materials may be considered. However, the use of lime-based solidified materials is a water that will dissolve in the ground for a long period of time and cannot be used as a column to support it. **** Example **** Figure: i shows the resulting device used in the construction method of an embodiment of the invention. A funnel 2 is provided on the upper portion of the sleeve 1, and a vibrator 3 is attached to the upper end thereof. The box 1 penetrates into the ground by vibrating the machine 3 up and down. On the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 1, a sliding eyebrow 4 is formed of a polymer material. The communication path between the funnel 2 and the box 1 is often known as the spring f is omitted. The on-off valve 5 is set as shown by the solid line to maintain the closed position, and the funnel 2 is put into the ground improvement material f. When the powder and granules flow down from the funnel 2, the on-off valve 5 is opened by the flow pressure. Moreover, when the on-off valve 5 is closed, the inside of the sleeve 1 is maintained at a high pressure, and an air supply nozzle 6 is provided in the sleeve 1 to supply ® shrink air to make the mixed powder and particles inside easily flow out. Also, the device is The top of the guide rod Γ is omitted by the vertical lift (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page). The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (cNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0x297mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) The operation is held by a cable (not shown). The sliding layer 4 is composed of a so-called ultra-high molecular weight polyene having an average molecular weight of about 1 million or more, and has extremely excellent surface slip properties, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and corrosion resistance). The slip layer 4 is formed by a sheet material of the required thickness made of the above-mentioned ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and posted along the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 2. As the sheet material composed of the ultra-high molecular polyethylene, it is possible to use commercially available sheet materials, and it is preferable to use the well-known SOMALCO: SOMALJGira registered with a trademark made by Industry Co., Ltd. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of SOMALJGifr is an average molecular weight of about 2 million or more, and has particularly excellent slip properties, non-adhesion properties, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. When using the construction device of the above structure, when implementing the construction method of the present invention, first, the sand materials and cement solidified materials produced on the ground and the like are stirred and mixed at a mixing ratio as described later to form a uniform latent The mixed powder and granules S (Figure ^. As a cement-based curing material, its main components are calcium oxide, silica, alumina and sulfur trioxide. Specifically, the following mixing ratio is suitable. (Please first Read the precautions on the back and fill in this page) The Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative printed silicon dioxide 18.6--20.2% alumina 6.22 ~ 4.6% iron oxide 1.8 ~ 2.5% calcium oxide 59.6-63.1% magnesium oxide About 1_8% sulfur trioxide 7.7 ~ 6.7% insoluble residue 0 · 1 ~ 0.2% It is also used as a cement-based curing material on the market, using the product name. The paper standard is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) P-43 0 (1 J manufactured by Huishan Company or SOLJUO S produced by the trade name (J produced by Aso Cement Company is preferred. The mixing ratio of the above cement solidified material and soil is Because of the soil The quality is different. Generally speaking, the compression strength (one-axis compression strength JTgrf / c; n2) of a sandstone fastening column is centered around 7Kgf / CJD2 ± 2 ~ 3i: g: i7cm2 can be said to be necessary and sufficient However, in order to achieve these