經濟部中央標準局貝工消#合作社印製 A6 B6 *、發明説明（1 ) 本發明一般而言是關於一種以光電方式閲讀標記的裝 置，被閲讀的標記的各個部分具有不同的光反射率，如條 碼符號；另外，更具體地，本發明提供採用電荷耦合器件 (CCD)技術來閲讀多層的或二維條碼的裝置。 迄今，巳經發展了許多種光學閲讀器和光學掃描系統 用來閲讀出現在標簽上或物品表面的條碼符號。條碼符號 本身是一種標記的編碼圖形，它是由一系列不同寛度的條 和條與條之間不同寛度的間隔組成的，條和間隔有不同的 光反射特性。閲讀器和掃描系統以光電方式將圖形標記轉 換成電氣信號，該信號通過解碼成爲字母數字字符，這些 字符用來對物品或者它的某些特徵進行描述。這樣的字符 通常是以數字形式來表徵，並且用來作爲一個數據理系統 的一個輸入，這類系統應用在銷售點處理或其類似場合。 此通用類型的掃描系統巳經公開，例如，美國專利4,251, 798、 4,369,361、 4,387,297' 4,409,470' 4,760,248' 4, 896,026 〇 如上述專利中巳公開的，掃描系統的一個實施例尤其 在於一種由使用者掌握的手持式雷射掃描頭，該掃描頭被 設計成允許使用者將掃描頭，更詳細而言是一束光對準被 閲讀的目標和符號。 —台雷射掃描條碼閲讀器的光源通常是一台氣體雷射 器或半導體雷射器。在掃描系統中特別希望使用半導體器 件作爲光源，因爲它們體積小、成本低和功耗低。雷射束 通常採用一個聚光光學組件進行光學變換，在目標距離上 形成一個一定尺寸的束斑。希望在目標距離上的束斑剖面 本紙張尺度遑用中國家檫準（CNS) 规格(210x297公釐) ( - .....................................................................................裝......................訂：：：1:線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁} A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局A工消费合作社印製 五、發明說明（2 ) 大致上與不同光反射率區間，如符號的條和間隔之間的最 小寛度相當。 條碼符號通常是由具有許多種可能寛度的矩形條或元 素組成的。元素的特定編排確定按照一套規則和定義來表 徵的字符，這些規則和定義是通過代碼或所用的"符號表示 法（symbology)"來確定的。條和間隔的相對尺寸是由所採 用的編碼種類決定的，條和間隔的實際尺寸也是如此。條 碼符每英寸所表徵的字符數目被稱爲符猇的密度。對一個 所希望的字符序列進行編碼，須將一批元素的編排串聯在 一起形成一個完整的條碼符號，信息中的每一個字符是由 其對應的元素組合來表徵的。在某些符號表示法中，採用 一個獨特的"開始"及"停止"字符來指示條碼的起點和結尾 。存在許多種不同的條碼符表示法。這些符號表示法包括 :UPC/ΕΑΝ、Code39、Codel28、Codabar以及二五交叉碼 (interleaved 2 of 5) 〇 爲我們討論方便起見，被一個符號表示法所辨認和定 義的字符被稱之爲合法字符，然而不被這個符號表示法所 辨認和定義的定符被稱爲非法字符。這樣，採用一種設定 的符號表示法不能對一個元素的編排進行解碼，這種編排 對應爲該種符猇表示法的一個非法字符。 爲了增加在一個設定的表面積上能夠表徵或存儲的數 據量，最近巳經發展了幾種新的條碼符猇表示法。這幾種 新的碼標準中的一種Code49引入了一個"二維"概念，即在 垂直方向重叠一排排的字符，而不是在水平方向延伸條碼 。也即，有幾排條和間隔組成的圖形，而不是僅僅一排。 (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填窵本霣) 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家標準（CNS)甲4規格（210x297公釐） 經濟部中央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明（3 )A6 B6 printed by the Beigongxiao # Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Description of the Invention (1) The present invention generally relates to a device for reading marks by photoelectricity, and each part of the read marks has different light reflectance , Such as bar code symbols; in addition, more specifically, the present invention provides a device that uses charge coupled device (CCD) technology to read multi-layer or two-dimensional bar codes. So far, many optical readers and optical scanning systems have been developed to read bar code symbols that appear on labels or on the surface of objects. The bar code symbol itself is a marked coding pattern, which is composed of a series of bars with different widths and intervals between the bars with different widths. The bars and the spaces have different light reflection characteristics. Readers and scanning systems photoelectrically convert graphic indicia into electrical signals, which are decoded into alphanumeric characters, which are used to describe the item or some of its characteristics. Such characters are usually represented in the form of numbers and used as an input to a data management system. Such systems are used in point-of-sale processing or the like. Scanning systems of this general type have been disclosed, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,251, 798, 4,369,361, 4,387,297 '4,409,470' 4,760,248 '4, 896,026. As disclosed in the aforementioned patents, one embodiment of the scanning system lies in particular by a user The handheld handheld laser scanning head is designed to allow the user to aim the scanning head, more specifically, a beam of light at the target and symbol being read. —The light source of a laser scanning bar code reader is usually a gas laser or a semiconductor laser. It is particularly desirable to use semiconductor devices as light sources in scanning systems because of their small size, low cost, and low power consumption. The laser beam usually adopts a condensing optical component for optical transformation to form a beam spot of a certain size at the target distance. It is hoped that the beam spot profile at the target distance will use the Chinese National Standard (CNS) specifications (210x297 mm) (-..................... .................................................. ........................................... Order ::: 1: line (please read the back of the first Matters needing attention and refill this page} A6 B6 Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, A Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives 5. Description of invention (2) It is roughly equivalent to the minimum width between different light reflectance intervals, such as the bars and spaces of symbols The bar code symbol is usually composed of rectangular bars or elements with many possible degrees. The specific arrangement