strengths, the inventors' experimental results understand that the blending ratios shown in Tables 2 to 3 below are suitable. Table 1 Cohesive soil one-axis crab shrinkage strength. Kgrf / c: m2 Addition amount of cured material Jrg / m3 5 80 7 100 10 130 Remarks: For the above-mentioned cohesive soil system, the slurry content is 80%, the clay content is 40%, the sand content is still%, and the water content is 70%. As a cement-based curing material, HArjCSEf is used » P-430 f manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation). The above-mentioned shrinkage strength is the strength after 7 days after setting. ----------- (Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) Order __ki.4 The paper standard of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Standards, Employee Consumer Cooperative printed paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X29 * 7mm) System V. Description of the invention (8) Table 2 Sandy Mud—Axial Compressive Strength JCgf / cm2 Addition of Curing Material 5 7 0 7 90 10 100 Remarks: The above sandy mud is composed of 70% mud, 15% clay, 85% sand, and 70% water content. Other conditions are the same as Table 1. Table 3 Sandy soil-axis Compressive strength Kgrf / cm2 Addition amount of solidified material Kg / Jn3 5 50 7 60 10 70 Note: The above sandy soil is composed of 15% mud, 15% clay, S5% sand, 70% soil content, other The conditions are the same as in Table 1. In addition, when the above-mentioned device is suspended from the top of the guide rod by a mirror cable, the vibrator 3 is actuated, on the one hand, the casing 1 is vibrated up and down, and on the other hand, the lifting cable Put it around and insert casing 1 into the ground. Then, on the one hand, the casing 1 is brought to a predetermined depth in the ground, on the one hand, the operation of the vibrator 3 is stopped, and the mixed powder and granules S are put into the casing 1 by the funnel 2 . In addition, the mixed powder and granules S may be put into the casing 1 and the casing 1 may be inserted into the ground. On the way through the sleeve 1, the mixed powder and granules will be taken out of the site by the sleeve 1. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page) · 〆 ',-· *
A7 B7 311957 五、發明説明（9 ) 也可。 如此在套管1内部使混合粉粒體5½入之後，藉由空氣 供應噴嘴6將壓縮空氣加以供應，並將箱體1内部加以墼在 約liCgr/cjn2程度之狀態下，一方面將昇降操作用纜索加以卷 取操作，一方面將箱體1拔出，並將箱體1内部之混合粉粒 體S由其下端部排出於地盤中，用以形成地盤改良柱^圖2 、圖力。此時，箱體i内部之混合粉粒體S，係藉由其自重 及上述加壓空氣推壓作用，而且特別是藉由形成於箱體1内 周面之滑層4優異的表面滑性效果，在箱體1内周面側不會 產生附著餘留或堵住在途中，以極爲輕快流動降下，並由 箱體1下端不會在地盤中中斷而以連續所排出，藉此跨越全 長，使直徑均勻，並以適度所密壓之地盤改良柱P以短時間 形成良好效率。 圖2所示①〜⑦，係顯示上述之施工順序。 圖3所示①〜⑤，係顯示藉由其他構造之造成裝罱施工 順序◊圖3，係由外側之旋轉套管7及内側之固定套管S所構 成，而在貫入到地盤中時係一方面使旋轉套管7加以旋轉， 一方面將該外側套管7及内側套管8貫入於地盤中，並一方 面到達於預定深度，一方面由内套管S將混合粉粒髄却辰出 於地盤中，而使外側套管7反轉，或與不會旋轉内側套管S 一起拔出，在其拙出途中藉由振動訂浮動振動器）之振動力 促進套管1内部之混合粉粒體S的排出，且形成緊固。圖2或 圖3爲周所周知之造成裝置，當然在本發明係採用該造成裝 置，但並無任何限定。 如上述排出於地盤中之混合粉粒體S，係由造成柱狀之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -^----- 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 311957 A7 _____B7 五、發明説明（l〇 ) 直後Γ約在3小時後開始硬化；，將周圍地盤中之土壤粒子間 之間隙水加以吸收使含水率降低，同時在該吸水時與水加 以反應並使膨脹，而使其體積增大柱造成時之30〜。如 此，使地盤改良柱P加以膨脹，則使其周圍地盤密壓，藉由 該密壓，使地盤強度增強，同時一旦膨脹之地盤改良柱P, 係藉由硬化作用爲了成爲其自體硬化體而不會收縮，總之 體積不會縮小，所以該地盤改良柱P，在實架於地盤中之狀 態下，將周圍地盤加以密壓使其強度成爲更進一層增大。 圖4係顯示藉由有關本發明之工法在實際作業現場之作 業順序的一例。如開頭所述，在作業現場，譬如用以建造 建築特時，將地面表層部之土砂挖掘除去到固定深度爲止 ，而將此在該業界係稱爲挖地槽作業，在該挖地槽作業之 後成爲用以建造建築物。在先前，由於該挖地槽作業所產 生之砂土係被廢棄處分，但在本發明由於挖地槽作業將所 產生之土砂直接做爲地盤改良柱之材料具有可以利用之很 大特徵。 即，如圖4所示，將地面表層部G藉由挖掘機10—方面 進行預定深度i之挖地槽作業，譽如1.5JD，一方面在進行該 挖地槽作業之位置GA設置著造成裝置11使用於本發明工法 之實施，另外，攪拌混合裝置，係聲如在動力鏟藉由安裝 攪拌裝置之裝置12,由於控地槽作業所產生之土壤，即在 現場之地山將水泥經固化材加以適量對象形成混合粉粒體S。 做爲上述搅拌混合裝置12之搅拌裝置，係如圖5所示一 般稱爲鑽桿頭部之搅押装置13據了解以實驗結果良好。該 攪拌裝置13，係藉由油墼馬達持有旋轉爪Μ以急速用以正 本纸張尺度適用中國國.家標準（CNS.)A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _B7__ 五、發明説明（U ) 反轉，將此更換爲油壓鏟之鏟成爲能安裝該攪拌装置13， 轚如日本三井三池製作所股份有限公司之搅拌裝置Γ商品名 ，ΜΓ隻頭）或丸善建設股份股份有限公司之攪拌裝置ί商品 名，穩定器j係攪拌效率極爲良好，本發明之實施被推薦採 用0 圖4係使用挖掘機將所挖掘之地山藉由直接攪拌混合裝 置12用以與水泥系固化材攪拌混合之施工例，但如圖6所示 在作業現場設置如圖示之搅拌槽15(凹口槽），在此藉由挖 掘機10將所挖掘之土壤停放著，在將水泥系固化材投入適 當量，並藉由前述攪拌混合裝置12加以攪拌混合也可。 在用以形成混合粉粒高體S時，係在該搅拌槽15添加與 水泥系固化材幾乎同量之水分加以攪拌混合。 如此將地山及水泥系固化材在地上加以充分攪拌混合 用以形成混合粉粒體5。