of the elements determines the characters that are characterized according to a set of rules and definitions, which are represented by codes or the used " symbols (Symbology) to determine. The relative size of the bar and the space is determined by the type of coding used, as is the actual size of the bar and the space. The number of characters represented by the bar code symbol per inch is called the character Density. To encode a desired character sequence, the arrangement of a batch of elements must be concatenated in Form a complete barcode symbol, each character in the message is characterized by its corresponding combination of elements. In some symbolic representations, a unique "quote" and "quote" character are used Indicate the beginning and end of the barcode. There are many different barcode symbologies. These symbologies include: UPC / ΕΑΝ, Code39, Codel28, Codabar, and interleaved 2 of 5. 〇 For our discussion convenience , Characters recognized and defined by a symbolic representation are called legal characters, but delimiters that are not recognized and defined by this symbolic representation are called illegal characters. In this way, using a set symbolic representation cannot The arrangement of an element is decoded, and this arrangement corresponds to an illegal character of this type of notation. In order to increase the amount of data that can be characterized or stored on a set surface area, several new barcode symbols have recently been developed Notation. One of these new code standards, Code49, introduces a "two-dimensional" concept, that is, in the vertical direction Overlay a row of characters instead of extending the barcode horizontally. That is, a figure composed of several rows and spaces, rather than just a row. (Please read "Precautions on the back side and fill in this book first") The paper scale is printed in Chinese National Standard (CNS) Grade 4 (210x297 mm). A6 B6 is printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Development of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (3)
Code49的結構由美國4,794,239描述，在此作爲參者。另一 種結構，稱爲"PDF417"，在美國專利申請序列號461，881中 描述。 在現有技術巳知的掃描系統中，光束是通過一個沿著 光路的透鏡或類似的光學器件來導向的，從而對準表面上 包括條碼符號在内的一個目標。移動光束掃描器是通過光 束沿横穿符號的一條線或一系列線重覆掃描的方式來工作 的，該方式借助於一個配置在光束光路中的掃描器件，比 如一個反射鏡。掃描器件也許要使光束斑點掃過符號並跟 蹤一條横過符號的掃描線，或要掃描該掃描器的視場，或 者二者兼而有之。 條碼閲謓系統還包括一個傳感器式光探測器來檢測從 符號反射或散射的光。該光探測器或傳感器被置於掃描器 光路中以便使它具有一個横貫符號並且稍微大於符號的視 場。從符猇反射或散射的光的一部分被檢測並且轉換成電 氣信號。電子線路或軟體將電氣信猇解碼成被掃描符號所 表徵的數據的數字表達形式。例如，光探測器產生的類比 電氣信號也許會被轉換成一個脈衝寛度調制信號，其寛度 與條和間隔的物理寛度相對應。然後這樣一個數字化信號 根據該符號所採用的符號表示法來解碼形成符號中編碼數 據的二進制表法形式，最後再轉化成它們所表徵的字母數 字字符。 巳知的條碼閲謓杀統中的解碼過程通常是採用下列方 式來進行工作的。解碼器從條碼閲讀器接收脈衝寛度調制 數字信猇，由軟體來實現的一種算法設法對掃描進行解碼 本紙張尺度遑用國家樣準（CNS)甲4规格<210x297公釐） .....................................................................................裝.......................玎i:I線 (請先闥讀背面之注意事項再填寫本霣) A6 B6 經濟部t央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（4 ) 。如果該掃描中的開始、停止字符以及它們之間的字符都 完全成功地被解碼，那麼，解碼過程結束並向使用者發出 一個閲讀成功的指示（比如一個綠燈信號和/或一個聲得見 的蜂鳴聲）。否則，解碼器接收下一次掃描並對該掃描進行 另一次解碼努力，依此類推，直到獲得一次完全被解碼的 掃描或者無法獲得更多的掃描。 於是，這樣一個信號根據特定的符號表示法被解碼形 成符號中編碼數據的二進制饮達形式，再轉化成所表徵的 字母數字字符。 移動光束雷射掃描器不是能夠閲讀條碼符號的光學儀 器的唯——種類型。另一類條碼閲讀器特別與本發明有關 ，這類閲謓器採用基於電荷耦合器件（CCD)技術的探測器。 採用這種現有技術的閲讀器的探測器尺寸通常大於被閲讀 的符猇或與大體上相等。整個符號都被來自閲讀器的光照 射，電荷耦合器件（CCD)的每個光敏元被依次謓取從而確定 一個條與一個間隔的存在。這類閲讀器重量輕、使用方便 ，但是實際上要求直接接觸或閲讀器置於符猇的上面從而 使符號被正確閲讀。這種閲讀器與符號的物理接觸對某些 應用場合是一種較佳的操作模式，或者説是使用者個人喜 歆的方式。 CCD條碼掃描器的焦深與基於雷射的掃描器相比，是非 常有限的。其原因是，如一台以LED(發光二極管）光源作爲 照明，基於CCD的掃描器的f#(焦距）遠遠小於一台雷射掃描 器的f#。而焦深是與f#2的，所以，這種基於CCD/LED的掃 描器的焦深是很小的。 {猜先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 紙張尺度遑用中國_家標準（CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) A6 B6 經濟部中夬樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明（5 ) 基於CCD的條碼閲讀器的其他特徵巳在專利申請序列號 317,553和717,771中敘述，在此作爲參考，並作爲在CCD掃 描器和獲取、閲讀二維標記和方法中的早期技術行方法的 例証。 在本發明前，不存在一種採用相對廉價的CCD型條碼掃 描器閲讀二維條碼符號的筒潔、相對高效的方法。 簡言之，並且用通用的術語，本發明提供了一種閲讀 條碼符猇或者類似物的方法，該方法包括以下驟：以光學 方式將一個包含符號的視場成像在一個線性光探測陣列上 ，該符號包括多重有序相鄰的一排排被閲讀的條碼編碼信 息的代碼字；將入射到光探測陣列上的光信號的二進制表 示傳輸到記憶體中，該陣列可移動以便對符號中不同的排 進行成像；記憶傳輸和移動過程是重復進行的，直到符號 中所有的排都巳被閲讀時爲止。然後，生成—個表後符號 中所包含條碼信息的數據輸出。 本發明的另一特徵爲一種窗設計，該設計能夠應用於 所有種類的條碼掃描器，這種窗由凸的第一部分和一個平 坦的第二部分組成，凸的第一部分用來匯聚和引導一束發 出的光束，平坦的第二部分用來接受從符號反射回來的光 ，反射光穿過這一部分到達安裝在外殼褢面的一個探測器。 本發明新的特徵在所附的申請專利範圍中敘述。然而 ，通過參考一個具體實施例的詳細描述，並且對照所附的 圖進行閲謓，本發明本身以及其它特徵和優點將得到最好 的了解。 ****圖式之簡要説明**** .....................................................................................裝.......................訂.....................線 (請先Η讀背面之注意事項再填寫本筲) 本紙張尺度ϋΜ β B轉Τ4ίΜΜ210χ297公爱) bod 經濟部中央欉率局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明（6 ) 圖1是本發明中用於閲讀條碼的光學掃描系統的透視圖。 圖2是一個PDF41"7型二維條碼符號的圖像。 圖3是本發明的條碼閲讀器中發射和接受元件的一幅高 度簡化的透視圖。 圖4是本發明之雷射掃描條碼掃描器的"鼻"部或稱前端 部分的一個剖面圖，該掃描器採用一個多用途窗。 