將該被形成之混合粉粒體S藉由適 當之搬運手段以直接投入於造成装置10之漏斗2並將該混合 粉粒體S由套管1排出於地盤中，如圖4所示將地盤改良柱P 依順序加以打設下去。如此，以本發明，係在作業現場使 用挖掘機10進行挖地槽作業用以形成地山，將該地山之土 砂及水泥經固化材使用攪拌混合裝置12加以攪拌混合，藉 此將形成之混合粉粒體S直接投入於造成裝置，而做爲地盤 改良柱P由於用以打設，如先前藉由挖地槽作業爲了用以排 出所產生之土壤的費用幾乎不必要。又將現場之地山因爲 可以直接加以利用，所以不必要如先前高價之砂或砂礫。 本發明者將先前之施工方法及本發明之工法由經濟性 的層面使用一施工例加以比較試算，則成爲如下。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） ---------------訂 1'---_- — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 311957 A7 B7____五、發明説明（l2 ) ****施工例**** 施工50JH2之氣體槽時，挖地槽深度：I.5〇jn，將有關本發 明地盤改良柱直徑700皿η，長度ΙΟτπ以1800脏!間距打設於以 表2所示由砂質泥漿所構成SOW之建築用地。 先前之砂石緊画柱 有關本發明地盤改良柱 砂材料6899m：? 價錢約2600萬日元 〇日元 砂土挖掘量75.40ΤΠ3 0.641m3 該投棄費用3393萬日元 2SS萬日元 機械設備用費〇曰元 400萬日元 水泥系固化材0日元 7SS萬日元 合計M93萬日元 14私萬日元 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 由以上之試算，若依據有關本發明施工方法，比起先 前之施工例可以提高經濟性效果5993萬日元-1446萬日元 =4547萬日元。 ****效 果 **** 在本發明有關申請專利範圍第1項，係藉由多取套管之 接脚，可以深屑施工。又直接可以使用先前之挖掘機、搅 拌混合裝置，造成装置。設備簡單。具有火口徑施工之優 點。 又，以施工效果層面，係墼縮強度及剪斷強度很大， 容易對應於目標地盤之支持力。防止側方流動或液狀化效 果也大。 ---------------、訂------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印11 A7 B7 五、發明説明（13 ) 又，在經濟層面，由於幾乎皆無使用高價之砂或砂礫 量所以經濟性負擔小。不必要採取砂或砂礫，又由於不必 要廢棄挖掘土壤所以可以適用於天然資源之保護。由於不 要砂土投棄費可以發揮由該層面無經濟負擔等之優異效果。 由於將所控掘之土壤及水泥經固化材在地上加以攪拌 混合，當然可以均勻且充分加以攪拌混合，而在兩者之混 合不會產生偏差。又藉由含有砂材土質成分有必要改變水 泥系固化材之配合比率，但也可以正確維持該配合比率。 因此可以跨越全長打設強度均勻之地盤改良柱。 又，若依據有關本發明申請專利範圍第2項，由於將砂 土材及水泥系固化材及水分在地上加以攪拌混合用以形成 兩者之混合粉粒脊體，所以可以發揮與上述申請專利範圍 第1項同樣效果，同時將該混合粉粒脊體投入在貫入於地盤 中之套管，並藉由一方面將套管拔出一方面將其内部之混 合粒育體排出於地盤中，爲了用以形成地盤改良柱於地盤 中，比起申請專利範圍第1項粉粒體由於爲膏狀所以在套管 内之流動性良好，可以確實造成地盤改良柱到地盤中之深 層部爲止。 又，若依據申請專利範圍第3項之發明，則做爲砂土材 因爲將作業現場之地山加以利用，所以材料費當然勿庸多 赘，造成費用也具有特別廉價之優點。作業現場，係轚如 用以建造建築物時，將地面之表層部的砂土加以控掘除去 到一定深度爲止，將此在該業界稱爲挖地槽作業，而在該 挖地槽作業之後成爲用以建造建築物。在先前，由於該挖 地槽作業所產生之砂土係被廢棄處分，但本發明，係藉由 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格.（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装. 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（14 ) 挖地槽作業所產生砂土可以直接做爲地盤改良柱加以利用 。又因爲不必要將由於挖地槽作業所產生廢棄處分，所以 可以減輕因爲廢棄處分之費用。 又，若依據大關本發明申請專利範圍第4項，則套管之 内壁因爲藉由滑層所形成，即使係粉粒體也可以在套管内 流動性良好而排出於地盤中，容易進行深層施工。 又，在有關本發明申請專利範圍第5項，係可以做爲半 永久性強支持力地盤改良柱。 ' ****圖式之簡單説明**** 圖1係顯示爲了實施本發明施工方法之造成裝置一例的 縱剖面圖。 圖2係顯示本發明施工例之一例説明圖。 圖3係顯示本發明施工例之其他之一例説明圖。 圖4係顯示本發明具體施工例之一例説明圖。 圖5係顯示在圖4施工例所使用搅拌裝置之一例斜視圖。 圖6係顯示圖4所示施工例一部分説明圖。 ****元件編號之説明**** 1 套管 2 漏斗 4 滑層 S 混合粉粒體 P 地盤改良柱 本纸乐尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ---------------訂----— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)A7 B7 311957 V. Description of the invention (9) Also available. In this way, after the mixed powder and granules 5½ are inserted inside the sleeve 1, the compressed air is supplied through the air supply nozzle 6, and the inside of the box 1 is raised to a level of about 1Cgr / cjn2, on the one hand, the lifting operation The cable is used to take up the operation. On the one hand, the box 1 is pulled out, and the mixed powder and granules S inside the box 1 are discharged from the lower end into the ground to form a ground improvement column (Figure 2). At this time, the mixed powder and granules S inside the box i are due to their own weight and the above-mentioned pressurized air pushing action, and in particular, the excellent surface slidability by the sliding layer 4 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the box The effect is that there will be no adhesion residue or blocking on the way on the inner peripheral side of the box 1, which is lowered by a very light flow, and is continuously discharged by the lower end of the box 1 without being interrupted in the ground, thereby spanning the full length , To make the diameter uniform, and improve the column P with moderately compacted ground to form good efficiency in a short time. ① ~ ⑦ shown in Figure 2 show the above construction sequence. ① ~ ⑤ shown in Figure 3 show the construction sequence caused by other structures ◊ Figure 3 is composed of the rotating sleeve 7 on the outer side and the fixed sleeve S on the inner side, when it penetrates into the site On the one hand, the rotating sleeve 7 is rotated, on the one hand, the outer sleeve 7 and the inner sleeve 8 are penetrated into the ground, and on the one hand, they reach a predetermined depth, and on the other hand, the inner sleeve S removes the mixed powder particles. Out of the ground, the outer casing 7 is reversed, or it is pulled out together with the inner casing S, which does not rotate, and the vibration force of the floating vibrator is ordered by vibration on its way out to promote the mixing inside the casing 1 The powder and granules S are discharged and form a fastening. Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 is a well-known cause device, and of course, the cause device is adopted in the present invention, but there is no limitation. As mentioned above, the mixed powder and granules S discharged into the site are due to the paper size caused by the column. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) is applicable (please read the precautions on the back and fill in this page) Printed by the Employees ’Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-^ ----- Printed by the Workers’ Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economics 311957 A7 _____B7 V. Description of Invention (l〇) After Γ begins to harden after about 3 hours; The water in the gap between the soil particles in the surrounding site is absorbed to reduce the water content, and at the same time, it reacts with the water and expands when it absorbs water, which increases its volume to 30 ~ 30. In this way, the site improvement column P is inflated, and the surrounding site is compacted. By this compaction, the strength of the site is strengthened. At the same time, once the site improvement column P is expanded, it is hardened to become its own hardened body. There is no shrinkage, and the overall volume will not shrink, so the site improvement column P, in the state of being solidly placed in the site, the surrounding site is compacted to make its strength further increase. Fig. 4 shows an example of the sequence of operations at the actual work site by the method of the present invention. As mentioned at the beginning, at the work site, for example, when constructing a special building, the earth and sand on the ground surface will be excavated and removed to a fixed depth, and this is called a trenching operation in the industry. Later it was used to build buildings. Previously, the sand and soil produced by the trenching operation were discarded. However, in the present invention, the soil and sand produced by the trenching operation are directly used as the material of the site improvement column, which has great features that can be utilized. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the ground surface portion G is excavated by the excavator 10 at a predetermined depth i, which is known as 1.5JD. On the one hand, the location GA where the excavation is performed is set to cause The device 11 is used for the implementation of the construction method of the present invention. In addition, the mixing and mixing device is as sound as in the power shovel. By installing the mixing device of the device 12, the soil generated by the control of the trench operation, that is, the cement in the field The cured material is added to an appropriate amount to form mixed powder and granules S. The stirring device as the above-mentioned stirring and mixing device 12 is a stirring device 13 generally called a drill head as shown in FIG. 5 and it is understood that the experimental results are good. The stirring device 13 is held by an oil motor to hold the rotating claws. It is used for the original paper size at a rapid speed. It is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS.) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) A7 _B7__ printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (U) Reverse, replace this with a hydraulic shovel to be able to install the stirring device 13, such as Mitsui Miike in Japan The mixing device Γ trade name of the manufacturing company Co., Ltd., ΜΓ only head) or Maruzen Construction Co., Ltd. mixing device ί trade name, the stabilizer j is very good mixing efficiency, the implementation of the present invention is recommended to use 0 Figure 4 series The excavator uses the direct stirring and mixing device 12 to mix and mix the cement-based solidified materials with the excavator. However, as shown in FIG. 6, a stirring tank 15 (recessed groove) as shown in the figure is provided at the work site Here, the soil excavated by the excavator 10 is parked, the cement-based solidified material is put in an appropriate amount, and it may be stirred and mixed by the aforementioned stirring and mixing device 12. When it is used to form the mixed powder particle body S, the mixing tank 15 is added with the same amount of water as the cement-based cured material and stirred and mixed. In this way, the ground mountain and cement-based solidified materials are sufficiently stirred and mixed on the ground to form mixed powder and granules 5. The formed mixed powders and granules S are directly put into the funnel 2 of the device 10 by suitable conveying means and the mixed powders and granules S are discharged from the casing 1 into the ground, as shown in FIG. 4 The improved column P is set in order. In this way, according to the present invention, the excavator 10 is used to dig a trench at the work site to form a mountain, and the soil, sand and cement of the mountain are stirred and mixed with a solidified material using a stirring and mixing device 12 to thereby form The mixed powder and granules S are directly put into the generating device, and as the site improvement column P is used for setting up, as previously, the cost of draining the generated soil by trenching is almost unnecessary. And because the mountain on the site can be used directly, it is not necessary to be as expensive sand or gravel as before. The present inventors compared the previous construction method and the construction method of the present invention from an economic perspective using a construction example, and the results are as follows. This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297mm) --------------- order 1 '---_- — (please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) 311957 A7 B7____ 5. Description of the invention (l2) **** Construction example **** When constructing a 50JH2 gas tank, the depth of the trench is: I.5〇jn, which will improve the site of the invention The column diameter is 700 mm, and the length is 10τπ at 1800 dirty! The pitch is set on the construction land composed of sandy mud as shown in Table 2. The previous sand and stone compact painting column related to the site improvement column sand material of the present invention is 6899m:? The price is about 26 million yen 0 yen sand excavation amount 75.40ΤΠ3 0.641m3 The abandonment cost 33.93 million yen 2SS million yen mechanical equipment cost 〇Yuan 4 million yen Cement-based curing material 0 yen 7SS 10,000 yen total M93 million yen 14 private 10,000 yen Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau employee consumer cooperative printed by the above trial calculation, if according to the construction method of the present invention , Compared with the previous construction example, it can improve the economic effect of 59.93 million yen-14.46 million yen = 45.47 million yen. **** Effects **** In item 1 of the patent application scope of the present invention, by taking more pins of the casing, it is possible to construct deep chips. It can directly use the previous excavator and mixing device to create the device. The equipment is simple. It has the advantages of fire caliber construction. In addition, at the level of construction effects, the system's constriction strength and shear strength are large, and it is easy to correspond to the support force of the target site. The effect of preventing lateral flow or liquefaction is also great. ---------------, order ------ ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210X297mm) Printed by the Employees ’Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 11 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (13) Also, at the economic level, almost no high-priced sand or gravel is used, so the economic burden is small. It is