圖5是本發明的條碼掃描器另一個實施例的前視圖，該 掃描器採用了一個多用途窗。 圖6是本發明的條碼掃描器的一個高度簡化方框圖。 正如本説明書和後面的申請專利範圍中所採用的，術 語"符猇"和"條碼"被用來作爲大致上的限定，其覆蓋面不 僅僅是由不同寛度的條和間隔組成的圖像，而且還包括其 他一維或二維的圖像，以及符號數字字符。 本發明還提供了一種用於運行條碼閲讀系統的方法和 裝置，採用這種方法可閲讀二種不同的條碼，即一種標準 的線狀條碼和另一種更特別的二維條碼，本發明還提供一 種允許使用者對條碼進行垂直掃描的方法，該方法使合適 的軟體能對二維條碼進行逐排閲讀和解碼。 圖1所示爲可根據本發明的原理來設計的一種手持式條 碼閲讀器的一個實施例的高度筒化的透視圖。閲讀器100也 許還可安裝在袖珍掃描器中，或者作爲一個桌面工作站或 者是固定的掃描器，用這種方式是條碼標簽掃過閲讀頭。 在較佳實施例中，閲讀器被安裝在一個手持式輕型的塑料 外殻100中，該外殻由使用者手持定位與印在標簽102上的 條碼101接觸，標簽102貼在物品103上。 ί ( .....................................................................................裝.......................訂.....................線 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窵本頁> 本纸張尺度邋用中國國家標準（CNS)甲4規格（210X297公釐) -____21 -____21 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 五、發明説明（7 ) 圖2爲本發明的儀器閲讀PDF417型二維條碼符號的圖像。 每一個PDF17符猇是由許多排條碼信息叠在一起組成。 符號中的每一排由一個起始圖案，幾個被稱爲"代碼字"的 符號字符和一個結束圖案組成。一個代碼字是對代表某些 數字、字母或其他符猇，或與這些内容相關聯的一個値進 行解碼的基本單元。總之，每一排中的代碼字形成數據列。 PDF417符號的排數目和數據列數目都是可變的。符號 至少應用三排，也許可高達九十排。同樣，在每~排中， 代碼字或數據列的數目可在三至三十之間變化。 每個PDFU7代碼字由十七種模或單元組成。每個代碼 字有四個條和四個間隔。單個條或間隔的寛度可在一至六 個模間變化，但是組合起來每個代碼字總是具有十七個模 。這樣，每個代碼字能夠定義成一個八數字序列，其表示 該代碼中的四組寛度不同的條和間隔。這就稱爲代碼字的The structure of Code49 is described by US 4,794,239, here as a participant. Another structure, called " PDF417 ", is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 461,881. In the scanning systems known in the prior art, the light beam is directed through a lens or similar optical device along the optical path to align a target on the surface including the bar code symbol. The moving beam scanner works by repeating the scanning of the light beam along a line or a series of lines across the symbol, by means of a scanning device arranged in the beam path, such as a mirror. The scanning device may have to scan the beam spot across the symbol and trace a scan line across the symbol, or to scan the field of view of the scanner, or both. The barcode reading system also includes a sensor-type photodetector to detect light reflected or scattered from the symbol. The photodetector or sensor is placed in the scanner light path so that it has a field of view that traverses the symbol and is slightly larger than the symbol. A part of the light reflected or scattered from the fu is detected and converted into an electrical signal. Electronic circuits or software decode electrical signals into digital representations of the data represented by the scanned symbols. For example, an analog electrical signal generated by a photodetector may be converted into a pulse-width modulated signal, the width of which corresponds to the physical width of the bars and spaces. Then such a digitized signal is decoded according to the symbol notation adopted by the symbol to form the binary table format of the encoded data in the symbol, and finally converted into the alphanumeric characters they characterize. The decoding process in the known barcode reader system usually uses the following methods to work. The decoder receives the pulse-modulated digital information from the barcode reader. An algorithm implemented by the software manages to decode the scan. The paper size is based on the National Sample Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210x297 mm) .................................................. ............................... Pretend ................. ...... 玎 i: I line (please read the precautions on the back first and then fill in this book) A6 B6 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economics and Technology Co., Ltd. Beigong Consumer Cooperatives 5. Instructions for invention (4). If the start and stop characters in the scan and the characters between them are all successfully decoded, then the decoding process ends and an indication of successful reading is sent to the user (such as a green light signal and / or an audible Beep). Otherwise, the decoder receives the next scan and performs another decoding effort on the scan, and so on, until a completely decoded scan is obtained or no more scans can be obtained. Thus, such a signal is decoded according to a specific symbolic representation to form a binary drinkable form of the encoded data in the symbol, and then converted into a characterized alphanumeric character. Moving beam laser scanners are not the only type of optical instrument capable of reading bar code symbols. Another type of barcode reader is particularly relevant to the present invention. This type of reader uses a detector based on charge coupled device (CCD) technology. The detector size of such prior art readers is usually larger than or substantially equal to the character to be read. The entire symbol is illuminated by the light from the reader, and each photosensitive element of the charge-coupled device (CCD) is sequentially picked to determine the existence of a bar and a space. This type of reader is light in weight and easy to use, but in fact requires direct contact or the reader is placed on the top of the character so that the symbol can be read correctly. This physical contact between the reader and the symbol is a better mode of operation for some applications, or a way of personal preference for the user. The depth of focus of CCD barcode scanners is very limited compared to laser-based scanners. The reason is that if an LED (Light Emitting Diode) light source is used for illumination, the f # (focal length) of the CCD-based scanner is much smaller than the f # of a laser scanner. The depth of focus is the same as f # 2, so the depth of focus of this CCD / LED-based scanner is very small. (Guess to read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) The paper size is China _ Home Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210X297 mm) A6 B6 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, China Bureau of Standards and Economics Beigong Consumer Cooperatives V. Inventions Description (5) Other features of CCD-based bar code readers are described in patent application serial numbers 317,553 and 717,771, which are here incorporated by reference and used as early technical lines in CCD scanners and methods for acquiring and reading two-dimensional marks Illustration of methods. Prior to the present invention, there was no clean, relatively efficient method for reading two-dimensional bar code symbols using a relatively inexpensive CCD-type bar code scanner. In short, and in general terms, the present invention provides a method of reading bar code symbols or the like, which includes the steps of: optically imaging a field of view containing symbols on a linear light detection array, The symbol includes multiple orderly adjacent rows of coded information of the bar code information read; the binary representation of the light signal incident on the light detection array is transmitted to the memory, the array can be moved to different The rows of the image are imaged; the process of memory transmission and movement is repeated until all the rows in the symbol have been read. Then, generate a data output of the barcode information contained in the symbol after the table. Another feature of the invention is a window design that can be applied to all types of barcode scanners. This window consists of a convex first part and a flat second part. The convex first part is used to converge and guide a The second part of the beam emitted by the beam is used to receive the light reflected from the symbol, and the reflected light passes through this part to reach a detector mounted on the shell surface. The new features of the present invention are described in the appended patent application. However, by referring to the detailed description of a specific embodiment and reviewing the attached drawings, the present invention itself and other features and advantages will be best understood. **** A brief description of the schema **** .......................................... .......................................... Pretend. ...................... Order ....................................... (Please read first (Notes on the back and then fill in this note) The size of this paper is ϋΜ β B to Τ4ίΜΜ210χ297 public love) bod A6 B6 printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of the invention (6) Figure 1 is used in the invention Perspective view of an optical scanning system for reading barcodes. Figure 2 is an image of a PDF41 " 7 type 2D barcode symbol. Figure 3 is a highly simplified perspective view of the transmitting and receiving elements of the barcode reader of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the " nose " portion or front end portion of the laser scanning bar code scanner of the present invention, which uses a multi-purpose window. Fig. 5 is a front view of another embodiment of the barcode scanner of the present invention, which uses a multi-purpose window. 