not necessary to take sand or gravel, and it is suitable for the protection of natural resources because there is no need to discard the excavated soil. Since no sand and sand abandonment fee is required, it can exert excellent effects such as no financial burden at this level. Because the soil and cement controlled by excavation are mixed on the ground with solidified materials, of course, it can be mixed evenly and fully, and there will be no deviation in the mixing of the two. In addition, it is necessary to change the blending ratio of the cement-based solidification material by including the sand material soil component, but the blending ratio can also be maintained correctly. Therefore, it is possible to build a site improvement column with uniform strength across the entire length. In addition, according to item 2 of the patent application scope of the present invention, since the sand material, the cement-based solidified material and the water are stirred and mixed on the ground to form a mixed powder ridge body of the two, the patent application can be used The same effect as the first item in the scope, at the same time, the mixed powder ridge body is put into the casing penetrating into the ground, and the mixed grain breeding body inside is discharged into the ground by pulling out the casing on the one hand, In order to form the ground improvement column in the ground, compared with the first patent application, the powder and granules are in the form of paste, so the fluidity in the casing is good, which can surely cause the site improvement column to the deep part of the site. In addition, if the invention according to item 3 of the patent application scope is used as a sand material, the mountain on the job site is utilized, so of course the material cost is not excessive and the cost is also particularly cheap. On the job site, when it is used to construct a building, the sand on the surface of the ground is controlled and removed to a certain depth. This is called a trenching operation in the industry, and after the trenching operation Be used to build buildings. In the past, the sand produced by the trenching operation was discarded, but the present invention applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) by this paper standard (please read the notes on the back first Please fill in this page for details). Packed and printed. A7 B7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economy. V. Description of the Invention (14) The sand produced by the trenching operation can be used directly as a site improvement column. And because it is unnecessary to dispose of the waste caused by the excavation of the trench, the cost of the disposal can be reduced. In addition, according to Item 4 of Okinawa ’s patent application, the inner wall of the casing is formed by a slip layer, and even powdered particles can be discharged into the ground with good fluidity in the casing, making it easy to go deep construction. In addition, item 5 of the patent application scope of the present invention can be used as a semi-permanent strong supporting site improvement column. **** A brief description of the drawings **** FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a resulting device for implementing the construction method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the construction example of the present invention. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the construction example of the present invention. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a specific construction example of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of the stirring device used in the construction example of Fig. 4; FIG. 6 is a partial explanatory diagram showing the construction example shown in FIG. 4. **** Explanation of component number **** 1 Casing 2 Funnel 4 Slip layer S Mixed powder and granule P Site improvement column The standard of paper music is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) --- ------------ Subscribe ------ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)