6 is a highly simplified block diagram of the barcode scanner of the present invention. As used in this specification and subsequent patent applications, the terms " characteristics " and " barcode " are used as a general limitation, and their coverage is not only composed of bars and spaces of different degrees Composed of images, but also includes other one-dimensional or two-dimensional images, as well as symbolic numeric characters. The present invention also provides a method and device for operating a bar code reading system. By this method, two different bar codes can be read, namely a standard linear bar code and another more special two-dimensional bar code. The present invention also provides A method that allows users to scan barcodes vertically. This method enables suitable software to read and decode two-dimensional barcodes row by row. Figure 1 shows a highly cylindrical perspective view of an embodiment of a handheld barcode reader that can be designed according to the principles of the present invention. The reader 100 may also be installed in a pocket scanner, or as a desktop workstation or a fixed scanner, in this way a barcode label is scanned across the reading head. In the preferred embodiment, the reader is installed in a hand-held, light-weight plastic housing 100 that is held by the user in contact with a barcode 101 printed on a label 102 that is attached to an article 103. ί (................................................ ............................... Pretend ............ ........... order ............... line {Please read the notes on the back before filling this page> This The paper scale is sloppy with Chinese National Standard (CNS) Grade 4 specifications (210X297 mm) -____ 21 -____ 21 A6 printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Development of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (7) FIG. 2 is the instrument of the invention Read the image of the PDF417 type two-dimensional bar code symbol. Each PDF17 character is composed of many rows of bar code information stacked together. Each row in the symbol consists of a starting pattern, and several are called " code words " The symbol character is composed of an ending pattern. A code word is a basic unit that decodes certain numbers, letters, or other characters, or a value associated with these contents. In short, the code words in each row form Data columns. The number of PDF417 symbol rows and the number of data columns are variable. Symbols should be used in at least three rows, and up to ninety rows are permitted. Similarly, in each row, the number of code words or data columns can be It varies from three to thirty. Each PDFU7 codeword is composed of seventeen modes or units. Each codeword has four bars and four intervals. The width of a single bar or interval can vary from one to six modes , But in combination, each code word always has seventeen modulo. In this way, each code word can be defined as a sequence of eight digits, which represents the four sets of bars and intervals of different degrees in the code. This is called Codeword
"X序列"，可用序列X0、XI、X2____X7來表示。比如，對X 序列"51111125"，第一個元素是五個模寛，後面有五個一 個模寛的元素，再有一個二個模寛的元素，最後一個元素 是五個模寛。 可能代碼字的集合進一步被分成三個互相獨立的子集 ，這些子集被稱爲"群"。在PDF4!·7符號中，每一排儘用三 個群中的一個來編碼數據，每個群依次每三排重復一次。 由於任何相鄰的二排採用不同的群，當掃描線没能精確地 對準同一排，並且在一次掃描過程中掃描線從一排掃到另 一排時，解碼器能夠分辨出來自不同排的代碼字。 一個代碼字的群數目可根據以下公式由其X序列來確定： ί ^ .....................................................................................裝......................ir.....................線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窵本頁) 本紙張尺度遑用中困國家標準（CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐） 662 662 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 Α6 Β6 五、發明説明（8 ) 群數目=(X〇-X2+X4-X6)mod9 其中"mod9"指被9除後的餘數。至於圖2中的代碼字，其數 目可按以下方法計算： 群數目=(5-1+1-2) mod9 = 3 爲了使出錯的概率達到最小，PDF417儘用三個群’盡 管9個群在數學上也是可能的。這樣’每一排儘用二個群0 、3或6中的一個來解碼數據，同樣的群每三排依次重復一 次。例如，第〇排代碼字使用群〇,第1排使用群3,第2排採 用群6等等。通常，群數目也可根據排數目按下式來確定。 群數目=((排數目）m〇d3) * 3 在PDF417中定義了 929個代碼字的數値。這些數値爲〇 至928。每個群用截然不同的"條-間隔"圖案來表示929個可 獲得的數値，因此每個群不會與其它群相混淆。 圖3是本發明的條碼閲讀器中光發射和接受元件的一幅 高度簡化的透視圖。採用光源105,例如一個發光二極管（ 或發光二極管陣列）和一個聚光透鏡1〇6 (或一個這種透鏡陣 列）來將大量光照射到視場中，該光的理想情況是一個窄的 矩形。 閲讀器被置於條碼符猇104上面，從而使符猇104至少 有一整排被充分照明。反射和散射的光通過集光光學元件 107回到閲讀器，到達一個線性光電二極管陣列108或一個 圖像傳感器。 光電二極管將表徵條碼符號某一排的圖像轉換成一個 電氣信號。正如下面根據圖6所示的方框圖描繪的，這個代 表單排數據的電氣信號被解碼（或者説被嘗試解碼），其結 本紙張尺度遗用中鼸酾家棵準（CNS)甲4規格（210X297公釐) .....................................................................................裝......................訂.....................線 {請先Η讀背面之注意事項再填窵本霣) 經濟部中央#準局貝工消#合作杜印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明（9 ) 果被應用在隨後的圖像和信號處理中。 盡管本發明主要渉及一個應用CCD的閲讀器，用來閲讀 多層或二維的條碼，本發明的一項可選擇的特徵還可用於 雷射掃描條碼閲讀器，如圖4所示。 圖4所示爲條碼閲讀器的雷射掃描實施例中的外殼101 的前端部分109的一個高度简化的示意剖面圖。如圖所示， 光源爲110，窗111由一個平坦的上部112和一個凸出的下部 113構成。光探測器114安裝在下部113的後面，從而使照明 光穿過上部112，反射光通過下部113。如圖4所示，該窗很 接近掃描器的前端，但爲採用CCD的閲讀器中的一個透鏡留 出合適的位置，這種閲讀器通常在使用時接觸被閲讀的符 猇。 圖4所示的實施例，尤其對一個非回反射（nonretro-reflective)雷射掃描條碼閲讀器來説是有用的，這類掃描 器需要在光傳感器前置一個固定的透鏡來增加信號的水平 ，並且通過使探測器的視場變窄來幫助排除環境光。 圖5是本發明的條碼閲讀器的一個前視平面圖，該閲讀 器具有採用一個長條柱面鏡的多用途窗。圖5可用來描述雷 射掃描條碼閲讀器或者採用CCD的閲讀器。當描述一個採用 CCD的閲讀器時，窗111的凸出的下面I13通常處於光源的前 面，而不是在探測器前面，採用這樣的下部113 ’光源被匯 聚成一條高度的照明帶，該照明帶在目標距離上平行於條 碼的排。 這二種條碼閲讀器都需要一個出口窗防止塵埃進入内 部，還需要有一個光源濾波器。這二種功能可以由一個做 本紙張尺度逋用中國家標準（CNS)甲4规格(210X297公*) .....................................................................................裝......................訂.....................線 f請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本霣) 經濟部中央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明（10 ) 成窗形狀的單個模墼塑件來提供。 總之，本發明特徵之一是採用一個窗，這種窗具有一 個部分或幾個部分形成的透鏡。這樣的透鏡可以置於光源 前，置於光探測器前，或置於二者之前，這取決於採用什 麽類型的條碼閲讀器及其操作要求。 該窗可以用紅色的塑料模壓而成，這樣它除了是一個 透鏡以外還起一個光學濾波器的作用。該窗一種更可取的 方式是採用一個乎坦的部分使向外發出的光束能夠通過， 以及一個做成透鏡形狀的部分將從符號反射回來的光匯聚 到探測器上。根據掃描器的要求，窗上形成的透鏡可以是 柱面鏡，也可以是球面鏡，例如一種多個球面透鏡的方案 也可以用來將反射光匯聚到各自的探測器上，還可採用單 個長柱面鏡和多個探測器組合起來使用。 圖6所示是本發明的CCD條碼掃描器電子部分的方框圖。 圖像傳感器114所起的作用是獲取探測器視場中的圖像 。從圖像傳感器114得到的電氣信猇被加到傳輸門II5上， 而後到達移位寄存器116。移位寄存器具有輪出線路117， 該線路作爲與總線118的接口。總線118是條碼閲讀器計算 機部分的主要數據總線，計算機部分包括記憶體119 ’ CPU 120和接口 121。 盡管巳經針對閲讀一維或二維條碼對本發明進行了描 述，但它不僅僅局限於這些實施例，它還可以應用於更複 雜的標記掃描應用的場合。本發明的方法很容易在多種機 器視覺或者光學字符辨認領域得到應用，在這些場合’信 息還來自其它種類的標記，如字符，或者來自被掃描物品 本紙張尺度遑用中國家櫟準（CNS)甲4规格(210X297公鱟) .....................................................................................裝........................玎.....................線. {請先》讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 經濟部中夹«準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明（11 ) 的表面特徵。 在所有不同的實施例中，掃描器的元件可以裝在一個 非常緊湊的封裝中，從而使掃描器可以製造成單塊印刷線 路板或者一個集成微型組件。這樣一種組件作爲雷射掃描 元件在大量不同類型的數據採集系統中可以互換使用。例 如，該組件可以分別在一個手持式掃描器中使用；在連接 在一條活動臂上的或直接在桌面上展開的或連接在桌子面 下邊的台式掃描器上使用，•或者作爲一個更複雜的數據採 集系統的子元件或部件。 該組件很有意義地包括了安裝在一個支持元件上的一 個光學組件，以及一個光電探測器元件。與這些元件有關 的控制或數據線可與安裝在組件邊緣或外表面的一個電氣 連接件相連，從而使該組件能和與數據採集系統的其它元 件相關聯的一個相對應的連接件進行電氣上的連接。 一個單獨的組件也許具有與其相關的具體的掃描或解 碼特徵，例如在一定工作距離上的可操作性，或針對一個 具體的符猇表示法或印刷密度的可操作性。這種特徵還可 以通過手動調整與組件相關的控制開關來進行定義。使用 者還可以採用該數據採集系統來掃描不同種類的物品，或 者採用一個簡單的電氣連接件對數據採集系統的組件進行 互換，該系統可以應用於不同的埸合。 上面所描述的掃描組件還可安裝在一個獨立的數據採 集系統中，該系統包括一個或多個下列組成部分，如鍵盤 、顯示器、印表機、數據記憶體、應用軟體和數據庫。這 樣一個系統還可包括一個通訊接口從而使數據採集系統能 本紙張尺度逋用中家揲準（CNS) T4規格(210X 297公釐) ......................................................................................裝 訂 ii_:i 丨線 {諳先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窵本貫} A6 B6 五、發明説明（12 ) 與局部網絡中的其它部分或與電話交換網絡進行通訊，接 口可以通過調制解調器（modem)，也可以通過一個ISDN接口 ，或者採用袖珍終端上的低功率無線電發送機向固定的接 收機發送。 可以理解，上述的每個特徵，或二個特徵，或更多個 特徵組合在一起，可在與上述類型不同的其它種類的掃描 器和條碼閲讀器中得到有價値的應用。 然而，在這褢對本發明所概括的内容進行説明和描述 並不是爲了被局限在所描述的細節中，因爲在絲毫不違背 本發明的精神的前提下可以進行大量修改和結構上的變動。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家標準（CNS)甲4規格（210x297公釐)" X sequence " can be represented by the sequence X0, XI, X2____X7. For example, for the X sequence " 51111125 ", the first element is five modulo, followed by five modulo elements, and then there are two modulo elements, and the last element is five modulo. It is possible that the set of codewords is further divided into three mutually independent subsets, which are called " group ". In the PDF4! · 7 symbol, each row uses one of the three groups to encode data, and each group repeats every three rows in turn. Since any two adjacent rows use different groups, when the scan lines are not accurately aligned with the same row, and the scan lines are scanned from one row to another row in one scan, the decoder can distinguish from different rows Code word. The number of groups of a code word can be determined from its X sequence according to the following formula: ί ^ ............................... .................................................. .... install ..................... ir ..................... line (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) This paper uses the National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297mm) 662 662 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Bureau of Samples and Printing Co., Ltd. Α6 Β6 V. Description of the invention (8) Number of groups = (X〇-X2 + X4-X6) mod9 where " mod9 " refers to the remainder after division by 9. As for the codewords in Figure 2, the number can be calculated as follows: Number of groups = (5-1 + 1-2) mod9 = 3 In order to minimize the probability of error, PDF417 uses three groups' although 9 groups It is also possible mathematically. In this way, each row uses one of the two groups 0, 3, or 6 to decode the data, and the same group repeats in turn every three rows. For example, the codeword in row 0 uses group 0, the first row uses group 3, the second row uses group 6, and so on. In general, the number of groups can also be determined by the following formula according to the number of rows. Number of groups = ((number of rows) m〇d3) * 3 In PDF417, the value of 929 code words is defined. These values are from 0 to 928. Each group uses a distinct "bar-space" pattern to represent the 929 available values, so each group is not to be confused with other groups. Fig. 3 is a highly simplified perspective view of the light emitting and receiving element in the barcode reader of the present invention. Use a light source 105, such as a light-emitting diode (or light-emitting diode array) and a condenser lens 106 (or such a lens array) to illuminate a large amount of light into the field of view, the ideal situation of the light is a narrow rectangle . The reader is placed on the bar code symbol 104 so that at least one entire row of symbol symbols 104 is fully illuminated. The reflected and scattered light returns to the reader through the light collection optics 107 and reaches a linear photodiode array 108 or an image sensor. The photodiode converts an image representing a row of bar code symbols into an electrical signal. As described below according to the block diagram shown in FIG. 6, this electrical signal representing a single row of data is decoded (or attempted to be decoded). (210X297mm) ................................................... ................................. Pretend .......... ............ order .................. line (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this book) The Ministry of Economic Affairs Central # 准 局 贝 工 消 # cooperated with Du to print A6 B6. V. Invention description (9) The results were applied in the subsequent image and signal processing. Although the present invention mainly involves a CCD reader for reading multi-layer or two-dimensional bar codes, an optional feature of the present invention can also be used for laser scanning bar code readers, as shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows a highly simplified schematic cross-sectional view of the front end portion 109 of the housing 101 in the laser scanning embodiment of the barcode reader. As shown in the figure, the light source is 110, and the window 111 is composed of a flat upper portion 112 and a convex lower portion 113. The photodetector 114 is installed behind the lower portion 113 so that the illumination light passes through the upper portion 112 and the reflected light passes through the lower portion 113. As shown in Fig. 4, the window is very close to the front end of the scanner, but it leaves a suitable position for a lens in a reader using a CCD. Such a reader usually contacts the read character when used. The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is especially useful for a non-retro-reflective laser scanning bar code reader. This type of scanner requires a fixed lens in front of the light sensor to increase the signal level. And narrow the field of view of the detector to help exclude ambient light. Fig. 5 is a front plan view of the barcode reader of the present invention having a multi-purpose window using a long cylindrical mirror. Figure 5 can be used to describe a laser scanning bar code reader or a CCD reader. When describing a reader using a CCD, the protruding lower surface I13 of the window 111 is usually in front of the light source, rather than in front of the detector, using such a lower portion 113 'that the light source is converged into a high-level illumination band Parallel to the row of barcodes at the target distance. Both types of barcode readers require an exit window to prevent dust from entering the interior, and a light source filter. These two functions can be used by a single paper standard to use the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 g *) ............................ .................................................. ............ installed ........................ ordered .................. ....... Line f, please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) A6 B6 printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of the invention (10) A single mold in the shape of a window To provide. In summary, one of the features of the present invention is the use of a window having a lens formed by one or more parts. Such a lens can be placed in front of the light source, the photodetector, or both, depending on what type of bar code reader is used and its operating requirements. The window can be molded from red plastic so that it acts as an optical filter in addition to a lens. A more preferable way of the window is to use a frank part to allow the outgoing light beam to pass through, and a lens-shaped part to condense the light reflected from the symbol back onto the detector. According to the requirements of the scanner, the lens formed on the window can be a cylindrical mirror or a spherical mirror. For example, a solution of multiple spherical lenses can also be used to focus the reflected light on the respective detectors. A single long lens can also be used. A cylindrical mirror and multiple detectors are used in combination. Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the electronic part of the CCD barcode scanner of the present invention. The function of the image sensor 114 is to acquire an image in the field of view of the detector. The electrical information obtained from the image sensor 114 is applied to the transmission gate II5, and then reaches the shift register 116. The shift register has a round-out line 117 which serves as an interface with the bus 118. The bus 118 is the main data bus of the computer part of the barcode reader. The computer part includes a memory 119 'CPU 120 and an interface 121. Although the invention has been described for reading one-dimensional or two-dimensional barcodes, it is not limited to these embodiments, it can also be applied to more complex mark scanning applications. The method of the present invention can be easily applied in a variety of machine vision or optical character recognition fields. In these occasions, the information also comes from other types of marks, such as characters, or from the scanned article. This paper scale uses the Chinese National Oak Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210X297 male horseshoe crab) ................................................ ..................................... Pretend ...... .......................................... line. {Please read the notes on the back Please fill in this page again for details} A6 B6 printed by the quasi-authorized Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Surface features of the invention description (11). In all different embodiments, the components of the scanner can be contained in a very compact package, so that the scanner can be manufactured as a single printed circuit board or as an integrated micro-component. Such a component can be used interchangeably in a large number of different types of data acquisition systems as a laser scanning element. For example, the component can be used in a hand-held scanner; it can be used on a desktop scanner connected to a movable arm or spread directly on the desktop or connected under the table, or as a more complex Sub-elements or components of the data acquisition system. The assembly meaningfully includes an optical assembly mounted on a support element and a photodetector element. The control or data lines associated with these components can be connected to an electrical connector installed on the edge or outer surface of the component, so that the component can be electrically connected to a corresponding connector associated with other components of the data acquisition system Connection. A single component may have specific scanning or decoding features associated with it, such as operability at a certain working distance, or operability for a specific symbolic representation or printing density. This feature can also be defined by manually adjusting the control switches associated with the component. Users can also use the data collection system to scan different kinds of items, or use a simple electrical connection to exchange the components of the data collection system. The system can be applied to different combinations. The scanning components described above can also be installed in an independent data acquisition system, which includes one or more of the following components, such as a keyboard, monitor, printer, data memory, application software, and database. Such a system may also include a communication interface so that the data collection system can be used in accordance with the Chinese paper standard (CNS) T4 specification (210X 297 mm) ............... .................................................. ..................... Binding ii_: i 丨 Line {keep reading the precautions on the back before filling in the text} A6 B6 V. Description of the invention (12) To communicate with other parts of the local network or with the telephone exchange network, the interface can be via a modem, an ISDN interface, or a low-power radio transmitter on a pocket terminal to send to a fixed receiver. It can be understood that each of the above features, or two features, or more features combined together, can be used in other types of scanners and bar code readers different from the above-mentioned types of valuable application. However, the description and description of the summary of the present invention here are not intended to be limited to the details described, because a large number of modifications and structural changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Printed by Beigong Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. This paper uses Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210x297 mm)